Subject: Time-sensitive request: Global Health Security Index Data Review & Validation
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are writing to request information connected to the 2021 Global Health Security Index
(https://www.ghsindex.org). The Global Health Security Index will assess country capacity to
prevent, detect and mitigate high-consequence biological events. The purpose of this email
is to provide you with an opportunity to review the preliminary findings of The Economist
Intelligence Unit’s research for your country, which is based solely on publicly available data
and information.
We ask for your assistance in completing the attached data validation request by 1
September 2021. We kindly request that this email and the attached documents are also
shared with your country’s appropriate contacts for global health security issues, including,
but not limited to, the following:
World Health Organization International Health Regulations National Focal Point
World Organisation for Animal Health National Focal Point
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and/or Environment
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Defense
Relevant cabinet, presidential or prime ministerial offices
About this project
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), with the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, is conducting
research for the second edition of the Global Health Security Index. The GHS Index, first
published in October 2019, is a comprehensive assessment of the health security
capabilities of 195 countries around the world.
Why is information about your country included in the Global Health Security Index?
The EIU is conducting research on all States Parties to the International Health Regulations
(2005). Please note that we do not ask countries to release or share sensitive national
security information. Instead, The EIU has collected data from publicly available sources of
data and information.
What next steps should you take?
Please review—and/or assist us by sending the request to the appropriate colleague(s)
within your government—the attached document which presents the research that The
EIU has collected based on publicly available data. The purpose of this data review and
confirmation is to ensure that the Global Health Security Index reflects the most accurate
and up-to-date publicly available information about your country. We, therefore, invite your
government to review and confirm as many of the questions as possible, even if it
cannot do so for all questions. You may have received a similar request from The EIU
previously for other index projects we have conducted. This process follows a similar
structure to those projects.
To assist your government in responding to this data confirmation request, The EIU can offer
alternatives for you to review the data (e.g., through a conference call). If your government
would like to pursue these alternatives or further discuss the data confirmation questions or
process, please contact us as soon as possible so that we can accommodate your request
(please email Michael Paterra at
[email protected]).
Please note that The EIU has not included questions in this data confirmation request for
which the data is drawn from factually-known information (e.g., treaty ratification status) or
where data has been drawn from centrally-collected databases (e.g. proprietary EIU
databases, the World Bank or the WHO).
The document displays 105 of the questions that were used to assess national health
security capacities. It also lists the range of possible answers for each question and
identifies the answer found for your country. We are requesting that appropriate experts
within your government review this document and either agree or disagree with the
answers (as found in publicly-available data and information). If the reviewer(s)
disagrees, you can provide links to supporting material (e.g. laws, plans, ministry websites)
and an explanation in the comment box.
Again, please note that we are not asking for any sensitive national security
information, only publicly-available data and information. The EIU will use the
responses submitted for re-evaluating its scoring. Answers rejected without supporting
evidence will not be re-evaluated, so we ask that you provide an explanation for each score
with which you disagree. Please note that all answers are based on information that is
publicly available, and therefore unpublished documents and source material will not be able
to support a score re-evaluation.
What is the deadline for submitting a response?
We ask that your government complete the data confirmation request within the next
four weeks and no later than 1 September 2021. We appreciate your help and/or ensuring
this request is forwarded to the appropriate person(s) in your government. Please also
inform us if your government chooses not to respond to this request so we do not continue to
contact you over the coming weeks.
The EIU, NTI and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security appreciate any and all
efforts your government can provide in ensuring the Global Health Security Index is as
accurate and up-to-date as possible.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions.
Best regards,
Michael Paterra
Research Manager
The Economist Intelligence Unit
[email protected]
Priya Bapat
Senior Research Manager
The Economist Intelligence Unit
[email protected]
Attachments:
1. Country data for review and validation
Saatja: Michael Paterra <
[email protected]>
Saadetud: 27.07.2021 12:10
Adressaat: <
[email protected]>; SM Info <
[email protected]>
Koopia: Priya Bapat <
[email protected]>
Teema: Time-sensitive request: Global Health Security Index Data Review & Validation
(Estonia)
Manused: Data Confirmation Letter - Global Health Security Index 2021.pdf; Estonia - GHS
Index 2021 data validation.docx
Dear Sir or Madam:
We are writing to request information connected to the 2021 Global Health Security Index
(https://www.ghsindex.org). The Global Health Security Index will assess country capacity to
prevent, detect and mitigate high-consequence biological events. The purpose of this email is
to provide you with an opportunity to review the preliminary findings of The Economist
Intelligence Unit’s research for your country, which is based solely on publicly available data
and information.
