Annual Report and Statements of the IAMU Liaison Committee for the FY2025

Annual Report and Statements of the IAMU Liaison Committee for the Fiscal Year 2025 IAMU International Association of Maritime Universities This report is published as part of the IAMU's Standing Committees’ activities in the 2025 Capacity Building Projects (supported by The Nippon Foundation) of the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU). All rights reserved. Due attention must be given to copyright requirements. Permission for the use of the content of this document, in whole or in part, must be sought from the IAMU Secretariat prior to acceptable use. Acceptable use includes research, teaching and private study purposes and for any other purpose that has been agreed to by the IAMU. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher and the Editor for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in this report. IAMU Liaison Committee (LC) Head of Committee: Dr. Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr., President World Maritime University (WMU) Published by the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU) Secretariat Meiwa Building 8F, 1-15-10, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0001 Japan Phone: +81-3-6257-1812 Email: [email protected] URL: https://.iamu-edu.org Copyright ©IAMU 2025 All rights reserved 2  Members of the LC Dr. Maximo Q. Mejia, Jr., President World Maritime University (WMU) - Head Mr Malcolm Wise A, Principal Australia Maritime College, University of Tasmania (AMC) 3  Table of Contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 2. About LC .............................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 LC Vision ........................................................................................................................ 6 2.2 Representation and Monitoring Role.............................................................................. 6 2.3 Liaison Role.................................................................................................................... 6 2.4 LC Members and External Meetings Attendees ............................................................. 6 2.5 History of LC participation in IMO Meetings ................................................................ 7 3. Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 8 4. Recommendations from the LC for IAMU members related to Education and Training .... 9 4.1 Proposal for IAMU Research Activity arising from MEPC 83 ...................................... 9 4.2 Proposal for IAMU Research Activity arising from NCSR 12 .................................... 10 4.3 Proposal for IAMU Research Activity arising from MSC110 ..................................... 11 4.4 Proposal for IAMU Research Activity arising from HTW 12...................................... 11 Appendices .............................................................................................................................. 15 MEPC 83 Representative Report ........................................................................................ 15 NCSR 12 Representative Report ......................................................................................... 29 Understudy Repot ................................................................................................................ 45 MSC 110 Representative Report ......................................................................................... 49 HTW 12 Representative Report .......................................................................................... 73 4 1. Introduction This annual report was prepared by the LC for the benefit of IAMU members. This report outlines the various meetings in which IAMU was represented by formal delegations. For FY2025, International Maritime Organization (IMO) meetings constituted the only external meetings attended. Reports submitted by IAMU’s delegates at the five external meetings are included as appendices to this report. The reports are structured so as to provide a clear description of the meeting agenda, the discussed issues and the meeting conclusions, followed by a series of proposals for further consideration. These proposals are meant to serve as starting points for IAMU activities related to policy-making, research and development, and education and training. From these summary reports, a number of areas of interest for IAMU members for education and training and also possible areas of research, may be identified. It is intended that through regular representation at various external meetings – in particular those of the IMO – and the feedback from reports such as this one, IAMU will be positioned to strategically consider issues (both contemporary and developing) and thereby have an informative source for achieving the Association’s goals and for the provision of input to the global community and the IMO process. It is worth recognising the Association’s efforts to facilitate the attendance of the meetings hosted by the IMO, where critical topics are discussed and regulated, which affect MET institutions, national governments, students, seafaring personnel, as well as shipping companies. Attendance at IMO meetings further enhances IAMU’s visibility and helps to foster new opportunities for cooperation with other stakeholders from the maritime field. I encourage all members to pursue every opportunity to advance the presence of the IAMU within the IMO and the maritime community worldwide and to take note of the proposals outlined in the appended reports. Dr. Maximo Q. Mejia,Jr., President, World Maritime University. Head, LC 5 2. About LC The IAMU Liaison Committee is responsible for: - advising the International Executive Board on contemporary issues in the international maritime community associated with IAMU mandates; - facilitating communication with the maritime industry, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and other maritime organizations; - representing the IAMU at IMO meetings related to the activities of the Association; and - ensuring that the IAMU’s contribution to the IMO, as a Non-Governmental Organization in Consultative status, is ever more effective and valued. - 2.1 LC Vision The expertise of the IAMU will be beneficial to the maritime community in the development of effective standards for education and training, and research and for enhancing the overall safety, security and environmental protection of the international maritime industry. 