Vastavalt nimekirjale 20.11.2025 nr 6-3/25/4956-2
Rootsi uue tuumaelektrijaama detailplaneeringu
piiriülene keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine
Rootsi on piiriülese keskkonnamõju hindamise konventsiooni (Espoo konventsiooni)
keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise (KSH) protokolli alusel teavitanud Eestit seoses
detailplaneeringuga, mis on aluseks uue tuumaelektrijaama rajamisele Rootsis Varbergi vallas
Värö poolsaarel.
Detailplaneeringu eesmärk on hinnata ja määrata sobiv kasutus uute tuumaenergiarajatiste jaoks
olemasoleva Ringhalsi tuumaelektrijaama kõrvale koos piirkonna jaoks vajaliku taristuga.
Planeeringualale soovitakse rajada 3–5 väikest moodulreaktorit (SRM), igaüks võimsusega
300–500 MWe. Arendaja Vattenfall AB on esitanud varem loataotluse kahe suure tuumareaktoriga
või kolme kuni viie väikese moodultuumareaktoriga uue tuumaelektrijaama rajamiseks ja
käitamiseks, mille kombineeritud elektrivõimsus on kuni 2800 MWe (vastab soojusvõimsusele
kuni 8400 MW).
Rootsi teavitas 2025. a märtsis Eestit tuumarajatiste kavandamise ja käitamise loataotlusest ja selle
piiriülesest keskkonnamõju hindamisest (KMH), mille kohta Kliimaministeerium küsis asutuste
arvamusi1 . Eesti vastas2 , et ei soovi osaleda piiriüleses KMH menetluses, kuna
tuumaenergiarajatiste ehitamine ja käitamine Rootsis ei muuda oluliselt tuumaohutuse olukorda
Eestis. Lisaks loataotluse menetluse raames läbi viidavale KMH-le tuleb detailplaneeringu raames
teha KSH. Rootsi saadetud konsultatsiooni dokumendis (kirjale lisatud) on selgitatud, et KSH
ulatus on laiem ja viiakse läbi protsessi varasemas etapis, samas kui KMH on detailsem ja
keskendub konkreetsele tegevusele.
Kirjale on lisatud Rootsi saadetud konsultatsioonidokument, milles on lisainfo planeeringu
koostamise protsessi, planeeringuala tingimuste ja piirangute, KSH ulatuse, metoodika ja
uuringute kohta.
Lähtuvalt Rootsi määratud vastamistähtajast ootame 22. detsembriks 2025 põhjendatud arvamusi
selle kohta, kas Eesti peaks osalema Rootsi uue tuumaelektrijaama piiriüleses KSH menetluses
(e-posti aadressil
[email protected]). Juhul, kui peate vajalikuks Eesti osalemist
1 Kliimaministeeriumi 07.03.2025 kiri nr 6-6/25/1067-2
2 Kliimaministeeriumi 14.04.2025 kiri nr 6-6/25/1067-9
Suur-Ameerika 1 / Tallinn 10122 / 626 2802/
[email protected] / www.kliimaministeerium.ee/
Registrikood 70001231
menetluses, on oodatud ka põhjendatud arvamused selle kohta, milline oluline kahjulik piiriülene
keskkonnamõju võib Eestile kaasneda, et sellega saaks arvestada KSH materjalide koostamisel.
Lugupidamisega
(allkirjastatud digitaalselt)
Antti Tooming
elurikkuse ja keskkonnakaitse asekantsler
Lisa: Piiriülese keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise konsultatsioonidokument
Ülle Luiks, 623 1220
[email protected]
0
Documentation for the scoping consultation prior to the
preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) for the Detailed Development Plan
Detailed Development Plan for Skällåkra 6:4 et al., new nuclear power
on the Värö Peninsula, Varberg Municipality
2025-10-22
Assignment Information
Case name EIA for the detailed development plan for Skällåkra 6:4 et al., New Nuclear Power on the
Värö Peninsula
Assignment number 10360194
Author Jessica Andersson, Projektbyggaren Teknik Syd AB (Underkonsult)
Date 2025-10-15
Reviewed by Linda Rosqvist and Anders Strindvall, WSP Sweden AB
Approved by Linda Rosqvist, WSP Sverige AB
Consultant
WSP
Org nr: 556057-4880
wsp.com
Projektbyggaren Teknik Syd AB
Org nr: 556057-4880
projektbyggaren.se
Contact persons
Lena Alström and Elin Friberg, Municipality of Varberg
Cover image: Linda Rosqvist and Anders Strindvall, WSP Sweden AB
All maps and images have been produced by WSP or Projektbyggaren Teknik Syd AB.
Confidentiality: C2 - Internal
Table of contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background to the detailed development plan 1
1.2 Purpose of the detailed development plan 2
1.3 Significant environmental impact 2
1.4 Transboundary environmental impact 3
1.5 Process 3
2 Overview of the Detailed Development Plan content 5
3 Site selection study 6
4 Conditions 7
4.1 Current detailed development plan 7
4.2 Comprehensive Plan and the Detailed Comprehensive Plan for the Northern Coast 7
4.3 Detailed Comprehensive Plan for Väröbacka 8
4.4 Areas of national interest 8
4.5 Biskopshagen Nature Reserve 10
4.6 Natura 2000 11
4.7 Shoreline protection 11
4.8 Nature Conservation Programme 12
4.9 Biotope-Protected Features 13
4.10 Protected and strictly protected specis 13
4.11 Environmental quality standards for water 13
4.12 Preparedness zone 14
4.13 Cultural heritage 14
5 Proposed scope 16
5.1 Temporal Scope 16
5.2 Geographical Scope 16
5.3 Scope by Level of Detail 17
5.4 Thematic scope 17
6 Environmental Assessment Methodology 21
6.1 Impact, Effect and Consequence 21
6.2 Assessment Criteria 22
6.3 Uncertainties 22
6.4 Mitigation Measures and Regulatory Framework 23
6.5 Alternatives 23
7 Investigations Fel! Bokmärket är inte definierat.
Confidentiality: C2 - Internal
8 Proposed Table of Contents Fel! Bokmärket är inte definierat.
9 Requirement for Experties 29
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1 Intoduction
Varberg Municipality is currently preparing a detailed development plan for Skällåkra 6:4 et al., concerning new
nuclear power facilities on the Värö Peninsula. As the detailed development plan is expected to result in significant
environmental impact, a strategic environmental assessment must be conducted, and an environmental impact
assessment (EIA) prepared.
