Activities 2018/2019
2018 was an international year of remembrance. All over Europe, people During the year ahead, we will mark the anniversaries of three major events
commemorated the 100th anniversary of the end of the Great War that started new chapters in the history of Europe.
(First World War), which killed millions, caused massive destruction and
It was 100 years ago that the Treaty of Versailles was signed, changing
completely changed the political structure of Central and Eastern Europe.
the face of the continent. Old empires crumbled, and nations were given
After the war, people everywhere wanted a new order that would guarantee
a historical chance to reclaim their long-awaited independence. At the same
peace, legal security, women’s rights and development. The diversity of
time, the treaty created fertile ground for political radicalism, which
ways in which the anniversary was commemorated in Europe last year
eventually led to an even more deadly conflict than the one the treaty ended,
demonstrates, however, that, although the long-term consequences of
the First World War.
the First World War are mostly still valid, people were divided in how they
remembered the war. The ENRS sees this as a challenge. As a result of It was 80 years ago that the Second World War broke out, bringing
discussions among historians and experts from many countries, an open- about the greatest tragedy in the history of mankind. The war’s aftermath
air exhibition called ‘After the Great War: A New Europe 1918–1923’ was instigated the Cold War, which divided much of the world into two
developed. The aim of the exhibition is to allow visitors to learn about antagonistic blocs for the next half century.
the variety of perspectives, experiences and attitudes that exist about
And it was 30 years ago that the communist regimes of Central and Eastern
the aftermath of the First World War and the new order that emerged
Europe started to collapse, marking the beginning of a new era in the history
after the war. This in turn is intended to enhance dialogue and mutual
of Europe, an era of hope, democracy and international dialogue.
understanding among Europeans today. The exhibition has already been
shown in Prague and Sarajevo, but many stops in European capitals are still At the ENRS, we are convinced that it is only by discussing the past that we
to follow. This is just one example of the ENRS’s effort to support discourse can avoid repeating the wrongs of history in a new guise while also building
about history and thus to promote solidarity and reconciliation. Since this on worthy accomplishments. In order to achieve this, we raise awareness of
year is no different from last year in terms of important anniversaries, we the importance of a diversity of perspectives, ideas and memories. This is
are continuing our work at the same pace. Although we represent different essential if we want to build a more complete picture of the world, to think
backgrounds and sensibilities, people of different ages and from different creatively in a responsible manner and to remain immune to the dangers
countries, we stand together, united by the conviction that dialogue and of radicalism.
cooperation with respect for our distinct identities is an indispensable
It would be impossible to achieve our goals, however, without support from
condition for our common, stable future and harmonious development.
the ministers responsible for culture in our member countries. I would
We would like to become living proof that such dialogue is possible.
therefore like to express my gratitude to Prof. Piotr Gliński, Minister of
Culture and National Heritage and Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic
of Poland; Prof. Monika Grütters, Federal Government Commissioner for
Culture and the Media in Germany; Prof. Miklós Kásler, Minister of Human
ENRS STEERING COMITEE
Resources in Hungary; Valer Daniel Breaz, Minister of Culture and National
Identity in Romania; and Dr Ľubica Laššáková, Minister of Culture of
Dr Florin Abraham
the Slovak Republic.
Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss
Dr Ján Pálffy
Prof. Jan Rydel
Prof. Matthias Weber ENRS INSTITUTE DIRECTOR
Rafał Rogulski
Areas of Operation
We deliver our own projects as well as collaborate
with research centres, public institutions and
nongovernmental organizations from across Europe.
OUR MISSION
We carry out our mission by disseminating historical
knowledge and supporting research,
and in particular:
Organizing conferences, symposiums,
seminars and workshops;
Delivering research, cultural and
educational projects;
Guided by the spirit of We look for platforms We build a network Publishing and translating works for academic
friendship, we contribute of dialogue and mutual of institutions dealing as well as general audiences.
to the European culture understanding so that with 20th-century
of remembrance by present and future history cooperating in
linking the history of generations can use the spirit of objectivity,
European nations. 20th-century history as openness and mutual
a source of knowledge respect.
and experience.
We care about
the language of
historical debates held
on the basis of the
most recent studies of
history and memory.
4 5
Help us shape the fra mework
of historical debate 5. Ensure
a genuine
historical basis
The inclusion of
6. Clearly define
the nature of
each initiative
7. Use academic
knowledge as your up-to-date
source
With regard to historical
8. Apply
didactical
concepts
The European Network Remembrance and Solidarity, as an active participant in completely fictional
In order to facilitate
context, each international
the audience’s
the international discourse on history and remembrance, feels a great deal of storylines in works interpretation of historical discourse and
and technical
responsibility for shaping the debate in this field.
about history poses international historical international politics standards
the risk of consciously or discourse and of memory initiative
When presenting texts,
unconsciously distorting international politics should be based on
visual materials (images,
This is why, with the aim of contributing to the to prepare Guidelines for International Discourse on the presentation of of memory initiatives, current academic
films, maps), audio
development of a set of standards for responsible History and Memory, a document that specifies some rules the past. For this reason, those developing such findings applicable
material or artifacts,
discussion of history, the ENRS asked experts in the field worth considering when implementing historical projects. those developing such initiatives should make to its content. During
try to apply didactical
works should make every every effort to clearly development, the content
concepts that are state
effort to ensure that inform the audience of of such initiatives should
of the art and that enable
the figures and events the work’s position as be discussed with
The Guidelines presented correspond
as closely as possible to
the historical context.
historical documentation,
fiction, a historical work
recognized academic
experts representing
specialist knowledge on
the audience to experience
varied viewpoints. Follow
international standards
of fiction or something
and guidelines when
1. Present varied 2. Avoid 3. Avoid 4. Treat historical else depending on a given phenomenon.
indicating your sources
The extent of academic
viewpoints deterministic generalizations figures as the relationship between
the fictional storylines in consultation should be
and creating an adequate
context environment for
Those developing
expressions The content of all
individuals their works and historical adequate for the planned
your material. Be aware
and documentary project and its budget.
129
initiatives in international international politics of of the implications that
Those developing In order to avoid fostering elements. All those developing
historical discourse and memory initiatives should information in its digital
the above initiatives and spreading stereotypes initiatives are required to
international politics of be commensurate with form needs a specific
should ensure that they that could be applied confirm that academic
memory should strive to the nature and scope of hypertextual structure
avoid suggesting to to entire communities, consultation has taken
ensure such presentation the historical phenomena and a sustainable
audiences that there is when portraying both place in a specific scope,
of historical events that they concern. Individual technological basis. In
an inevitable dependence commendable historical and to include the name
reliably takes into account facts with positive or case there is too little
between historical actions and crimes, those of the consultant in
the viewpoints, reasoning negative significance, expertise given the task
events and the current developing international the information on a given
and arguments of all those even if in themselves that is planned, try to co-
relations between peoples historical discourse and initiative (e.g. opening/
involved in such events. historically verified, should operate with experts on
and states. international politics closing credits of a film,
Affirmative presentation not be used to illustrate didactics and informatics.
of memory initiatives exhibition programme).
of totalitarian, racist and the attitudes and conduct
should make every effort
chauvinistic visions of of an entire community.
guidelines Join them and sign at:
to ensure that the persons
the world and of history Each such fact should
behind such actions/
is unacceptable. be presented in a context
perpetrators are identified
reflecting its actual place
in the history of a given
community.
as precisely as possible
and presented in an
individualized manner.
signatories enrs.eu/guidelines
6 7
We are pleased to
introduce our newly
redesigned website
Visit us at
enrs.eu
Call-for-papers An in-depth showcase Over 200 academic and
database of all our projects popular-history articles
▶ Check the latest ▶ See how you can take ▶ Learn even more about the
calls or add your own. part in ENRS events. 20th century in Europe.
8 9
OUR Investigating how religious discourse
influences common memory practices.
Prof. Jie-Hyun Lim from Sogang University,
South Korea, delivering a speech during
the 8th Genealogies of Memory conference
PROJE
EXHIBITIONS
After the Great
War: A New
Europe 1918–1923
The open-air exhibition ‘After the Great War: A New Europe
1918–1923’, prepared in cooperation with historians from
more than a dozen countries, is an attempt to synthesize
the turbulent beginning of the interwar period and to illustrate
how it impacts current politics and shapes national memories.