2.2 Representation and Monitoring Role The LC utilises the global network of IAMU members to: - Discuss/resolve critical issues and developments in maritime education & training and maritime industry; - Contribute to the development of effective management systems to ensure safe maritime industry operations; and - Conduct/disseminate research and scholarly work in maritime related matters. The LC also monitors the agenda of IMO meetings together with the accompanying documentation and subsequently reports to the IEB and informs IAMU member universities. 2.3 Liaison Role The Head of the LC will communicate with IMO Secretariat and NGOs accredited at IMO, as needed. The LC will coordinate with the Head of the Academic Affairs Committee (AAC) and the IAMU Secretariat to ensure that a significant percentage of proposals have direct application in support of IAMU efforts and initiatives. 2.4 LC Members and External Meeting Attendees Dr. Maximo Q. Mejia,Jr., President World Maritime University (WMU) - Head Mr Malcolm Wise A, Principal Australia Maritime College, University of Tasmania (AMC) The following were IAMU delegates of the IMO meetings in FY 2025. • Prof. Laurentiu CHIOTOROIU – Jade University of Applied Sciences Wilhelmshaven Oldenburg Elsfleth, Faculty of Maritime and Logistics Studies, Elsfleth (JUASWOE) 6  • Ms. Nicoleta Acomi – Constanta Maritime University (CMU) • Mrs. Tanja Brcko Satler – University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport (UL-FMST) • Capt. Zhukov Dmytro– National University «Odessa Maritime Academy» (NU«OMA») • Dr. Zhiwei Zhao – Dalian Maritime University (DMU) • Dr. George Gabedava – Batumi Navigation University (BNU) The delegates attended the following meetings: • MEPC 83 (7 April – 11 April 2025) • NCSR 12 (13 May – 22 May 2025) • MSC 110 (18 June – 27 June 2025) • HTW 12 (23 February – 27 February 2026) 2.5 History of LC participation in IMO Meetings IAMU's NGO status was officially approved by the IMO on 29 November 2007, at its 25th Assembly Meeting. At the 32nd IMO Assembly Meeting, IAMU retained its consultative status with IMO. This has allowed IAMU, through the LC, to have representation at various meetings and sessions of the IMO. In keeping with the focus of the IAMU on Maritime Education and Training, this representation has enabled IAMU, through the LC, to keep abreast with new challenges that face the maritime community, particularly in the area of maritime education and training, as well as to express its views on items that would impact members of the IAMU. 7 3. Executive Summary This report summarises the various activities of the LC for FY2025. For the fiscal year, LC activities were centred on participation in relevant meetings of the IMO. The report highlights some of the items that were discussed at those meetings and that are deemed directly relevant to maritime education and training and to IAMU’s developmental and research interests. The following sections of this report identify key IAMU areas of interest derived from each of the meetings. The reports for this period draw attention to a number of issues discussed at the 83rd session of the MEPC, the 12th session of the NCSR sub-committee, the 110th session of MSC, and the 12th session of the HTW sub-committee. Various topics discussed during these meetings are in line with the IAMU Basic Agreement and with the Tokyo Statements. The most relevant topics included on the meeting agendas tackle the following critical issues: Harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water, Air pollution prevention, Energy efficiency of ships, Reduction of GHG emissions from ships, Follow-up work emanating from the Action Plan to address Marine Plastic Litter from ship, Identification and protection of special areas, ECAs and PSSAs., Developments in GMDSS services, including guidelines on maritime safety information (MSI), Development of global maritime SAR services, including harmonization of maritime and aeronautical procedures and amendments to the IAMSAR Manual, Development of procedures and requirements for the recognition of augmentation systems in the Worldwide Radionavigation System, Development of guidelines for software maintenance of shipboard navigation and communication equipment and systems, Development of guidance to establish a framework for data distribution and global IP-based connectivity between shore-based facilities and ships for ECDIS S-100 products, Validated model training courses, Goal-based new ship construction standards, Development of a goal-based instrument for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS), Development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels, Revision of the Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management (MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2) and identification of next steps to enhance maritime cybersecurity, Measures to enhance maritime security, Piracy and armed robbery against ships, Unsafe mixed migration by sea, Validated model training courses, Role of the human element, Comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code, Comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code, Development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels, Scoping exercise and enhancement of the effectiveness of provisions on fatigue and seafarers' hours of work and rest. It is recommended that IAMU continue its active participation in the comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code, with proactive interventions as needed. Ideally, it should not be the case that IAMU merely monitors the changes and updates decided upon during IMO meetings. The Association should proactively contribute and express clear points of view regarding issues of interest. Challenges identified by member universities in maritime education and training should be effectively addressed to elicit appropriate responses from regulatory bodies. In this respect, the submission of HTW 12/INF.7 was an ideal practice by the IAMU in engaging in the discussion on the comprehensive review from the perspectives of Maritime Education and training. The reports from the IAMU delegates are included as appendices. They contain recommendations and suggested follow-up actions by IEB and the wider membership of IAMU. The LC calls on all to examine them carefully. The LC trusts that this report, and in particular the appended meeting-specific reports, will help member universities gain insights into contemporary issues and become a development vector for 8 future gains for maritime education and training in the IMO context. The LC encourages member universities to become more active in these endeavours and to propose topics/issues/solutions addressing future and sustainable goals of the maritime industry. Apart from the stated meetings at the IMO, no other external meetings had official IAMU representation for FY2025. The LC, on behalf of the Association, takes this opportunity to applaud and thank the dedicated delegates of the Association who, over this period, applied themselves to various working groups as well as representing the Association at meetings and have presented their reports following the guidelines and template. 