UN-WATER GLOBAL ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER (GLAAS)
The GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
About the GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
The GLAAS country survey asks for information on the delivery of drinking-water supply and sanitation services as
well as the status of hand hygiene activities. Questions in the survey focus on governance, monitoring, finance and
human resources and cover topics required for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) monitoring. Information
gathered in this survey will be presented as part of the UN-Water GLAAS 2022 results. For more information about
GLAAS, please refer to:
https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/monitoring-and-
evidence/wash-systems-monitoring/un-water-global-analysis-and-assessment-of-sanitation-and-drinking-water
The survey is organized in the following way:
Section A on governance
Section B on monitoring
Section C on human resources
Section D on finance
Questions include multiple choice and brief narratives.
For specific guidance on the GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey questions, please read the GLAAS 2021/2022 survey
guidance carefully and refer to it when needed. The survey guidance provides information on the GLAAS 2021/2022
cycle, the GLAAS country process, general survey instructions, as well as specific information on filling out the
survey. Before beginning the GLAAS country survey, and throughout the process, countries should review and refer to
the survey guidance document, including the glossary which provides definitions for specific terms. Terms used in the
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector and their usage can vary by country. The glossary is therefore an
essential reference to avoid misinterpretations.
The GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey is provided as a fillable PDF form. It is highly recommended that the form be
used with an updated version of Adobe Acrobat Reader DC. A free version of Adobe Acrobat Reader can be
downloaded at: https://get.adobe.com/reader/. The country survey should be completed on the desktop version of
Adobe Reader and should not be filled out on a web browser version. The PDF can be saved and the respondent can
return to it as needed: it is not necessary to fill out the entire survey in one sitting. Please save the PDF at regular
intervals. If the PDF is not saved, responses will be lost.
If multiple respondents in the country provide information in several GLAAS survey forms, please note that the
GLAAS national focal person is responsible for compiling and reconciling all responses into one final country
submission in a single PDF survey form before sending to the GLAAS team at WHO.
For any questions on GLAAS, on the process or on the survey content, please contact the WHO regional office and
the GLAAS team at
[email protected].
Please return completed surveys to the WHO regional focal point and to
[email protected] by 1 April 2022.
i
WHO policy on the use and sharing of data collected by WHO in Member States
Data are the basis for all sound public health actions and the benefits of data-sharing are widely recognized, including
scientific and public health benefits. Whenever possible, the World Health Organization (WHO) wishes to promote the
sharing of health data, including but not restricted to surveillance and epidemiological data.
As used in this data collection tool, the term "Data provider" means a duly authorized representative of the governmental
body with authority to release health data of the country to WHO (i.e. the Ministry of Health or other responsible
governmental authority). The recipient of this data collection tool is responsible for ensuring that he/she is the Data
provider, or for providing this data collection tool to the Data provider.
In this connection, and without prejudice to information sharing and publication pursuant to legally binding instruments,
by providing data to WHO, the Data provider:
confirms that all data to be supplied to WHO (including but not limited to the types listed in Table 11) hereunder
have been collected in accordance with applicable national laws, including data protection laws aimed at
protecting the confidentiality of identifiable persons;
agrees that WHO shall be entitled, subject always to measures to ensure the ethical and secure use of the data,
and subject always to an appropriate acknowledgement of the country:
i. to publish the data, stripped of any personal identifiers (such data without personal identifiers being
hereinafter referred to as “the Data”) and make the Data available to any interested party on request (to the
extent they have not, or not yet, been published by WHO) on terms that allow non-commercial, not-for-profit
use of the Data for public health purposes (provided always that publication of the Data shall remain under
the control of WHO);
ii. to use, compile, aggregate, evaluate and analyse the Data and publish and disseminate the results thereof in
conjunction with WHO’s work and in accordance with the Organization’s policies and practices.
Except where data-sharing and publication are required under legally binding instruments (International Health
Regulations (2005), WHO Nomenclature Regulations 1967, etc.), the Data provider may in respect of certain data opt out
of (any part of) the above, by notifying WHO thereof in writing at the following address, provided that any such
notification shall clearly identify the data in question and clearly indicate the scope of the opt-out (in reference to the
above), and provided that specific reasons shall be given for the opt-out.
Director, Quality Assurance of Norms and Standards Department
World Health Organization
20, avenue Appia
1211 Geneva
Switzerland
☐ I have read and agree with the terms and conditions. For more information on the WHO Data Policy,
please refer to: https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/data-policy
Please note that the box above must be checked in order to proceed.
1
Please see Table 1 in the GLAAS 2021/2022 survey guidance document.
ii
1. CONTACT INFORMATION: To ensure the most accurate data, WHO recommends that the national focal person coordinate the collection and reporting of your government’s responses to
the survey. Please indicate the national focal person for GLAAS and the persons responsible for compiling responses for the various focal areas of this survey.
Please ensure that you are using Adobe Acrobat Reader DC. A free version of Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded at: https://get.adobe.com/reader/. Save the PDF at regular intervals.
Country:
Provide only one contact person per row.
First name Phone number Ministry/
Last name (surname)
(given name) of Email address (including country Job title Department/
of respondent
respondent code) Organization
GLAAS national focal person
Person responsible for compiling responses in the following areas:
Sanitation
Wastewater (if different from sanitation
above)
Drinking-water
Hand hygiene
WASH finance
WASH in health care facilities
WASH in schools
Drinking-water regulator
Wastewater regulator
Water resources management
Other area (please specify):
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
Section A: Governance
This section of the survey examines policies, plans and targets supporting the provision of water, sanitation and hand
hygiene. The section also examines the existence of regulatory frameworks, coordination mechanisms, roles and
responsibilities of government, and user and community participation in WASH.
Please consult the survey guidance for important information on the questions in Section A.
HUMAN RIGHTS TO WATER AND SANITATION
A1. Does the constitution or other law recognize water and/or sanitation as human rights?
Water Sanitation
Yes No Yes No
a. Constitution or other law
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If yes, what year (YYYY) was the
right recognized in the
constitution or law?
ii. Provide an excerpt of the text
where the right is recognized in
the constitution or law and the
title of the law (if applicable).
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
NATIONAL REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
A2. To what extent do regulations or standards exist for drinking-water, sanitation and wastewater, and WASH in health care facilities?
Drinking-water
Urban Rural
a. Are national drinking-water quality standards (i.e. parameters and limits/log
reductions) or equivalent in place? ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
i. If yes, provide the name of the standard
ii. Provide the year of the standard (YYYY)
iii. Provide a link or attach a copy
b. Besides drinking-water quality, are national regulations or standards in place for
drinking-water service delivery requirements (e.g. continuity, cost, etc.)? ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ Yes ☐ No
i. If yes, provide the name of the standard
ii. Provide the year of the standard (YYYY)
iii. Provide a link or attach a copy
Sanitation and wastewater
Toilets, containment and conveyance If yes, provide the name of the standard or
c. Yes No Year (YYYY)
Are national regulations, standards or guidelines in place for any of the following: guidelines. Provide a link or attach a copy.
i. Minimum requirements for toilets (e.g. in planning and building
regulations, technical standards or guidelines, consumer protections) ☐ ☐
ii. Minimum requirements for containment and on-site treatment (e.g. for
pits and septic tanks through planning and building regulations, technical ☐ ☐
standards or guidelines, consumer protections)
iii. Minimum requirements for emptying and conveyance (e.g. through utility
regulation covering sewer networks) ☐ ☐
iv. Minimum requirements for emptying and conveyance (e.g. though
licencing of faecal sludge management service providers) ☐ ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A2. (Continued from previous page)
d. Treatment and disposal/use
If yes, provide the name of the standard (or clarify if individual consents
Yes No Year (YYYY)
Are national regulations, standards or guidelines in place for the are issued). Provide a link or attach a copy.
following:
i. Technologies for treatment in on-site sanitation systems ☐ ☐
ii. Faecal sludge treatment* ☐ ☐
iii. Wastewater treatment* ☐ ☐
iv. Safe use of treated wastewater and/or sludge* ☐ ☐
* or in lieu of national standards, individual consents for wastewater treatment plants, and faecal sludge treatment plants discharges and for safe use applications of wastewater and sludge
e. Sanitation workers
Are national laws or regulations in place to ensure the health and If yes, provide the name of the legislation or regulation. Provide a link or
Yes No Year (YYYY)
attach a copy.
safety of any of the following sanitation workers:
i. Toilet cleaners (i.e. hired workers cleaning in public or
domestic settings) ☐ ☐
ii. Faecal sludge emptying, transport and treatment workers ☐ ☐
iii. Sewage and wastewater treatment plant workers ☐ ☐
WASH in health care facilities
If yes, provide the name of the standard or guidelines. Provide a link or
f. Are national standards or guidelines in place for the following: Yes No Year (YYYY)
attach a copy.
i. WASH in health care facilities ☐ ☐
ii. Health care waste management ☐ ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
A3. Existence of risk management approaches: Are the following risk management approaches included in policies
and/or regulations or used in national WASH planning?
If included in policies/regulations,
Is the risk assessment/ Please provide the name, year and
risk management link (if available) to the
approach promoted or policy/regulations.
required?
a. Water safety plans (WSP)
or equivalent approach for
urban areas in
☐ Not included ☐ Promoted
policies/regulations
2
☐ Included in policies /regulations ☐ Required
b. Water safety plans (WSP)
or equivalent approach for
☐ Not included ☐ Promoted
rural areas in
policies/regulations
2
☐ Included in policies/regulations ☐ Required
c. Sanitation safety plans
(SSP) for local-level risk ☐ Not included ☐ Promoted
assessment and
management ☐ Included in policies/regulations ☐ Required
d. WHO Guidelines on
3
Sanitation and Health
(2018) used for national ☐ Guidelines not used If used, please
planning describe how they
☐ Guidelines used in national
have been used:
planning
e. Climate change
preparedness approaches If used, please
for WASH used in national ☐ Approach not used describe how the
planning approach has been
☐ Approach used in national used in national
planning
planning.
2
For water safety plans, technical guidance (such as how-to manuals) should not be counted, only formalized policy/regulatory instruments that drive
implementation.
3
WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health (2018) available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274939/9789241514705-eng.pdf
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A4. Implementing risk management approaches: To what extent is the risk assessment/risk management approach
implemented in your country?
a. Water safety planning Approximate number
(WSP) or equivalent ☐ Not implemented of urban WSPs
implemented
approach for urban areas ☐ Implementation at just a few pilot or Approximate total
model sites number of urban
☐ Implementation at a significant scale drinking-water supply
systems in country
b. Water safety planning Approximate number
(WSP) or equivalent ☐ Not implemented of rural WSPs
implemented
approach for rural areas ☐ Implementation at just a few pilot or Approximate total
model sites number of rural
☐ Implementation at a significant scale drinking-water supply
systems in country
c. Sanitation safety planning Number of local
(SSP) for local-level risk ☐ Not implemented administrative units
4
assessment and implementing SSPs
☐ Implementation at just a few pilot or
management
model sites Total number of local
4
☐ Implementation at a significant scale administrative units in
country
d. Water and Sanitation for Number of health care
Health Facility ☐ Not implemented facilities implementing
Improvement Tool WASH FIT
(WASH FIT) or similar risk- ☐ Implementation at just a few pilot or
based improvement tool model sites
Total number of health
for WASH in health care ☐ Implementation at a significant scale care facilities in
facilities country
e. Climate change Number of local
4
administrative units
preparedness approaches ☐ Not implemented implementing climate
for local-level risk change preparedness
assessment and ☐ Implementation at just a few pilot or approaches
management of WASH model sites
Total number of local
☐ Implementation at a significant scale 4
administrative units in
country
4
The local administrative unit is to be determined by the government. Local administrative units are institutional units whose fiscal, legislative and executive
authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes (OECD: ttps://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1550 ).
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
NATIONAL WASH POLICIES AND PLANS
A5I. Urban sanitation policy and plans/ strategies
To what extent does a national policy and implementation plan/strategy exist for urban sanitation? See the survey
guidance for definitions of ‘policy’ and ‘plan/strategy’.
a. Urban sanitation policy status National policy National policy
No national Existing policy
under formally
(choose one): policy under revision
development approved
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a policy exists, provide the
name of the policy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a
copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
b. Urban sanitation plan/strategy No national Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
status (choose one): approved and approved and
implementation under approved, but
being partially being fully
plan/strategy development not implemented
implemented implemented
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a plan/strategy exists,
provide the name of the
plan/strategy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a copy:
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY):
iv. Has the plan/strategy been
costed? Yes ☐ No ☐
If costed, what is the total Currency of the Time period for cost
cost estimate? cost estimate estimate (YYYY to YYYY)
Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of Between 50% and 74%
94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed of what is needed
needed needed
v. Has the plan been supported
with adequate funding to
implement the plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Are there sufficient human
resources to implement the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
plan?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5I. Rural sanitation policy and plans/strategies
To what extent does a national policy and implementation plan/strategy exist for rural sanitation?
c. Rural sanitation policy status National policy National policy
No national Existing policy
under formally
(choose one): policy under revision
development approved
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a policy exists, provide the
name of the policy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a
copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
d. Rural sanitation plan/strategy No national Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
status (choose one): approved and approved and
implementation under approved, but
being partially being fully
plan/strategy development not implemented
implemented implemented
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a plan/strategy exists,
provide the name of the
plan/strategy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
iv. Has the plan/strategy been
costed? Yes ☐ No ☐
If costed, what is the total Currency of the Time period for cost
cost estimate? cost estimate estimate (YYYY to YYYY)
Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of Between 50% and 74%
94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed of what is needed
needed needed
v. Has the plan been supported
with adequate funding to
implement the plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Are there sufficient human
resources to implement the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
plan?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5I. Urban drinking-water policy and plans/strategies
To what extent does a national policy and implementation plan/strategy exist for urban drinking-water?
e. Urban drinking-water policy National policy National policy
No national Existing policy
under formally
status (choose one): policy under revision
development approved
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a policy exists, provide the
name of the policy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a
copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
f. Urban drinking-water No national Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
plan/strategy status (choose approved and approved and
implementation under approved, but
being partially being fully
one): plan/strategy development not implemented
implemented implemented
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a plan/strategy exists,
provide the name of the
plan/strategy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
iv. Has the plan/strategy been
costed? Yes ☐ No ☐
If costed, what is the total Currency of the Time period for cost
cost estimate? cost estimate estimate (YYYY to YYYY)
Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of Between 50% and 74%
94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed of what is needed
needed needed
v. Has the plan been supported
with adequate funding to
implement the plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Are there sufficient human
resources to implement the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
plan?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5I. Rural drinking-water policy and plans/strategies
To what extent does a national policy and implementation plan/strategy exist for rural drinking-water?
g. Rural drinking-water policy National policy National policy
No national Existing policy
under formally
status (choose one): policy under revision
development approved
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a policy exists, provide the
name of the policy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a
copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
h. Rural drinking-water No national Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
plan/strategy status (choose approved and approved and
implementation under approved, but
being partially being fully
one): plan/strategy development not implemented
implemented implemented
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a plan/strategy exists,
provide the name of the
plan/strategy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY):
iv. Has the plan/strategy been
costed? Yes ☐ No ☐
If costed, what is the total Currency of the Time period for cost
cost estimate? cost estimate estimate (YYYY to YYYY)
Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of Between 50% and 74%
94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed of what is needed
needed needed
v. Has the plan been supported
with adequate funding to
implement the plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Are there sufficient human
resources to implement the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
plan?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5I. WASH in schools policy and plans/strategies
To what extent does a national policy and implementation plan/strategy exist for WASH in schools?
i. WASH in schools policy status National policy National policy
No national Existing policy
under formally
(choose one): policy under revision
development approved
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a policy exists, provide the
name of the policy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a
copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
j. WASH in schools plan/strategy No national Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
status (choose one): approved and approved and
implementation under approved, but
being partially being fully
plan/strategy development not implemented
implemented implemented
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a plan/strategy exists,
provide the name of the
plan/strategy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
iv. Has the plan/strategy been
costed? Yes ☐ No ☐
If costed, what is the cost Currency of the Time period for cost
estimate for activities cost estimate estimate (YYYY to YYYY)
related to WASH in
schools?
Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of Between 50% and 74%
94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed of what is needed
needed needed
v. Has the plan been supported
with adequate funding to
implement the plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Are there sufficient human
resources to implement the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
plan?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5I. WASH in health care facilities policy and plans/ strategies
To what extent does a national policy and implementation plan/strategy exist for WASH in health care facilities?
k. WASH in health care facilities National policy National policy
No national Existing policy
under formally
policy status (choose one): policy under revision
development approved
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a policy exists, provide the
name of the policy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a
copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
l. WASH in health care facilities No national Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
Plan/strategy Plan/strategy
plan/strategy status (choose approved and approved and
implementation under approved, but
being partially being fully
one): plan/strategy development not implemented
implemented implemented
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If a plan/strategy exists,
provide the name of the
plan/strategy.
ii. Provide a link or attach a copy.
iii. Year approved/expected
(YYYY)
iv. Has the plan/strategy been
costed? Yes ☐ No ☐
If costed, what is the cost Currency of the Time period for cost
estimate for activities cost estimate estimate (YYYY to YYYY)
related to WASH in health
care facilities?
Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of Between 50% and 74%
94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed of what is needed
needed needed
v. Has the plan been supported
with adequate funding to
implement the plan? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Are there sufficient human
resources to implement the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
plan?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5II. Content of WASH policies and plans/strategies: Do the WASH policies and/or plans/strategies reported in A5I address any of the following areas?
If yes, which policy(ies) or plan(s) include the measures? Select all that apply.
Urban Rural Urban Rural WASH in WASH in health
If other, provide the name
sanitation sanitation drinking-water drinking-water schools care facility Other
of policy, plan or strategy.
policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan
a. Affordability measures for drinking-water ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Access to safely managed drinking-water supply
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Household connections for drinking-water ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Drinking-water quality ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Affordability measures for sanitation ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Access to safely managed sanitation services
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
☐ Yes ☐ No
g. Open defecation
5
☐ Not applicable
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
h. Faecal sludge management
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Safe use of treated municipal wastewater and
i.
municipal faecal sludge
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
j. Affordability measures for hand hygiene ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
k. Hand hygiene facilities ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
l. Hand hygiene behaviour change activities ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
5
This question is not applicable if your country is open defecation free.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A5II. (Continued from previous page) If yes, which policy(ies) or plan(s) include the measures? Select all that apply.
WASH in
Urban Rural Urban Rural WASH in
health care If other, provide the name
sanitation sanitation drinking-water drinking-water schools Other
facility of policy, plan or strategy:
policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan policy/plan
policy/plan
m. Menstrual health and hygiene (e.g. menstrual
hygiene management) ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
n. Risks of climate variability and climate change to
WASH services ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
o. Climate resilience of WASH technologies and
management systems ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
p. Sustainability of WASH services (e.g. supply of
parts, human resources for operation and ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
maintenance, diversification of water sources)
q. Protections for workers (i.e. health and safety,
employment and pay, freedom of association) ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
r. Performance and efficiency of operators or
service providers (e.g. reducing nonrevenue
water, increased metering, planning for repairs /
☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
replacement)
s. WASH in public places ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
t. Human resources for WASH ☐ Yes ☐ No ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Sanitation Policy Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT): To support countries in their policy development processes and to improve the
monitoring of the content of national sanitation policies, plans and strategies, GLAAS has developed the sanitation Policy Monitoring and
Assessment Tool (PMAT). The PMAT is a tool that supports governments to dive deeper into their sanitation policies, plans and strategies to see
how the documents are aligned with the WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health.
If you would be interested to learn more about the PMAT or complete the PMAT, please contact:
[email protected].
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
WASH IN COVID-19 PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS
A6. COVID-19 preparedness and response plans: Has a COVID-19 preparedness and response plan been developed by
the government, and to what extent does it address WASH?
If yes, please provide the name of the plan.
Yes No
If available, provide a link to the plan or attach a copy.
a. Has the government developed a
COVID-19 preparedness and
response plan?
☐ ☐
If yes:
Does the COVID-19 preparedness and Yes No If yes, please describe how the topic is addressed.
response plan address the following:
i. Hand hygiene behaviour change ☐ ☐
ii. Hand hygiene facilities in health
care facilities ☐ ☐
iii. Hand hygiene facilities in public
places (i.e. markets, ☐ ☐
transportation hubs)
iv. Drinking-water ☐ ☐
v. Sanitation ☐ ☐
vi. WASH in health care facilities ☐ ☐
vii. Health care waste management ☐ ☐
viii. WASH for vulnerable populations ☐ ☐
If yes, please provide the cost estimate.
ix. If the plan addresses WASH, have Cost estimate
the WASH components of the ☐ ☐ Currency
plan been costed?
Time period of
cost estimate
Less than Between 50 and Between 95 and
x. If the plan addresses WASH, have 50% of what 74% of what is
Between 75 and 94%
100% of what is
the WASH components been of what is needed
is needed needed needed
supported by adequate funding to
implement them? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Briefly describe how COVID-19 has affected national WASH plans and programming.
c. What efforts been made to strengthen hand hygiene in policies, plans and strategies as a result of COVID-19?
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
NATIONAL WASH TARGETS
A7I. Sanitation coverage targets National coverage target Urban coverage target Rural coverage target
a. Does your country have coverage targets for national
and/or urban and/or rural sanitation?
☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No
If yes: Target value Target year Target value Target year Target value Target year
i. Target value / target year
ii. Specify what the coverage target measures.
iii. Title and link of policy/plan where target is
established.
b. What types of sanitation facilities are captured in the
target? Provide a description and select all that apply
below.
Toilet and containment Yes No Yes No Yes No
6
i. Use of improved sanitation facilities that are not
shared between two or more households ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Use of shared improved facilities
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. What aspects of service provision along the sanitation
7
service chain are captured in the target? Provide a
description and select all that apply below.
Conveyance Yes No Yes No Yes No
i. Provisions for safe networked sewerage ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Provisions for faecal sludge emptying ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Treatment
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
iii. Provisions for centralized sewage treatment
iv. Provisions for faecal sludge treatment ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
v. Provisions for excreta treatment and disposal on-site ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Disposal/end-use
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vi. Productive use of wastewater and sludge
6
Including flush/pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tanks or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs.
7
See the glossary in the Country Survey Guidance Document for the sanitation service chain.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A7I. (Continued from previous page)
d. Report the baseline and most recent coverage data for National coverage target Urban coverage target Rural coverage target
the sanitation targets described above.
If data are not available, please write ‘Not available’. Value Year Value Year Value Year
i. Baseline value / baseline year
ii. Latest value / latest year of data
iii. Source of the data. If available, provide a link.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A7II. Drinking-water coverage targets National coverage target Urban coverage target Rural coverage target
a. Does your country have coverage targets for ☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No
national and/or urban and/or rural drinking-water?
If yes: Target value Target year Target value Target year Target value Target year
i. Target value / target year
ii. Specify what the coverage target measures.
iii. Title and link of policy/plan where target is
established.
b. What types of drinking-water sources are captured
in the target? Provide a description and indicate
below if improved drinking-water sources are
captured.
i. Use of improved drinking-water sources
8
☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No
c. What aspects of service quality are captured in the
target? Provide a description and select all those that
apply below.
If yes, specify value or
Yes / No If yes, specify value or details: Yes / No Yes / No If yes, specify value or details:
details:
i. Minimum volume of water per day ☐/☐ ☐/☐ ☐/☐
ii. Minimum service hours per day / days per week ☐/☐ ☐/☐ ☐/☐
iii. Maximum roundtrip collection time, including
queuing ☐/☐ ☐/☐ ☐/☐
iv. Maximum roundtrip distance ☐/☐ ☐/☐ ☐/☐
v. Drinking-water must be accessible on premises ☐/☐ ☐/☐ ☐/☐
vi. Drinking-water must be free from faecal and
chemical contamination ☐/☐ ☐/☐ ☐/☐
8
Improved drinking water sources are those that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, and include: piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater,
and packaged or delivered water.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A7II. (Continued from previous page)
National coverage target Urban coverage target Rural coverage target
d. Report the baseline and most recent coverage data
for the drinking-water targets described above. Value Year Value Year Value Year
If data are not available, please write ‘Not available’.
i. Baseline value / baseline year
ii. Latest value / latest year of data
iii. Source of the data. If available, provide a link.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A7III. Hand hygiene coverage targets National coverage target Urban coverage target Rural coverage target
a. Does your country have targets for national and/or urban ☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No ☐ Yes ☐No
and/or rural hand hygiene?
If yes: Target value Target year Target value Target year Target value Target year
i. Target value / target year
ii. Specify what the coverage target measures.
iii. Title and link of policy/plan where target is
established.
b. What types of hand hygiene facilities and requirements
are captured in the target? Provide a description and
select all that apply below.
Yes No Yes No Yes No
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
9
i. Handwashing facilities must be available on premises
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
10
ii. Soap and water must be available on premises
c. Report the baseline and most recent coverage data for
the hand hygiene target described above. Value Year Value Year Value Year
If data are not available, please indicate ‘Not available’.
i. Baseline value / baseline year
ii. Latest value / latest year of data
iii. Source of the data. If available, provide a link.
9
Handwashing facilities may be fixed or mobile including a sink with tap water, buckets with taps, tippy-taps, and jugs or basins designated for handwashing.
10
Soap includes bar soap, liquid soap, powder detergent, and soapy water. Soap does not include ash, soil, sand, or other handwashing agents.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A7IV. Institutional WASH targets
Does your country have coverage targets for WASH in schools and/or health care facilities?
a. Does your country have a target for WASH in schools? ☐ Yes ☐No
If yes: Target value Target year
i. Target value / target year
ii. Specify what the coverage target measures.
iii. Title and link of policy/plan where target is established.
Report the baseline and most recent coverage data for the
WASH in schools target. If data are not available, please write Value Year
‘Not available’.
iv. Baseline value / baseline year
v. Latest value / latest year of data
vi. Source of the data. If available, provide a link.
b. Does your country have a target for WASH in health care
facilities? ☐ Yes ☐No
If yes: Target value Target year
i. Target value / target year
ii. Specify what the coverage target measures.
iii. Title and link of policy/plan where target is established.
Report the baseline and most recent coverage data for the
WASH in health care facilities target. If data are not available, Value Year
please indicate ‘Not available’.
iv. Baseline value / baseline year
v. Latest value / latest year of data
vi. Source of the data. If available, provide a link.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A7V. Other WASH targets: Does your country have targets for any of the following? Report targets that have not been reported in the previous questions.
If yes:
Yes No Title and link of policy/plan where
Target value Target year Briefly describe the target and how it is defined.
target is established.
a. Affordability of drinking-water ☐ ☐
b. Affordability of sanitation ☐ ☐
c. Drinking-water quality ☐ ☐
d. Faecal sludge management ☐ ☐
e. Municipal wastewater and
sewerage ☐ ☐
f. Menstrual hygiene
management ☐ ☐
g. Health care waste
management ☐ ☐
h. WASH in public places (e.g.
markets) ☐ ☐
☐ Yes
i. Open defecation
11
☐ No
☐ Not applicable
If yes, report the baseline and most recent
Value Year
monitoring data for the open defecation target:
i. Baseline value/year
ii. Latest value/year
11
This question may be ‘not applicable’ if your country is open defecation free.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
EQUITY MEASURES IN NATIONAL POLICES AND PLANS
A8I. To what extent are there measures to improve and extend services to the following settings or situations in national WASH policies and plans?
This setting/ If yes, what is the level of implementation?
Please describe the measure(s) and provide a reference and/or link to
situation does 1 – Not yet implemented
Setting/situation Yes No the relevant section of the WASH policies/plans that describe the
not exist in the 2 – Partially implemented
12 measure(s).
country 3 – Fully implemented
a. Remote or hard to
reach areas
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
b. Slums or informal
settlements
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
c. Internally
displaced persons
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
and/or refugee
camps ☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
d. Emergencies and
disasters
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
e. Other setting or Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
situation
(please specify):
☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
12
Each setting/situation that is identified as ‘This setting/situation does not exist in the country’, should be identified in the same way (by checking the box) in questions B3I and D4.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A8II. To what extent are there measures to improve and extend services to the following populations in national WASH policies and plans?
If yes, what is the level of implementation?
Please describe the measure(s) and provide a reference and/or link
1 – Not yet implemented
Yes No to the relevant section of the WASH policies/plans that describe the
2 – Partially implemented
measure(s).
3 – Fully implemented
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
a. People living in poverty Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
b. Women and girls Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
People living with
c.
disabilities
Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
d. Elderly people Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A8II. (Continued from previous page)
To what extent are there measure to improve and extend services to the following populations in national WASH policies and plans?
If yes, what is the level of implementation?
This population Please describe the measure(s) and provide a reference and/or link
1 – Not yet implemented
does not exist in Yes No to the relevant section of the WASH policies/plans that describe the
the country13 2 – Partially implemented
measure(s).
3 – Fully implemented
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Indigenous
e.
populations ☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Ethnic/religious
f.
minorities ☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Populations
disproportionally ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
g.
affected by climate ☐ Drinking-water
change
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Other population
h.
(please specify):
Sanitation ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
☐ Drinking-water ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐
13
Each population that is identified as ‘This population does not exist in the country’, should be identified in the same way (by checking the box) in questions B3II and D5.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
INSTITUTIONAL ROLES AND COORDINATION
A9. Institutional roles and lead agencies: Please list all government ministries or national institutions with roles in WASH and their role for each area. For each listed entity, classify their
role on a scale of 1 to 3.
1 – No role: This ministry or institution is not involved in activities in this sector.
2 – Supporting role: This ministry or institution supports the lead institution with activities to achieve common objectives in the sector.
3 – Lead role: This ministry or institution leads the governance, decision-making and planning of the sector.
List ALL ministries or national institutions involved in e. Faecal g. WASH in
a. Urban b. Rural c. Urban d. Rural f. Hand h. WASH in
WASH. Please avoid acronyms and spell out the full sludge health care
drinking-water drinking-water sanitation sanitation hygiene schools
names. management facilities
e.g. Ministry of Urban Development 3 1 3 1 1 1 3 1
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A10. Coordination among stakeholders
a. Does a government-led, national-level mechanism exist to Yes No
coordinate the work of different ministries, institutions, and
organizations with responsibilities for WASH? If no, proceed to ☐ ☐
question A11.
If yes:
i. What is the name of the coordination
mechanism?
ii. Which government institution/ministry or
stakeholder leads the mechanism?
iii. Which sub-sectors are covered in the ☐ Overall WASH
coordination mechanism?
Select all that apply. ☐ Sanitation
☐ Drinking-water
☐ Hand hygiene
☐ WASH in schools
WASH in health
☐ care facilities
If other, please
☐ Other
specify:
Yes No
iv. Does the mechanism include donors who
contribute to WASH activities nationally? ☐ ☐
v. Does the mechanism include
nongovernmental stakeholders (e.g.
advocacy groups, civil society ☐ ☐
organizations, NGOs)?
vi. Does the coordination process include
documentation of the process and ☐ ☐
activities?
vii. How often does the coordination ☐ Weekly
mechanism meet or convene?
Choose one. ☐ Monthly
☐ Every 3 months
☐ Every 6 months
☐ Once a year
☐ Every two years
☐ Ad hoc
viii. Please briefly describe the coordination mechanism in further detail.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
COMMUNITY AND USER PARTICIPATION
14
A11. Participation procedures established at the national level: Are there clearly defined procedures in laws or policies for participation by service users (e.g. households) and
communities and what is the level of participation?
Levels of participation are defined as below:
1: None/very low – No communication: No communication between government and users/communities on policy, planning and management.
2: Low – Communication: Information on policy, planning and management is made available to users/communities.
3: Medium low – Occasional consultation: Government authorities occasionally request information, experiences and opinions of users/communities.
4: Medium high – Regular consultation: Government authorities regularly request information, experiences and opinions of users/communities.
5: High – Collaboration and accountability: Regular opportunities for users/communities to formally take part in relevant policy, planning and management processes. Processes are
documented and acted upon by the responsible entities.
6: Very high – Representation and accountability: Formal representation of users/communities in government processes contributing to joint decision-making on issues and activities, as
appropriate. Processes are documented and subject to redress if responsible entities fail to act accordingly.