In accordance with Chapter 6, Section 10 of the Swedish Environmental Code (Miljöbalken), a scoping consultation
regarding the scope and level of detail of the environmental impact assessment must be carried out. The
consultation shall be held with municipalities, county administrative boards, and other authorities that, due to their
specific environmental responsibilities, may be affected by the plan. This memorandum serves as the basis for such
consultation.
1.1 Background to the Detailed Development Plan
The Swedish Parliament has adopted a national target for electricity production to be entirely fossil-free by the
year 2040. To meet the increasing demand for electricity, all available fossil-free energy sources must be expanded,
including nuclear power. Nuclear energy can generate large amounts of electricity using small quantities of fuel and
limited land area and will be a key component of the fossil-free energy system that will meet Sweden’s future
electricity needs. To achieve the national target and increase electricity production, Vattenfall aims to enable the
establishment of new nuclear power in Sweden.
Figure 1. Location of the detailed development plan area on the Värö Peninsula, just north of Varberg (red circle). Map source:
Lantmäteriet.
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Parts of the area in question on the Värö Peninsula are currently governed by an existing detailed development
plan: “Proposal for amendment and extension of the city plan for Ringhals (VÄ56)” (adopted by the Building
Committee of Varberg Municipality in 1986).
As Vattenfall intends to expand the planned operational area to accommodate new nuclear power facilities, a new
detailed development plan is required. Vattenfall has therefore submitted a planning application to initiate the
development of a new plan for the area. Through a decision dated 2023-12-14 (Ref. SBK 2023/1450) by the
Building Committee of Varberg Municipality, Vattenfall has received a positive planning notification.
1.2 Purpose of the Detailed Development Plan
The purpose of the new detailed development plan is to assess the suitability of developing new nuclear power
facilities adjacent to the Ringhals nuclear power plant, along with the supporting infrastructure required for the
area, such as workshops, offices, parking, staff accomodation, and substations. The plan aims to enable the land
use designation “Technical facility for energy production – nuclear power”, where the aforementioned elements
constitute complementary functions.
1.3 Significant Environmental Impact
According to Chapter 6, Sections 5–7 of the Environmental Code, the municipality is required to conduct a
screening of environmental effects when a plan is prepared or amended, in order to determine whether the
implementation of the plan is likely to result in significant environmental impact (SEI). Provisions regarding which
plans are subject to strategic environmental assessment and screening are found in Chapter 6, Sections 3–8 of the
Environmental Code. Sections 2–5 of the Environmental Assessment Ordinance contain provisions on which plans
are presumed to result in significant environmental effects and the basis for assessing such effects.
The Municipality of Varberg conducted a screening for significant environmental impact on 2 October 2025 (Ref.
SBK 2023–1450).The detailed development plan is considered likely to entail a significant environmental impact, as
it sets out the prerequisites for a permit-requiring activity that is deemed to have significant environmental impact
under Chapter 6, Section 2 of the Environmental Assessment Ordinance (2017:966).This means that a strategic
environmental assessment (SEA) shall be conducted, and an environmental impact assessment (EIA) report shall be
prepared in accordance with the content requirements of the Environmental Code.
It is important to note that, in connection with the permitting process under the Environmental Code for the
construction and operation of a new nuclear power plant on the Värö Peninsula, a specific environmental
assessment will be conducted. This should not be confused with the strategic environmental assessment required
for the detailed development plan. The difference lies in the fact that strategic environmental assessments apply to
plans and programmes, while specific environmental assessments concern concrete activities and measures. The
strategic assessment is broader and conducted earlier in the process, whereas the specific assessment is more
detailed and focused on a particular activity. See Table 1.
Table 1. Difference Between Strategic Environmental Assessment and Project-Specific Environmental Assessment
Function Strategic Environmental Assessment Project-specific Environmental Impact Assessment
Scope Plans and programmes, for example Specific projects and activities
detail development plans
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Purpose To assess the environmental impacts of a To assess the environmental impacts of a specific
specific proposed project proposed activity
Timing At a later stage, once the detail development plan
At an early stage in the planning
has become legally binding, or in parallel with the
process, and in parallel with the
strategic assessment
preparation of the detail development
plan
Focus More detailed and concrete, for example
Broad and forward-looking
concerning materials and emissions related to the
specific project
Relationship between Provides the foundation and context for Builds on the strategic assessment to enable more
the two the specific assessment detailed analyses and assessment of potential
effects and impacts
1.4 Transboundary Environmental Effects
The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, commonly referred to as the
Espoo Convention, is an environmental protection treaty ratified by Sweden. The convention is supplemented by
the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment, which Sweden has also signed. The purpose of the
convention is to ensure that its parties assess the environmental impact of certain activities at an early stage of
planning, and that they notify and consult with one another regarding activities listed in the convention that are
likely to cause significant adverse transboundary environmental effects.
The present detailed development plan proposal permits activities that, under the Espoo Convention, entail an
obligation to consult with affected neighbouring countries. Consultation under the Espoo Convention takes place
within the framework of the detailed planning process under the Planning and Building Act (2010:900), the
strategic environmental assessment under Chapter 6 of the Environmental Code, and the Environmental
Assessment Ordinance (2017:966), as well as in connection with the specific environmental assessment.
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket) coordinates the Espoo consultation. Varberg
Municipality and Vattenfall maintain an ongoing dialogue with the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
regarding the design and implementation of the Espoo consultation.
1.5 Process
Parts of the area in question on the Värö Peninsula are currently covered by an existing detailed development plan:
“Proposal for Amendment and Extension of the City Plan for Ringhals (VÄ56)” (adopted by the Building Committee
of Varberg Municipality in 1986). As Vattenfall intends to expand the area designated by the detailed development
plan to enable the establishment of new nuclear power facilities, a new detailed development plan is required.
The detailed development plan will be prepared using the so-called extended procedure (see Figure 2).
The extended procedure is applied when the standard procedure cannot be used and must be used if the proposal
is expected to result in significant environmental effects. Since the extended procedure is applied, the decision to
adopt the detailed development plan will be made by the Municipal Council of Varberg Municipality.