4. Recommendations from the LC for IAMU members related to Education and Training Based on the LC’s participation in the FY2025 IMO meetings, it is recommended that the following themes and topics be considered for IAMU’s common activities. 4.1 Proposals for IAMU Research Activity arising from MEPC 83 Proposal (a): IMO Net-Zero Framework Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Research and make available zero or near-zero carbon (ZNZ) technologies, fuels and/or energy sources; - Develop and test, in close relation with shipping companies, technology providers or partner IAMU universities new innovative technologies aimed to achieve net-zero emissions; - Analyse the economic impact and implications of the Net Zero Framework on the shipping industry, including costs and benefits of implementation; Goals: - To strengthen the scientific collaboration network within IAMU members and raise IAMU’s visibility in the global maritime industry - To make the IAMU’s contribution more effective to the IMO, by increasing the number of actionable proposals submitted to the IMO Secretariat; - To obtain financial support from the IMO's administrated fund (IMO Net-Zero Fund) for research activities about ZNZs. Note that an estimated revenue of about 10-15 billion USD/year is expected. Proposal (b): Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Develop pilot projects to test Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems in real maritime environment and further investigate the potential for the Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) through evaluating the efficiency, costs and environmental impact. Goals: - To reduce GHG emissions and air pollution from ships and mitigate negative environmental consequences; - To validate the technical and economic feasibility of OCCS technology; - Contribution to IMO MEPC (development of regulatory framework for the use of OCCS and/or development of guidelines on testing, survey and certification of OCCS). Proposal (c): Digitalisation and smart technologies for emissions reduction Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: 9  - Use of digital technologies, such as ship’s digital twin model, to optimize ship operations and reduce emissions; - Develop smart systems for real-time emissions monitoring and reporting, facilitating compliance with the new regulations; - Utilization of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to predict and optimize ship routes for minimal fuel consumption and emissions. Goals: - To reduce fuel consumption and carbon emission; - Raise awareness regarding the benefits and opportunities of digitalization for sustainability in maritime operations; 4.2 Proposals for IAMU Research Activity arising from NCSR 12 Proposal (a): Digital transition in maritime navigation Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Implementation of S-100-based products in ECDIS and training simulators - Impact of IP-based connectivity on MET infrastructure - Integration of S-124 (navigational warnings) into digital learning environments Goals: - To evaluate readiness of MET institutions for S-100 transition - To develop pedagogical frameworks for S-100 competency training - To contribute to the global roadmap for digital navigation implementation in IMO context Proposal (b): Maritime cybersecurity and data integrity Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Detection and mitigation of AIS spoofing and LRIT manipulation - Cyber risk management practices on board ships and in shore-based systems - Incorporation of cybersecurity into STCW-aligned MET Goals: - To analyse vulnerabilities in current navigation and communication systems - To develop training modules and scenarios on maritime cyber threats - To support policy recommendations for secure AIS/LRIT data practices Proposal (c): Search and rescue preparedness Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Search and rescue modelling for Arctic and Antarctic waters - Integration of satellite-enabled smartphones and wearable distress devices - Human factors and survivability in polar SAR operation Goals: - To model time-to-rescue and crew exposure in polar regions - To design MET training for SAR response in extreme environments - To support inter-agency collaboration through simulation and knowledge-sharing Proposal (d): Sustainable navigation in ecologically sensitive areas Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Effectiveness of Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) and Areas to Be Avoided (ATBA) - Balancing safety, operational efficiency, and marine environmental protection - Use of e-navigation and AIS tools in mitigating ecological impact Goals: - To assess the impact of routeing measures on biodiversity and ship operations 10  - To provide policy guidance on integrating environmental awareness in MET - To enhance knowledge on risk mitigation in high-traffic sensitive sea areas 4.3 Proposals for IAMU Research Activity arising from MSC 110 Proposal (a): Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) operations and human factors Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Human-Machine Interface design for remote operators - Risk assessment frameworks for MASS in mixed-traffic environments - Legal and liability implications of autonomous shipping - Crew training requirements, including fatigue mitigation training, for MASS Goals: - Develop standardized MASS operational guidelines for training and certification - Provide policy recommendations to IMO on human element considerations in MASS Code development - Enhance simulator-based training programs