We ask for your assistance in completing the attached data validation request by 1 September
2021. We kindly request that this email and the attached documents are also shared with your
country’s appropriate contacts for global health security issues, including, but not limited to,
the following:
World Health Organization International Health Regulations National Focal Point
World Organisation for Animal Health National Focal Point
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and/or Environment
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Defense
Relevant cabinet, presidential or prime ministerial offices
About this project
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), with the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns
Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, is conducting research
for the second edition of the Global Health Security Index. The GHS Index, first published in
October 2019, is a comprehensive assessment of the health security capabilities of 195
countries around the world.
Why is information about your country included in the Global Health Security Index?
The EIU is conducting research on all States Parties to the International Health Regulations
(2005). Please note that we do not ask countries to release or share sensitive national
security information. Instead, The EIU has collected data from publicly available sources of
data and information.
What next steps should you take?
Please review—and/or assist us by sending the request to the appropriate colleague(s) within
your government—the attached document which presents the research that The EIU has
collected based on publicly available data. The purpose of this data review and confirmation
is to ensure that the Global Health Security Index reflects the most accurate and up-to-date
publicly available information about your country. We, therefore, invite your government to
review and confirm as many of the questions as possible, even if it cannot do so for all
questions. You may have received a similar request from The EIU previously for other index
projects we have conducted. This process follows a similar structure to those projects.
To assist your government in responding to this data confirmation request, The EIU can offer
alternatives for you to review the data (e.g., through a conference call). If your government
would like to pursue these alternatives or further discuss the data confirmation questions or
process, please contact us as soon as possible so that we can accommodate your request
(please email Michael Paterra at
[email protected]).
Please note that The EIU has not included questions in this data confirmation request for which
the data is drawn from factually-known information (e.g., treaty ratification status) or where
data has been drawn from centrally-collected databases (e.g. proprietary EIU databases, the
World Bank or the WHO).
The document displays 105 of the questions that were used to assess national health security
capacities. It also lists the range of possible answers for each question and identifies the
answer found for your country. We are requesting that appropriate experts within your
government review this document and either agree or disagree with the answers (as
found in publicly-available data and information). If the reviewer(s) disagrees, you can
provide links to supporting material (e.g. laws, plans, ministry websites) and an explanation in
the comment box.
Again, please note that we are not asking for any sensitive national security information,
only publicly-available data and information. The EIU will use the responses submitted for
re-evaluating its scoring. Answers rejected without supporting evidence will not be re-
evaluated, so we ask that you provide an explanation for each score with which you disagree.
Please note that all answers are based on information that is publicly available, and therefore
unpublished documents and source material will not be able to support a score re-evaluation.
What is the deadline for submitting a response?
We ask that your government complete the data confirmation request within the next
four weeks and no later than 1 September 2021. We appreciate your help and/or ensuring
this request is forwarded to the appropriate person(s) in your government. Please also inform
us if your government chooses not to respond to this request so we do not continue to contact
you over the coming weeks.
The EIU, NTI and the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security appreciate any and all efforts
your government can provide in ensuring the Global Health Security Index is as accurate and
up-to-date as possible.
Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions.
Best regards,
Michael Paterra
Research Manager
The Economist Intelligence Unit
[email protected]
Priya Bapat
Senior Research Manager
The Economist Intelligence Unit
[email protected]
Attachments:
1. Country data for review and validation
--
Michael Paterra (he/him)
Manager
Policy & Thought Leadership
The Economist Intelligence Unit
750 Third Avenue, 5th Floor
New York, NY 10017
E:
[email protected]
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Global Health Security Index —Data Review and Validation Request Introduction The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), with the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Center for Health Security, is conducting research for the second edition of the Global Health Security Index . The GHS Index, first published in October 2019, is a comprehensive assessment of the health security capabilities of 195 countries around the world. The EIU is conducting research on all States Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005). Please note that we do not ask countries to release or share sensitive national security information. Instead, The EIU has collected data from publicly available sources of data and information. This data review and validation request provides the preliminary results of research utilizing publicly available information that assesses Estonia ’s scores for the second edition of the Global Health Security Index ( https://www.ghsindex.org ). This document displays 105 of the questions that The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) has used to assess Estonia for the Global Health Security (GHS) Index . It lists the range of possible answers for each question and identifies the answer that T he EIU has assigned for Estonia . P lease note we do not ask countries to release sensitive national security information . Instead, T he EIU has collected data from public sources of data and information. Additionally, please note that The EIU is currently conducting a series of data checks for these findings, which includes this validation process. As such, these findings are subject to slight changes before publication. Please review each answer carefully. Th is document allows the reviewer (s) to either agree or disagree with the answer. If the reviewer(s) disagree s , we request that the correct ed answer and a justification for that corrected answer be included in the comment box for consideration of a score change . Please note: the GHS Index is based on publicly available data and information. Score changes can only be considered if documentation (e.g. website link to a public law, plan or other source) backing up the change request is included. We invite the reviewer to review and validate as many of the questions as possible, even if the reviewer cannot do so for all questions. The questions are divided by subject matter to facilitate review in case multiple reviewers are involved. If you require assistance with the data validation process or would like to discuss alternatives for providing your responses, please contact Michael Paterra (