If yes, does law or
Extent to which users / communities participate Extent to which women participate
Procedures defined policy specifically
15
in law or policy mention women’s Level of participation Level of participation
None / Very high None / Very high
participation? Very low
Very low
Yes No Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Urban drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Rural drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Water resources planning and
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
management
i. If procedures are defined in policy or law, please provide name of the law/and or policy and further details.
ii. Please provide a description of the most common forms of user participation. If applicable, describe how government or service providers are held accountable to user/communities. For
example, by documenting joint decisions.
14
‘Participation’ means a mechanism by which individuals and communities can meaningfully contribute to decisions and directions about WASH and water resources.
15
These could be general policies or laws relating to public participation or consumer rights, or relating specifically to the WASH sector.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A11. (Continued from previous page)
g. Access to opportunities for participation: What percentage of the population has access to opportunities for participation?
Participation procedures differ across settings, sectors and populations. For each sector, indicate the percentage of the population that has access to the procedures listed below.
Access entails that governments/service providers have established opportunities for the procedures to take place in communities in line with participation procedures described
above. Opportunities to participate in sanitation and drinking-water decisions are disaggregated by urban and rural populations because opportunities can differ across these
settings. Participation in water resources management decisions asks for the percentage of the total population.
Participation procedures for Participation procedures for
sanitation and drinking-water water resources management
Urban population Rural population Total population
Less Between Between Between Less Between Between Between Less Between Between Between
than 50% and 75% and 95% and than 50% and 75% and 95% and than 50% and 75% and 95% and
Percentage of the population: 50% 74% 94% 100% 50% 74% 94% 100% 50% 74% 94% 100%
i. Covered by policies and procedures for user/
community participation. ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. With access to information that is publicly accessible
(e.g. access to information on WASH services or
planned projects that might affect local water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
resources).
iii. That live in areas with regular (at least twice a year)
opportunities for public engagement such as
fora/councils/meetings with service providers, local ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
government or entities responsible for each sector.
iv. With access to formal feedback systems that have
mechanisms to address user feedback, complaints and ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
concerns.
v. Covered by regulatory authorities that have
mechanisms to receive, document and resolve ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
conflicts.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
A11. (Continued from previous page)
h. Government resources for public participation: To what extent are there sufficient human and financial resources to support participation of users and communities, and are
there agencies/institutions responsible for monitoring participatory procedures?
Urban Rural Water resources
sanitation and drinking- water sanitation and drinking-water planning and management
Between Between Between
Less than Between 50 Between 75 Less than Between 50 Between 75 Less than Between 50 Between 75
95% and 95% and 95% and
50% of and 74% of and 94% of 50% of and 74% of and 94% of 50% of and 74% of and 94% of
100% of 100% of 100% of
what is what is what is what is what is what is what is what is what is
what is what is what is
needed needed needed needed needed needed needed needed needed
needed needed needed
i. Are there sufficient
financial resources in
place to support ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
participation of users and
communities?
ii. Are there sufficient
human resources to
support participation of ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
users and communities?
iii. Are there agencies/
If yes, what is the name of the If yes, what is the name of the If yes, what is the name of the
institutions responsible
agency/institution? agency/institution? agency/institution?
for monitoring the extent
of and effectiveness of
Yes ☐ Yes ☐ Yes ☐
participatory
procedures? No ☐ No ☐ No ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
Section B: Monitoring
Responses to this section of the survey will help to determine the level of monitoring activity performed by the government, as
well as other stakeholders and how this information is used in the planning, development and evaluation of water and sanitation
services. Please consult the survey guidance for important information on the questions in Section B.
WASH JOINT SECTOR REVIEWS
B1. WASH joint sector reviews (JSRs): A joint sector review is a government-led periodic process that brings different
stakeholders in a particular sector together to engage in dialogue, review status, progress and performance, and take
decisions on priority actions. Alternative names for joint sector reviews include: Annual Water Sector Conference, Joint
Water Sector Review, Multi-Stakeholder Forum, Joint Annual Review, and WASH Conference. Partner-led or partner-
initiated assessments such as WASH bottleneck analyses using the WASH Bottleneck Analysis Tool (BAT), GLAAS and JMP
coverage estimates do not constitute a joint sector review process.
Yes No
a. Does the government conduct joint
sector reviews? If no, proceed to
question B2. ☐ ☐
If yes:
i. What is the JSR called?
ii. Which year did the most recent JSR
take place (YYYY)?
iii. Which government
ministry/institution leads the JSR?
Yes No
iv. Is the Ministry of Health involved in
JSRs? ☐ ☐
v. Is the Ministry of Finance involved in
JSRs? ☐ ☐
Annually Every two years Every 2+ years On an ad hoc basis
vi. How often are JSRs conducted?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vii. Are the following themes / sectors covered in JSRs?
Yes No
Sanitation ☐ ☐
Drinking-water ☐ ☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐
WASH in health care facilities ☐ ☐
WASH in schools ☐ ☐
Gender ☐ ☐
Menstrual health and hygiene ☐ ☐
Vulnerable populations ☐ ☐
Other ☐ ☐
If other, please specify:
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
B1. (Continued from previous page)
viii. Of the government agencies invited to Between 50 Between 75 Between 95%
Less than 50%
and 74% and 94% and 100%
participate in the most recent JSR, what
percentage participated? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Yes No
ix. Were development partners (donors, multilateral
agencies, NGOs) invited to participate in the most
recent JSR? ☐ ☐
Between 50 Between 75 Between 95%
1. If yes, of the development partners invited to Less than 50%
and 74% and 94% and 100%
participate, what percentage participated?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
x. Were priority actions (commitments, declaration Yes No Not applicable
points, priority measures, key actions,
recommendations, recommended priority
actions, undertakings, urgent recommendations) ☐ ☐ ☐
from the previous JSR reviewed during the most
recent JSR?
Yes No
xi. Are priority actions set by the review process?
☐ ☐
Yes No
xii. Is progress towards national targets validated
and reviewed during the review process? ☐ ☐
b. Impacts of sector review: Did the most recent JSR lead to substantial changes in the following areas? If yes, please describe.
Yes No Description
i. Legislation ☐ ☐
ii. Policy ☐ ☐
iii. Planning ☐ ☐
iv. Targets ☐ ☐
v. Human resources ☐ ☐
vi. Institutional
arrangements ☐ ☐
vii. Monitoring ☐ ☐
viii. Financial ☐ ☐
ix. Other ☐ ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
USE OF MONITORING DATA
B2. Data use for decision-making: To what extent are WASH data used for each of the following areas of decision-making? Choose one box per row.
Data used for Data used for
Data not Data If data are used, provide an example or explain how the data
a minority of a majority of
available not used contribute to decision-making.
decisions decisions
Decisions on sanitation
a. Planning processes and/or sector reviews ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Allocating resources ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Developing of national standards or regulations ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Targeting surveillance activities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Decisions on drinking-water
e. Planning processes and/or sector reviews ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Allocating resources ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
g. Developing or revising of national standards or ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
regulations
h. Targeting surveillance activities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Decisions on hand hygiene
i. Planning processes and/or sector reviews ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
j. Resource allocation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
k. Developing behaviour change improvement initiatives ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Decisions on health
l. Responding to disease outbreaks ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
m. Identifying public health priorities for reducing WASH-
related diseases ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
n. Identifying priority health care facilities needing WASH
improvements ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
B2. (Continued from previous page)
o. Please describe any barriers to using data for decision-making.
MONITORING EQUITY MEASURES
B3I. Tracking progress in different settings/situations: Is progress in improving and extending services specifically in the
following settings/situations tracked and reported?
This setting/situation Sanitation Drinking-water Hand hygiene
does not exist in the
country16 Yes No Yes No Yes No
a. Remote or hard to reach areas ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Slums or informal settlements ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Internally displaced persons and/or refugee camps
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Emergencies and disasters
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Other setting / situation (please specify):
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. If yes to any of the above, please specify how service provision to the situations/settings is being tracked and reported.
g. Please provide a reference and/or link to the relevant section of the WASH policies/plans that describe the
measures above.
16
Settings/situation checked as ‘This setting/situation does not exist in the country’ should align with responses to question A8I.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
B3II. Tracking progress among vulnerable groups: Is progress in improving and extending services specifically to the
following populations tracked and reported?
This
population
Sanitation Drinking-water Hand hygiene
does not
17
exist Yes No Yes No Yes No
a. People living in poverty ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Women and girls ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. People living with disabilities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Elderly populations ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Indigenous populations ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Ethnic / religious minorities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Populations disproportionally affected by climate
g.
change ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
h. Other population (please specify):
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
If yes to any of the above, please specify how service provision to the populations is being tracked and
i.
reported.
Please provide a reference and/or link to the relevant section of the WASH policies/plans that describe the
j.
measures above.
17
Populations checked as ‘This population does not exist in the country’ should align with responses to question A8II.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
B4. Use of performance indicators to track progress: To what extent are there performance indicators that are used in the
following categories?
Performance indicators are:
Being Agreed,
Agreed and
developed or tracked Please list the main indicator(s):
No such baseline
a. Sanitation agreed but against
indicators data
not yet established
established
implemented baseline data
i. Government expenditure (e.g.
ratio spent/allocated, proportion ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
of budget released mid-term)
ii. Treated effluent and faecal
sludge quality (e.g. quality against
national standards/permits and/or
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
suited to disposal/reuse)
iii. Quality of service (e.g.
frequency of emptying septic
tanks, response time to
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
complaints)
iv. Equitable service coverage (e.g.
per cent (%) of populations in
different locations, and different
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
economic groups, with access)
v. Cost efficiency (e.g. cost for
levels of service such as latrines,
networked sewage system, ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
operations and maintenance
(O&M) spent)
vi. Functionality of systems (e.g.
working/non-working
infrastructure, asset management ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
indicators)
b. Drinking-water
i. Government expenditure (e.g.
ratio spent/allocated, proportion ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
of budget released mid-term)
ii. Water quality (e.g. per cent (%)
compliance for E. coli or chlorine ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
residual)
iii. Quality of service delivery (e.g.
hours of service, minimum water
pressure, seasonable variability in
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
delivery, average repair times)
iv. Equitable service coverage (e.g.
per cent (%) of populations in
different locations, and different
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
economic groups, with access)
v. Cost efficiency (e.g. costs for
levels of service: e.g. networked
systems, boreholes, O&M per m3,
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
bill collection ratio)
vi. Functionality of systems (e.g.
working/non-working
infrastructure, asset management
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
indicators)
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
B4. (Continued from previous page)
c. Monitored indicators: If the following indicators are measured, please indicate approximate value(s). If the indicators are
not measured, please write ‘Not monitored’.
i. Please estimate the national percentage of urban
wastewater that is treated (either through a centralized
or decentralized system):
ii. Please estimate the national percentage of rural
wastewater that is treated (either through decentralized
or on-site treatment):
iii. Please provide the average nonrevenue water for the
three largest water suppliers: (‘Nonrevenue water’ is not
the same as ‘unaccounted for water’. Please review
definitions in the glossary before responding.)
d. Please describe additional specific examples of performance indicators or performance indicator system(s) that are used.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
REGULATION OF DRINKING-WATER, SANITATION/WASTEWATER SERVICES
B5. Type of regulatory authorities: Please answer the following questions on regulatory authorities for drinking-water and
sanitation/wastewater.
Drinking-water Sanitation/wastewater
Urban Rural Urban Rural
Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No
a. Is a regulatory authority responsible for setting tariffs? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Is a regulatory authority responsible for overseeing drinking-water
quality and/or treated effluent? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Is a regulatory authority responsible for overseeing service coverage
or other aspects related to the quality of service delivery?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
If there are no regulatory authorities responsible for any aspect of rural or urban WASH, SKIP to question
B8.
If there is a regulatory authority, please answer the following
questions regarding the regulatory authority with primary
responsibility for each subsector.
d. Was the regulatory authority established by law? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Is the regulatory authority independent of the service providers that
are being regulated (e.g. located in a different ministry or
department)?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Does the regulatory authority have the authority to report findings
without gaining clearance or permission from government institutions
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
responsible for service provision?
g. Please provide the name of the regulatory authority(ies), and date(s) of establishment for each, and links to websites if
available.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
FUNCTIONS OF REGULATORS
B6. Functions of drinking-water regulatory authorities: Does the drinking-water regulatory authority:
Urban Rural
No Partially Fully No Partially Fully
a. Collect population services coverage data from service providers? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Publish publicly accessible reports on drinking-water quality and/or
risk management practice (e.g. compliance with national standards ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
and/or water safety plan implementation)?
c. Publish publicly accessible reports on quality of drinking-water
service delivery (e.g. functionality, continuity, efficiency)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Recommend planning and actions (e.g. remedial measures to be
taken by water supplies in cases of non-compliance with national ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
standards, development of training programmes)?
e. Enforce the implementation of planning and action (e.g. remedial
measures) to address non-compliance? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If yes, please describe any enforcement actions taken:
B7. Functions of sanitation/wastewater regulatory authorities: Does the sanitation/wastewater regulator:
Urban Rural
No Partially Fully No Partially Fully
a. Collect population service coverage data from wastewater treatment plant
operators? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Set standards for, and monitor the design, construction and use of
wastewater treatment plants and sewers? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Enforce minimum protections for sanitation workers (i.e. health and safety,
employment and pay, freedom of association)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Set standards for, and monitor the design, construction and use of on-site
sanitation systems (e.g. septic tanks and pit latrines)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Set standards for, and monitor faecal sludge management (e.g. septic tank
and pit latrine emptying and transport)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Publish publicly accessible reports on treated wastewater flows and faecal
sludge volumes? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
g. Collect and publish publicly accessible reports on septic tank and pit latrine
emptying service quality (e.g. frequency, transport and disposal safety)? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
h. Take corrective action to improve performance and address non-
compliance with national standards (including service quality and labour ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
protections)?
i. If yes, please describe any corrective actions taken:
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
DRINKING-WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE
B8. Independent drinking-water quality surveillance: Is independent surveillance carried out and are data used to inform planning and actions?
Independent testing of water quality in Auditing/independent assessment of
Independent sanitary inspection to Collection and review of supplier/
accordance with national surveillance recommended risk management
assess risk management facility monitoring records
requirements approaches (e.g. water safety plans)
Performed Performed Performed Performed
Not done or Performed, Not done or Performed, Not done or Performed, Not done or Performed,
and informs and informs and informs and informs
insufficiently but data insufficiently but data insufficiently but data insufficiently but data
planning and planning and planning and planning
performed not used performed not used performed not used performed not used
actions actions actions and actions
a. Urban drinking-water
quality ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural drinking-water
quality ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Drinking-water quality
in health care facilities
(e.g. by Ministry of ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Health)
d. Drinking-water quality
in schools (e.g. by ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Ministry of Education)
e. How does the frequency of independent drinking-water surveillance in No frequency Between 95% and
Less than 50% Between 50% and 74% Between 75% and 94%
practice compare to requirements set out in the surveillance mandate? requirement 100%
i. Urban ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Rural ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f Are there sufficient human resources for drinking-water surveillance Between 50%
Less than 50% Between 75% and 94% Between 95% and 100%
activities? and 74%
i. Urban ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Rural ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
g. Please describe any other reasons for any insufficiencies in drinking-water
quality surveillance (e.g. low frequency of surveillance, financial constraints,
etc).
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE TREATEMENT SURVEILLANCE
B9. Independent wastewater and sludge treatment surveillance: Is independent surveillance carried out and are data used to inform planning and actions?