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Figure 2. Detailed development plan process – extended procedure.Source: Projektbyggaren Teknik AB.
In addi on to a new detailed development plan for the area in ques on, permits under the Environmental Code
and the Nuclear Technology Act are also required. Under current regula ons, an applica on for a new nuclear
facility must be submi ed both to the Swedish Radia on Safety Authority, which processes the applica on under
the Nuclear Technology Act, and to the Land and Environment Court, which processes the applica on under the
Environmental Code.
The cases are then forwarded to the Government, which decides on permissibility under the Environmental Code
and grants a permit under the Nuclear Technology Act. If the Government grants permissibility, the case is
returned to the Land and Environment Court, which then decides on the permit under the Environmental Code and
any associated permit conditions. Both the application under the Nuclear Technology Act and the application under
the Environmental Code must include an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report.
The various procedures under the Planning and Building Act, the Environmental Code, and the Nuclear Technology
Act run in parallel (see Figure 3)
Figure 3. The figure illustrates the parallel process between the permitting procedures under the Nuclear Technology Act, the
Environmental Code, and the Planning and Building Act (Projektbyggaren Teknik Syd AB, 2025).
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2 Overview of the Detailed Development Plan
Within parts of the planning area, the forthcoming detailed development plan aims to enable the establishment of
a new nuclear power facility adjacent to the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant. The plan area is intended to
accommodate the construction of between three and five Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). Each nuclear reactor
unit comprises a reactor section and a turbine section, with an approximate capacity of 300–500 MWe. The reactor
units are independent of each other but share common service functions, such as seawater intake, maintenance
workshops, waste management etcetera.
The nuclear reactors currently under consideration for the project are based on light water reactor (LWR)
technology, meaning that enriched uranium is used as fuel, and ordinary water serves as both coolant and
moderator. Light water reactors are available in two designs: boiling water reactors (BWR) and pressurized water
reactors (PWR).
In addition to enabling the construction of a new nuclear power facility, the detailed development plan will also
provide opportunities for other types of land use indirectly related to the power plant, such as temporary
accommodation (hostels, cabin villages, camping areas). Other potential functions include a restaurant, visitor
centre, sports facility, multi-storey car park, or small convenience store. Investigations are currently ongoing to
determine which supporting functions will be required for the facility. Furthermore, the possibility of including a
new harbour (either permanent or temporary) within the scope of the detailed development plan is currently being
evaluated.
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3 Site Selection Study
In accordance with Chapter 2, Section 6 of the Swedish Environmental Code (Miljöbalken), the location of the
proposed development must be selected based on the site’s suitability, ensuring that the intended purpose can be
achieved with the least possible intrusion and inconvenience to human health and the environment. As the
proposed activity requires the use of new land areas the choice of location must also take into account the
resource management provisions in Chapters 3 and 4 of the Environmental Code.
A site selection study has been conducted from both a national and subsequently a local perspective.
In the evaluation of the various location alternatives, both fundamental conditions (such as available land area,
electricity capacity, etc.) and the requirements of the Environmental Code have been considered.
In the final evaluation, the advantages of the current planning area were assessed to be significantly greater
compared to the other alternatives.
The site selection study will be presented in full in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for the
detailed development plan.
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4 Conditions
4.1 Current Detailed Development Plans
The planning area is located adjacent to the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant on the Värö Peninsula.
The area is largely covered by existing plans, including the “Proposal for Amendment and Extension of the City Plan
for Ringhals (VÄ56),” adopted by the Building Committee in 1986, and the “Detailed Development Plan for Wind
Power Facility (VÄ94),” adopted by the Municipal Executive Committee in 2011.
VÄ94
VÄ56
Figure 4. Existing detailed development plans on the Värö Peninsula. Source: Varbergs kommun (www.varberg.se)
The city plan for Ringhals covers the entire Ringhals area and primarily designates the land for heavy industrial use,
with a maximum building height of 83 meters above sea level.
The detailed development plan for the wind power facility aims to enable wind turbines within the area but does
not affect the publicly accessible coastal strip.
4.2 Comprehensive Plan and Detailed Comprehensive Plan for the Northern
Coast
Varberg Municipality has adopted a planning strategy (approved by the Municipal Council on 18 June 2024).
The planning strategy is a tool intended to keep the comprehensive plan up to date. The outcome of the strategy
indicates that the Comprehensive Plan for Varberg Municipality (2010) has lost relevance in certain areas and
should be considered outdated in its entirety.
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Work is currently underway in Varberg Municipality to develop a new comprehensive plan to replace the current
plan (CP 2010).
The new comprehensive plan has been subject to public consultation. In the proposed plan, it is stated that existing
land use (industry and related activities) should continue. Certain parts of the Värö Peninsula are designated as
investigation areas for wind power (in accordance with the current “Detailed Development Plan for Wind Power
Facility (VÄ94),” adopted by the Municipal Executive Committee in 2011).
The planning strategy also notes that several new conditions have emerged for the geographic area concerning the
Supplementary Plan for the Northern Coast. These include advanced planning for Väröbacka, the need to adapt to
nationally significant values, and new requirements related to climate adaptation, among other factors.
In light of this, the guidance provided by the comprehensive plan for the geographic area needs to be reviewed.
The Supplementary Plan for the Northern Coast (2017) should therefore be considered outdated in its entirety.
4.3 Detailed Comprehensive Plan for Väröbacka
Varberg Municipality is currently preparing a new Supplementary Comprehensive Plan for Väröbacka. The purpose
of this plan is to provide detailed guidance for the development of a new railway station and the continued
expansion of Väröbacka. In the proposed supplementary plan, it is stated that the emergency preparedness plans
for the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant affect future land use within the plan area.
The proposal for the Supplementary Comprehensive Plan for Väröbacka was subject to public consultation in early
2024.
4.4 Areas of National Interest
An area of national interest is a land or water area considered to hold values of national significance and must
therefore be protected from actions that may harm these values. Such areas may include those designated for
nature conservation, transportation, cultural heritage, outdoor recreation, or commercial fishing. These interests
must be considered in physical planning, including comprehensive and detailed development planning, as well as in
permitting processes. The values within an area of national interest must not be significantly harmed. The
provisions regarding national interests are found in Chapters 3 and 4 of the Environmental Code.