12 13
EXHIBITIONS
The First World War completely changed
the face of Central and Eastern Europe, with
new countries appearing on the ruins of
four old empires. Some of them managed
to reclaim their independence after
many years of occupation, while others
were re-established within borders that
were often redrawn during the course of
ongoing conflicts, which lasted right up
until 1923. Having suffered extraordinary
losses, the region started to rebuild and
modernize. A new Europe was established.
The architectural valour of the exhibition is what first
From political changes and economic grabs the attention of passersby
consequences to social transformations,
struggles for identity and contemporary
remembrance, the exhibition depicts
this turbulent and fascinating period from
a multitude of perspectives. With the use of
archival and multimedia materials – more
than 200 photographs, maps, music and
original films from the 1920s, together with
the individual stories told by eyewitnesses
– it offers a comprehensive and coherent
picture of the new Europe established in
the central and eastern part of the continent.
The exhibition started its tour in
the autumn of 2018 with stops in Prague
and Sarajevo, and it will continue to visit Sarajevo was the second stop on the exhibition’s
new locations through 2023. It is always Europe tour and – for symbolic and historical reasons –
presented in English and the language of particularly important
the host country.
Both the content
and form of the exhibition
has been designed to offer
something interesting
to visitors of all ages
Over
200 photos, inte ractive maps, From left: Edvilas Raudonikis, Ambassador of Lithuania;
Christoph Israng, Ambassador of Germany; Peter Weiss,
Ambassador of Slovakia; and Prof. Piotr Gliński, Deputy
Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland, Minister of
movies and infographics Culture and National Heritage being given a tour of
the exhibition by its curator, Dr Bartosz Dziewanowski-
Stefańczyk during the opening in Prague
14 15
The richness
EXHIBITIONS
of interactive
and movable
elements is what
distinguishes the
display from many
others of the same
kind and aims to
engage the visitor
more deeply;
‘After the Great
War’ exhibition
in Sarajevo
16 17
EXHIBITIONS
Between
Life and
Death
The travelling exhibition ‘Between
Life and Death: Stories of Rescue
during the Holocaust’ presents
stories of rescue in ten European
countries: Croatia, Denmark,
France, Germany, Hungary,
Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland,
Slovakia and Ukraine.
18 19
EXHIBITIONS
By telling the stories of both survivors and rescuers, The exhibition was first shown at the European Commission
the exhibition’s creators aim to give voice to both of these headquarters on the eve of International Holocaust
groups, to let them share what they lived through, to talk Remembrance Day in 2018. Since then, it has also visited
about their efforts, their courage and their will to live. Amsterdam, Bratislava and Vilnius, and it continues its tour of
The fates of both survivors and rescuers are shown against other European cities.
a broader historical background, while also describing The exhibition is a joint project of the ENRS, the POLIN
Testimonies of rescuing and being rescued
during the Holocaust provide deeply moving the particular circumstances they faced. The exhibition Museum of the History of Polish Jews and the Silent Heroes
insights into people’s behaviour under is expanded to include new stories every time it reaches Memorial Center.
20 extreme circumstances: ‘Between Life and a country that had its own experience of the Holocaust that 21
Death’ exhibition in Bratislava was not included in the original exhibition.
INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
In Between?
‘In Between?’ is an interdisciplinary initiative
aimed at encouraging students and young
professionals to explore the complex history
of European borderlands, while mastering new
skills in the process.
22 23
INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
Last year, the project received a special mention from ‘In Between?’
participants during
the jury for the EU Prize for Cultural Heritage/Europa
study visits in Rijeka
Nostra Awards for ‘reconnecting generations and
(above) and Skalica
documenting the intangible heritage of borderland (right): developing
communities’. One of its goals is to sensitize young new practical skills
people to the influence of historical processes on such as video
individual lives. recording and
photographing is an
The main part of ‘In Between?’ consists of study
integral part
visits inspired by oral history. Since the beginning of of the project
the project in April 2016, ‘In Between?’ teams have
visited 18 borderland regions, including the Croatian port
city of Rijeka and the Slovak–Czech–Austrian border
region near the towns of Skalica, Hodonín and Retz in
2018. Two more study visits will be carried out in 2019.
The participants, selected through a two-stage
international recruitment process, represent various
fields, including history, cultural anthropology, sociology,
linguistics, journalism and the arts. Before going into
the field, they take part in interdisciplinary workshops
during which they practise new skills (conducting
interviews, recording videos, photography, digitalization
of visual materials) and familiarize themselves with
relevant historical contexts. Selected materials gathered
Studying and documenting local stories: during the study visits, including video summaries
during an interview in Rijeka created afterwards, are published online on the ENRS
website and shared with museums and archives,
24 including Europeana Migration and EU Screen. 25
Hi-story lessons
80
INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
Bringing historical education on the 20th century online:
Visit hi-storylessons.eu.
An online educational platform for high school
9accessible
thematic case studies
210
infographics
7
teachers and students on 20th-century
arts and culture
Reviewed by experts multilingual
animations
In 7 languages
In accordance with curricula
of specific countries
historical overviews
26 27
INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
Sound in
the Silence
‘Sound in the Silence’ is an educational project that
arose from the need to find an engaging way to
familiarize pupils in upper secondary schools with
difficult aspects of Europe’s past. By combining
art and history, this international interdisciplinary
initiative offers teenagers a more multidimensional
perspective on the past that resonates with them on
an emotional level.
28 29
Preparatory artistic
workshops: creative and
INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
emotional engagement
as key to achieving
in-depth insights into
traumatic history
Final performance: catching the
spirit of those dreadful days
When history is not all about
knowledge but also about sensibility,
imagination and open-mindedness
For the 6th edition of the project, carried out in 2018, four
groups of students from Finland, Germany, Lithuania and
Poland visited Warsaw to learn about the city’s wartime
past, with a special emphasis on the history of the two
Warsaw uprisings: the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 and
the Warsaw Uprising of 1944. These two events – each
unique and distinctive in its own right – served as a starting
point for reflection on various forms of resistance. Together
with artists representing different disciplines, participants
explored the concept of the fight for identity and dignity. This
exchange of varied experiences and sensitivities culminated
30 in the production of the final performance: an interdisciplinary 31
Guided visits to
PARTNER EVENTS
INTERDISCIPLINARY EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS
relevant memorials and
museums consitute
an important part
of the Sound in the
Silence project.
Pictured: visit to the Freedom Festival
Warsaw Rising Museum
Freedom Festival is an annual multi-genre cultural
festival focusing on the 20th-century history of
Slovakia and the oppression Central and Eastern
Europe endured throughout the last century.
Among the featured events, one can find film
screenings, exhibitions, workshops and discussions,
as well as a special section dedicated entirely to
schools. In 2018, the festival took place in Bratislava
and several other cities in Slovakia. The programme
included the premiere of An Act Against All Odds,
a short documentary depicting last year’s edition of
the ‘Sound in the Silence’ project and the opening of
the ‘Between Life and Death’ exhibition. The festival
is organized by the National Memory Institute
(Slovakia), with the ENRS as the main partner.
100
Venues of Victims
// Venues of Perpetrators
The aim of the international initiative
‘Venues of Victims // Venues of Perpetrators:
Mapping, decoding & processing the role of
historical–civic education in (European) Youth
Work’ was to enable the exchange of experiences
between educators and youth leaders from
various European countries.
In 2018, various events, including training
courses, a summer camp and a final conference,
work through which the teenagers interpreted their
newly acquired historical knowledge and expressed their
Over were held in different parts of Europe. As
one of the partner institutions, the ENRS had
people saw the Sound in the
the pleasure of sharing its expertise in carrying
opinions and emotions.
Moreover, the main part of ‘Sound in the Silence’ out interdisciplinary projects by conducting
was complemented for the first time by a programme workshops and presentations based on
for teachers. The course focused on informal and
participatory education and consisted of workshops,
discussions and study visits.
Silence final performance the ‘In Between?’ methodology.
32
The project is a common initiative of the ENRS and
the MOTTE cultural centre in Hamburg. in Warsaw 33
Analyzing the issue
of common yet diverse
CONFERENCES - SYMPOSIA - DEBATES
memory. Prof. David
Reynolds (University
of Cambridge)
clarifying the
complexity of the First
World War’s legacy,
with Markus Meckel
in the background
(right); Prof. Attila
Pók and Dr Burkhard
Olschowsky (left)
European
Remembrance
Symposium Sharing diverse kinds
of knowledge by people of
different occupations and
cultural backgrounds;
from left: Gemma Pörzgen,
Every year, the European Remembrance Prof. Dan Dungaciu
Symposium brings together representatives of (Institute of Political
Science, Romania),
institutions from all across Europe to discuss Prof. Martin Pekár (Pavol
Jozef Šafárik University)
the latest trends and challenges in dealing with
history and remembrance.