Collection and review of service
Testing of effluent quality against Independent assessment of Independent sanitary inspection at
provider (e.g. utilities, faecal sludge
national standards / testing quality of recommended risk management premises (e.g. sewered connections,
emptying services) monitoring
treated sludge approaches (e.g. sanitation safety plans) septic tanks, pit latrines) to assess risks
records
Performed
Performed Performed Performed
Not done or Performed, Not done or Performed, Not done or Performed, Not done or Performed, and
and informs and informs and informs
insufficiently but data insufficiently but data not insufficiently but data not insufficiently but data informs
planning and planning and planning
performed not used performed used performed used performed not used planning
actions actions and actions
and actions
a. On-site facilities (e.g.
septic tanks and pit ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
latrines)
b. Faecal sludge collection,
transport and treatment ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Sewered municipal
wastewater effluent ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
quality
How does the frequency of independent wastewater and sludge treatment No frequency Between 95% and
d. Less than 50% Between 50% and 74% Between 75% and 94%
surveillance in practice compare to requirements set out in the requirement 100%
surveillance mandate?
i. Wastewater ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Sludge ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Are there sufficient human resources for wastewater and sludge treatment Between 50%
e. Less than 50% Between 75% and 94% Between 95% and 100%
surveillance activities? and 74%
i. Wastewater ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Sludge ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Please describe any other reasons for any insufficiencies in wastewater
and sludge surveillance (e.g. low frequency of surveillance, financial
constraints, etc).
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
Section C: Human Resources (HR)
This section aims to capture more information on human resources for WASH systems and service provision. The section focuses
on HR in plans and strategies, sufficiency of HR, as well as training institutions/programmes and workers’ rights and safety.
Please consult the survey guidance for important information on the questions in Section C.
NATIONAL PLANS/STRATEGIES FOR WASH HUMAN RESOURCES
C1. Do national plans/strategies exist for human resources for WASH? Note: This question is not examining the human
resource plans of individual organizations, but rather government plans/strategies targeting human resources for
WASH.
Sanitation Drinking-water Hand hygiene
a. Does a national human resources ☐ Yes ☐ Yes ☐ Yes
plan/strategy exist to develop and manage
Under Under Under
human resources that addresses the ☐ development ☐ development ☐ development
following sectors?
☐ No ☐ No ☐ No
i. If yes, provide name of the plan/strategy
ii. Provide the year of the strategy (YYYY)
iii. Provide a link or attach a copy.
HUMAN RESOURCES NEEDS ASSESSMENTS
C2. To what extent have human resources needs assessments been conducted for WASH?
a. Have human resources needs for WASH been No Only sub-national National
assessment assessments assessment
assessed in your country?
☐ ☐ ☐
i. If an assessment has been conducted, provide a
link or attach a copy of the latest assessment.
Annually Every 2 to 3 years Every 4+ years On an ad hoc basis
ii. How often do assessments take place?
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
iii. What sectors were covered in the most human resources
Yes No
assessment?
Sanitation ☐ ☐
Drinking-water ☐ ☐
Hand hygiene ☐ ☐
WASH in health care facilities ☐ ☐
WASH in schools ☐ ☐
iv. Was gender considered in the latest assessment? ☐ ☐
v. Have the assessments been used to inform national
plans/strategies for WASH or for human resources? ☐ ☐
vi. Briefly describe how human resources needs assessments for WASH are conducted, including the topics covered and
stakeholders involved.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
HUMAN RESOURCES IN GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES/NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
C3. To what extent do government ministries/national institutions have organizational charts in place for
WASH?
a. Does an organizational chart exist that covers all WASH positions across Yes No
national institutions?
☐ ☐
None Some All
b. Do government ministries/national institutions involved in WASH have
organizational charts? ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Are job descriptions available for WASH positions in government
ministries/national institutions? ☐ ☐ ☐
Less than Between 10% Between 50% More
10% and 49% and 75% than 75%
d. Of all WASH positions in government ministries/institutions, what is the
percentage of women that hold those positions? ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
WASH TRAINING INSTITUTIONS
C4. What types of training institutions and programmes for WASH exist in your country?
a. Do any of the following types of WASH-specific/relevant education If yes,
and training institutions exist in your country? What is the approximate Of the total WASH
total number of WASH graduates/trainees per
graduates/trainees per year, what is the
Yes No year? approximate percentage
that are women?
i. Community training centres ☐ ☐
ii. Technical and vocational training centres ☐ ☐
iii. Universities ☐ ☐
iv. Other (please specify):
☐ ☐
b. Do the available WASH training institutions
Less than 50% Between 50% Between 95% and
supply enough trained professionals on an Between 75% and 94%
of what is and 74% of what 100% of what is
annual basis to meet the needs of the following of what is needed
needed is needed needed
areas?
i. Drinking-water – piped systems ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Drinking-water – small systems ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
iii. Sanitation – sewer networks and
wastewater treatment ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
iv. Sanitation – on-site systems and faecal
sludge management ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
v. Hand hygiene – facilities/technologies and
behaviour change ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. If there are any insufficiencies in WASH training institutions/programmes, please describe the insufficiencies and the
reasons for these insufficiencies.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
HUMAN RESOURCES CONSTRAINTS
C5. Constraints to WASH human resources: To what extent do the following factors constrain WASH human resources
capacity? Classify the constraint on a scale of 1 to 3, as described below:
1 - Low or no constraint to WASH human resources Constraint on HR capacity for:
2 - Moderate constraint to WASH human resources (3-severe, 2-moderate, 1-low or no)
3 - Severe constraint to WASH human resources
Sanitation Drinking-water Hand hygiene
a. Financial resources available for staff (salaries, benefits, pensions etc.)
b. Insufficient education/training programmes or courses to meet
demand
c. Lack of awareness of WASH job opportunities
d. Insufficient competencies (skills and knowledge) of staff to perform
duties
e. Skilled workers do not want to live and work in rural areas of the
country
f. Other (please specify):
g. Please provide details such as the causes, impacts and barriers to addressing the constraints. If the constraints are
different for urban and rural areas for a subsector above, please provide further details.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
SUFFICIENCY OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR WASH
C6. Are there sufficient human resources for each sector and WASH activities?
Sanitation Drinking-water Hand hygiene
Between 50% Between 75% Between 95% Between 50% Between 75% Between 95% Between 50% Between 75% Between 95%
Less than 50% Less than 50% Less than 50%
and 74% of and 94% of and 100% of and 74% of and 94% of and 100% of and 74% of and 94% of and 100% of
of what is of what is of what is
what is what is what is what is what is what is what is what is what is
a. Overall, are there needed needed needed
needed needed needed needed needed needed needed needed needed
sufficient human
resources for the ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
following sectors?
For each of the following activities, indicate the sufficiency of human resources in each sector:
b. Policy development and
planning ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Monitoring and evaluation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Regulation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Management of the design
and construction of ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
facilities and/or networks
f. Community mobilization ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
g. Operations and
maintenance ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
h. Other (please specify):
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
SUFFICIENCY OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
C7. Are there sufficient human resources in the health sector for the following core environment health functions
relating to WASH? See the guidance document for more information on the health sector role in WASH as per
recommendations in the WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health (2018).
Between 50% and Between 75% and Between 95% and
Less than 50% of
74% of what is 94% of what is 100% of what is
what is needed
needed needed needed
a. Health sector participation in WASH sector
coordination ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Health sector contribution to WASH norms
and standards ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. WASH contribution to disease programmes
where WASH is needed for primary ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
prevention
d. Inclusion of WASH status in disease
surveillance ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. WASH promotion within community-level
health promotion ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Planning WASH service provision and
maintenance in health facilities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
RIGHTS AND SAFETY MEASURES FOR WORKERS
C8. To what extent are the following measures in place for sanitation and drinking-water workers?
Sanitation Drinking-water
Measures Measures
No Measures No Measures
partially in partially in
measures fully in place measures fully in place
place place
a. Freedom of association for workers (i.e. to self-
organize in associations and unions) ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Operational guidelines for workers’ health and safety ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Mechanisms to check compliance with operational
guidelines ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Minimum requirement for employer-employee
relations (e.g. provision of health insurance, ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
vaccinations, contractual stability, minimum wage)
e. Formalization of employment for workers (i.e.
transitioning informal workers into the formal ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
workforce)
f. Occupational health and safety training for workers
(e.g. on codes of practice or standard operating ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
procedures)
g. Sufficient equipment to enable safe operation (e.g.
phasing out manual emptying of faecal sludge with ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
mechanical systems)
h. Sufficient personal protective equipment for (e.g.
gloves, masks, hats, full overalls and boots) ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. Inclusion of risk to workers within risk assessment and
management (i.e. SSP and WSP) ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
Section D: Financing
This section of the survey explores what processes (i.e. planning, budgeting, financial tracking and reporting) are in place to
distribute financial resources to the WASH sector, how well allocated funds are absorbed, who finances WASH, the amount and
sufficiency of funding, and the types of services funded. Please consult the survey guidance for important information on the
Section D questions.
FINANCIAL PLAN
D1. Existence of a financial plan: Has the government developed a medium to long-term financial plan(s) linked to national
strategies and costed plans for WASH, WASH in health care facilities, and WASH in schools, that clearly assesses the
available sources of funding and strategies for financing future needs (i.e. who should pay for what), that is agreed and
used for decision-making?
Financial plan Financial plan is
No Financial plan is
Financial plan in agreed, but agreed and
financial agreed and used
development insufficiently consistently used
plan for some decisions
implemented in decisions
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Urban drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Rural drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. WASH in health care facilities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
g. WASH in schools ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
h. Please name/describe the financial plan(s) and/or provide a link(s).
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
BUDGETS FOR WASH
D2. Government budget specific to WASH
a. Please list all ministries/national institutions with responsibilities in WASH and their WASH budgets. Please list each
ministry/national institution even if data are not available.
If disaggregated by cost type,
If disaggregated, please indicate annual budget for the
please indicate percentage
following:
breakdown between:
Ministry/national institution Total
annual
Please ensure that the ministries WASH in %
WASH Drinking- Hand WASH in %
and national institutions listed Sanitation health care O&M % Other
budget water hygiene schools Capital
below are included in question facilities /recurrent
A9.
TOTAL
b. Please indicate the time period (e.g. financial years) for the
current budget(s) indicated above:
c. Indicate currency:
d. Indicate the units (i.e. thousands, millions, billions):
e. If applicable, please indicate which ministries/institutions receive significant donor funding support (i.e. greater
than 25% of total) for WASH budgets listed above.
f. If unable to respond to budget information in the format requested above, please provide the annual WASH
budget indicating what sub-sectors (e.g. drinking-water or sanitation) are covered by which ministries.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
COST RECOVERY
D3. Cost recovery strategies: Are operations and basic maintenance (O&M) covered by tariffs or household contributions?
Please see survey guidance for definitions for ‘tariffs’ and ‘household contributions’.
Is this addressed in
O&M to be covered via tariffs or household contributions your financial
plan/budget?
Covers between Covers between
Covers less than Covers 100% or
50% and 79% of 80% and 99% of Yes No
50% of costs more of costs
costs costs
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Urban drinking-
c.
water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Rural drinking-
d.
water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. If costs are not fully recovered via tariffs or household contributions, is the gap covered and how? Please attach relevant
provisions, provide a link or give details (including target recovery %). If the gap is not covered, please provide specific
examples of the impacts on services (e.g. delayed maintenance, staffing cuts, etc.).
f. Please describe the legal or regulatory framework concerning review/revision of tariffs and how frequently
reviews/revisions occur at the national level. If national-level data are not available, please provide the average
frequency of reviews for the three largest municipal utilities.
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FINANCING FOR EQUITY MEASURES
D4. Equity for settings/situations: Are there specific measures to direct resources to the following settings/situations?
Specific measures for Specific measures for Specific measures for
sanitation drinking-water hand hygiene
Yes, but Yes, but Yes, but
Yes, and Yes, and Yes, and
This setting / measures measures measures
measures measures measures
situation does No are not No are not No are not
are are are
not exist in the applied applied applied
applied applied applied
consistently consistently consistently
country18
a. Remote or hard to reach areas ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Slums or informal settlements ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Internally displaced persons
and/or refugee camps ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Emergencies and disasters ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Other setting or situation
(please specify):
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. If yes, please describe the measures above.
If available, please provide a name and/or link to any reference which describes these measures (e.g. programme
g.
description within financial plan).
18
Settings/situation checked as ‘This setting/situation does not exist in the country’ should align with responses to questions A8I and B3I.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
FINANCING FOR EQUITY MEASURES
D5. Equity for vulnerable populations: Are there specific measures to target resources to the following populations?
Specific measures for Specific measures for Specific measures for
sanitation drinking-water hand hygiene
Yes, but Yes, but Yes, but
This Yes, and Yes, and
measures measures measures Yes, and
population No are not
measures
No are not
measures
No are not measures are
does not are are
applied applied applied applied
exist in the applied applied
consistently consistently consistently
country19
a. People living in poverty ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Women and girls ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. People living with disabilities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Elderly populations ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Indigenous populations ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Ethnic/religious minorities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Populations disproportionally
g.
affected by climate change ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
Other population
h.
(please specify):
☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
i. If yes, please describe the measures above.
If available, please provide a name and/or link to any reference which describes these measures (e.g. programme
j.
description within financial plan).
19
Populations checked as ‘This population does not exist in the country’ should align with responses to questions A8II and B3II.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
AFFORDABILITY
D6. Affordability: Are there financial schemes to make access to WASH more affordable for vulnerable groups?
Affordability schemes exist, but Affordability schemes exist
No schemes exist
are not widely used and are widely used
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Urban drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Rural drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ ☐
f. Is affordability of WASH services defined in policies or plans (e.g. no more than 2% of median household income)?
If yes, please indicate how it is defined and whether affordability levels are monitored on a periodic basis.
g. Please provide examples of affordability schemes in use and the scope of coverage, including how specific groups
are targeted for these schemes, and the variability of coverage within urban or rural groupings (e.g. large cities
versus small cities).
UTILIZATION OF AVAILABLE FUNDS (ABSORPTION)
D7. Absorption of external funds: What is the estimated percentage utilized of donor capital commitments for WASH (three-
year average)?
Between 50% If available, please
Less than 50% Over 75%
and 75% provide specific %:
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Urban drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Rural drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐
e. If donor capital commitments were underutilized, please provide a brief explanation of the types of bottlenecks that
delay or prohibit the use of committed funding.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
D8. Domestic absorption: What is the estimated percentage utilized of domestic capital commitments (three-year average)?
Between 50% and If available, please
Less than 50% Over 75%
75% provide specific %:
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Urban drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Rural drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐
e. If domestic capital commitments were underutilized, please provide a brief explanation of the types of bottlenecks that
delay or prohibit the use of committed funding.
EXTERNAL FINANCING
D9. External funding: How are donor funds channelled to the WASH sector? See the survey guidance for additional
information.
External support for drinking-water, sanitation
and hygiene
a. Time period (e.g. financial year) for donor expenditures shown in (c)
below.
b. Currency/units for donor expenditure shown in (c) below:
c. Total donor expenditure/disbursement
ON-BUDGET
i. Funding provided for specific expenditures or lines in national
budget, and channeled through treasury (includes basket funding)
ii. Funding provided for specific expenditures or lines in national
budget, but not channeled through treasury
OFF-BUDGET
iii. Direct funding to sector not through national budget or treasury
GENERAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET SUPPORT
iv. General budget support, funds channeled through treasury
Between 50% Between 75% Between 95%
d. Alignment of donor funds Less than 50%
and 74% and 94% and 100%
i. Per cent (%) of donor funds aligned with national WASH
plan(s) ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
ii. Per cent (%) of donor funds aligned with national plan(s)
for the water sector
20 ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. If unable to provide disaggregation of donor funds according to categories in question (c) above, please describe
and/or provide the available data below.
20
A national plan for the water sector would have a broader scope than a national WASH plan and cover elements in addition to WASH relevant to SDG 6, such
as water quality, water-use efficiency, water resources management, and water-related ecosystems.
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
SUFFICIENCY OF FUNDING
D10. Sufficient funding to meet targets: Going forward, do you estimate that financing/funding from all sources allocated to
water/sanitation/hand hygiene is sufficient to reach national targets?
If a specific annual financial need has been If specific monetary estimates of finance needs and
identified and financing/funding estimates funding are not available, please estimate the percentage
are available available
Identified annual finance
Estimated annual need, Less than Between 50% Between 75% Between 95%
available from all sources,
monetary amount) 50% of what and 74% of and 94% of and 100% of
monetary amount is needed what is needed what is needed what is needed
(indicate currency)
(indicate currency)
a. Urban sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
b. Rural sanitation ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
c. Urban drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
d. Rural drinking-water ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
e. Hand hygiene ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
WASH in health care
f.
facilities ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
g. WASH in schools ☐ ☐ ☐ ☐
h. Please indicate the source or methods used to determine costed monetary needs indicated above, if
applicable.
i.