Areas of national interest must be protected from actions that may significantly harm them. The assessment of
what constitutes significant harm is always site-specific and depends on the nature and scale of the proposed
activity. Generally, any intervention that causes an area to lose the values for which it was designated should be
considered significantly harmful (General Guidelines SNV NFS 2005:17).
The following areas of national interest may be affected by the detailed development plan:
National Interest for Energy Production (Chapter 3, Section 8) - Areas designated as being of national interest for
energy production are considered of strategic importance for national energy supply. These areas are designated
to ensure a secure and sustainable energy system and must be taken into account in spatial planning and
permitting processes. The Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) has been tasked with reviewing all areas of
national interest for energy production by 25 March 2026. The area surrounding the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant
on the Värö Peninsula is designated as a national interest for energy production, meaning it is strategically
important for electricity and power supply in Sweden.
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The national interest area includes not only the nuclear facility but also Videbergshamnen, the substation, and
connection lines to the next transmission grid station. The detailed boundaries of the national interest area are
classified.
National interest for energy distribution (Chapter 3, Section 8) - Areas of national interest for energy distribution are
land and water areas specifically designated to protect critical infrastructure in the energy system, such as power
lines and transformer stations.
The purpose is to safeguard these areas from actions that may hinder their development or use, in order to ensure
energy supply—particularly during the ongoing energy transition. The area surrounding the Ringhals Nuclear Power
Plant on the Värö Peninsula is designated by the Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) as an area of
national interest for energy transmission. The designation also includes the connection lines from each respective
area of national interest to the national transmission grid.
National interest for outdoor recreation and tourism (Chapter 4, Section 2 of the Environmental Code – Coastal
Zone) - According to Chapter 4, Section 2 of the Environmental Code, the interests of tourism and outdoor
recreation—particularly mobile outdoor activities—must be given special consideration when assessing the
permissibility of development projects or other environmental interventions in areas designated for these
purposes. This means that in planning and permitting processes for areas with high values for tourism and
recreation, careful consideration must be given to how proposed actions may affect opportunities for outdoor
activities and tourism.
National interest for highly developed coastal zones (Chapter 4, Section 4 of the Environmental Code – Coastal Area)
- According to Chapter 4, Section 4 of the Environmental Code, a highly developed coastal zone is a geographic
area of national interest due to its significant natural and cultural values. These areas are protected from
development that could significantly harm these values. The purpose is to prevent further fragmentation of the
natural and cultural environment.
National interest for commercial fishing in the coastal zone (Chapter 3, Section 5 – Offshore Värö Peninsula) -
National interest for commercial fishing in the coastal zone means that certain areas are of great importance for
the country’s professional fishing industry and are therefore protected from actions that may hinder fishing
activities.These areas are essential to ensure that commercial fishing can be conducted efficiently and that
necessary infrastructure, such as fishing harbours, is available.
National interest for nature conservation (Chapter 3, Section 6 of the Environmental Code – Klosterfjorden-
Getterön)- National interest for nature conservation under Chapter 3, Section 6 of the Environmental Code means
that areas with significant natural values must be protected from actions that may harm these values.
This is a national interest and must be considered and safeguarded in spatial planning.
National interest for shipping lanes (Chapter 3, Section 8 of the Environmental Code – Shipping route by
Videbergshamnen) - A national interest for shipping lanes means that a specific water area is important for
maritime transport and holds nationally significant values. These areas must be protected from actions that may
impair navigation or the values associated with the shipping lane.
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National interest for harbour (Chapter 3, Section 8 of the Environmental Code – Videbergshamnen and its
approach)- A national interest for harbour means that a specific harbour area is of national importance for
maritime transport and must therefore be protected from actions that may hinder harbour operations. This means
the harbour plays an important role in Sweden’s economy and infrastructure and must be considered in spatial
planning.
National interest for transportation (Chapter 3, Section 8 of the Environmental Code – E6 and Västkustbanan)-
National interest for transportation means that an area is of national importance for roads, railways, airports,
ports, or electronic communication. These areas must be protected from actions that may hinder the development
or use of communication facilities.
4.5 Biskopshagen Nature Reserve
Parts of the planning area are located within the Biskopshagen Nature Reserve (see Figure 5).
The development of nuclear power in the area will affect the Biskopshagen Nature Reserve.
Vattenfall has therefore submitted a formal request to the County Administrative Board of Halland to revoke parts
of the nature reserve designation. The handling of this request is managed by the County Administrative Board of
Halland and, at the time of writing, no decision has been made.
Border with the
nature reserve
is under
investigation
Biskopshagen Nature Reserve
Figure 5. Biskopshagen Nature Reserve and preliminary planning area boundary (pink). Note that the boundary toward the
nature reserve in the west is under investigation (WSP 2025).
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4.6 Natura 2000
The planning area is located directly adjacent to the Natura 2000 site Båtafjorden (SE0510176), see Figure 6.
The area is designated as a Natura 2000 site under the Birds Directive (SPA).
The purpose of Natura 2000 sites designated under the Birds Directive is to protect and preserve habitats for wild
birds within the EU.This is achieved by maintaining or restoring a favourable conservation status for the bird
species and their habitats listed in the directive.
Ringhals nuclear power plant
Natura 2000 area Båtafjorden
Figure 6. Natura 2000 site Båtafjorden. Source: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
(https://skyddadnatur.naturvardsverket.se/)
4.7 Shoreline Protection
Large parts of the planning area are subject to shoreline protection under Chapter 7 of the Environmental Code.
Exceptions apply to areas where shoreline protection has been revoked through existing detailed development
plans. Figure 7 shows the extent of shoreline protection.
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Figure 7. Areas subject to current shoreline protection regulations. In black: areas where shoreline protection has been revoked
via detailed development plans. In purple: areas where shoreline protection regulations apply. In green: areas not subject to
shoreline protection.
Shoreline protection will be addressed in the new detailed development plan intended for the area.
This will be done through a planning provision for revocation of shoreline protection.
Specific reasons for the revocation will be stated in the planning documents.
4.8 Nature Conservation Programme
The municipality has developed a nature conservation programme, in which parts of the Värö Peninsula are
included in Site 102. Additionally, Site 101 (Båtafjorden) and Site 134 (Gloppes) may be affected by the detailed
development plan.