34 35
CONFERENCES - SYMPOSIA - DEBATES
Contemplating the panorama of the Romanian
capital from the terrace of one of
the largest buildings in the world.
Below: Dr Oldřich Tůma during one of the panels
The event is open to all those interested in multidisciplinary,
international and cross-cultural approaches to the past: from culture
managers and educational experts to researchers and academics.
Having the centennial anniversary of the end of the First World War
as inspiration, the 7th European Remembrance Symposium, held on
15–17 May 2018 in Bucharest, Romania, focused on peacekeeping
and national sovereignty. 1918 and the turbulent years that followed
served as a starting point for showcasing how the experience of this
The main period differed across countries, as well as for juxtaposing a variety
part of the
of strategies for remembrance and commemoration.
symposium is
always followed For its 8th edition in 2019, the European Remembrance
by visiting local Symposium comes to Paris. This year’s event, entitled ‘Making and
historical sites: Re-Making of Europe: 1919–2019’, will take place in the French
interiors of the capital on 27–29 May. Its aim is to reflect on
Palace of the
the use of historical narratives in various
Parliament in
Bucharest
areas of public life and academia.
Previous European Remembrance Symposiums
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Does European Culture How Much Transnational Turning Points in Remembrance of the 1956. Contexts Violence in 20th-Century After the Great War.
of Memory Exist? Cooperation Does 20th-Century European Second World War – Impact – European History: Challenges for Europe
Gdańsk, Poland, European Remembrance Require? History, Europe between 70 Years After. Winners, Remembrance Commemorating, 1918–2018
14–15 September Caesuras and Parallels in Europe War and Peace 1914–2004 Losers, Perpetrators, Budapest, Hungary, Documenting, Educating Bucharest, Romania,
Berlin, Germany, Prague, Czech Republic, Victims, Bystanders 24–26 May Brussels, Belgium, 15–17 May
10–12 October 9–11 April Vienna, Austria, 6–8 June
36 11–13 May 37
Genealogies
CONFERENCES - SYMPOSIA - DEBATES
of Memory
The Genealogies of Memory conferences
facilitate academic exchange among
European scholars of collective memory.
Organized annually since 2011,
the three-day meetings promote the study
of memory in Central and Eastern
Europe among the broader international
academic community.
Dr Yuliya
Yurchuk
(Södertörn
Where different worlds
University)
meet in search of
while
a common language
moderating
to talk about difficult
one of the
memory: round table
panels (right)
discussion with pastor
Thomas Jeutner,
Archpriest Kirill Kaleda,
priest Prof. Piotr
Mazurkiewicz, Sufi
Andrzej Saramowicz,
Rabbi Yehoshua Ellis
(above; from left)
38 39
Previous
CONFERENCES - SYMPOSIA - DEBATES
conferences
2011
Genealogies of Memory in
Central and Eastern Europe:
Theories and Methods
2012
R egions of Memory:
Central and Eastern Europe in
a Comparative Perspective
2013
L egal Frames of Memory: When the time intended for lecture and questions is
Transitional Justice in Central not enough. Prof. Alexander Agadjanian (Russian State
and Eastern Europe University for Humanities), a keynote speaker, conversing
with conference participants during the coffee-break
2014
Dr Zuzanna Bogumił (Maria Grzegorzewska University),
C ollective vs. Collected a conference convenor, watching over the course
Memories: 1989–91 from an Oral of the event (right)
History Perspective
2015
Each year, the conference focuses on
a different theme. The 2018 edition, which
M emory and Change in Europe: took place in Warsaw on 16–18 October,
Eastern Perspectives was devoted to the dynamic, multilayered
connections between memory and religion,
2016
a topic rarely discussed in great detail in
the field of memory studies. The event
R egions of Memory II: brought together social-memory scholars
Memory Regions as Discourse and experts in religious studies from no
and Imagination fewer than 15 European and non-European
countries. The programme included
2017
keynote speeches by Professor Alexander
Agadjanian and Professor Geneviève
I mage, History and Memory: Zubrzycki, as well as presentations and film
Genealogies of Memory in screenings.
Central and Eastern Europe The upcoming 9th Genealogies of
Memory conference, ‘Myths, Memories and
2018
Economies: Post-Socialist Transformations
in Comparison’, will take place on 28–30
M emory and Religion: October 2019. Its aim will be to explore
Central and Eastern Europe in the post-1989 economic transformation and
Scrutinizing the presence of religious a Global Perspective the role that memory and popular myths play
symbols and references in the collective
discourse of memory of a traumatic past. in the process of its historicization. Keynote
Prof. Geneviève Zubrzycki (University lectures will be given by Professor Johanna
of Michigan) delivering the keynote speech Bockman, Professor Thomas Lindenberger
40 and Professor Adam Mrozowicki. 41
Prof. Pieter
Judson
CONFERENCES - SYMPOSIA - DEBATES
(European
University
Institute, Italy)
discussing the
role of memory
in constituting
identity; Keith
Lowe in the
background
How to Narrate In search of an appropriate framework for
a common history discourse with respect to different
the History of Europe perspectives; Dr Marek A. Cichocki (below)
An international group of experts
representing different fields, from journalism
and museology to history and academia,
travelled to Florence on 3–4 December
2018 in order to discuss challenges related
to presenting the history of Europe and
individual European countries.
The aim of the workshop was to facilitate interdisciplinary of past and history: identifying similarities and differences;
dialogue on 20th-century European history by juxtaposing and the Holocaust and genocide in the context of
different perspectives, disciplines and sensitivities on totalitarian regimes.
dealing with European memory. The invited guests, The workshop was seen as a first step towards
representing various countries, academic disciplines improving and further developing the intellectual
and specializations, reviewed examples of different framework for carrying out joint projects on the history of
approaches to dealing with the past in various European Europe as a whole and of the countries and nations that
regions. Discussions were based on four main topics: comprise it.
European identity or European identities – the role of The event was organized by the ENRS together with
memory; different perspectives of looking at historical the Department of History and Civilization at the European
42 periods in Europe and at centres and peripheries; the role University Institute in Florence. 43
PARTNER EVENTS
Central Europe in a Transnational Perspective’
CONFERENCES - SYMPOSIA - DEBATES
was organized by the Institute of Contemporary
History of the Czech Academy of Sciences and
the Government of the Czech Republic. The ENRS
had the honour of being one of the event’s
The Prague Spring 50 Years After partners.
On the 50th anniversary of the Prague Spring,
a conference was held in the Czech capital on
Events accompanying the ‘After the Great War’ exhibition:
13–15 June 2018 in order to reflect on the legacy
Prof. Jay Winter at the conference in Berlin (left); Dr Rasa
of 1968 and other crucial crises in the Soviet bloc.
Current challenges in
Balockaite, Michael Žantovský and Prof. Attila Pók during
a discussion in Prague (below) teaching history
The topics discussed included the legacy of
major social movements in the allied countries A seminar was conducted in Košice, Slovakia,
as analysed from long-term perspectives in broad on 4–5 December 2018 in an effort to motivate
international and domestic contexts. Attention was and inspire history teachers to apply new
also paid to contemporary memory of those turning educational models.
points and the role of the mass media in their
The event consisted of two parts: a workshop
commemoration.
on current didactic trends and presentations
The conference ‘The Prague Spring 50 Years of various educational projects, including
After: Great Crises of Communist Régimes in the Hi-story Lessons online platform. The
two-day seminar was organized by the National
Memory Institute (Slovakia) in cooperation with
the ENRS and the Department of History at Pavol
Jozef Šafárik University.
Events Accompanying 1989. Changes
the ‘After The Great War’ Exhibition and Challenges Colloquium for Archivists
from Central Europe
1989 witnessed the culmination of many years
Central and Eastern Europe after After the Great War of dissident efforts that brought freedom and Representatives of archives specializing in
democracy to Eastern and Central Europe.
the First World War – Debate The appearance of a number of sovereign countries
20th-century history from Austria, the Czech
Republic, Hungary and Slovakia met in Bratislava
The conference ‘Central and Eastern Europe after How can the complex phenomena underlying was reason for joy and high hopes among citizens,
on 12 December 2018 to exchange their
the First World War’ was one of the events organized the creation of a new Europe in 1918–1923 be translated while also giving rise to doubt and anxiety about what
by the ENRS that accompanied the ‘After the Great into a scenario for an exhibition? the future might hold.
experiences.