Please indicate specific areas of funding gaps (e.g. human resources, expansion of services, operations and
maintenance, etc.).
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
FINANCIAL FLOWS
D11. Financial flows for sanitation, drinking-water, and hygiene: This table aims to capture all expenditures in the WASH sector, including sources, and where the money is spent. The sources of financial flows
are based on three broad categories: tariffs, taxes and transfers (3Ts), which we have classified under household, government and external sources of financing
(i.e. funding type). The table should capture the sources of data, but also highlight any reporting gaps (i.e. data that were not readily available). For example, you may be aware of expenditures for which
data are not available. Information on these data gaps is useful. Please indicate in the relevant box where data sources may be missing, and provide a brief explanation of the nature and scope of this gap.
Please see the survey guidance document for important information on this question and complete as many boxes as possible.
Country:
Currency / units (e.g. US$ millions):
Financial Year (most recent):
Contact Person:
Contact Email:
Expenditures
Sources, and
Drinking-water Sanitation Hygiene General, unallocated data gaps
(additional space
Funding unit/type Total Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural provided next page)
a. Users (households / commercial / industrial)
- Tariffs/charges
(households/commercial/industrial)
- Households’ expenditure for self-
supply
b. Government or public authority
- Central level
- State / provincial level
- Local level
c. External sources
- Bilateral / multilateral donor grants
(grants only)
- Donations and grants (NGOs and
others)
d. Repayable financing
- Concessionary repayable financing
- Non-concessionary repayable
financing
e. TOTAL EXPENDITURE
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
D11. (Continued from previous page)
f. Please provide details on sources of financial information used to complete Table D11 and any data gaps.
g. Do commercial/industrial users provide a significant portion of funding for the WASH sector, and if so, are these included in the estimates provided in the table above,
under D11.a Users? If yes, are there data to estimate how much of the funding is derived from the commercial/industrial user base separate from household/residential users?
It is acknowledged that the data requested in Table D11 may not be readily available for some countries. Please complete as best as possible
based on the available data. To improve information on financial flows in WASH, GLAAS has developed the TrackFin methodology used to
develop WASH accounts through the collection and mapping of WASH financial flows in a comprehensive and comparable manner. Should
your government be interested in developing WASH accounts based on the TrackFin methodology, please contact:
[email protected]
For more information on the TrackFin initiative and the methodology, please refer to:
https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/monitoring-and-evidence/wash-systems-
monitoring/un-water-global-analysis-and-assessment-of-sanitation-and-drinking-water/wash-accounts
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GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION IN THE GLAAS SURVEY
We truly appreciate the time and effort involved in completing this form. Please return this form to:
UN-Water GLAAS Team
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Unit
World Health Organization
20, Avenue Appia
CH-1211 Geneva 27, SWITZERLAND
E-mail:
[email protected]
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UN-WATER GLOBAL ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF SANITATION AND DRINKING-WATER (GLAAS)
GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey guidance
Table of Contents
Introduction and overview ............................................................................................................................ 1
Background on GLAAS ............................................................................................................................... 1
The GLAAS 2021/2022 cycle...................................................................................................................... 2
GLAAS 2021/2022 cycle and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ............................................ 2
GLAAS and the COVID-19 pandemic ..................................................................................................... 2
GLAAS data and the GLAAS 2022 Report .............................................................................................. 2
WHO policy on the use and sharing of data .............................................................................................. 2
The GLAAS process .................................................................................................................................... 3
General instructions for the GLAAS 2021/2022 survey............................................................................. 4
GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey package........................................................................................... 4
Survey form ........................................................................................................................................... 4
General instructions .............................................................................................................................. 5
Contact information and deadline for submission ................................................................................ 5
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Survey instructions and specific guidance .................................................................................................. 10
Guidance for Section A: Governance ...................................................................................................... 10
A1: Human rights to water and sanitation .......................................................................................... 10
A2: National regulations and standards .............................................................................................. 10
A3: Existence of risk management approaches .................................................................................. 10
A4: Implementation of risk management approaches........................................................................ 11
A5I – A5II: National WASH policies and plans ..................................................................................... 11
A6: COVID-19 preparedness and response plans ................................................................................ 12
A7I – A7IV: National WASH targets ..................................................................................................... 12
A8I-II: Equity measures in national WASH policies and plans ............................................................. 13
A9: Institutional roles and lead agencies ............................................................................................ 13
A10: Coordination between actors ..................................................................................................... 14
A11: Community and user participation ............................................................................................. 14
Section B: Monitoring ............................................................................................................................. 15
B1: WASH joint sector review ............................................................................................................. 15
B2: Data use for decision-making........................................................................................................ 15
B3I-II: Monitoring equity measures .................................................................................................... 15
B4: Use of performance indicators to track progress ......................................................................... 15
B5: Type of regulatory authorities ...................................................................................................... 15
B6: Functions of drinking-water regulatory authorities ...................................................................... 16
B7: Functions of sanitation/wastewater regulatory authorities ......................................................... 16
B8: Independent drinking-water quality surveillance ......................................................................... 16
B9: Independent wastewater effluent surveillance ............................................................................ 16
Section C: Human resources (HR) ........................................................................................................... 17
C1: National plans/strategies for WASH human resources ................................................................. 17
C2: Human resources needs assessments........................................................................................... 17
C3: Human resources in government ministries/national institutions ............................................... 17
C4: WASH training institutions and programmes ............................................................................... 17
C5: Constraints to WASH human resources ........................................................................................ 17
C6: Sufficiency of human resources for WASH.................................................................................... 17
C7: Sufficiency of human resources for environmental health ........................................................... 17
C8: Rights and safety measures for workers ....................................................................................... 17
Section D: Financing ................................................................................................................................ 18
D1: Existence of a financial plan.......................................................................................................... 18
D2: Government budget specific to WASH ......................................................................................... 18
D3: Cost recovery strategies ............................................................................................................... 19
D4-D5: Financing for equity measures ................................................................................................ 19
D6: Affordability .................................................................................................................................. 19
D7: Absorption of external funds ........................................................................................................ 20
D8: Domestic absorption..................................................................................................................... 20
D9: External funding............................................................................................................................ 20
D10: Sufficient finance to meet targets .............................................................................................. 21
D11: Financial flows for sanitation, drinking-water and hygiene promotion...................................... 21
Country survey guidance document
2021/2022
Introduction and overview
The UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) 2021/2022
survey guidance provides instructions and additional information on the questions in the GLAAS
2021/2022 country survey. When completing the survey, please refer to this document for instructions
and clarifications on specific survey questions and terms.
Background on GLAAS
GLAAS is a UN-Water initiative implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2008. GLAAS
focuses on monitoring the strength of WASH systems with a focus on governance, monitoring, human
resources and finance. GLAAS monitors elements of WASH systems that are required to sustain and extend
water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems and services to all, and especially to the most vulnerable
population groups. GLAAS aims to facilitate the work of government-led platforms to enhance
coordination across the various sectors, institutions and actors influencing and providing WASH service
delivery.
In a national context, GLAAS aims to complement sector review processes and to assist in assessing the
state of WASH systems including financial and human resources inputs being directed to WASH whilst
identifying barriers and enablers. GLAAS is not meant to be an additional burden on countries, but rather
a tool to support existing national processes.
GLAAS, as a global report, also facilitates benchmarking between countries. Data collected through GLAAS
are intended to inform senior staff in country governments that are in a position to advise their ministers
and most senior decision-makers as well as non-governmental, donor and partner organizations. It is a
useful resource for stakeholders involved in WASH projects and programmes.
GLAAS assesses data from several different sources, including global data on sanitation and drinking-water
coverage1, donor aid flows2, economic and development indicators3, health indicator data4, and data from
regional sector and multi-sector assessments. GLAAS gathers data from both countries and external
support agencies to fill key knowledge gaps.
In addition to providing WASH policy-makers and practitioners with a more comprehensive evidence base,
the GLAAS process engages national stakeholders in a joint dialogue, and therefore informs political
decision-making, particularly through its association with regional and global initiatives such as the
Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) Partnership. SWA provides a global platform for discussion among
countries and donors participating in the SWA High Level Dialogue that culminates in the SWA High Level
Meetings, the next of which are scheduled for 2022.
For more information about GLAAS, please see:
https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-
health/monitoring-and-evidence/wash-systems-monitoring/un-water-global-analysis-and-assessment-
of-sanitation-and-drinking-water
1 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation: https://washdata.org/
2 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Creditor Reporting System: https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=CRS1
3 World Development Indicators, World Bank: https://data.worldbank.org/products/wdi
4 World Health Statistics, WHO: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/en/
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Country survey guidance document
2021/2022
The GLAAS 2021/2022 cycle
GLAAS 2021/2022 cycle and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey continues to be aligned with the SDGs, in particular with SDG 6,
which is to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation to all.” WHO is a co-
custodian, through GLAAS, along with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
and UN Environment, for monitoring the SDG 6 targets on means of implementation (6.a and 6.b). The
GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey includes specific questions (A11 and D9) that will be used for SDG
monitoring and reporting to the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD).
For more information about SDG 6 monitoring, please see: http://www.sdg6monitoring.org/
For more information about the SDGs and SDG progress reports, please see: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs
GLAAS and the COVID-19 pandemic
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, hygiene in the GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey focuses
specifically on hand hygiene as it is a front line of defence against infectious disease outbreaks. Updated
definitions on hygiene can be found in the glossary. Additionally, question A6 asks about WASH in COVID-
19 response and preparedness plans.
GLAAS data and the GLAAS 2022 Report
While much of the data in the final GLAAS 2022 report will be in aggregate format, raw data from existing
data sets and the GLAAS 2021/2022 country and external support agency (ESA) surveys may be presented
as part of the final report appendices, and will also be included in the GLAAS data portal for future
reference and assessments.
WHO policy on the use and sharing of data
WHO has introduced a policy on the use and sharing of data collected by WHO in Member States starting
in 2018. The terms for data provision and use are presented on page ii of the GLAAS 2021/2022 country
survey. Please read carefully and check the box at the bottom of the page if you agree with the terms and
conditions. Please note that the box must be checked before proceeding to filling out the rest of the
survey. Table 1 below presents a non-exhaustive list of types of data that may be supplied to the WHO in
accordance with this policy.
Table 1. List of types of data provided to WHO (non-exhaustive)
Data types Examples
WHO-supported household surveys WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, WHO STEPwise approach to
surveillance (STEPS), World Health Survey
Unit record mortality data (Not currently collected by WHO headquarters, but by the WHO Regional Office for the
Americas/Pan American Health Organization)
Aggregated mortality data WHO Mortality Database
Aggregated health facility data DHIS 2.0 data (not currently collected by WHO headquarters, but hospital data are collected by the
WHO Regional Office for Europe)
Case-based health facility data WHO Global Burn Registry data5
Health expenditure data WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (National Health Account indicators), WASH accounts
indicators
Health facility surveys Availability of medicines and diagnostics
5 Note: Case-based health facility data collection such as that in the WHO Global Burn Registry does not require WHO Member State approval.
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Country survey guidance document
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Health research data (other than clinical Case–control investigations, prospective cohort studies
trials)6 7
Key informant surveys Existence of national road traffic laws, WASH inputs and process data (GLAAS survey) 8
National survey reports Prevalence of hypertension or tobacco use
Disease surveillance data HIV prevalence in pregnant women or tuberculosis treatment outcomes
Surveillance of notifiable diseases Total number of cases of plague
The GLAAS process
Country participation in GLAAS is voluntary. As a first and important step, it is suggested that a national
focal person be identified within a lead ministry or department who will be responsible for coordinating
the national input to the GLAAS country survey with government focal points from key focal areas listed
on page 1 of the survey form. It is recommended that GLAAS focal points reach out to the government
focal points of other national, regional or global monitoring initiatives particularly for the inception
workshop or discussions (e.g. SWA, African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), Protocol on Water and
Health, the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA), Integrated monitoring initiative for SDG 6, Integrated
Water Resources Management monitoring initiative) to ensure alignment and coordination. Contact
information for some of these focal points is available from the WHO regional office and the GLAAS team
at
[email protected].
To ensure data accuracy, WHO recommends that the national GLAAS focal person coordinates the
gathering and reporting of responses to the survey among each of the relevant government ministries and
other key stakeholders and interested parties such as development partners, non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) and civil society. In particular, with the expansion of the scope of the survey through
the alignment with SDG 6, there is an increased need to reach out to a diverse range of stakeholders in
order to obtain the data required to complete the survey. This can be done by organizing an inception
meeting or workshop at the start of the process, complemented by individual discussions among
stakeholders, with a review and validation workshop prior to survey submissions. Key government
stakeholders to consider involving in the process include:
§ WASH line ministries: In addition to ministries and government institutions responsible for
drinking-water, sanitation, and hygiene, those responsible for wastewater, faecal sludge
management and regulation should be included. There may also be different
ministries/departments dealing with drinking-water and sanitation in rural and urban areas.
§ National Statistics Office: According to the “Guidelines on data flows and global data reporting
for Sustainable Development Goals”,9 the National Statistics Office is required to be informed of
any data collected from countries for the purpose of SDG monitoring, including for targets 6.a and
6.b through GLAAS.
§ Ministry of Finance: for data on WASH finance.
§ Ministry of Health: for data on WASH in health care facilities, hand hygiene and health care waste
management.
§ Ministry of Education: for data on WASH in schools.
§ Drinking-water and wastewater regulators: for data on regulation.
6 The world health report 2013: research for universal coverage. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013
(http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/85761/2/9789240690837_eng.pdf?ua=1, accessed 21 February 2018).
7 WHO statement on public disclosure of clinical trial results: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (http://www.who.int/ictrp/results/en/,
accessed 21 February 2018).
8 Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS):
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/monitoring/investments/glaas/en/
9 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/statcom/49th-session/documents/BG-Item-3a-IAEG-SDGs-DataFlowsGuidelines-E.pdf
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Country survey guidance document
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§ Ministry of water resources or equivalent: For questions A11 and D9 on monitoring of SDG targets
6.a and 6.b, the scope of the questions goes beyond the WASH sector to include aspects of water
resources planning and management.
The role of the GLAAS focal person will be to support the lead ministry to coordinate data collection,
compile the responses to the survey from the various stakeholders, and be the lead on the process of data
reconciliation and validation before submission. While the GLAAS process seeks official government
responses to the survey, governments are encouraged to involve in-country development partners (e.g.
donors, NGOs, civil society, private sector) to comment and/or inform responses to the GLAAS survey.
Reaching out to interested parties such as UNICEF, WaterAid, IRC, and other civil society or local
community NGOs will benefit the quality of information and comprehensiveness of the results.
The GLAAS process can look different in different countries. Some GLAAS focal points decide to organize a
three-day workshop with all of the necessary stakeholders to complete the survey. Other governments
hire consultants to facilitate the GLAAS process while other governments have an initial GLAAS meeting,
divide the survey amongst stakeholders and come together to have a validation workshop. The key
elements of the GLAAS process are involving all the necessary stakeholders to complete the survey and
have all of the stakeholders agree on and validate the final survey before it is submitted. It is recommended
that the final response be validated through a national workshop involving a range of stakeholders.
Participation in the GLAAS survey represents a key input into strengthening of the SWA building blocks10
and systems building ensuring mutual accountability11 among key stakeholders and partners, as well as a
key data source towards monitoring the SWA collaborative behaviours12 which aim to:
1. Enhance government leadership of sector planning processes
2. Strengthen and use country systems
3. Use one information and mutual accountability platform
4. Building sustainable water and sanitation sector financing strategies
General instructions for the GLAAS 2021/2022 survey
Before beginning the GLAAS country survey, and throughout the process, it is recommended to review and
consult the survey guidance document, including the glossary.
GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey package
The following documents are included in the GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey package:
§ Survey form
§ Country survey guidance document
§ Country feedback form
§ Consent form (if applicable)
The survey form, country feedback form, and consent form (if applicable) should all be included as part of
the country GLAAS submission to WHO.