Site 102 largely overlaps with the Biskopshagen Nature Reserve, including an area north of the reserve containing a
wetland. The area consists of a coastal environment with striking geology and barren heathland, linked to historical
land use and featuring a characteristic and partly species-rich flora. The site is classified as Class III (high nature
value).
Site 101 comprises the inner parts of Båtafjorden. The area is dominated by extensive coastal meadows and
includes open heathland at Bålenäsa and extending toward Biskopshagen. The site is part of the Natura 2000 area
Båtafjorden. With its large area of well-grazed coastal meadows, rich flora, and exceptionally diverse birdlife,
Båtafjorden is of the highest nature value. Together with Getterön, it is the most highly valued bird habitat in
northern Halland, and only a few areas in Sweden have similar density and abundance of breeding waders.
The site is classified as Class I (particularly high nature value).
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Site 134 is an open and scenic area with striking and dramatic geology, including terraced gneiss formations and an
impressive shingle field. The area is important for outdoor recreation and is classified as Class III (high nature
value).
4.9 Biotope-Protected Features
Within and adjacent to the planning area, 112 features protected under general biotope protection regulations
have been identified. These include 41 stone cairns, 17 stone walls, 19 open ditches, nine field islets, four springs,
ten wetlands, and one avenue of trees. Most of these features are located in the small-scale agricultural landscape
southwest of the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant. Additional features may be identified as further inventories are
conducted in the area.
Impacts on biotope-protected features and the need for exemptions related to the construction of the nuclear
facility will be assessed and, if necessary, included in the environmental permitting process.
For other measures enabled by the detailed development plan or actions that need to be implemented at an
earlier stage, impacts will be assessed and any exemption applications submitted to the County Administrative
Board.
4.10 Protected and strictly protected specis
The EU species protection framework comprises several directives aimed at conserving biodiversity within Member
States, primarily the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and the Birds Directive. These directives seek to conserve
habitats and threatened species through protection, prohibition of disturbance, and the establishment of Natura
2000 sites.
Swedish species protection is regulated by the Species Protection Ordinance (2007:845), which includes protection
provisions based on both EU legislation and international agreements, as well as national regulations. The
application of these provisions varies, as some are based on EU directives and others on Swedish legislation.
Several inventories of protected species on land and in the marine environment of the Värö Peninsula have been
conducted. These inventories have identified several species protected under the Species Protection Ordinance,
including harbour porpoise, vascular plants, smooth snake, bats, hazel dormouse, frogs, and smaller newts.
An assessment is currently underway to determine the impact on these protected species and whether exemptions
from species protection regulations will be required.
For areas subject to environmental permitting for the nuclear facility, any exemptions will be handled as part of the
permitting process. For other parts of the planning area not covered by the environmental permit, separate
exemption applications will be submitted if needed. In these areas, consultations under Chapter 12, Section 6 of
the Environmental Code may also be required.
4.11 Environmental Quality Standards for Water
The Värö Peninsula borders two surface water bodies: Vändelsö Archipelago (SE571720-120640) and Northern
Central Halland Coastal Waters (SE570000-120701). Both water bodies are classified as having moderate ecological
status and do not meet good chemical status.
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4.12 Preparedness Zone
The Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant is surrounded by an inner and an outer preparedness zone, as defined by the
County Administrative Board. The area within five kilometers of the facility constitutes the inner zone, while the
area between 5 and 25 kilometers constitutes the outer preparedness zone. These zones are delineated by roads
and other natural boundaries, meaning the distances are not exact.
In addition to the emergency zones, there is also a planning zone, which extends approximately 100 kilometers
from the nuclear facility.The County Administrative Board, together with other authorities, has established clear
procedures to protect the public in the event of an accident, such as evacuation to another location or advising the
public to remain indoors and take iodine tablets.
New preparedness zones may be established as a result of the proposed nuclear activities enabled by the detailed
development plan.
4.13 Cultural Heritage
The Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant is identified in Varberg Municipality’s cultural heritage programme.
The operational area holds clear cultural-historical values from societal, industrial, and architectural perspectives.
The facility is considered to have symbolic value, although no formal preservation value is currently assigned. The
cultural heritage programme describes, among other things, the plant’s characteristic chimneys, the strict
southwest–northeast orientation of the buildings, and the geometrically placed embankments covered with
crushed stone, which are distinctive features of the site.
The area between the Ringhals Nuclear Power Plant and the nature reserve currently consists of a small-scale,
culturally historic agricultural landscape. It is made up of grazing land with heathland, rocky outcrops, and wetter
areas. Parts of the area are overgrown. Although the land is not cultivated, it is used for grazing
Within the planning area, there are several known ancient monuments and other cultural heritage remains.
Archaeological investigations are currently underway to delineate the extent of the remains located just east of the
nature reserve.
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Investigations are underway for
these ancient remains
Figure 8. Presence of ancient monuments and other cultural heritage remains within the area, including marked areas subject to
further investigation. Source: Swedish National Heritage Board, Fornsök – Data extract 2025-10-19
(https://app.raa.se/open/fornsok/).
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5 Proposed scope
5.1 Temporal scope
The temporal scope delimitation is limited to the year 2045, as this is the year when the full development rights are
expected to have been fully utilized.
5.2 Geographical scope
The spatial delimitation largely corresponds to the boundary of the planning area, as illustrated in Figure 9.
However, for certain environmental aspects, impacts may also occur outside the designated area. For example, in
relation to noise pollution and environmental quality standards for water, the geographical scope is extended.
Consequently, the affected geographical area varies depending on the aspect being studied. An investigation is
currently underway regarding the detailed planning boundary to the west, adjacent to the nature reserve.
Preliminary demarcation of
the planning area
The border with
the nature
reserve is under
investigation
Figure 9. Preliminary boundary of the planning area marked in red. Note that the boundary toward the nature reserve in the west
is currently under investigation (WSP 2025).
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5.3 Scope and Level of Detail
According to Chapter 6, Section 12 of the Environmental Code, the scope and level of detail of an Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) shall be reasonable with regard to:
1. assessment methods and current knowledge,
2. the content and level of detail of the plan or programme,
3. the stage reached in the decision-making process for the plan or programme,
4. that certain issues may be better assessed in connection with the review of other plans and programmes
or in the permitting process for specific activities or measures, and
5. public interest.