War: A New Europe 1918–1923’ exhibition, marking Dr Rasa Balockaite, Professor Attila Pók and Dr Oldřich How are these developments remembered today in The event was organized by the Archive of
the centenary of the end of one of the worst military Tůma, members of the international team of experts different parts of the region? In order to mark the 30th
the National Memory Institute (Slovakia).
conflicts in history. involved in creation of the ‘After the Great War: A New anniversary of the beginning of the democratic
Attendees included representatives of the Czech
The event, which took place in Berlin between 31 Europe 1918–1923’ exhibition, discussed the ENRS’s transformations and the fall of the Iron Curtain,
January and 2 February 2018, was a joint project of attempt to synthesize national memories in search of the ENRS, together with its local partners, will Archive of Security Services, the Historical
the ENRS and the Federal Institute for Culture and a common transnational narrative concerning the difficult organize a series of academic events dedicated Archives of Hungarian State Security and
History of the Germans in Eastern Europe. Conference beginning of the interwar period. Michael Žantovský, to the legacy of the years 1989–1991. These the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute. The ENRS was
participants examined the profound political, social director of the Václav Havel Library, moderated. The event conferences, within a common cross-national the event’s main partner.
and economic changes that occurred in this part of accompanied the opening of the ‘After the Great War’ framework, are planned to be held in the Czech
the continent after 1918. The idea was to showcase both exhibition in Prague on 15 October 2018. Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.
regional and transnational studies and to shed more
light on the differences in remembrance of this period
44 throughout Central and Eastern Europe. 45
International Remembrance Central and Eastern Europe
after the First World War
REMEMBRANCE PROJECTS
PUBLICATIONS
Holocaust and Solidarity The 9th volume of European Network Remembrance
and Solidarity discusses developments in the years
Remembrance Day Studies
just after the First World War that gave shape to
modern Central and Eastern Europe.
On the one hand, the publication focuses on
efforts to establish an international structure for
peace and to set previously oppressed nations
on the road to emancipation. On the other hand, it
sheds light on political revisionism and territorial
claims, as well as on the level of political violence
Remembrance and Solidarity: Studies in 20th-Century
experienced at the time, which was effectively
European History is an open-access, multidisciplinary
a continuation of the war in many places, albeit
journal dedicated to history and memory studies. under different conditions.
It features pieces on current findings in historical and
The series is published by the Federal Institute for
memory research, while also showcasing transcriptions
Culture and History of the Germans in Eastern Europe
of lectures and debates presented during events
Remember.
in cooperation with the ENRS.
organized by the ENRS.
For more, see page 44, events accompanying
the ‘After the Great War’ exhibition.
August 23 The 6th issue of Remembrance and Solidarity, published
last year, discusses violence in 20th-century Europe.
It begins with eight research papers, each with distinctive Report on Young People’s
thematic and conceptual-methodological content.
The editors intentionally brought together a very
Attitudes to Totalitarianism
On 23 August, the anniversary of the signing of the
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between Nazi Germany and diverse thematic programme in order to emphasize The report is based on research conducted for
the ENRS in seven European countries: Austria,
the Soviet Union, the European Day of Remembrance for the complexity and multiple perspectives from which
Victims of Totalitarian Regimes is observed. The ENRS the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland,
the phenomenon of violence can be studied. The research Romania and Slovakia.
contributes to the commemorations by carrying out
papers are then followed by essays written on the basis
an educational campaign called ‘Remember. August 23’. The aim of the study was to establish whether
International Holocaust Remembrance Day is observed of lectures presented by Professor Michel Wieviorka,
The aim of the campaign is first and foremost to remember and how pre-totalitarian attitudes might spread
on 27 January, the anniversary of the liberation of the Professor Arnold Suppan, Professor Andrzej Nowak and among young people. The survey was conducted
the victims of totalitarian regimes and, by doing so, to remind
Auschwitz-Birkenau German Nazi concentration camp. Professor Jeffrey K. Olick at the European Remembrance in two stages: qualitative (focus-group interviews)
the broader public about the atrocities and oppression
Each year, the ENRS joins in the commemorations. carried out in the name of both Nazi and communist regimes: Symposium in Brussels in 2017. and quantitative (CAWI surveys). The findings
concentration camps, the Gulag, the Holocaust, crematoriums The next issue, to be published in 2019, will focus on were then analysed by scholars from the Cardinal
Stefan Wyszyński University (UKSW) in Warsaw.
As a way of helping mark International Holocaust and labour camps, as well as the Cold War and violations of contemporary research and differing conclusions about
human rights. A full report in Polish, published by the UKSW, was
Remembrance Day, the exhibition ‘Between Life European borderlands, both literally and metaphorically,
accompanied by a summary in English. The full
and Death: Stories of Rescue During the Holocaust’ As part of the campaign in 2018, the ENRS prepared two especially in terms of memory and identity. English version of the report will be released in 2019.
was launched for the first time on 24 January 2018 30-second videos presenting the tragic fates of victims of
at the headquarters of the European Commission. the Nazi and Soviet regimes. The first recalls the story of
Previous issues:
The opening included a discussion with the event’s
Mala Zimetbaum and Edek Galiński, a couple who met and
fell in love at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 2016 Holocaust/Shoah Publication to mark
guests of honour: Holocaust survivors Elżbieta
Ficowska, Jehoshua Shochot and Elisabeth Drillich.
and then managed to escape together, only to be caught and 2015 T he Memory of Economic Crisis the European Day of
brought back two weeks later. The second clip is dedicated
These witnesses to history shared their unique life to Peter Mansfeld, a Hungarian teenager, the youngest victim
2014 F irst World War Centenary
Remembrance for Victims
2014 T he Legacy of 1989
stories as well as reflections on the importance of of repressions after the crushing of the 1956 Hungarian
Revolution. His mother recounts the fate of her son, who was 2012 R emembering
of Stalinism and Nazism
raising awareness about the Holocaust. The debate was
deemed a counterrevolutionary by the communist authorities. 20th-Century History The National Memory Institute (Slovakia)
accompanied by introductory speeches by Commissioner The videos can be watched online at: enrs.eu/august23. has published a summary of the ministerial
Dimitris Avramopoulos; Jolanta Gumula, deputy director conference held in Bratislava in 2016 as a part of
In addition, representatives of the ENRS took part in
for programming at the POLIN Museum; and Professor the official commemoration of the European Day of
a remembrance march in Budapest and a conference organized
Jan Rydel, the chairman of the ENRS Steering Committee. in Tallinn as a part of the 23 August commemorations.
Remembrance for Victims of Stalinism and Nazism.
This year’s anniversary was once again synchronized The publication features papers presented by
The ENRS also encourages everyone to mark 23 August by
with the opening of the mentioned exhibition, this time at academics and representatives of various institutions
sharing and wearing a special pin with a black ribbon and
the Vilna Gaon State Jewish Museum in Vilnius. the inscription ‘Remember. August 23’.
dealing with 20th-century memory, including
Professor Jan Rydel, the chairman of the ENRS
To inquire about the pin, please contact us at:
[email protected]. Steering Committee.