[email protected] ). We request that you submit your responses no later than Wednesday, September 1, 2021 . Upon completion, please email the document to
[email protected] . Thank you in advance for taking the time to ensure that the Global Health Security Index reflects the most accurate and up-to-date information possible using publicly available data . Table of Contents CATEGORY 1: Preventing the emergence or release of pathogens with potential for international concern 3 1.1 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) 3 1.2 Zoonotic disease 8 1.3 Biosecurity 16 1.4 Biosafety 25 1.5 Dual-use research and culture of responsible science 28 CATEGORY 2: Early detection and reporting epidemics of potential international concern 32 2.1 Laboratory systems strength & quality 32 2.2 Laboratory supply chains 36 2.3 Real-time surveillance and reporting 38 2.4 Surveillance data accessibility and transparency 42 2.5 Case-based investigation 51 2.6 Epidemiology workforce 55 CATEGORY 3: Rapidly responding to and mitigating the spread of an epidemic 58 3.1 Emergency preparedness and response planning 58 3.2 Exercising response plans 63 3.3 Emergency response operations 66 3.4 Linking public health and security authorities 69 3.5 Risk communications 70 3.7 Trade and travel restrictions 75 CATEGORY 4: Sufficient and robust health sector to treat the sick and protect health workers 78 4.1 Health capacity in clinics, hospitals and community care centers 78 4.2 Supply chain for health system and healthcare workers 81 4.3 Medical countermeasures and personnel deployment 87 4.4 Healthcare access 89 4.5 Communications with healthcare workers during a public health emergency 90 4.6 Infection control practices and availability of equipment 92 4.7 Capacity to test and approve new medical countermeasures 93 CATEGORY 5: Commitment to improving national capacity and financing plans to address gaps, adherence to global norms, and establishment of government transparency 97 5.1 IHR reporting compliance and disaster risk reduction 97 5.2 Cross-border agreements on public health & animal health emergency response 98 5.5 Financing 100 5.6 Commitment to sharing of genetic and biological data and specimens 104 CATEGORY 6: Risk Environment minimizing country vulnerability to biological threats 107 6.2 Socio-economic resilience 107 CATEGORY 1: Preventing the emergence or release of pathogens with potential for international concern 1.1 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) Is there a national AMR plan for the surveillance, detection, and reporting of priority AMR pathogens? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes , there is evidence of an AMR plan, and it covers surveillance, detection, and reporting = 2 Yes, there is evidence of an AMR plan, but there is insufficient evidence that it covers surveillance, detection, and reporting = 1 No evidence of an AMR plan = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a national laboratory/laboratory system which tests for priority AMR pathogens? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, all 7 + 1 priority pathogens = 2 Yes, but not all 7+1 priority pathogens = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 **Note: As defined by the WHO previously, the 7+1 priority AMR pathogens are E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp, N. gonorrheae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the government conduct environmental detection or surveillance activities (e.g., in soil, waterways) for antimicrobial residues or AMR organisms? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there national legislation or regulation in place requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use for humans? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there national legislation or regulation in place requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use for animals? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 1.2 Zoonotic disease Is there national legislation, plans, or equivalent strategy documents on zoonotic disease? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there national legislation, plans or equivalent strategy document(s) which includes measures for risk identification and reduction for zoonotic disease spillover events from animals to humans? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there national legislation, plans, or guidelines that account for the surveillance and control of multiple zoonotic pathogens of public health concern? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a department, agency, or similar unit dedicated to zoonotic disease that functions across ministries? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have a national mechanism (either voluntary or mandatory) for owners of livestock to conduct and report on disease surveillance to a central government agency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there legislation and/or regulations that safeguard the confidentiality of information generated through surveillance activities for animals (for owners)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country conduct surveillance of zoonotic disease in wildlife (e.g., wild animals, insects, other disease vectors)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the national plan on zoonotic disease or other legislation, regulations, or plans include mechanisms for working with the private sector in controlling or responding to zoonoses? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 1.3 Biosecurity Does the country have in place a record, updated within the past five years, of the facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed, including details on inventories and inventory management systems of those facilities? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have in place legislation and/or regulations related to biosecurity which address requirements such as physical containment, operation practices, failure reporting systems, and/or cybersecurity of facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there an established agency (or agencies) responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there public evidence that shows that the country has taken action to consolidate its inventories of especially dangerous pathogens and toxins into a minimum number of facilities? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there public evidence of in-country capacity to conduct Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)–based diagnostic testing for anthrax and/or Ebola, which would preclude culturing a live pathogen? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country require biosecurity training, using a standardized, required approach, such as through a common curriculum or a train the-trainer program, for personnel working in facilities housing or working with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Do regulations or licensing conditions specify that security and other personnel with access to especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential are subject to the following checks: drug testing, background checks, and psychological or mental fitness checks? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Personnel are subject to all three of these checks = 3 Personnel are subject to two of these checks = 2 Personnel are subject to one of these checks = 1 Personnel are not subject to any of these checks = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have publicly available information on national regulations on the safe and secure transport of infectious substances (specifically including Categories A and B)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there legislation and/or regulations in place to oversee the cross-border transfer and end-user screening of especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, and pathogens with pandemic potential? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 1.4 Biosafety Does the country have in place national biosafety legislation and/or regulations? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there an established agency responsible for the enforcement of biosafety legislation and regulations? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country require biosafety training, using a standardized, required approach, such as through a common curriculum or a train the-trainer program, for personnel working in facilities housing or working with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 1.5 Dual- use research and culture of responsible science Is there publicly available evidence that the country has conducted an assessment to determine whether ongoing research is occurring on especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential and/or other dual-use research? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there legislation and/or regulation requiring oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential and/or other dual-use research? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there an agency responsible for oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential and/or other dual-use research? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there legislation and/or regulation requiring the screening of synthesized DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) against lists of known pathogens and toxins before it is sold? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. CATEGORY 2: Early detection and reporting epidemics of potential international concern 2.1 Laboratory systems strength & quality Does the national laboratory system have the capacity to conduct diagnostic tests for at least 5 of the 10 WHO-defined core tests? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, there is e vidence they can conduct 5 of the 10 core tests and these tests are named = 2 Yes, there is e vidence they can conduct 5 of the 10 core tests but the tests are not named = 1 No evidence they can conduct 5 of the 10 core tests = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 The 10 WHO-defined core tests include six which are common across all countries and four which are defined by each country. The six tests common across all countries are: polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for Influenza virus (flu); virus culture for poliovirus (polio); serology for HIV; microscopy for mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis/TB); rapid diagnostic testing for plasmodium spp. (malaria); and bacterial culture for Salmonella enteritidis serotype Typhi (typhoid). Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a national plan, strategy or similar document for conducting testing during a public health emergency, which includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, there is evidence of a plan, and it includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing = 2 Yes, there is evidence of a plan, but there is insufficient evidence that it includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing = 1 No evidence of a plan = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a national laboratory that serves as a reference facility which is accredited (e.g., International Organization for Standardization [ISO] 15189:2003, U.S. Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments [CLIA])? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a national laboratory that serves as a reference facility which is subject to external quality assurance review? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 2.2 Laboratory supply chains Is there a nationwide specimen transport system? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a plan in place to rapidly authorize or license laboratories to supplement the capacity of the national public health laboratory system to scale-up testing during an outbreak? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 2 Yes, but there is evidence of gaps in implementation = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 2.3 Real-time surveillance and reporting Is there evidence that the country is conducting ongoing event-based surveillance and analysis for infectious disease? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, there is evidence of ongoing event-based surveillance and evidence that the data is being analyzed on a daily basis = 2 Yes, there is evidence of ongoing event-based surveillance, but no evidence that the data are being analyzed on a daily basis = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there publicly available evidence that the country reported a potential public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) to the WHO within the last two years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the government operate an electronic reporting surveillance system at both the national and the sub-national level? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the electronic reporting surveillance system collect ongoing or real-time laboratory data? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 2.4 Surveillance data accessibility and transparency Are electronic health records commonly in use? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, e lectronic health records are commonly in use = 2 No, e lectronic health records are not commonly in use, but there is evidence they are used = 1 No evidence electronic health records are in use = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the national public health system have access to electronic health records of individuals in their country? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Are there data standards to ensure data is comparable (e.g., ISO standards)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence of established mechanisms at the relevant ministries responsible for animal, human, and wildlife surveillance to share data (e.g., through mosquito surveillance, brucellosis surveillance)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country make de-identified health surveillance data on infectious diseases publicly available via reports (or other format) on government websites (such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, or similar)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country make de-identified COVID-19 surveillance data (including details such as daily case count, mortality rate, etc) available via daily reports (or other formats) on government websites (such as the Ministry of Health, or similar)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there legislation and/or regulations that safeguard the confidentiality of identifiable health information for individuals, such as that generated through health surveillance activities? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there legislation and/or regulations safeguarding the confidentiality of identifiable health information for individuals, such as that generated through health surveillance activities, include mention of protections from cyber attacks (e.g., ransomware)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Has the government made a commitment via public statements, legislation and/or a cooperative agreement to share surveillance data during a public health emergency with other countries in the region? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 2.5 Case-based investigation Is there a national system in place to provide support at the sub-national level (e.g. training, metrics standardization and/or financial resources) to conduct contact tracing in the event of a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, there is evidence that the national government supports sub-national systems to prepare for future public health emergencies = 2 Yes, there is evidence that the national government supports sub-national systems, but only in response to active public health emergencies = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country provide wraparound services to enable infected people and their contacts to self-isolate or quarantine as recommended, particularly economic support (paycheck, job security) and medical attention? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, both economic support and medical attention are provided = 2 Yes, but only economic support or medical attention is provided = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country make de-identified data on contact tracing efforts for COVID-19 (including the percentage of new cases from identified contacts) available via daily reports (or other format) on government websites (such as the Ministry of Health, or similar)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a joint plan or cooperative agreement between the public health system and border control authorities to identify suspected and potential cases in international travelers and trace and quarantine their contacts in the event of a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, plan(s)/agreement(s) are in place to prepare for future public health emergencies = 2 Yes, but plan(s)/agreement(s) are in place only in response to active public health emergencies = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 2.6 Epidemiology workforce Does the country meet one of the following criteria? - Applied epidemiology training program (such as FETP) is available in country - Resources are provided by the government to send citizens to another country to participate in applied epidemiology training programs (such as FETP) Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Are the available field epidemiology training programs explicitly inclusive of animal health professionals or is there a specific animal health field epidemiology training program offered (such as FETPV)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there public evidence that the country has at least 1 trained field epidemiologist per 200,000 people? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. CATEGORY 3: Rapidly responding to and mitigating the spread of an epidemic 3.1 Emergency preparedness and response planning Does the country have an overarching national public health emergency response plan in place which addresses planning for multiple communicable diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Evidence that there is a plan in place, and the plan is publicly available = 3 Evidence that the plan is in place, but the plan is not publicly available = 2 Disease-specific plans are in place, but there is no evidence of an overarching plan = 1 No evidence that such a plan or plans are in place = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. If an overarching plan is in place, has it been updated in the last 3 years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No / no plan in place = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. If an overarching plan is in place, does it include considerations for pediatric and/or other vulnerable populations? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No / no plan in place = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have a specific mechanism(s) for engaging with the private sector to assist with outbreak emergency preparedness and response? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have a policy, plan and/or guidelines in place to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during an epidemic or pandemic? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, a policy, plan and/or guidelines are in place for more than one disease = 2 Yes, but the policy, plan and/or guidelines exist only for one disease = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 3.2 E xercising response plans Does the country meet one of the following criteria? - Is there evidence that the country has activated their national emergency response plan for an infectious disease outbreak in the past year? - Is there evidence that the country has completed a national-level biological threat-focused exercise (either with WHO or separately) in the past year? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence that the country in the past year has identified a list of gaps and best practices in response (either through an infectious disease response or a biological-threat focused exercise) and developed a plan to improve response capabilities? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, the country has developed and published a plan to improve response capacity = 2 Yes, the country has developed a plan to improve response capacity, but has not published the plan = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence that the country in the past year has undergone a national-level biological threat-focused exercise that has included private sector representatives? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 3.3 Emergency response operation s Does the country have in place an Emergency Operations Center (EOC)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) required to conduct a drill for a public health emergency scenario at least once per year or is there evidence that they conduct a drill at least once per year? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there public evidence to show that the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has conducted within the last year a coordinated emergency response or emergency response exercise activated within 120 minutes of the identification of the public health emergency/scenario? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 3.4 Linking public health and security authorities Does the country meet one of the following criteria? - Is there public evidence that public health and national security authorities have carried out an exercise to respond to a potential deliberate biological event (i.e., bioterrorism attack)? - Are there publicly available standard operating procedures, guidelines, memorandums of understanding (MOUs), or other agreements between the public health and security authorities to respond to a potential deliberate biological event (i.e., bioterrorism attack)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 3.5 Risk communications Does the country have in place, either in the national public health emergency response plan or in other legislation, regulation, or strategy documents, a section detailing a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the risk communication plan (or other legislation, regulation or strategy document used to guide national public health response) outline how messages will reach populations and sectors with different communications needs (eg different languages, location within the country, media reach)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the risk communication plan (or other legislation, regulation or strategy document used to guide national public health response) designate a specific position within the government to serve as the primary spokesperson to the public during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. In the past year, is there evidence that the public health system has actively shared messages via online media platforms (e.g. social media, website) to inform the public about ongoing public health concerns and/or dispel rumors, misinformation or disinformation? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes, the p ublic health system regularly shares information on health concerns = 2 Yes, the p ublic health system shares information only during active emergencies, but does not regularly utilize online media platforms = 1 No, the p ublic health system does not regularly utilize online media platforms, either during emergencies or otherwise = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence that senior leaders (president or ministers) have shared misinformation or disinformation on infectious diseases in the past two years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 0 No = 1 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 3.7 Trade and travel restrictions In the past year, has the country issued a restriction, without international/bilateral support, on the export/import of medical goods (e.g. medicines, oxygen, medical supplies, PPE) due to an infectious disease outbreak? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 0 No = 1 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. In the past year, has the country issued a restriction, without international/bilateral support, on the export/import of non-medical goods (e.g. food, textiles, etc) due to an infectious disease outbreak? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 0 No = 1 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. In the past year, has the country implemented a ban, without international/bilateral support, on travelers arriving from a specific country or countries due to an infectious disease outbreak? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 0 No = 1 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. CATEGORY 4: Sufficient and robust health sector to treat the sick and protect health workers 4.1 Health capacity in clinics, hospitals and community care centers Does the country have a health workforce strategy in place (which has been updated in the past five years) to identify fields where there is an insufficient workforce and strategies to address these shortcomings? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have the capacity to isolate patients with highly communicable diseases in a biocontainment patient care unit and/or patient isolation room/unit located within the country? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country meet one of the following criteria? - Is there evidence that the country has demonstrated capacity to expand isolation capacity in response to an infectious disease outbreak in the past two years? - Is there evidence that the country has developed, updated or tested a plan to expand isolation capacity in response to an infectious disease outbreak in the past two years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 4.2 Supply chain for health system and healthcare workers Is there a national procurement protocol in place which can be utilized by the Ministries of Health and Agriculture for the acquisition of laboratory supplies (e.g. equipment, reagents and media) and medical supplies (e.g. equipment, PPE) for routine needs? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both laboratory and medical supply needs = 2 Yes, but only for one = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have a stockpile of medical supplies (e.g. equipment, PPE) for national use during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 2 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have a stockpile of laboratory supplies (e.g. reagents, media) for national use during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence that the country conducts or requires an annual review of the national stockpile to ensure the supply is sufficient for a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country meet one of the following criteria? - Is there evidence of a plan/agreement to leverage domestic manufacturing capacity to produce medical supplies (e.g. MCMs, medicines, vaccines, equipment, PPE) for national use during a public health emergency? - Is there evidence of a plan/mechanism to procure medical supplies (e.g. MCMs, medicines, vaccines, equipment, PPE) for national use during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country meet one of the following criteria? - Is there evidence of a plan/agreement to leverage domestic manufacturing capacity to produce laboratory supplies (e.g. reagents, media) for national use during a public health emergency? - Is there evidence of a plan/mechanism to procure laboratory supplies (e.g. reagents, media) for national use during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 4.3 Medical countermeasures and personnel deployment Does the country have a plan, program, or guidelines in place for dispensing medical countermeasures (MCM) for national use during a public health emergency (i.e., antibiotics, vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a public plan in place to receive health personnel from other countries to respond to a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 4. 