5.4 Thematic scope
5.4.1 Analysis of Aspects According to Chapter 6 of the Swedish Environmental Code
Based on the aspects listed in Chapter 6, Section 2 of the Environmental Code, an analysis has been conducted to
identify which aspects may be considered to result in significant environmental effects.
1. Population and Human Health,
Recreation and Outdoor Activities – Once the operational area is developed, the land within the area will no longer
be accessible for recreation and outdoor activities. Access to the undeveloped parts of the Värö Peninsula and the
Biskopshagen Nature Reserve may be restricted. Access will also be limited during the construction phase.
Noise – Transport and operational activities will generate noise, which may affect the residential environment in
the area. Noise disturbances will also occur during construction, including from transport, blasting, and material
crushing.
Traffic and Traffic Safety – Implementation of the detailed development plan will lead to increased transport,
including internal transport, external freight transport, and commuting by personnel. During the operational phase,
freight transport is expected to occur mainly by truck, with sea transport used only occasionally. During
construction, transport will include soil and rock materials, construction materials, and facility components. Sea
transport may be used during construction. Existing roads in the area may be used, and nearby residential areas
may be negatively affected by reduced traffic safety and accessibility.
Light – Implementation of the detailed development plan entails that illumination from the operational area may
be perceived as disturbing by residents in the surroundings. During the construction period, work may take place at
night, meaning that the construction site will also be illuminated during nighttime, which may also be perceived as
disturbing.
Vibrations – Implementation of the plan will involve blasting, piling, sheet piling, and heavy transport, which may
cause vibrations that negatively affect the residential environment. No vibrations are expected during the
operational phase.
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Risks – The detailed development plan shall examine the possibility for a nuclear installation to be established
within parts of the planning area. An accident involving nuclear power, leading to increased radiation levels in the
surrounding environment, may entail serious health risks for exposed individuals. Implementation of certain parts
of the plan may also involve handling of substances with environmentally hazardous properties, as well as
substances considered to present a physical hazard under the Seveso legislation.
In the surroundings of the planning area, there are also existing Seveso establishments, such as the Ringhals
Nuclear Power Plant, which may be affected by the proposed land use. Existing Seveso facilities may also negatively
affect the proposed land use in the detailed development plan. There is also a risk of accidents related to the
transport of dangerous goods.
2. Protected animal or plant species under Chapter 8 of the Environmental Code, and biodiversity in general
The detailed development plan may result in significant environmental impacts on the Natura 2000 site
Båtafjorden and the Biskopshagen Nature Reserve. There is a risk that protected species may be adversely affected,
both through the use of habitats and through intake and discharge of, among other things, cooling water into the
marine environment. The plan may also have negative consequences for biodiversity, green infrastructure, and
ecological connectivity. During the construction phase, the natural environment may be negatively affected by
noise, dust, turbidity in seawater, vibrations, and light.
3. Soil, land, water, air, climate, landscape, built environment, and cultural heritage
Landscape Character – The proposed detailed development plan is assessed to result in changes to the landscape
character, and the planning area will become more visually exposed to its surroundings, particularly towards
existing development in Bua to the south and from the sea. Areas that have not previously been developed will be
taken into use.
Cultural heritage – Known ancient monuments and other cultural heritage features within the planning area may
be affected by the plan.
Air – The proposed activity within the planning area will result in minor releases of radioactive substances into the
atmosphere. During construction, machinery and transport will emit carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide,
and particulate matter.
Groundwater – Parts of the plan will likely require groundwater diversion through pumping, which may alter
existing groundwater levels.
Surface water – The Värö Peninsula borders two surface water bodies: Vendelsö Archipelago (SE571720-120640)
and Northern Central Halland Coastal Waters (SE570000-120701). Both are classified as having moderate
ecological status and do not meet good chemical status. The plan will increase stormwater runoff due to a higher
proportion of impervious surfaces, which may negatively affect these water bodies. Impact may also arise from
cooling water management.
Climate adaptation – To enable the proposed land use within the detailed development plan, significant
adjustments to existing ground levels will likely be required. Measures must be taken to prevent water
accumulation during cloudbursts, which could cause flooding both inside and outside the planning area. The area
may also be affected by projected sea level rise. Existing roads in the area are at low elevations and may be at risk
of flooding during extreme weather or sea level rise. Accessibility to the facility must be ensured.
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Climate impact – The plan will assess the possibility of establishing a nuclear facility within parts of the planning
area. Nuclear power is a low-carbon, fossil-free energy source and is therefore considered to have a potentially
positive impact on the climate.
4. Management of land, water, and the physical environment in general
Areas of national interest – The detailed development plan is considered to potentially affect several areas of
national interest.
Agricultural Land – The Municipality of Varberg has prepared an investigation regarding the use of agricultural land.
The study was carried out in connection with the development of the municipality’s new Comprehensive Plan. The
study identifies areas within the planning area as agricultural land, primarily used for grazing.
5. Other management of materials, raw materials and energy
The planning area is designated as an area of national interest for energy production.
The plan will enable the establishment of a nuclear facility within parts of the area. Nuclear power is a fossil-free
energy source but relies on uranium, which is classified as a non-renewable natural resource. Uranium dioxide is
used as fuel in the reactors, with an estimated annual consumption of approximately 35 tonnes for the entire
facility.
The nuclear facility will generate waste. Waste will be managed and classified according to established procedures,
based on material type and level of radioactivity. Radioactive waste will be handled with safety as the highest
priority and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. The waste generated during operation is expected
to be similar in nature to that produced by other nuclear reactors in Sweden.
6. Other Parts of the Environment
Not applicable.
5.4.2 Aspects assessed as likely to result in significant environmental impact
I nedanstående tabell redovisas de aspekter som utifrån analysen i avsnitt 4.4.1. har bedömts kunna medföra en
betydande miljöpåverkan, samt förslag till avgränsning av respektive aspekt.
Table 2. Aspects assessed as potentially causing a significant environmental impact.
Aspet Scope of Assessment
Landscape Character The aspect is delimited to address the impact of the detailed development plan on the landscape
character.