For more, see page 19,
46 ‘Between Life and Death’ exhibition. 47
PARTNERS
Map of ENRS Partner
NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND
1 Museum / 1 Academic Institution / 1 Educational /
place of memory Research Centre Cultural Centre
1 Academic Institution / 1 Educational /
Research Centre Cultural Centre
1 Educational / 1 Diplomatic post
Cultural Centre 1 Ministry
LITHUANIA ESTONIA
3 Museums / 2 Museums /
Institutions
places of memory places of memory
1 Academic Institution / 1 Academic Institution /
Research Centre Research Centre
2 Educational /
Cultural Centres
LATVIA 1 Educational /
Cultural Centre
2 Museums /
places of memory 1 Ministry
UNITED
KINGDOM POLAND
1 Museum / 12 Museums /
place of memory DENMARK places of memory
Interested in becoming our partner? If you work for an institution active 2 Academic
Institutions /
1 Museum /
place of memory
6 Archives
37 Academic
Research Centres Institutions /
in the field of history and memory of 20th-century Europe that would like 1 Educational /
Cultural Centre
Research Centres
33 Educational /
to cooperate with us, send your proposal at:
[email protected]. Cultural Centres
1 Local governments /
Municipalities
356
3 Ministries
CZECH 4 Other
BELARUS
NETHERLANDS REPUBLIC 1 Academic Institution /
4 Academic Institutions / Research Centre
1 Museum /
Research Centres
place of memory
2 Educational /
12 Academic Institutions /
Cultural Centres
Research Centres
8 Educational /
Cultural Centres
GERMANYT 2 Local governments /
Municipalities
10 Museums /
1 Ministry
places of memory
3 Archives
27 Academic Institutions /
Research Centres
12 Educational /
Cultural Centres SLOVAKIA HUNGARY
2 Diplomatic posts 1 Museum / 3 Museums /
place of memory places of memory
2 Ministries
10 Academic 5 Archives
Institutions / 11 Academic Institutions /
Research Centres Research Centres
AUSTRIA 5 Educational /
Cultural Centres
13 Educational /
Cultural Centres
5 Academic Institutions /
1 Local governments / 1 Diplomatic post
Research Centres
Municipalities
BELGIUM 2 Educational /
1 Ministry
1 Local governments /
PORTUGAL FRANCE 2 Museums /
places of memory
Cultural Centres
1 Diplomatic post
Municipalities
2 Ministries ROMANIA
1 Educational /
Cultural Centre 3 Museums / 1 Academic Institution / 4 Museums /
places of memory Research Centre places of memory
1 Academic Institution / 1 Diplomatic post 1 Archive
Research Centre
35
9 Academic
BOSNIA & Institutions /
HERCEGOVINA Research Centres
6 Educational /
4 Academic Institutions / Cultural Centres
partner
Research Centres
1 Diplomatic post
SPAIN
1 Educational /
Cultural Centre
SERBIA 1 Local governments /
2 Academic Institutions / Municipalities
1 Museum / 1 Diplomatic post Research Centres 1 Ministry
place of memory 1 Other 2 Educational /
SLOVENIA
institutions in
1 Archive Cultural Centres
2 Academic
Institutions /
1 Academic UKRAINE
Institution / 1 Museum /
Research Centres Research Centre place of memory
1 Educational / 2 Archives
Cultural Centre 5 Academic Institutions /
Research Centres
5 Educational /
Cultural Centres
CROATIA
1 Museum /
place of memory
1 Archive
1 Academic Institution /
countries
Research Centre
1 Educational /
Cultural Centre
BULGARIA
MONTENEGRO 2 Academic Institutions /
Research Centres
GEORGIA
ITALY 1 Educational /
Cultural Centre 1 Academic Institution /
1 Academic Institution / Research Centre
Research Centre
ALBANIA
1 Museum /
place of memory
5 Academic Institutions /
Research Centres MACEDONIA
1 Educational / 3 Academic Institutions / ISRAEL
Cultural Centre Research Centres 1 Museum /
place of memory
KOSOVO
48 1 Academic Institution / 49
Research Centre GREECE
1 Educational / 1 Academic Institution /
Cultural Centre Research Centre
History A BRIEF HISTORY
OF THE NETWORK
At the start of the 21st century,
a controversy arose relating to
the Second World War and its
consequences. At its heart was
the issue of forced migration.
The controversy showed that despite
the passage of more than fifty years and
the efforts of politicians and scholars,
the memory of the Second World War can
still be manipulated for political gain and
can divide and disrupt relations in our part
of Europe. This inspired the governments
of a number of Central European countries
to seek a new form of dialogue on the tragic
events of the 20th century: the first step
in creating an international network of
Much of the debate focused ‘remembrance workshops’. The workshops
were designed to support and coordinate
on how events are interpreted research into these difficult events, as well
and remembered today, but as to commemorate them in a way that
would not devalue facts but, at the same
the discussions often lost sight time, not hurt or discourage the dialogue’s
of the facts and were unscholarly international participants. In April 2004, after of culture (coordinators), was established Andrzej Przewoźnik, Tomasz Merta and Matthias Weber during the first
two years of discussion and consultation, as the decision-making body of the ENRS. ENRS assemblies meeting, February 2010
in their approach. official negotiations began between culture In 2008, the ENRS began its first activities
ministers and historians from Austria, under the guidance of the Polish coordinator,
the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Andrzej Przewoźnik (secretary general of
Poland and Slovakia. During the first the Council for the Protection of Struggle and
round-table discussions, it was agreed that Martyrdom Sites), and in cooperation with
the newly created organization would focus other ENRS members.
on the ideologies and totalitarian systems of
In February 2010, the first official Assemblies
power, wars and crimes that all precipitated
Meeting was held in Warsaw and steps were
the tragedies that afflicted Europe in
taken to establish the ENRS Secretariat.
the last century.
This was interrupted in April 2010 by the tragic
On 2 February 2005, the ministers of culture
deaths of Andrzej Przewoźnik and Polish
signed a declaration establishing the ENRS,
Deputy Minister Tomasz Merta in an aeroplane
whose permanent body, the Secretariat,
crash near Smolensk. Both had been initiators
was to be based in Warsaw.
and supporters of the network. Having decided
The document stated: ‘The purpose of to continue their work, the Secretariat of
[the] Network’s activity will be to analyse, the ENRS resumed its activities in Warsaw in
document and propagate the history of late spring 2010. Since then, it has launched
[the] 20th century, a century of wars, totalitarian more than 150 academic, educational and
dictatorships and the suffering of civilian promotional projects.
populations, the victims of wars, persecution,
conquest, forced expulsions and nationalist,
racist and ideologically motivated repression.’
The declaration was signed by Germany,
Hungary, Slovakia and Poland. In 2014,
Romania joined the structure, and today
representatives of five countries as well
as those of the Czech Republic, Austria,
Latvia and Albania sit on the Assemblies:
the ENRS Advisory Board and the Academic
Council. The Steering Committee,
composed of delegates of the ministers
50 51
Assemblies
STEERING COMMITTEE
The Steering Committee is the
ENRS’s top decision-making body.
Its members, ENRS coordinators, are
appointed by the member countries’
ministers of culture or their
Prof. Jan Rydel
Chairman of the ENRS Steering Committee
POL AND
Jan Rydel is a historian whose
research areas are Central and
Eastern Europe and Polish-
German relations in the 19th and
20th centuries. He is the author of Politics
of History in Federal Republic of Germany.
Legacy – Ideas – Practice (2011) and Polish
Dr Réka Földváryné Kiss
HUNGARY
Réka Földváryné Kiss, PhD
(2009), is a historian, the chair
of the Hungarian Committee
of National Remembrance and
the mother of two children. She studied in
Hungary, Denmark and Scotland. Later, from
2000 to 2014, she worked for the Institute of
Ethnology, Research Centre for the Humanities
Dr Ján Pálffy
SLOVAKIA
Dr Ján Pálffy graduated from
the Department of Archiving
and Auxiliary Sciences in
History in the Faculty of Arts at
Comenius University and from the Department
of Architecture in the Faculty of Architecture
at the Slovak University of Technology in
Bratislava. He has received fellowships from
ADVISORY BOARD
The Advisory Board draws its
members from among prominent
representatives of the worlds
of learning, culture and politics
in ENRS member countries and
in countries that are not yet
Markus Meckel
Chairman of the Advisory Board
GERMANY
Markus Meckel is a German
politician (SPD), who was
a member of the German
Bundestag from 1990 to
2009. He grew up in East Germany (the
German Democratic Republic/GDR), is an
evangelical priest and has been a member of
counterparts. Each member country Occupation of North Western Germany. 1945– at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the University of Regensburg (Germany) and the opposition since the 1970s. From 1988
is represented by one person or, 1948. An Unknown Chapter in Polish-German where she became senior research fellow in the Graz University of Technology (Austria).
full members but are interested to 1990, he headed an ecumenical education
on occasion, by two. In either case,
Relations (2000, German edition 2003). Until 2012. Földváryné Kiss was elected chair of He used to be a lecturer in the Faculty of in participating. The board’s and meeting centre for the Evangelical Church
2010, he was a researcher and professor at the Committee of National Remembrance Architecture at the Slovak University of near Magdeburg. In 1989, he initiated the
each country has only one vote. the Jagiellonian University, and he is currently by the National Assembly of Hungary on Technology. He later worked as an editor of
principal responsibilities founding of the Social Democratic Party in
The Steering Committee makes a professor at the Pedagogical University of 3 February 2014. As guest lecturer, she Radio Slovakia International for Slovak Radio are commenting on the overall the GDR and became its deputy chairman.