Survey form
The GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey is presented on a fillable PDF form. It is highly recommended that
the form be used with an updated version of Adobe Acrobat Reader DC. A free version of Adobe Acrobat
10 http://sanitationandwaterforall.org/about/building-blocks/
11 http://sanitationandwaterforall.org/priority-areas/mutual-accountability-mechanism/
12 https://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/about/our-work/priority-areas/collaborative-behaviours
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Country survey guidance document
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Reader can be downloaded at https://get.adobe.com/reader/. The country survey should be completed
on the desktop version of Adobe Reader and should not be filled out on a web browser version. The PDF
can be saved and respondents can return to it as needed: it is not necessary to fill out the entire survey at
once. Please note that not all text entered into the text box may be visible in the PDF form on your
computer screen or when printed: use the arrows on the keyboard to scroll through text entered in the
text box. The boxes for responses have been made bigger in the GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey to allow
for greater text visibility. Please save the PDF at regular intervals. If the PDF is not saved, responses will
be lost.
If multiple respondents in the country provide information in several GLAAS survey forms, please note that
the GLAAS focal point is responsible for compiling and reconciling all responses into one final country
submission in a single PDF survey form before sending to the GLAAS team at WHO.
General instructions
Respondents are asked to choose the response that fits their country situation best and to elaborate on
responses when an open text box is provided. Responses may also briefly highlight achievements and/or
obstacles to progress. Please complete the text boxes to further elaborate on and capture such scenarios,
specific to your country.
Some of the blanks in the fillable PDF have restrictions on what can be entered in the cell. For example, if
a question asks for a numerical value, letters are unable to be written in the cell. For percentages, only
numbers between 0 and 100 are allowed without a percent sign. For other questions, if no is marked as
the answer to the first part of the question, other parts of the question cannot be answered. For some
questions, pop-up windows explaining what can or cannot be entered into the cell will appear. For any
technical issues or questions regarding the fillable PDF, please contact GLAAS at
[email protected].
When monetary values are requested, please indicate the currency when prompted. Please use a single
currency when answering a question.
When writing dates, years should be formatted as YYYY, e.g. 2015. Ranges of years should be written as
YYYY to YYYY (e.g. 2015 to 2020). Avoid using punctuation such as slashes (/) or hyphens (-).
For a majority of the questions, checkboxes are provided in the response sections. Some questions request
that countries check all the applicable responses, while other questions may request that countries select
only one response per category. Throughout the survey, specific instructions, such as “please specify”, “if
yes”, “select all that apply” and “select one per row” have been italicized. Please pay close attention to
these.
If you would like to add a list to a qualitative answer, please do not use dashes or hyphens to indicate each
item.
When answering qualitative questions, please avoid using acronyms. Instead spell out the full name or
phrase.
If there are any qualitative questions for which no answer is available, please indicate “Not available” or
“NA” in the response box. When asked, please include the links to documents referenced in the survey or
attach the documents to your submission.
Contact information and deadline for submission
For any questions on GLAAS, on the process or on the survey content, please contact the WHO regional
office and the GLAAS team at
[email protected]. Please return completed surveys to the WHO regional office
and to
[email protected] by 1 April 2022.
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Glossary
Terms used in the WASH sector can vary by country. The glossary is therefore an essential reference to
avoid misinterpretations.
Absorption: Absorption, or absorption rate, indicates the percentage of official domestic or donor
commitments utilized over a given period. The GLAAS country survey refers to a three-year average
percentage of official domestic or donor commitments utilized.
Affordability: Affordability and the thresholds that determine affordability are defined differently in
different countries and settings. Affordability in the GLAAS country survey refer to measures, targets or
schemes that aim to make access to WASH services or activities more affordable for users.
Concessionary repayable financing: Concessionary repayable financing or concessional loans are
extended on terms substantially more generous than market loans. The concessionality is achieved either
through interest rates below those available on the market or by grace periods, or a combination of these.
Typically these loans have long grace periods.
Coordination mechanism: Coordination mechanisms can take different forms. These mechanisms can be
in the form of a country compact, Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), a sector wide approach (SWAP)
or WASH clusters. Their aim is to ensure that different actors in the WASH sector are working together and
are aware of each other’s work.
Development partners: Donors, international organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
other organizations that contribute to a country’s development.
Disbursements: A disbursement is the release of funds to, or the purchase of goods or services for, a
recipient; by extension, the amount thus spent. A disbursement is the transactions of providing financial
resources, which the two counterparts record simultaneously. It can take several years to disburse a
commitment.
Donor capital commitment: A firm obligation expressed in writing and backed by the necessary funds,
undertaken by an official donor to provide specified assistance to a recipient country.
Faecal sludge: Solid and liquid wastes removed from on-site storage containers, also called septage when
removed from septic tanks.13
Handwashing facilities: Handwashing facilities may be fixed or mobile including a sink with tap water,
buckets with taps, tippy-taps, and jugs or basins designated for handwashing.14
Hand hygiene: Hand hygiene refers to the programmes and activities designed to provide individuals
across a number of settings with the capability, motivation and opportunity to practice hand hygiene.
Accordingly, hand hygiene includes both software and hardware elements. Software refers to activities
that focus on hand hygiene behaviour change activities, through increasing an individual’s capability and
motivation to practice it. Hardware refers to handwashing facilities and consumables such as soap or
alcohol-based handrub, which make the behaviours possible.
Hand hygiene behaviour change: Hand hygiene behaviour change refers to activities aimed at increasing
an individual’s capability and motivation to practice hand hygiene.
Health care facilities: Encompasses all formally recognized facilities that provide health care, including
primary (health posts and clinics), secondary and tertiary (district or national hospitals), public and private
13 WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health (2018).
14 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation: https://washdata.org/
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(including faith-run) and temporary structures designed for emergency contexts (e.g. cholera treatment
centres). They may be in urban or rural areas.15
Household contributions: Include user fees and in-kind contributions made towards operation and
maintenance of community-managed water points or systems.
Human resources capacity: Human resources capacity refers to all the different skills of individuals and
groups that combine and interact to shape the overall capability of a given system or organization.
Hygiene: GLAAS country survey questions consider ‘hygiene’ as hand hygiene specifically. Other hygiene
behaviours (in particular excreta disposal and safe water handling) are also critical to breaking the chain
of infection transmission in the home and community but these are covered in the sanitation and water
sections. For more information see hand hygiene.
Improved drinking-water: Improved drinking water sources are those that have the potential to deliver
safe water by nature of their design and construction, and include: piped water, boreholes or tubewells,
protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater and packaged or delivered water. 16
Improved sanitation facilities: Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate
excreta from human contact, and include: flush/pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tanks or pit
latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs. 16
Local administrative units: Local administrative units are institutional units whose fiscal, legislative and
executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and
political purposes.17
Menstrual health and hygiene (MHH): MHH encompasses both MHM and the broader systemic factors
that link menstruation with health, well-being, gender equality, education, equity, empowerment, and
rights. These systematic factors have been summarised by UNESCO as accurate and timely knowledge,
available, safe, and affordable materials, informed and comfortable professionals, referral and access to
health services, sanitation and washing facilities, positive social norms, safe and hygienic disposal and
advocacy and policy.18
Menstrual hygiene management (MHM): MHM refers to women and adolescent girls are using a clean
menstrual management material to absorb or collect menstrual blood, that can be changed in privacy as
often as necessary for the duration of a menstrual period, using soap and water for washing the body as
required, and having access to safe and convenient facilities to dispose of used menstrual management
materials. They understand the basic facts linked to the menstrual cycle and how to manage it with dignity
and without discomfort or fear.16
Municipal wastewater: Domestic, commercial and industrial effluents, and storm-water runoff, generated
within urban areas.
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs): Generally, a nonprofit organization that operates independently
of any government, and whose purpose is to address a social or political issue and/or provide services to
people.
Nonrevenue water (NRW): NRW represents water that has been produced and is “lost” before it reaches
the customer (either through leaks, through theft, or through authorized usage for which no payment is
made). It should not be used interchangeably with Unaccounted for Water (UFW or UAW) which is a
15https://www.washinhcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/WHO_UNICEF_GlobalProgressReportWASHinHCF_forWeb_2020V2.pdf
16 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation: https://washdata.org/
17 OECD Glossary: https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1550
18 Guide to Menstrual Hygiene Materials, UNICEF: https://www.unicef.org/media/91346/file/UNICEF-Guide-menstrual-hygiene-materials-
2019.pdf
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component of nonrevenue water. NRW includes authorized unbilled consumption (such as water used for
firefighting), whereas UFW excludes authorized unbilled consumption. See below definition of UFW.
Official development assistance (ODA): Flows of official financing administered with the promotion of the
economic development and welfare of developing countries as the main objective, and which are
concessional in character with a grant element of at least 25% (using a fixed 10% rate of discount).19 By
convention, ODA flows comprise contributions of donor government agencies, at all levels, to developing
countries (“bilateral ODA”) and to multilateral institutions. ODA receipts comprise disbursements by
bilateral donors and multilateral institutions. Lending by export credit agencies—with the pure purpose of
export promotion—is excluded.
Operations and basic maintenance (O&M): Includes activities necessary to keep services running.
Operating costs are recurrent (regular, ongoing) spending to provide WASH goods and services such as
labour, fuel, chemicals, materials, and purchases of any bulk water. Basic maintenance costs are the
routine expenditures needed to keep systems running at design performance, but do not include major
repairs or renewals.
Plans: A plan gives effect to decisions based on policy. In some contexts, a plan may be called a ‘strategy’
or ‘road map’. Plans outline implementable actions, achieve policy objectives and provide details on
implementing policy. Plans can assign responsibilities and indicate how the responsible entities will
respond to requirements set forth by policy, law and regulation, the type of training and development that
will be provided, and how financial and human resources will be allocated.
Policies: A policy is a key guiding instrument for present and future decisions. Policies are the principal
guides to action taken by the government to achieve national, sector and/or industry-wide goals.
Publicly accessible: As used in the survey, publicly accessible means that information has been published
or broadcast for public consumption and may be obtained through government offices or is available
online.
Regulations: Rules created by an administrative agency or body that typically include tangible measures
that are necessary to implement and/or enforce the general requirements prescribed in the broader
legislation. Regulations may cover water quality standards, service-level standards, required monitoring
frequencies, requirements for risk management, surveillance requirements and/or audit guidance, etc.
Rural: Definitions of WASH areas are based on national definitions. GLAAS is aware of differences between
national definitions in different countries.
Safely managed drinking-water: Drinking-water is considered safely managed when people use an
improved source of drinking-water that is accessible on premises, available when needed, and free from
contamination. Please see the definition for improved drinking-water for further information. 20
Safely managed sanitation: Sanitation is considered safely managed when people use improved sanitation
facilities that are not shared with other households, and the excreta produced should either be: treated
and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied and transported to treatment off-site, or
transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Please see the definition of
improved sanitation for further information. 20
Sanitary Inspection (SI): A sanitary inspection is an on-site inspection and evaluation, by qualified
individuals, of all conditions, devices and practices in the sanitation system that pose an actual or potential
danger to the health and well-being of the various exposure groups. It is a fact-finding activity that should
19 http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/officialdevelopmentassistancedefinitionandcoverage.htm#Definition
http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/What-is-ODA.pdf
20 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation: https://washdata.org/
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identify system deficiencies – not only potential sources of hazardous events, but also inadequacies and
lack of integrity in the system or that could lead to hazardous events.
Sanitation: This refers to the safe management of human excrement. For our purposes, sanitation does
not include the wider environmental sanitation such as solid waste management.
Sanitation safety plan (SSP): A step-by-step risk-based approach to assist in the implementation of the
2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater. The approach can also be
applied to all sanitary systems to ensure the system is managed to meet health objectives.
Sanitation service chain: All components and processes comprising a sanitation system, from toilet
capture and containment through emptying, transport, treatment (in situ or off-site) and final disposal or
end use.21
Self-supply by individual households: For water supply, this includes private protected wells, collection
from protected springs or rainwater harvesting. For sanitation this includes latrines that are built and
emptied by household members.
Sewerage: The physical infrastructure for conveyance and treatment of sewage.211
Standard: The term “standard” is commonly used to describe a mandatory numerical value in a table of
parameters and limits (such as 10 µg/L of arsenic). However, it is also used to describe technical standards
and policy documents designed to help achieve improved water quality.
Strategy: See ‘plans’.
Surveillance: The continuous and vigilant public health assessment and periodic review of the safety and
acceptability of drinking-water supplies and/or wastewater effluent for its intended disposal or next use.
Targets: Targets are established goals or indicators set out by governments to measure achievements in a
country. Targets are often established in policies, plans or strategies.
Tariffs: Payments made by users to service providers for getting access to and for using the service.
Unaccounted for water (UFW or UAW): Unaccounted for water is the difference between "net
production" (the volume of water delivered into a network) and "consumption" (the volume of water that
can be accounted for by legitimate consumption, whether metered or not). Unaccounted for water
excludes authorized unbilled consumption (such as water used for firefighting). It is a component of
nonrevenue water (NRW). See above definition of NRW.
Urban: Definitions of WASH areas are based on national definitions. GLAAS is aware of differences
between national definitions in different countries.
Wastewater: See municipal wastewater.
Water safety plan (WSP): A comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that includes
all steps in the water supply chain, from catchment to consumer.
21 WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health (2018).
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Survey instructions and specific guidance
The guidance below provides key information, including definitions, to assist in answering the GLAAS
country survey questions. General instructions about how to use the PDF form and how to fill out the
survey are found in the section General instructions for the GLAAS 2021/2022 survey.
Guidance for Section A: Governance
A1: Human rights to water and sanitation
A country’s constitution or other laws or legislation may explicitly recognize the human rights to water and
sanitation as standalone rights, or the rights may be recognized together with other basic needs such as
education and health services to ensure the minimum social and cultural wellbeing of the people.
For more information about the human rights to water and sanitation, please see:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/ESCR/Pages/Water.aspx
A2: National regulations and standards
Key definitions for question A2:
Standard: The term “standard” is commonly used to describe a mandatory numerical value in a table
of parameters and limits (such as 10 µg/L of arsenic). However, it is also used to describe technical
standards and policy documents designed to help achieve improved water quality.
Regulations (or regulatory instruments): Rules created by an administrative agency or body that
typically include tangible measures that are necessary to implement and/or enforce the general
requirements prescribed in the broader legislation. Regulations may cover water quality standards,
service-level/service delivery standards, required monitoring frequencies requirements for risk
management, surveillance requirements and/or audit guidance, etc.
If your country has the same standards and/or regulations for both urban and rural drinking-water, please
respond in both the urban and rural columns, answering the same for both columns.
The questions on sanitation and wastewater are aligned with the sanitation service chain. For more
information on the sanitation service chain, see the Glossary.
Sanitation wastewater standards could be technology-based (i.e. specified technologies, such as minimum
treatment process designs, that are known to achieve a certain level of performance under normal
operating conditions) and/or performance-based (i.e. standards expressed at effluent quality (e.g.
biological oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorus, E.coli)). For more information on the sanitation service
chain regulatory mechanism options, please see Figure 4.4. in the WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and
Health.
A3: Existence of risk management approaches
This question asks if risk management approaches are included in policies or regulations or if risk
management approaches are used in national planning.
Questions a–c focus on if water safety plans, sanitation safety plans or equivalent approaches are included
in policies or regulations. If the approaches are included or used, then complete the other two columns.
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Key definitions for question A3:
Promoted: Means that water safety plans or other risk management approaches are addressed in
policies or regulations but are not mandated to be implemented.
Required: Means that water safety plans or other risk management approaches are addressed in
policies or regulations and that the policies or regulations mandate that the approaches be
implemented.
Sanitation safety plan (SSP): A step-by-step risk-based approach to assist in the implementation
of the 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater. The approach
can also be applied to all sanitary systems to ensure the system is managed to meet health
objectives.
Water safety plan (WSP): A comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that
includes all steps in the water supply chain, from catchment to consumer.
Questions d and e focus on if risk management approaches outlined in the WHO Guidelines on Sanitation
and Health and climate change preparedness approaches are used in national planning. These approaches
do not need to be included in policies or regulations in order to be used in national planning.
A4: Implementation of risk management approaches
This question looks at the extent to which risk management approaches have been implemented. Risk
management approaches can be implemented even if they are not included in policies and regulations, as
indicated in question A3 a–c.