Cultural Heritage The aspect is delimited to address the impact of the plan on ancient monuments and other
cultural heritage values, both on land and in the marine environment.
Natural Environment The aspect is delimited to assess the detailed development plan’s impact on natural areas of
national and international importance, such as nature reserves and Natura 2000 sites, as well as
other protected areas under Chapters 3, 4 and 7 of the Environmental Code. The assessment will
also address impacts on protected species (both terrestrial and aquatic).
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Recreation and Outdoor The aspect is delimited to assess the detailed development plan’s impact on national interests for
Activities outdoor recreation (Chapters 3 and 4 of the Environmental Code) and on public access to the
Biskopshagen Nature Reserve.
Water and Water Quality The aspect is delimited to address the impact on environmental quality standards for surface
water, increased runoff, and risks of pollution in stormwater.
Groundwater The aspect is delimited to assess the detailed development plan’s impact on groundwater
conditions.
Climate Adaptation Flooding (risk of flooding, cloudbursts).
Resource Management The aspect is delimited to address the impact on national interest areas not covered under other
aspects, and whether the use of agricultural land can be justified as being of substantial public
interest.
Human Health and The aspect is delimited to assess the detailed development plan’s impact on human health and
Environment the environment, including noise from operations and traffic, traffic safety, accessibility, air
emissions, vibration, and light pollution.
Risk The aspect is delimited to assess risks associated with the nuclear facility, including radiological
consequences during operation and accidents. Also includes assessment of the facility’s risk
profile and its potential impact on human health and the environment, as well as cumulative
effects in relation to the Ringhals nuclear operations. Risks related to hazardous goods and waste
are also included.
Climate Impact The aspect is delimited to address the climate impact of the detailed development plan.
Construction Phase The aspect is delimited to provide an overview of the plan’s effects during the construction phase
Impacts on the natural environment, residential environment, health, water, etc.
Detailed assessment of construction-related impacts for the specific activity will be addressed in
the project-specific environmental impact assessment.
5.4.3 Identification of Transboundary Environmental Impact
Based on the analysis above, the aspects of the detailed development plan that are considered likely to result in
transboundary environmental effects have been identified. These include:
Human health and the environment – Delimited to emissions to air.
Risk – Delimited to risks associated with the nuclear facility, that is radiological consequences during
operation and in the event of accidents, as well as cumulative effects in relation to the Ringhals nuclear
operations.
Climate impact – Delimited to emissions that may affect the climate, both positively and negatively.
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6 Environmental Assessment Methodology
6.1 Impact, Effect, and Consequence
The environmental assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report shall identify and describe the
significant environmental effects that may arise as a result of the provisions of the plan, for the environmental
aspects identified during the scoping process. The consequences of the zero alternative and the proposed plan will
be assessed and presented in comparison to the zero alternative. The description will be based, among other
things, on background studies developed during both the planning and permitting processes. The assessment of
environmental consequences will be based on relevant municipal plans, programmes, and objectives, national
environmental quality objectives, current research, guideline values, and environmental quality standards. These
will be presented in the EIA report. The assessment of consequences is carried out in several steps:
Value or sensitivity of the affected areas is assessed.
Impact – Refers to the change in physical or behavioural conditions that is affected.
Effect – Refers to the change caused by the impact, for example, a change in the landscape character.
Consequence – The final step, where the significance of the effect/change on the assumed value or
sensitivity of the area is assessed.
In the EIA report a specific scale is used to evaluate the consequences. The scale is based on the relationship
between existing values and the extent of the assessed environmental impact. It can describe both positive and
negative consequences:
Very large consequences – Impacts on national interests or interests at the EU level, such as Natura 2000
sites or exceedance of environmental quality standards.
Large conequences – Consequences on areas of national interest or on values of regional or municipal
significance.
Small to moderate consequences – Consequences on areas or values of municipal importance, or effects
on areas or values of lesser or local significance.
Negligible consequences – No or insignificant consequences on areas or values of national, regional, or
local significance.
To determine the likely consequence in the affected areas, the assumed value/sensitivity of the area is weighed
against the expected impact using a matrix (see Table 2 below).
For example, the fact that an area of national interest is affected does not automatically mean that the plan will
have large or very large consequences. The impact may be of limited extent or affect only a small portion of the
area of interest. Conversely, an impact on aspects of a local nature—such as noise disturbance—may still be
assessed as having large consequences.
The risk section is assessed based on whether the risks are acceptable or unacceptable and is therefore not linked
to the figure below.
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Value Low Moderately High
Extent
Great positive
Great positive
consequence
Moderately positive
Moderately
consequence
positive
Small positive
consequence
Slightly positive,
no disturbance,
slightly negative No consequence
Small negative
consequence
Moderately
negative Moderately negative
consequence
Big negative
Big negative consequence
Figure 10. Consequence Assessment Scale (Projektbyggaren Teknik Syd AB, 2025)
6.2 Assessment Criteria
To describe and evaluate the changes that implementation of the detailed development plan may entail, various
legal or otherwise established objectives, guidelines, and regulatory frameworks will be used.
These are collectively referred to as assessment criteria.
The assessment criteria are both general and specific in nature. General criteria are primarily used to assess
whether the plan promotes long-term sustainable development and whether it adequately considers
environmental aspects. Examples of general criteria include the national environmental objectives. The other type
of criteria is more specific and relates to particular environmental aspects. These include various standards, defined
objectives, guideline values, and recommendations from agency recommendations.
6.3 Uncertainties
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will be carried out in accordance with applicable legislation and
established practice. Spatial analyses have been based on available cartographic material. Where assessments
could be based on existing guideline values or standards, such comparisons have been made. The EIA is based on
assessments of a future situation. A major uncertainty is always how society will develop over time. It is also
uncertain whether all necessary information for a correct assessment has been available. Despite multiple
reviewers, the assessments in the EIA may still be subjective.
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6.4 Mitigation Measures and Regulatory Instruments
The purpose of the EIA is to provide a basis for decision-makers and the public, describing the potential effects of
the detailed development plan on human health and the environment.
The EIA itself is not legally binding, and any mitigation measures proposed within the document are therefore not
automatically enforceable.