Kraków. Between 2001 and 2005, he headed took part in the Historical Anthropology and as a spokesman for Slovakia’s Ministry of He sat at the Central Round Table and, after
decisions regarding the ENRS’s the Office of Culture, Science and Information programme of the Department of Cultural Construction and Regional Development and
directions of the ENRS’s medium- free elections, was a parliamentary deputy
strategy and projects. at the Polish Embassy in Berlin. Since 2008, he History of the Faculty of Humanities at Eötvös for the National Memory Institute (NMI). He and long-term development and and foreign minister (April–August 1990).
has been Poland’s representative on the board Loránd University in Budapest. She has also also served as the director of the Secretariat He took part in the 2 + 4 talks that led to
representing the network in its
of the Polish-German Foundation for Sciences. worked for the Department of Contemporary of Chairman of the NMI and worked in the German unification. Meckel is the German
He is a voluntary custodian of the Rydlówka History and at the PhD School of European Scientific Research Section. Slovakia’s member countries chairman of the Foundation for Polish-German
Manor Museum of Young Poland in Kraków. Ethnology. Földváryné Kiss’s main research National Council elected Dr Pálffy to the and elsewhere. Cooperation and chairman of the Federal
areas are relations between the Church and Board of Directors of the NMI in 2016. Since Reconciliation Foundation in Germany. The
the Hungarian state during the communist January 2018, he has been a deputy chairman winner of several German and European
period, retaliations and political trials after of the Board of Directors of the NMI and has awards, from 2013 to 2016 he was president of
Dr Florin Abraham the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and social also served as head of the PR and Marketing the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge
ROMANIA
history post-1945. The author, co-author or Department of the Bratislava Water Company. e.V., an association that maintains and cares
Dr Florin Abraham is a historian editor of 10 books and some 80 scientific for war graves. He has been chairman of the
and senior researcher at the articles, she is a member of the ENRS Steering Advisory Committee of the ENRS since 2015.
National Institute for the Committee and coordinates the Hungarian He was a member of the ENRS Assemblies
Prof. Matthias Weber till March 2019.
Study of Totalitarianism and party in the ENRS.
GERMANY
a lecturer in political science in the Faculty
of Communication, National School of Matthias Weber is a historian
Political Science and Public Administration and German studies scholar.
Since May 2004, he has
Ján Budaj
in Bucharest. He is the author of four books,
SLOVAKIA
most recently Romania Since the Second World served as the director of the
War: A Political, Social and Economic History Federal Institute for Culture and History of Ján Budaj is a politician
(London, New York: Bloomsbury Academic, the Germans in Eastern Europe in Oldenburg. and in 1989 was one of the
2016). He is the co-author of five other books, He was awarded his post-doctoral degree in founders of the Public against
including The Encyclopedia of the Communist contemporary and German regional history by Violence movement. During
Regime in Romania, in four volumes. In 2016, the University of Oldenburg. Since 1999, he has communism, he was an active member of the
he received an ‘Academic Merit’ diploma, the been an associate professor. His main areas cultural and political opposition. Between
highest academic distinction awarded by the of research are the history of Silesia, early 1971 and 1989, Budaj was interrogated and
Romanian Academy. modern history, the Habsburg monarchy and imprisoned many times; he was also expelled
German regional history. He is a member of from university, where he studied maths and
the Silesian Historical Commission and of the physics, and from 1976 to 1989 he worked
J.G. Herder Research Council, which supports as a stoker. He was a co-author of the 1987
research on the social and cultural history of book Bratislava/ nahlas [Bratislava/aloud],
Eastern Europe. which was an important step against the
regime in Slovakia. In November 1989, Budaj
52 53
became a representative of Public against Prof. Josef Höchtl Sandra Kalniete Dr Zoltán Maruzsa Gentiana Sula Prof. Kazimierz Michał
Violence, and later he was its first chairman, AUSTRIA L AT VIA HUNGARY ALBANIA Ujazdowski
leading the movement to victory in the 1990 POL AND
elections. Between 1991 and 1993, Budaj was Professor Dr Josef Höchtl is Sandra Kalniete was among Dr Zoltán Maruzsa is a historian, Gentiana Sula is the head of the
an independent publicist and publisher. He an economist, social scientist, the founders and leaders of political scientist and expert in newly created Albanian Authority Kazimierz Michał Ujazdowski
returned to politics in the 1990s. In 1997 and politician and member of the Popular Front of Latvia, German and Austrian history. for Access to Information on is a university professor and a
1998, he was one of the main organizers of Austria’s Christian Democratic the movement that restored From 2012 to 2015, he was ex-Sigurimi Files. Previously she politician, serving as a member
the movement for Slovakia’s admittance to Party (ÖVP). Beginning in 1971, he worked at Latvia’s independence in 1990. Between 1993 deputy state secretary for higher education in was the deputy minister of social welfare and of the European Parliament.
NATO, the European Union and the defence the University of Economics in Vienna, and and 2002, she served as an ambassador to the Ministry of Human Resources in Hungary, youth, where she had a considerable role in He holds a PhD and a habilitation in law from
of democracy and constitutionality. After his since 1997, he has worked at the Ministry for the UN, France and UNESCO. After serving as and between 2015 and 2017, he was the advancing the country’s agenda of coming to the University of Łódź. His academic work
electoral victory in 1998, he became chairman Education, Science and Research and, in some foreign minister of Latvia (2002–2004), she president of the Educational Authority and a terms with the communist past. This included focuses on 20th-century Polish political
of the Committee for Culture and Media (1998– years, for Culture (as special commissioner was appointed the first Latvian commissioner ministerial commissioner. Since March 2017, improving the redressing mechanism for ex- thought and constitutional issues. His books
2002). He later focused on environmental for bilateral and multilateral matters). He was of the European Union in 2004. Since 2009, he has been the deputy state secretary in the political prisoners and their families, preparing include Geneza i tożsamość Konstytucji V
policy and, since 2006, has worked in the a member of the Austrian Parliament (as an she has been a member of the European same ministry. Dr Maruzsa has worked at a road map for recovering people who Republiki Francuskiej [The Origins and Identity
municipality of Bratislava. ÖVP deputy) for nearly 25 years, and he has Parliament, where, among other duties, she the Eötvös József College, Baja, and he has disappeared during the dictatorship, as well as of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic of
held various chairman functions in Austria and is chair of the Reconciliation of European been teaching, since 2008, at Eötvös Loránd leading the work to ensure access to the files France] (OMP 2013). From a family with a long
internationally. Within the ÖVP, he has served Histories group. Kalniete has written several University in Budapest. His research interests of the secret police during the dictatorship, a tradition in politics, Ujazdowski has played an
as a spokesman for educational politics, books, including With Dance Shoes in Siberian include the history of Germany and Austria law that Albania approved in spring 2015. She active role in public life since the early 1980s.
Dr Stephan Eisel human rights and sport. For many years, Snows, the story of her family’s exile in Siberia, during the Cold War and general 20th-century also managed important projects for the World He was arrested in 1982 and convicted for
GERMANY he was a member of the party’s Executive which can be seen as a microcosm of the history. Bank and UNICEF related to human resource distributing leaflets opposing martial law.
Stephan Eisel studied political Committee. He has served as vice president of Soviet repressions endured by the Latvian development. During his studies at the Law Faculty in Łódź,
science, history and music; the European Union of Christian Democratic people in the 20th century. The book has been Ujazdowski joined the opposition movement
Workers and president of the Austrian League translated into no fewer than 13 languages. Young Poland (Ruch Młodej Polski). He also
from 1983 to 1992, he was Chancellor Helmut
for Human Rights. Furthermore, Dr Höchtl is
Prof. Marcela Sălăgean edited the magazine Prześwit [Clearance],
Kohl’s speechwriter and deputy director of
president of the Austrian Society for Better
ROMANIA Prof. László Szarka which was published and distributed secretly in
his personal office; from 1992 to 2007, he was HUNGARY
International Understanding. Marcela Sălăgean is a university the former Soviet Union. He was a member of
director of the Political Academy and Political Robert Kostro professor at Babeș-Bolyai parliament in the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth
Education Department of the Konrad Adenauer László Szarka is a historian. After
POL AND
Foundation; between 2007 and 2009, he was University in Cluj-Napoca, studying philosophy at Comenius and seventh terms of the Sejm (parliament).