More information about WASH FIT: https://washfit.org/.
A5I – A5II: National WASH policies and plans
It is important to understand the distinction between policy and plan/strategy for this question.
Key definitions for question A5:
Plans/Strategies: A plan gives effect to decisions based on policy. In some contexts, a plan may be
called a ‘strategy’ or ‘road map’. Plans outline implementable actions achieve policy objectives
and provide details on implementing policy. Plans can assign responsibilities, and indicate how the
responsible entities will respond to requirements set forth by policy, law and regulation, the type
of training and development that will be provided, and how financial and human resources will be
allocated.
Policies: A policy is a key guiding instrument for present and future decisions. Policies are the
principle guides to action taken by the government to achieve national, sector and/or industry-
wide goals.
This question should not be used to report regulations, guidelines or laws.
If a single policy or plan/strategy addresses more than one of the WASH areas, respond to each of the
questions in A5 for the WASH areas covered by the combined policy or plan. For example, if your country
has an overarching National WASH Policy, respond to all sub-questions in A5 and cite the name of the
National WASH Policy for each of the areas covered by the policy. The same is true of the distinction
between urban and rural policies and plans/strategies. If there is not a specific urban or rural policy or
plan/strategy, answer for both urban and rural with the name of the overarching policy or plan/strategy.
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For A5I.j (WASH in schools plan/strategy) and A5I.k (WASH in health care facilities plan/strategy), only
report the costs for activities related to WASH in schools or WASH in health care facilities.
Sanitation Policy Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT): To support countries in their
policy development processes and to improve the monitoring of the content of national
sanitation policies, plans and strategies, GLAAS has developed the sanitation Policy
Monitoring and Assessment Tool (PMAT). The PMAT is a tool that supports governments to
dive deeper into their sanitation policies, plans and strategies to see how the documents are
aligned with the WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health.
If you would be interested to learn more about the PMAT or complete the PMAT, please
contact:
[email protected].
A6: COVID-19 preparedness and response plans
Many governments developed COVID-19 preparedness and response plans to address the COVID-19
pandemic. As WASH, specifically hand hygiene, is a front line of defence against infectious disease
outbreaks, this question asks about WASH in COVID-19 preparedness and response plans.
A7I – A7IV: National WASH targets
Considering the SDGs, many governments have established national WASH targets and/or targets for
urban and rural WASH. Report any national, urban and/or rural targets and progress towards the targets
for:
§ Sanitation (A7I)
§ Drinking-water (A7II)
§ Hand hygiene (A7III)
§ WASH in schools (A7IV.a)
§ WASH in health care facilities (A7IV.b)
§ Other targets (A7V)
National targets are those that cover the entire country/territory and do not distinguish between urban
or rural settings. The urban target and rural target columns can be used to report specific targets for urban
and/or rural settings.
For each reported target, carefully detail and describe the types of facilities/services/sources or other
qualities that are acceptable for an area, population or household to be considered covered under the
target criteria and definition.
Many countries have established national targets using SDG criteria. Therefore, it can be useful to review
the following definitions before describing the targets:
Improved drinking-water:22 Improved drinking water sources are those that have the potential to
deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction, and include: piped water, boreholes or
tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater, and packaged or delivered water.
Improved sanitation facilities:23 Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically
separate excreta from human contact, and include: flush/pour flush to piped sewer system, septic
tanks or pit latrines, ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs.
22 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation: https://washdata.org/
23 WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water Supply and Sanitation, https://washdata.org/
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Safely managed drinking-water:23 Drinking-water is considered safely managed when people use an
improved source of drinking- water that is accessible on premises, available when needed, and free
from contamination. Please see the definition for improved drinking-water for further information.
Safely managed sanitation:23 Sanitation is considered safely managed when people use improved
sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households, and the excreta produced should either
be: treated and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied and transported to treatment
off-site, or transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Please see the
definition of improved sanitation for further information.
For sanitation targets, consider what aspects of service provision are captured along the sanitation service
chain. For more information on the sanitation service chain, see the Glossary.
For hand hygiene targets, report targets related to hand hygiene as defined in the Glossary. Do not report
targets related to other types of hygiene such as food hygiene or dental hygiene.
For WASH in health care facilities targets: consider that the World Health Assembly Resolution on WASH
in Health Care Facilities24 urges Member states to “to set targets within health policies and integrate
indicators for safe water, sanitation and hygiene and infection prevention and control into national
monitoring mechanisms to establish baselines, track progress, and track health system performance on a
regular basis,” (2019).
For other targets: Report only targets that have not been reported in the previous questions. Targets on
affordability refer to targets that address the cost of WASH for users. Affordability is defined differently in
different countries and settings.
A8I-II: Equity measures in national WASH policies and plans
A8I and A8II focus on equity measures across different settings and populations. Each population and
setting are defined in accordance with definitions followed by your country. For example, in some
countries, ‘poor populations’ are considered those in the poorest quintile, while others may have a
different definition for ‘poor’ or ‘indigent’ people.
Not all settings or populations exist in each country. If a setting or population does not exist in your
country, check the “This setting/situation / population does not exist in the country” box.
The same populations and settings are asked about in questions B3I-B3II and in questions D4 and D5. The
populations and/or settings where you have checked the box indicating “does not exist in the country”
should also be checked in questions B3I and B3II plus D4 and D5.
A9: Institutional roles and lead agencies
List of ALL government ministries or national institutions with any role in drinking-water, sanitation, faecal
sludge management, hand hygiene, WASH in health care facilities, or WASH in schools. Then classify their
role on a scale of 1 to 3 for each of the subsectors listed in the columns.
Not all ministries or national institutions will have a role in every sector listed in the columns. In this case,
write 1 in the column to indicate that the ministry or national is not involved in the sector listed.
Note that the question contains an example of how to fill out the table in the first row.
24 World Health Assembly (2019) resolution on water, sanitation and hygiene in health care facilities:
https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA72/A72_R7-en.pdf
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This question is complemented by question D2 identifying annual budgets for each entity. The same A9
list of entities should be used in D2.
A10: Coordination between actors
This question refers to all actors with responsibilities in WASH, including government and development
partners. Types of coordination mechanisms include: a country compact, Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU), a sector wide approach (SWAP), WASH clusters or other working groups.
If no coordination mechanism exists, then indicate ‘No’ on question A10.a and move to question A11.
A11: Community and user participation
This question is used for monitoring SDG Target 6.b25 on local community participation.
Carefully read the definitions for the levels of participation and note the distinctions to adequately classify
the levels of participation for each sector.
In particular, low (2), medium-low (3) and medium high (4) levels of participation require only one-
way communication without dialogue or accountability.
High (5) and very high (6) levels of participation require some form of collaboration, dialogue and
accountability between communities / users and government / service providers.
In A11.g, access to participation procedures means that governments/service providers have established
opportunities for participation to take place. The column for participation procedures in water and
sanitation is split into urban and rural populations. The column for water resources management is only
asking for percentage of the total population.
In A11.g.iii, ‘regular fora/councils/meetings’ are those that occur at least twice a year.
In A11.g.iv, a ‘formal feedback system’ is one that is set up by a service provider or government institution
to collect and address feedback/complaint.
25 http://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicators/target-6b/
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Section B: Monitoring
B1: WASH joint sector review
A joint sector review is a government-led periodic process that brings different stakeholders in a particular
sector together to engage in dialogue, review status, progress and performance, and take decisions on
priority actions. Note that alternative names for joint sector reviews include: Annual Water Sector
Conference, Joint Water Sector Review, Multi-Stakeholder Forum, Joint Annual Review, and WASH
Conference.
Partner-led or partner-initiated assessments such as WASH Bottleneck Analysis Tool (WASH-BAT), GLAAS
and JMP coverage estimates do not constitute a joint sector review process.
B2: Data use for decision-making
Data refer to information, monitoring data, figures, and statistics that can be used as evidence. This may
include data such as coverage levels, population growth, financial data, etc. Data may be sourced from
national surveillance agencies, management information systems (MIS), household surveys, etc.
B3I-II: Monitoring equity measures
These questions extend from question A8I-II to understand if measures to reach vulnerable populations
are monitored and reported. Each population and setting are defined in accordance with definitions
followed by your country. For example, in some countries, ‘poor populations’ are considered those in the
poorest quintile, while others may have a different definition for ‘poor’ or ‘indigent’ people.
The populations and/or settings where you have checked the box indicating “does not exist in the country”
in questions A8I-II should also be checked in questions B3I and B3II.
B4: Use of performance indicators to track progress
For B4.a and B4.b, please list the main indicator(s) for each category in the last column.
In B4.c.iii, nonrevenue water (NRW) is not to be used interchangeably with unaccounted for water.
Nonrevenue water represents water that has been produced and is “lost” before it reaches the customer
(either through leaks, through theft, or through legal usage for which no payment is made). It should not
be used interchangeably with unaccounted for water (UFW or UAW), which is a component of nonrevenue
water. NRW includes authorized unbilled consumption (such as water used for firefighting), whereas
unaccounted for water excludes authorized unbilled consumption.
B5: Type of regulatory authorities
A regulatory authority is an agency or body responsible for oversight and authority over regulations.
Depending on the type of governance system, countries may have multiple regulators. This question is
interested in the national regulatory framework and the responsibilities it gives regulators.
In this question, sanitation/wastewater includes sewered services connected to a wastewater treatment
plant as well as planning, emptying and disposal services for on-site sanitation such as septic tanks and
latrines.
For B5.a-c, indicate if there are regulatory authorities for urban and rural drinking-water and urban and
rural sanitation/wastewater. There should be four boxes checked in each row.
For B5.d-f, answer according to the regulatory authority with primary responsibility in each subsector
(drinking-water and sanitation/wastewater; urban and rural).
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B6: Functions of drinking-water regulatory authorities
This question is specific to drinking-water regulators. For each row, please mark two boxes – one box for
urban and one box for rural.
B7: Functions of sanitation/wastewater regulatory authorities
This question is specific to sanitation/wastewater regulators. For each row, please mark two boxes – one
box for urban and one box for rural.
B8: Independent drinking-water quality surveillance
Drinking-water supply surveillance is the continuous and vigilant public health assessment and periodic
review of the safety and acceptability of drinking-water supplies. For each set of columns in question B8.a-
d, please mark one box. In total, each row should have four marked boxes.
B9: Independent wastewater effluent surveillance
For each set of columns in question B9.a-c, please mark one box.
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Section C: Human resources (HR)
C1: National plans/strategies for WASH human resources
Plans/strategies in this question could be broad human resources plans/strategies that address WASH or
specific plans/strategies for WASH human resources.
C2: Human resources needs assessments
A human resource needs assessment is a study/exercise undertaken to see what human resources are
needed in terms of numbers and competencies.
C3: Human resources in government ministries/national institutions
Note that this question focuses on government ministries/national institutions. Non-governmental
organizations should not be considered in this question.
C4: WASH training institutions and programmes
WASH education and training institutions may range from water engineering or training for hand hygiene
promotion. If WASH-specific or WASH-relevant institutions exist, estimate the total number of graduates
or trainees per year.
C5: Constraints to WASH human resources
In this question write either 1, 2 or 3 in each box to indicate the level of constraint. 1 is low or no constraint
and 3 is severe constraint.
C6: Sufficiency of human resources for WASH
For this question, please check one box for sanitation, one for drinking-water and one for hand hygiene.
In total, each row should have three boxes checked (except for row g, which should have two boxes
checked).
C7: Sufficiency of human resources for environmental health
The health sector has a role to play in WASH, in particular core environmental health functions. For more
information on environmental health authorities and their role in WASH, please see section 4.6 of the
WHO Guidelines on Sanitation and Health.
C8: Rights and safety measures for workers
In each row check one box for sanitation and one box for drinking-water. In total, each row should have
two boxes checked.
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Country survey guidance document
2021/2022
Section D: Financing
D1: Existence of a financial plan
The range of responses for this question includes:
- No financial plan: There is no agreed financial plan that allocates funds to this particular WASH
sub-sector/area. This sub-sector/area may be funded from a broader ministry budget or from
other programmes, but no separate line items for this WASH sub-sector/area are identified and
no financial plan is agreed.
- Financial plan in development: Work is in progress to develop separate budget lines or a financial
plan for this WASH sub-sector/area.
- Financial plan agreed, but insufficiently implemented: Budgets or financial plans for the WASH
sub-sector/area are agreed, but allocation of funds is not forthcoming or only a small fraction of
budget, and/or the capacity to implement these plans/projects has yet to be developed. ‘Agreed’
means agreed and publicly available.
- Financial plan is agreed and used for some decisions: A financial plan has been developed for the
WASH sub-sector/area which establishes or identifies financial needs, budget allocations, sources
of funds, and activities necessary to achieve plan goals. Budget allocations/expenditures and
planned/implemented activities may be monitored according to planned activities, but only used
sporadically in decision-making. Budgets and plan activities may or may not be adjusted based on
assessments of capacity and progress. Financing gaps have been identified, but activities to reduce
financing gaps may not be acted upon or monitored consistently.
- Financial plan is agreed and consistently used in decisions: A financial plan has been developed for
the WASH sub-sector/area which establishes or identifies financial needs, budget allocations,
sources of funds, and activities necessary to achieve plan goals. Budget allocations/expenditures
and planned/implemented activities are monitored consistently, while adjustments in planned
activities are made accordingly based on a periodic assessment of capacity and progress. Financing
gaps have been identified and actions to reduce such gaps are planned and monitored.
In some countries there may be several plans each covering a specific area e.g. separate plans for drinking-
water, sanitation and hygiene, separate plans for urban and rural areas, separate plans for different
ministries, and sometimes even different plans for urban differentiated according to utility boundaries and
urban areas not covered by the national utility. Please include descriptions and/or web links to all
agreed/publicly available plans.
D2: Government budget specific to WASH
Line ministry WASH budgets for water, sanitation and hand hygiene are requested in a disaggregated
format, however, it is acknowledged that only aggregated data may be available. Please list all of the
ministries and national institutions involved in water, sanitation and/or hand hygiene (use the list from
question A9) even if data are not available. If data are not available for a ministry or national institution,
leave budget columns blank.
Budget data in this question can be reported in any currency, but please use only one currency in
answering the question.
If the WASH budget cannot be disaggregated among drinking-water, sanitation, hand hygiene promotion
and facilities, WASH in health care facilities, and WASH in schools, please list total budget for WASH in the
most recent fiscal year.
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Country survey guidance document
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Key definitions for question D2:
Capital: Includes fixed assets such as buildings, treatment structures, pumps, pipes and latrines as
well as the cost of installation/construction.
Operations and basic maintenance: Includes activities necessary to keep services running.
Operating costs are recurrent (regular, ongoing) spending to provide WASH goods and services:
labour, fuel, chemicals, materials and purchases of any bulk water. Basic maintenance costs are the
routine expenditures needed to keep systems running at design performance, but does not include
major repairs or renewals.
The last three columns (% Capital, % O&M/recurrent, % Other) are new to the survey. The total across the
three columns should add up to 100% for each row.
If the table in D2.a cannot be completed, please estimate the annual WASH budget in the most convenient
format available in D2.f.
D3: Cost recovery strategies
While some countries have integrated cost recovery into their national strategy, it is possible that cost
recovery is only addressed in some WASH areas (e.g. urban drinking-water) and not others (e.g. rural
sanitation). In D3.a-d tariffs are considered payments made by users to service providers for getting access
to and for using the service.
Operations and basic maintenance: Includes activities necessary to keep services running.
Operating costs are recurrent (regular, ongoing) spending to provide WASH goods and services:
labour, fuel, chemicals, materials and purchases of any bulk water. Basic maintenance costs are the
routine expenditures needed to keep systems running at design performance, but does not include
major repairs or renewals.
D4-D5: Financing for equity measures
Each population and setting are defined in accordance with definitions followed by your country. For
example, in some countries, ‘poor populations’ are considered those in the poorest quintile, while others
may have a different definition for ‘poor’ or ‘indigent’ people.
The populations and/or settings where you have checked the box indicating “does not exist in the country”
in questions A8I-II and B3I-II should also be checked for D4 and D5.