To ensure implementation, measures must be regulated in other binding documents. This can be done through
planning provisions or by including them in an implementation agreement, if such an agreement is established for
the detailed development plan. The implementation agreement is signed between the municipality and the
developer and regulates the implementation issues of the plan.
In parallel with this detailed development plan, an application for permits is being prepared under Chapter 9 of the
Swedish Environmental Code for the construction and operation of a new nuclear power plant.
Permits will also be sought under Chapter 11 for the water operations required for construction and operation of
the facility, including abstraction of seawater for cooling purposes, installation of structures in the water area,
dewatering, filling of ponds and water bodies, and reinfiltration. Furthermore, the project may require a permit
under Chapter 7, Section 28a of the Environmental Code (a Natura 2000 permit), if the activity is deemed likely to
have a significant effect on a nearby Natura 2000 site.
When permits are granted, requirements regarding mitigation measures and technical performance standards will
be stipulated as permit conditions. Some of these conditions will relate to environmental performance — for
example, limits on air emissions, noise levels, or water abstraction. All permitted activities are required to submit
annual environmental reports demonstrating compliance with their permit conditions.
Regarding exemptions from the Species Protection Ordinance and biotope protection, those required for the
nuclear facility will be handled within the environmental permitting process. For other parts of the planning area
not covered by the permit, separate exemption applications will be submitted as needed. For these areas, a
consultation under Chapter 12, Section 6 of the Environmental Code (so-called 12:6 consultation) may also be
necessary.
6.5 Alternatives
Two alternatives have been identified for the environmental assessment:
The proposed detailed development plan
The zero alternative
The zero alternative consists of the current detailed development plans for the areas covered by such plans; see
further Section 3.1 Current Detailed Development Plans. For those parts of the planning area not covered by
detailed development plans, the zero alternative consists of the current land use (advanced present state).
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7 Investigations
A number of investigations have been carried out, and additional ones will be conducted within the framework of
the project (see list below). In addition to the investigations listed below, further studies may be added. The
investigations will serve as a basis for assessing the effects and impacts of the detailed development plan.
Archaeological investigation
Species inventory / Species protection assessments
Rock / Geotechnical survey
Noise assessment – operations
Noise assessment – traffic (both operational and construction phases)
Stormwater assessment
Action programme / Safety report – Seveso
Hydrogeological investigation
Climate calculations
Compensation measures – natural environment
Cultural heritage assessment
Landscape visual analysis – Design study – Photomontage
Site selection study
Light impact assessment
Marine inventories
Marine archaeological investigation
Excavated material management plan
Natura 2000 assessment
Nature value inventories
Radiological impact assessment
Risk analyses
Cloudburst / Flooding
Firefighting water
Traffic assessment during both operational and construction phases, incl. mobility study
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Air emissions
Road load assessment – Swedish Transport Administration
Concession and routing study /power lines
Routing study – water supply and stormwater pipelines
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8 Proposed Table of Contents
A proposed structure for the forthcoming Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is presented in the table of
contents below. The description should be regarded as an example of how the scope of the EIA will be reported,
and not as a definitive format. The table of contents is based on the applicable provisions in Chapter 6 of the
Swedish Environmental Code and the Environmental Assessment Ordinance (2017:966).
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and content of the environmental assessment
1.2 Fulfilment of expert knowledge
1.3 Background
1.4 Permit application
1.5 Purpose of the detailed development plan
1.6 SEVESO
2. Scoping
2.1 Significant environmental impact and preliminary study
2.2 Scoping consultation
2.3 Temporal scope
2.4 Thematic scope
2.5 Scope of level of detail
2.6 Geographical scope
3. Method for the environmental assessment
3.1 Method for knowledge compilation and assessment
3.2 Assessment criteria
3.3 Uncertainties
3.4 Mitigation measures and regulation of measures
4. Planning conditions
4.1 Current land use
4.2 Comprehensive plan
4.3 Detailed development plans
4.4 National interests
4.5 Environmental objectives
4.6 Environmental quality standards
5. Studied alternatives
5.1 Zero alternative
5.2 Alternative location
5.3 Alternative design
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5.4 Proposed detailed development plan
5.5 Description of the planned activity
6. Effects and impacts
6.1 Impacts of the zero alternative (Alternatively, impacts of the zero alternative may be described under each
aspect)
6.2 Landscape character (Scoping of aspect, assessment criteria and investigations, impacts, mitigation measures
under each aspect)
6.3 Cultural heritage
6.4 Natural environment
6.5 Recreation and outdoor life
6.6 Water and water quality
6.7 Groundwater
6.8 Climate adaptation
6.9 Sustainable use of natural resources
6.10 Traffic and traffic safety
6.11 Noise (external noise and traffic noise)
6.12 Air emissions
6.13 Vibrations
6.14 Light pollution
6.15 Risk and safety
6.16 Climate impact
6.17 Waste
6.18 Impacts during construction phase (natural environment, residential environment, health, etc.)
7. Transboundary environmental impact
8. Impact on environmental objectives
8.1 National environmental objectives
8.2 Regional environmental objectives
8.3 Local environmental objectives
9. Cumulative effects
10. Overall assessment of environmental impact
10.1 Environmental consequences of the detailed development plan
10.2 Compliance with the Environmental Code (General rules of consideration, principles of resource management,
etc.)
10.3 Environmental objectives
10.4 Environmental quality standards
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11. Follow-up
12. Substantive assessments under other legislation
13. References
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9 Requirement for Expertise
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will be prepared with the expertise required in relation to the specific
conditions of the detailed development plan and its anticipated environmental effects.
Jessica Andersson, Projektbyggaren Teknik Syd AB, will be responsible for the EIA for the strategic environmental
assessment. She is a specialist in environmental assessment and EIA, and has worked with environmental and
sustainability issues in urban planning for over twenty-five years. Jessica is highly experienced in leading, preparing,
coordinating, and reviewing various impact assessments in accordance with the SEA Directive (Directive
2001/42/EC) and the EIA Directive (Directive 2011/92/EU).
Jessica also has extensive experience in managing both the Environmental Code and the Planning and Building Act
(PBL) within the same project. Furthermore, she has developed various models and methods for strategic
environmental assessment in her assignments, which have been used in both governmental and municipal
projects.
In addition to Jessica Andersson, a number of specialists will participate in the preparation of the Environmental
Impact Assessment within their respective areas of expertise.
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