Robert Kostro is a Polish Faculty of History and University in Bratislava, he Between 2004 and 2005, Ujazdowski held
a member of the Bundestag; from 2008 to Dr Mihail E. Ionescu historian and publicist. In the Philosophy, Department of International worked at the Slovak Academy the post of deputy speaker of the Sejm. He
2014, he was a member of the board of the ROMANIA
Jewish Museum in Berlin. Since 2010, he has 1980s, he joined the opposition Studies and Contemporary History. She is of Sciences, before, in 1977, moving to the was also minister of culture and national
directed the ‘Internet and Democracy’ and ‘Civil Major General Dr Mihail Young Poland Movement (Ruch the author, co-author and coordinator of Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest, heritage twice (2000–2001 and 2005–2007).
Participation’ projects at the Konrad Adenauer E. Ionescu is a historian Młodej Polski). In the 1990s, he worked as 15 volumes and several dozen studies and where he became director of the Research While holding this office, he restored state
Foundation. He is a member of several specialising in military history. a journalist for several journals. He was articles dealing with topics from the field Institute of Ethnic and National Minorities. responsibility for conservation, collaborated on
editorial boards and an editor of several blogs. His professional experience editor of the Kwartalnik Konserwatywny of contemporary history of Romania and From 2001, he was director of the Institute of modern historical policy and established the
His publications include books on democracy, includes the positions of director of the intellectual magazine. international relations. Among the published Historical Studies at the Hungarian Academy of Polish History Museum and the Remembrance
the internet, politics, music and Helmut Kohl. Institute for Political Studies of Defence and volumes are Transilvania în jocul de interese Sciences. Since 2009, he has been the dean of and Future Institute in Wrocław. He is an active
In 1997, Mr Kostro was appointed director of
He was a member of the ENRS Assemblies Military History of the Ministry of National al Marilor Puteri,1940–1947 [Transylvania in the Faculty of Teacher Training at János Selye member of the Committee on Constitutional
the Department of Foreign Relations in the
till March 2019. Defence, and director of the Elie Wiesel the Game of Interests of the Great Powers University in Komárno, Slovakia. Affairs of the European Parliament. Recently,
Office of the Prime Minister. He was later chief
National Institute for Studying the Holocaust in 1940–1947], Cluj-Napoca, ed. Mega, 2013; he has advocated for the independence of the
of staff for the minister of culture. In 2001, he
Romania. He is a member of the International Eugeniu Neculcea, un diplomat regăsit/Eugeniu Constitutional Tribunal and the judiciary.
was appointed deputy director of the Adam
Military History Commission as well as other Neculcea, un diplomate retrouvé, Cluj-Napoca,
Mickiewicz Institute and commissioner-
international academic forums. He was the Institutul Cultural Român, Centrul de Studii
general of the Europalia 2001 Polska festival.
vice-president of the International Commission Transilvane, 2006; The Soviet Administration in
He has been the founding director of the Polish
for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania. His Northern Transylvania (November 1944–March
History Museum since it opened in 2006. He
40 monographs and scientific studies include 1945), East European Monographs, Boulder,
is a member of advisory boards of several
Romanians in the Great War. 1915 and Black Columbia University Press, New York, 2002.
cultural institutions, including Ossolineum,
Sea. From the Byzantine Lake to the Challenges
the European Solidarity Centre and the Ulma
of the 21st Century.
Family Museum. He has published articles
in numerous periodicals, including Życie,
Rzeczpospolita, Gazeta Wyborcza, Więż
and Przegląd Polityczny. He is the co-editor
of a collection of essays entitled Pamięć i
odpowiedzialność, which deals with
the politics of memory.
54 55
Prof. Attila Pók Prof. Constantin Hlihor Prof. Csaba Gy. Kiss Prof. Andrzej Nowak Prof. Dariusz Stola
ACADEMIC COUNCIL Chairman of the ENRS Academic Council ROMANIA HUNGARY POL AND POL AND
HUNGARY
Professor Constantin Hlihor Prof. Csaba Gy. Kiss is a political Professor Andrzej Nowak is Professor Dariusz Stola is a
The Academic Council is made up historian, a professor at the
Professor Attila Pók is the is a researcher with a special scientist and cultural and literary a Polish historian, publicist and
of prominent historians and social deputy director of the Institute interest in the history of the 20th historian who compares Central professor of humanities. He is Institute of Political Studies of
of History, Research Centre for century, geopolitics and the European literatures through an a professor at the Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences
scientists. Its principal tasks
the Humanities at the Hungarian history of international relations. He holds an examination of myths and national symbols. History of Jagiellonian University and is the and the director of the Polin Museum of the
include suggesting areas of ENRS Academy of Sciences; vice president of the honorary degree from the Ovidius University of Currently a lecturer at the University of Warsaw head of the History of Russia and Eastern History of Polish Jews. He has served on the
boards of several Polish and international
research and educational activities, Hungarian Historical Association; and a senior Constanta. (Department of Hungarian Studies), he co- Europe Section at the Institute of History at the
researcher at the Institute of Advanced Study founded the Hungarian Democratic Forum Polish Academy of Sciences. institutions for education and research
reviewing proposals for scholarly in Kőszeg. Professor Pók used to teach at the
He is the author of 17 books and more than
in 1987, later becoming its vice president in contemporary history, including the
150 articles and studies. His most recent Professor Nowak has lectured as a visiting
projects, representing the ENRS Institute of European Studies in Vienna and has
books are Romania and the geopolitical shocks
(1990) and a board member (1989–93). He is a
professor at several universities in the
International Auschwitz Council, the Institute
been a recurring visiting professor of history member of joint Polish-Hungarian and Slovak- for Human Sciences in Vienna, Warsaw
at conferences, congresses and at Columbia University in New York since 1999.
of the Cold War (2016) and Revolution and
Hungarian Commissions of Historians and a
United States (Columbia University, Harvard
University’s Centre for Migration Research and
Transition to Romanians in a Short Century: University, Rice University and the University
scholarly meetings, and evaluating His scholarly interests include 19th- and 20th-
1918-1989 (2017).
guest lecturer at the Universities of Zagreb,
of Virginia), the United Kingdom (University
the History Meeting House in Warsaw.
century European and Hungarian political and Nitra, Prague and Warsaw.
the network’s scholarly activities. intellectual history, 19th- and 20th-century
of Cambridge), Canada (University of Toronto,
Simon Fraser University, McGill University
European historical writing, the theory
and the University of Alberta), as well as the Acad. Răzvan Theodorescu
and methodology of history and the history Viliam Jablonický Prof. Róbert Letz University College Dublin, Masaryk University ROMANIA
of nationalism. SLOVAKIA
SLOVAKIA in Brno, Collegium Civitas in Warsaw and the
Acad. Răzvan Theodorescu is an
Viliam Jablonický is an editor, University of Tokyo.
Professor Róbert Letz is art historian and a member of the
journalist, art critic and cultural
a historian and a professor His main research interests include cultural Romanian Academy. He has held
Prof. Peter Haslinger historian. A graduate of the
in the Faculty of Education at and political history and political thought in the following positions: president
GERMANY Faculty of Arts at Comenius
Comenius University in Bratislava Eastern and Central Europe in the 19th and of Romanian Radio Television, minister of
University in Bratislava, he edited the culture
Peter Haslinger is a historian and specializing in the 20th-century history of 20th centuries, international relations and culture and religious affairs (2000–2004)
and literature section in the daily Hlas ľudu
expert on Slavic and Hungarian culture, politics and religion in Slovakia. He policies on European historical memory. He and rector of the National Art University of
[The People’s Voice], 1973–79; Revue svetovej
studies. Since 2007, he has studied history and philosophy in Bratislava, is considered one of the top Polish experts on Bucharest, among others. He is a member of
literatúry [World Literature Review], 1979;
worked as the director of the and he worked at the Slovak Academy of past and present Polish–Russian relations. numerous international academic forums and
Film a divadlo [Film and Theatre], 1979–1991;
Herder Institute of Historical Research on East- Sciences in 1991–92. Since 1992, he has Professor Nowak is the author of more than has received numerous awards and honours. In
Slovenský denník [Slovak Daily], 1991; Most
Central Europe in Marburg, and simultaneously worked in the Faculty of Education at Comenius 30 books and some 200 historical articles, 1993, he was awarded the Herder Prize.
[Bridge; quarterly about Slovak culture],
as a professor of Eastern and Central University. He obtained his professor’s title studies, reviews and interviews.