4 Healthcare access Has the government issued legislation, a policy, or a public statement committing to provide prioritized healthcare services to healthcare workers who become sick as a result of responding to a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 4.5 Communications with healthcare workers during a public health emergency Is there a system in place for public health officials and healthcare workers to communicate during a public health emergency? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the system for public health officials and healthcare workers to communicate during an emergency encompass healthcare workers in both the public and private sector? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 4.6 Infection control practices and availability of equipment Is there evidence that the national public health system is monitoring for and tracking the number of healthcare associated infections (HCAI) that take place in healthcare facilities? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 4. 7 Capacity to test and approve new medical countermeasures Is there a national requirement for ethical review (e.g., from an ethics committee or via Institutional Review Board approval) before beginning a clinical trial? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there an expedited process for approving clinical trials for unregistered medical countermeasures (MCM) to treat ongoing epidemics? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a government agency responsible for approving new medical countermeasures (MCM) for humans? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there an expedited process for approving medical countermeasures (MCM) for human use during public health emergencies? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. CATEGORY 5 : Commitment to improving national capacity and financing plans to address gaps, adherence to global norms, and establishment of government transparency 5.1 IHR reporting compliance and disaster risk reduction Are epidemics and pandemics integrated into the national risk reduction strategy or is there a standalone national disaster risk reduction strategy for epidemics and pandemics? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 5. 2 Cross-border agreements on public health & animal health emergency response Does the country have cross-border agreements, protocols, or MOUs with neighboring countries, or as part of a regional group, with regards to public health emergencies? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Does the country have cross-border agreements, protocols, or MOUs with neighboring countries, or as part of a regional group, with regards to animal health emergencies? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 5. 5 Financing Is there evidence that the country has allocated national funds to improve capacity to address epidemic threats within the past three years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there a publicly identified special emergency public financing mechanism and funds which the country can access in the face of a public health emergency (such as through a dedicated national reserve fund, an established agreement with the World Bank pandemic financing facility/other multilateral emergency funding mechanism, or other pathway identified through a public health or state of emergency act)? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence that senior leaders (president or ministers), in the past three years, have made a public commitment either to: - Support other countries to improve capacity to address epidemic threats by providing financing or support? - Improve the country’s domestic capacity to address epidemic threats by expanding financing or requesting support to improve capacity? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there evidence that the country has, in the past three years, either: - Provided other countries with financing or technical support to improve capacity to address epidemic threats? - Requested financing or technical support from donors to improve the country’s domestic capacity to address epidemic threats? Below is the rang e of answers for this question ( Needs to meet at least one of the criteria t o be scored a 1 on this measure): Yes for both = 1 Yes for one = 1 No for both = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. 5.6 Commitment to sharing of genetic and biological data and specimens Is there a publicly available plan or policy for sharing genetic data, clinical specimens, and/or isolated specimens (biological materials) along with the associated epidemiological data with international organizations and/or other countries that goes beyond influenza? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 1 No = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there public evidence that the country has not shared samples in accordance with the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) framework in the past two years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 0 No = 1 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Is there public evidence that the country has not shared pandemic pathogen samples during an outbreak in the past two years? Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Yes = 0 No = 1 Your country was marked as: 1 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. CATEGORY 6 : Risk Environment minimizing country vulnerability to biological threats 6.2 Socio-economic resilience Share of employment in the informal sector Below is the rang e of answers for this question: Greater than 50% = 2 Between 25-50% = 1 Less than 25% = 0 Your country was marked as: 0 Do you agree or disagree with the answer we have selected? Please highlight your response below. Agree Disagree Comments If you disagree, please tell us why. Indicate the correct response from the choices above and provide your justification for that answer in the box below. If you disagree with the assigned answer, an explanation along with publicly available evidence must be provided in order for T he EIU to adjust the score. Centrally-collected data In addition to the above qualitative research, The EIU has also collected quantitative data series from credible data sources, including the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Where data is not available, The EIU has at times used estimation techniques to develop approximate values. Question Source Has the country submitted a report to OIE on the incidence of human cases of zoonotic disease for the last calendar year? Data collected from WAHIS (OIE) . Number of veterinarians Data collected from WAHIS (OIE). Number of veterinary para-professionals Data collected from WAHIS (OIE). Immunization rate (measles) Data collected from WHO . Are official vaccination figures for livestock publicly available through the OIE database (FMD)? Data collected from WAHIS (OIE) . Does the country have a publicly available specific plan in place for pandemic influenza preparedness that has been updated since 2009? Data collected from WHO. Percentage of households with Internet Data collected from the ITU. Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Data collected from the ITU. Percentage gap between males and females whose home has access to a cellular phone Data collected from Gallup World Poll. Percentage gap between males and females whose home has access to the Internet Data collected from Gallup World Poll. How many doctors per 100,000 people? Data collected from WHO. How many nurses and midwives per 100,000 people? Data collected from WHO. Hospital beds per 100,000 people Data collected from WHO. Does the constitution explicitly guarantee citizens’ right to medical care? Data collected from World Policy Center Access to skilled birth attendants (% of population) Data collected from WHO. Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) Data collected from WHO. Are workers guaranteed paid sick leave? Data collected from World Policy Center Has the country submitted IHR reports to the WHO for the previous calendar year? Data collected from WHO. Does the county have signatory and ratification (or same legal effect) status to the Biological Weapons Convention? Data collected from BWC. Has the country submitted confidence building measures for the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention in the past three years? Data collected from BWC. Has the state provided the required UNSCR 1540 report to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (1540 Committee)? Data collected from UNSCR 1540 reports. Extent of UNSCR 1540 implementation Data collected from UNSCR 1540 reports. Does the country meet at least 2 of the following criteria? - Membership in Global Health Security Agenda - Membership in the Alliance for Country Assessments for Global Health Security and IHR Implementation (JEE Alliance) - Membership in the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction (GP) - Membership in the Australia Group (AG) - Membership in the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) Data collected from membership lists. Has the country completed a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) or precursor external evaluation (e.g., GHSA pilot external assessment) and published a full public report in the last five years? Da ta collected from WHO & GHSA. Has the country completed and published, within the last five years, either a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) to address gaps identified through the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) assessment or a national GHSA roadmap that sets milestones for achieving each of the GHSA targets? Da ta collected from WHO & GHSA. Has the country completed and published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) assessment in the last five years? Data collected from OIE. Has the country completed and published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) gap analysis in the last five years? Data collected from OIE. Does the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) report, National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS), and/or national GHSA roadmap allocate or describe specific funding from the national budget (covering a time-period either in the future or within the past five years) to address the identified gaps? Da ta collected from WHO & GHSA. Does the Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) gap analysis and/or PVS assessment allocate or describe specific funding from the national budget (covering a time-period either in the future or within the past five years) to address the identified gaps? Data collected from OIE. Is there evidence that the country has fulfilled its full contribution to the WHO within the past two years? Data collected from WHO. Policy formation Data collected from EIU databases. Quality of bureaucracy Data collected from EIU databases. Excessive bureaucracy/red tape Data collected from EIU databases. Vested interests/cronyism Data collected from EIU databases. Corrupt ion Data collected from EIU databases. Accountability of public officials Data collected from EIU databases. Human rights risk Data collected from EIU databases. How clear, established, and accepted are constitutional mechanisms for the orderly transfer of power from one government to another? Data collected from EIU databases. What is the risk of disruptive social unrest? Data collected from EIU databases. How likely is it that domestic or foreign terrorists will attack with a frequency or severity that causes substantial disruption? Data collected from EIU databases. What is the level of illicit arms flows within the country? Data collected from UNODC. How high is the risk of organized criminal activity to the government or businesses in the country? Data collected from EIU databases. Is this country presently subject to an armed conflict, or is there at least a moderate risk of such conflict in the future? Data collected from EIU databases. Does the government’s authority extend over the full territory of the country? Data collected from EIU databases. Is there a threat that international disputes/tensions could have a negative effect? Data collected from EIU databases. Adult literacy rate, population 15+ years, both sexes (%) Data collected from UNESCO/UNDP. Gender Inequality Index Data collected from UNDP . Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) Data collected from World Bank. Annual social spending as a share of GDP Data collected from World Bank. Level of confidence in public institutions Data collected from EIU databases. Is media coverage robust? Is there open and free discussion of public issues, with a reasonable diversity of opinions? Data collected from EIU databases. What is the risk that the road network will prove inadequate to meet needs? Data collected from EIU databases. What is the risk that air transport will prove inadequate to meet needs? Data collected from EIU databases. What is the risk that power shortages could be disruptive? Data collected from EIU databases. Urban population (% of total population) Data collected from World Bank. Percentage point change in forest area between 2006–2016 Data collected from World Bank. What is the risk that the economy will suffer a major disruption owing to a natural disaster? Data collected from EIU databases. Total life expectancy (years) Data collected from World Bank. Age-standardized NCD mortality rate (per 100 000 population) Data collected from WHO . Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) Data collected from World Bank. Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults) Data collected from WHO and World Bank databases. Prevalence of obesity among adults Data collected from WHO . Access to potable water Data collected from UNICEF . % of homes with access to improved sanitation facilities Data collected from UNICEF . Domestic general government health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $) Data collected from WHO. Share of surveyed population that strongly agree or somewhat agree with the statement “vaccines are safe” Wellcome Trust Global Monitor 2018 Follow up If you would like to receive updates about the Global Health Security Index, including information about launch & events, please sign up at https://www.ghsindex.org (at the bottom of the page). Thank you for taking part in this research. This is the end of the data review and validation request. P lease email this form to
[email protected] . The scores for your country may change after review by T he EIU. We look forward to sharing with you the final results of this analysis.