Examples of measures include:
§ Specific budgets for identified disparities (e.g. in rural or slum area with low access);
§ Subsidized water tariffs, with lower rates for low consumption volumes that cover basic needs;
§ Geographic targeting of available funds (e.g. towards rural or interior areas with low access); and
§ Subsidies/grants targeted to specific settings/situations or groups for water connections, or
assistance in the construction of latrines.
D6: Affordability
Affordability schemes may include voucher schemes, fee exemption schemes, reduced tariffs, etc.
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Country survey guidance document
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D7: Absorption of external funds
Please provide an estimate (or specific value) of the proportion of donor capital WASH commitments that
are used. Commitment refers to a firm obligation expressed in writing and backed by the necessary funds,
undertaken by an official donor to provide specified assistance to a recipient country.
D8: Domestic absorption
Please provide an estimate (or specific value) of the proportion of domestic capital WASH commitments
that are used.
D9: External funding
This question is used in monitoring SDG Target 6.a.26 Donor activity and disbursement Information has
been requested specifically for drinking-water, sanitation, and hygiene. Countries may use information
from OECD Creditor Reporting System to identify gross aid disbursements for those donors that do not
channel funds through the national budget process if these amounts are unavailable in national budget or
WASH sector planning or assessment documents (see
http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=crs1).
Responses for D9.a to D9.c should cover external support for water sector policy and administrative
management, water supply and sanitation systems, waste disposal, and education and training in
accordance to OECD-CRS codes: 14010, 14020 to 14032, 14050, and 14081. However, if there is additional
donor funding on hand hygiene that is not captured in those codes, please also include it in your answer
to D9.
In D9.c.i, Funding provided for specific expenditures or lines in national budget, and channelled through
treasury (includes basket funding) refers to targeted budget support, which involves the transfer of funds
to the national treasury as ex-post “financing” of specific expenditures within the budget or of specific
budget lines for the sector. Basket funding can be assimilated to this category.
With regard to D9.c.iv, general budget support is a transfer to the national treasury in support of a national
development or reform policy and strategy to promote good governance across multiple sectors. Support
may be conditional on certain eligibility criteria and meeting specific sector performance indicators (e.g.
targets for health or other basic services). In the response, please estimate a proportion (in currency units,
not as a percentage) of overall general budget support that potentially benefited WASH programmes.
In D9.d ‘Aligned with national WASH plan(s)’ means those external funds that have been directly
channelled to programmes or projects outlined in national WASH plan(s). ‘Per cent (%) of donor funds’
means the proportion of the donor funds identified for WASH that are channelled to programmes or
projects in the national WASH plan(s). ‘Aligned with national plan(s) for the water sector’ indicates that
external funds are channelled to programmes or projects outlined in a national plan for the water sector,
which has a broader scope than WASH, covering all elements of SDG 6, including water quality, water-use
efficiency, water resources management, and water-related ecosystems. It includes the following OECD-
CRS codes: all 140 (water and sanitation), 31140 (agricultural water resources), 23220 (hydroelectric
power plants).
26 http://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicators/target-6a/
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Country survey guidance document
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D10: Sufficient finance to meet targets
This question aims to assess whether there are sufficient funds being allocated, as perceived by the
country, to meet national targets for different WASH areas. Responses should be based on current
financing/funding trends with respect to national budget allocation and external assistance.
D11: Financial flows for sanitation, drinking-water and hygiene promotion
D11 requests annual WASH expenditure data (most recent available fiscal year) for the WASH sector
nationally. Data are requested by funding type/revenue source (e.g., households, government) and by
service type (e.g. drinking-water, sanitation). Expenditure data in this question can be reported in any
currency, but please use only one currency in answering the question
A compiled response to this question can help policy-makers answer the following:
- What is the total expenditure in the sector?
- How are funds distributed among the different WASH services and expenditure types?
- Who pays for WASH services and how much?
WHO, through GLAAS, has developed a detailed methodology for tracking WASH financial flows called
TrackFin, which results in WASH accounts. Currently, several countries are developing WASH accounts to
gain a better understanding of financial flows to WASH.27 It is not expected that countries responding to
D11 in the GLAAS country survey will undertake the intensive process of developing WASH accounts using
the TrackFin methodology. However, estimating expenditures in this question may involve similar types of
calculations methods and may draw on some of the same data sources that are used in WASH accounts
development.
Below are recommended steps to be taken in responding to question D11 as well as definitions and
examples of data sources. These steps should be undertaken and agreed by the country team before
completing the table.
Step 1: Identify currency, units and data year: It is expected that data could be obtained from several
different sources, and it is possible that expenditures will be presented in different currencies other than
the national currency (e.g. national vs. external aid reporting), different units or for different timeframes.
Please attempt to reconcile expenditure data in consistent units and timeframes, however, if this is not
possible, please use/respond with as much data as possible. Use the cells in the table or D11.f to note
where currencies or timeframes do not match.
Step 2: Identify a contact person: Please identify a contact person for this question. When reviewing and
assessing responses to this section, it will be important to understand methodologies and data sources
used, and there may be a need for WHO to follow up with the contact person.
Step 3: Identify available data: Countries should start by identifying relevant data already available through
existing reports and information systems.
Examples of existing information include:
- National planning documents
o Annual development plans
o Medium-term expenditure frameworks
o National budgets and budget execution documents (public expenditures)
o Ministry budgets
27 https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/monitoring-and-evidence/wash-systems-
monitoring/un-water-global-analysis-and-assessment-of-sanitation-and-drinking-water/wash-accounts
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Country survey guidance document
2021/2022
o Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers and planned poverty reduction expenditure
o Local government budgets for decentralized WASH sectors (this may be based on a
sample of local government expenditures)
o Project-specific documentation
- National information systems
o Household surveys, for example UNICEF’s Multi Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)
o National population estimates (breakdown of population urban/rural population
estimates)
o Government financial management systems
o Information on the water sector from national statistics offices
- Sector planning documents and information systems
o WASH sector reports/annual water sector reviews with expenditure data
o Sector information systems
o Sector financing reports produced by the sector regulator
- International databases
o IBNET (water and sewerage utilities performance, average annual water bill/utility
revenues)
o OECD Creditor Reporting System (international public transfers, i.e. external funds)
- Studies, reviews, and assessments
o Relevant studies of the United Nations Economic Commissions
o UN-Water Country Briefs
o World Bank Public Expenditure Reviews (PERs)
o Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic studies
- Utility information
o Utility financial statements or annual reports (tariff revenues/average cost per user)
o Benchmarking reports from utility associations, governments or regulators.
Step 4: Establish WASH sector boundaries: For purposes of this question, the WASH sector boundary has
been defined as services related to the provision of drinking-water, sanitation and hygiene services. This
would include support services to the WASH sector including policy-making processes, governance and
capacity-building activities, as well as any activities in water resources management as it relates to water
and sanitation services.
Step 5: Identify funding units (revenue sources): Country respondents should identify relevant funding
units providing and/or allocating funds to the sector. Some funding units, such as central government
institutions, do this from their own resources, while others channel funds provided by other institutions.
For example, local governments may channel funds received from national authorities or bilateral and
multilateral donors. They may also have their own sources of funding from internally-generated funds
from local resources, property taxes, development fees, etc.
Step 6: Avoid double counting between funding units: To establish overall expenditure in the WASH sector,
financial flows should be computed at the level of the funding unit through which they enter the sector.
A key principle is that one flow should only be recorded as one funding type. For example, donor funding
channelled to local government through the national government should be recorded as
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Country survey guidance document
2021/2022
bilateral/multilateral donor grants. Funds spent by utilities /service providers originate from user tariffs,
grants, loans and ODA and should be recorded across these funding types, as appropriate.
Step 7: User tariffs for services provided: These include payments made by users to service providers for
getting access to and for using the service. For these flows, you will need to include an estimate of the
total tariff revenues received by service providers. For example, this information might be obtained in
IBNET, via the National Statistics Office, through individual service provider financial statements, with
service regulators or through associations of service providers.
Some countries or organizations have gathered data on average tariffs nationally or in different cities,
while other organizations gather and present data on tariff structures at country level. However, few if any
countries consistently and regularly collect data on the total amount of revenue generated through tariffs
paid by users for services provided. In addition to collecting tariff revenue data from service providers, or
if these data are not available, average tariffs could be combined with data on average water use and
population estimates to derive very rough estimates of revenues from tariffs.
In some areas, commercial and industrial facilities may make significant payments to service providers for
water use or wastewater treatment. These payments include tariffs based on volume, high strength fees,
permit and inspection charges, etc. Such information is likely only available through individual service
provider financial statements, with service regulators or through associations of service providers.
If you are able to separate tariffs/charges from households from tariffs/charges from
commercial/industrial facilities, please provide this information in D11.f and D11.g.
Step 8: Households’ expenditure for self-supply: This includes funding provided by households for
investment in self-supply solutions for drinking-water (e.g. private or community wells, small private water
production systems, water tanks), household-level sanitation and expenditures related to handwashing
(e.g. soap) and menstrual hygiene management. In most countries, it is likely that these expenditures will
need to be estimated based on estimated changes in water and sanitation coverage rates, and estimates
of investments in self-provision by households. See “FT2: User expenditure on self-supply” (p.55) in
Methodological Note 4 of the TrackFin guidance document28 for more information on estimating these
expenditures. It would be preferable to at least provide an estimate of those expenses and to provide an
explanation of the estimation method in D11.f.
Step 9: Government expenditures: This includes funds contributed by the government or public authorities
at central, provincial or local level to WASH. These funds are typically government transfers that come
from taxes or other sources of revenues of the government. Such funds would typically be provided as
subsidies for capital investment or operations. This category includes only “pure” grants and excludes
repayable financing, which should be included in the “repayable financing” row of this question.
Data on central and sub-national government funding channeled to the WASH sector should be collected
from a wide range of stakeholders and sources, including national and local governments or other public
funding units. The latter may include common funding baskets, if a sector-wide approach to pool funding
is adopted. In some cases, aggregated data at the national level can be found in established tools for
tracking and planning financial resources. They can also be found in programme budget reporting systems.
Step 10: Bilateral/multilateral donor grants: This category includes only grants from external public donors
and multilateral agencies. These funds can be contributed in the form of grants or guarantees. Other
forms of repayable financing from international donors, such as concessionary loans, are excluded from
this category and should be shown in the “Repayable financing” rows. Data on bilateral/multilateral donor
grants can be sought from the following sources:
28 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241513562
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Country survey guidance document
2021/2022
- The OECD Creditor Reporting System29: This database tracks most transfers in the form of official
development assistance (ODA) from donor countries and international organizations (bilateral and
multilateral cooperation). This is a widely used source of international public transfer data and
offers the possibility of tracking grants and (concessionary) loans separately.
- National and local government financial accounts: These can be used to complement and refine
data from OECD databases at the national level. In the event of conflicting information, however,
it is essential to state which source has been given priority (which will depend on reliability). The
Ministry of Finance should have aggregated reports on transfers from donors, but it may not
differentiate between grants and concessionary loans.
Step 11: Donations and grants: Donations and grants may come from international and national non-
governmental donors, including from charitable foundations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and
civil society organizations. This category must only be used for donations and grants. All forms of
repayable financing should be included in the “Repayable financing” rows. In many developing countries,
voluntary organizations frequently contribute to funding the water and sanitation sector both in cash and
in kind (for example, by digging a well or providing equipment). Such transfers are often not reliably
recorded, and therefore will likely be excluded from estimated donations and grants amounts.
Step 12: Repayable financing: This category includes all types of repayable financing, including
concessionary loans or guarantees. Information on repayable financing to the sector is limited, but some
can be found in existing databases:
- The OECD-CRS database contains information on concessionary lending;
- The International Financing Review compiles data on commercial loans or bonds; and
- The World Bank Private Participation in Infrastructure database reports the amount of capital
investment committed by private operators at the start of a public private partnership contract. It
is commonly used to track private investment in infrastructure. Although private operators
would not typically bring “new” financing to the sector as they are not financing types as such,
they can temporarily bridge the financing gap.
For each funding type, please mention the source(s) of information and indicate where data gaps exist (i.e.
the respondent has attempted to locate the information, but the information is not available).
Additionally, it is important to differentiate between what is not available at all and where insufficient data
are available. Lastly, please feel free to include any comments on how much existing data/estimates reflect
the actual overall sector spending.
29 http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=crs1
24
Riigikantselei
[email protected]
Rahukohtu 3 Meie 07.01.2022 nr 1.4-5/79-1
Tallinn, 15161, Harju maakond
WHO joogiveega varustamise ja
sanitaarteenuste riigiuuringu (GLAAS)
küsimustiku täitmine
Lugupeetud koostööpartner,
WHO on algatanud ÜRO veealgatuse (UN-Water) raames joogiveega varustamise ja
sanitaarteenuste olukorra ülemaailmse uuringu 2021/2022 (The UN-Water Global Analysis
and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water (GLAAS) 2021/2022 Survey)
andmekogumise. Seoses sellega koondab Sotsiaalministeerium Eesti vastuseid GLAAS
küsimustikule, mille vastamise tähtaeg on 1. aprill 2022.
GLAAS riigiuuringus küsitakse teavet joogiveevarustuse ja sanitaarteenuste osutamise ning
kätehügieeniga seotud tegevuste kohta. Küsimused on jaotatud nelja kategooriasse –
juhtimine (poliitika ja planeerimine), järelevalve, rahastamine ja inimressursid ning hõlmavad
ka säästva arengu eesmärgi (SDG) seirega seotud teemasid. Küsimustik ja sellele vastamise
juhend on kirjale lisatud. Täpsemate juhendmaterjalidega on võimalik tutvuda ka Dropbox -
GLAAS 2021 - 2022 country survey package - Simplify your life.
Palume kaasabi Teie vastutusvaldkonda jäävatele küsimustele vastamisel. Oleme teinud
esialgse kaardistuse küsimuste jagunemisest vastavalt ametkondade pädevusele, millele
vastamiseks palume Teie sisendit:
Keskkonnaministeerium: A2-A11 (v.a A7III ja A7IV), B1-B9, C1-C8, D1-D11
Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium: A5I, A5II, A6, A7III, A7IV, A7V, A8II, A9, B2, C1-C7,
D2, D10
Riigikantselei: B osa (säästva arengu eesmärkide seire, Eesti 2035)
Rahandusministeerium: D osa
Terviseamet: A2-A11 (v.a A7I ja A7II ja A10), B2-B4, B6, B8, C1-C8, D2, D10, D11
Tervise Arengu Instituut: AI: A5I, A5II, A7III, A7IV, A7V, A8II, A9, B2, C1-C7, D2,
D10, D11
Statistikaamet: B osa, D osa
Konkurentsiamet: D3 (tariife puudutav)
Eesti Linnade ja Valdade Liit: A7V, A8I, B3I, B3II
Eesti Vee-ettevõtete Liit: C osa (võimalusel ka muud küsimustiku osad)
Palume ka teada anda kes on Teie asutuse kontaktisik küsimustikule vastamisel, et
saaksime vajadusel täpsustada tööjaotust ja korraldada töökoosoleku küsimustiku vastuste
ülevaatamiseks ja kinnitamiseks. Sisulistes küsimustes on Sotsiaalministeeriumis
kontaktisikuks rahvatervise osakonna nõunik Ramon Nahkur (
[email protected], tel
6269 190).
Suur-Ameerika 1 / 10122 Tallinn / 626 9301 /
[email protected] / www.sm.ee / registrikood 70001952
2
Küsimustikule vastamisega tegeleva kontaktisiku andmed palume teatada e-kirja teel
(
[email protected]) hiljemalt 17. jaanuariks. Teie vastuseid küsimustikule ootame hiljemalt
18. veebruariks.
Lugupidamisega
(allkirjastatud digitaalselt)
Heidi Alasepp
terviseala asekantsler
Lisa:
1. GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey
2. GLAAS 2021/2022 country survey guidance
Lisaadressaadid:
Keskkonnaministeerium
Rahandusministeerium
Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium
Terviseamet
Tervise Arengu Instituut
Statistikaamet
Konkurentsiamet
Eesti Linnade ja Valdade Liit
Eesti Vee-ettevõtete Liit
Elen Ohov 6269 241
[email protected]