1997–2000; and Verejná správa [Public He is the author of several books and
European History at the Historical Institute of in 2003 at Trnava University in Trnava. He is
Report], 2002–2004. From 2009 to 2012, he numerous articles, including Romanian
Justus Liebig University, Gießen, and at the currently the head of the History Department
was secretary of the Slovak PEN Centre, and he People’s Civilisation from Medieval Age
interdisciplinary Gießen East European Centre. in the Faculty of Education at Comenius
is a long-time member of the editorial board of to Modernity. The Horizon of the Image
Since 2014, he has taken part in a fellowship University. He is the chairman of the editorial
the journal Svedectvo [Testimony]. Jablonický (1550–1800), Roumains et Balkaniques dans
at the Imre Kertész College in Jena. He is board of the journals Pamäť národa [National
has taught the history of culture and film at la Civilization sud-est européenes and many
also vice president of the Advisory Board of Memory] and Verbum historiae. He has
schools and universities in Bratislava and others.
the Georg Eckert Institute for International published history textbooks, chronological
Trnava. He is author and co-author of about
Textbook Research. In 2012, he received guides to Slovak history and monographs
50 books on the history of cinema and art,
an anniversary medal commemorating the and studies about Slovak individuals, anti-
Slovak intellectuals, and cultural, historical
bicentennary of the University of Wrocław. His communist resistance, the persecution of
and international connections to Slovakia. The
most significant publications include: Nation Christians and justice in communist regimes.
documentary films he has co-authored include
und Territorium im tschechischen politischen
Papierové hlavy [Paper Heads], 1995, directed
Diskurs 1880–1938 [Nation and Territory in
by Dušan Hanák; Ľudia z Hauerlandu [People
Polish-Czech Discourse 1880–1938], Hundert
of Hauerland], 1992; and Prežili sme gulag [We
Jahre Nachbarschaft. Die Beziehungen
Survived the Gulag], 2008.
zwischen Österreich und Ungarn 1895–1994
[A Hundred Years of Neighbourhood:
The Relations between Austria and Hungary
1895–1994], Der ungarische Revisionismus
und das Burgenland 1922–1932 [Hungarian
Revisionism and the Burgenland 1922–1932].
56 57
Prof. Stefan Troebst ENRS TEAM Rafał Rogulski Projects Department Communication
GERMANY Director of the ENRS Institute and PR Department
Joanna Orłoś
Prof. Stefan Troebst is a historian
The ENRS team POL AND Head of department Małgorzata
[email protected]
and Slavicist. He has been is responsible Rafał Rogulski studied cultural Feusette-Czyżewska
an assistant and associate and political science at the Marek Dąbkowski Head of department
for coordinating
[email protected] Media relations
professor of history at the Free Universities of Wrocław and
[email protected]
University in Berlin (1984–92), a member of the Network’s Marburg, and participated in Karolina Dziełak
[email protected] Jagna Jaworowska
the missions of the Organization for Security the Executive MBA programme at the Polish
activities and Digital communication
and Co-operation in Europe to Macedonia and Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. He was an Annemarie Franke, PhD
[email protected]
Moldova (1992–95), and founding director carrying out its assistant and then an advisor to Professor
[email protected]
Szymon Majcherowicz
of the Danish-German European Centre for projects. Władysław Bartoszewski, first at the Polish Madeleine Hartmann Media relations
Minority Issues in Flensburg (1996–98). Since Robert Schuman Foundation and the Ministry
[email protected] [email protected]
1999, he has been professor of East European of Foreign Affairs (1998–2001) and later
Weronika Kann
Cultural History at Leipzig University and at the Chancellery of the Prime Minister of
[email protected]
deputy director of the Leipzig Centre for the Poland (2008–12). From 2001 to 2005, he
Agnieszka Mazur-Olczak Strategy
History and Culture of East-Central Europe. was secretary of the Culture Department
[email protected] and Development
He was a member of the ENRS Assemblies till at the Polish Embassy in Berlin. In the late
March 2019. Maria Naimska Department
1990s, Rogulski worked as a journalist
[email protected]
for the daily Życie [Life] and the bimonthly Iga Raczyńska
journal Europa. In 2010, Ministers Tomasz Marianna Sadownik Head of department
[email protected] [email protected]
Merta and Andrzej Przewoźnik entrusted him
Dr Oldřich Tůma Maria-Philippa Wieckowski
with the creation and management of the Gábor Danyi
CZECH REPUBLIC
[email protected] [email protected]
ENRS Secretariat, which in 2015 became the
Dr Oldřich Tůma is Director of the Institute of European Network Remembrance Zhanna Vrublevska Beata Drzazga
Institute of Contemporary History and Solidarity.
[email protected] [email protected]
at the Academy of Sciences of Ewelina Pękała
the Czech Republic. One of the (currently on leave)
most renowned Czech historians focusing on
Kamilla Rejmer Administration
the post-war history of Czechoslovakia, his (currently on leave) Department
recent work deals with analysis of totalitarian
regimes and how they functioned. At the Wojciech Pazik
Institute of Contemporary History, he has Head of department
Academic Department
[email protected]
supervised numerous oral history projects that
aim to reconstruct historical memory of the Małgorzata Pakier, PhD Marika Dunaj
Head of department Office coordinator
period after 1948 in Czechoslovakia.
[email protected]
[email protected]
Bartosz
Dziewanowski-Stefańczyk, PhD
Deputy head of department Accountancy
[email protected]
Bożena Gwiazda
Ewelina Szpak, PhD Head Accountant
[email protected]
Małgorzata Cieśluk
Antoni Zakrzewski Accountant
[email protected]
The ENRS would also like
to thank its 2018 interns:
Catalina Vrabie
Jolinke Golbach
Maria Josepa
Cusidó Fàbregas
Paula Reinhardt
58 59
The European Network EDITORIAL TEAM
Remembrance and Jagna Jaworowska – main editor
Solidarity is a project of Szymon Majcherowicz
the following ministries: Malgorzata Feusette-Czyżewska
PHOTOGRAPHS
Archive of European Network
Remembrance and Solidarity;
Photos by: Leontína Berková
Vanja Cerimagic
Krzysztof Dobrogowski
Weronika Kann
Bas Losekoot
Alex Spineanu
Dominik Tryba
Marcin Oliva Soto
Edu Van Gelder
Agnieszka Wanat
ISBN 978-83-942078-6-1
LAYOUT DESIGN
Małgorzata Jurko
019
020
European Network Remembrance and Solidarity (ENRS)
was created by the ministers of culture of Germany, Hungary,
Poland, and Slovakia. In 2014 Romania joined the Network. Austria,
the Czech Republic and Albania are the observer countries.
The purpose of the ENRS is to document and promote the study of
20th-century history and how it is remembered. Our fields of
interest centre on dictatorial regimes, wars and resistance to
oppression. We implement our own projects, as well as support,
in terms of content and financing, actions of institutions,
nongovernmental organisations and research centers, which
concentrate on memory studies. The Network’s activities contribute
to building better relations between European societies through
discussing our common past.
Lp Tõnis Saar
Justiitsministeerium
[email protected] 18.10.2019 nr 9-7/1775-2
Euroopa Mälu ja Solidaarsuse Võrgustiku
visiit Eestisse
Austatud härra kantsler
Poola Suursaatkond edastas Kultuuriministeeriumile Euroopa Mälu ja Solidaarsuse Võrgustiku
(European Network Remembrance and Solidarity – ENRS) kirja, milles ENRS teatab, et neil on
kavas korraldada 22.–23. oktoobril 2019 õppereis Eestisse. Nende soov on arutada võimalusi
edasise koostöö arendamiseks Eestiga, eesmärgiga, et 20. sajandi totalitaarsete režiimide ohvrite
mälestus ei kaoks unustuse hõlma. Kuna ENRS on viimastel aastatel osalenud
Justiitsministeeriumi ja Eesti Inimõiguste Instituudi korraldatud vastavateemalistel üritustel,
võiks meie hinnangul ENRS alustada koostööläbirääkimisi Justiitsministeeriumiga.
Lugupidamisega
(allkirjastatud digitaalselt)
Hillar Sein
kunstide asekantsler
kantsleri ülesannetes
Lisad: 1. ENRSi kiri 2 lehel
2. ENRSi kataloog 33 lehel
Madis Järv 628 2256
[email protected]
Suur-Karja 23/ 15076 Tallinn/ 628 2222/
[email protected]/ www.kultuuriministeerium.ee/ Registrikood 70000941