for remote operator proficiency Proposal (b): Cybersecurity in maritime digitalization Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Cyber risk management frameworks aligned with MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2 - AI-driven anomaly detection in maritime networks - Crew awareness training on phishing and ransomware threats Goals: - Produce guidelines for MET institutions to integrate cybersecurity into curricula - Support IMO’s development of mandatory cyber risk management standards - Enhance maritime cyber resilience through industry-academia collaboration Proposal (c): Safety of alternative fuels Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Bunkering procedures and safety protocols for ammonia/hydrogen - Fire suppression and leak detection systems for alternative fuel ships - Health risks and crew protection measures for ammonia exposure - Comparative lifecycle analysis of alternative fuels Goals: - Establish best practices for alternative fuel handling in maritime education. - Contribute to IMO regulatory updates on fuel safety (e.g., IGF Code amendments). - Develop emergency response training modules for crews on alternative-fuelled vessels. 4.4 Proposals for IAMU Research Activity arising from HTW 12 Proposal (a): Alternative fuels and new technologies in maritime training Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Training requirements for seafarers working with alternative fuels (methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, LNG) - Safety and risk management aspects related to new fuel systems - Integration of environmental regulations into maritime education programmes Goals: 11  - To analyse training needs for seafarers operating ships using alternative fuels - To identify necessary updates to STCW competencies and training standards Proposal (b): Simulator training and digital learning in MET Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Use of simulator training as a partial substitute for seagoing service - Development of advanced simulation technologies and virtual training environments - Evaluation of learning outcomes and effectiveness of simulator-based training Goals: - To assess the role of simulator training in modern MET systems - To define the optimal balance between onboard training and simulation - To propose improvements to STCW provisions related to simulator training Proposal (c): Human element: fatigue, mental health and wellbeing Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Fatigue management and hours of work and rest - Mental health, psychological safety, and prevention of harassment and bullying - Impact of workload and working conditions on seafarer performance Goals: - To analyse factors affecting seafarer wellbeing and safety - To identify gaps in current STCW and related frameworks - To propose measures for improving human element integration in MET Proposal (d): Cybersecurity and digital competencies in maritime sector Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Cyber risk management in ship operations - Development of digital competencies for seafarers - Integration of cybersecurity training into MET curricula Goals: - To assess the need for cybersecurity competencies in STCW - To define training frameworks for digital and cyber skills - To support safe digital transformation of maritime operations Proposal (e): Curriculum development and capacity of MET institutions Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Impact of new competencies on curriculum structure and duration - Resource and capacity constraints of MET institutions - Flexible and modular approaches to maritime education Goals: - To analyse the cumulative impact of STCW amendments on MET systems - To propose sustainable curriculum design models - To support effective implementation of new training requirements 12 APPENDICES MEPC 83 Representative Report NCSR 12 Representative Report Understudy Report MSC 110 Representative Report HTW 12 Representative Report 13 14  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 REPRESENTATIVE REPORT ON EXTERNAL MEETING Meeting IMO MEPC, 83rd Session, London, UK 07 to 11 April 2025 REPORT By Prof. Dr. -Ing. Laurentiu Chiotoroiu (Jade University of Applied Sciences, Germany) 12 May 2025 15  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 1 Introduction The 83rd session of the IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 83) was held at IMO Headquarters in London, UK from 07 to 11 April 2025, under the chair of Dr. H. Conway (Liberia) and Mr. Hanqiang Tan (Singapore), his Vice-Chair. The meeting was attended by over 1,650 delegates (in person and remotely) from 140 Member States Governments, 3 Associate Members of IMO, 5 Representatives from United Nations Programmes & Specialized Agencies and observers from 13 Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) and 62 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in consultative status. The full list of delegates can be found in the IMO document MEPC 83/J/1 issued 11 April 2025. As noted in the opening remarks by IMO Secretary-General A. Dominguez, this high attendance was due to several important matters to be consider during the meeting, such as taking a significant step forward in IMO's work to meet the goals set in the IMO GHG Strategy, the adoption of the revised 2025 Action Plan to address marine plastic litter from ships, the revision of the BWM Convention, adoption of new amendments to the NOx Technical Code 2008 or the approval of a new ECA and the designation of two new PSSAs. One of the most important accomplishments of IMO MEPC 83 was the endorsement of the IMO Net-Zero Framework (NZF), which includes a mandatory global fuel standard and a global economic mechanism for the GHG emissions from ships. Such a decision has never been taken before in any United Nations (UN) body or for any other industry segment. The (NZF) aims to achieve net-zero emissions from international shipping by or around 2050 and represents the regulatory response to the revised IMO GHG Strategy adopted in 2023. This outcome was the result of intensive formal and informal discussions and difficult negotiations between Member States and within the intersessional working group ISWG-GHG19. The amendments failed to reach full consensus, as is the usual practice of IMO MEPC, but were approved by plenary voting procedure on Friday, April 11, 2025 (63 for, 16 against and 39 abstained/not present) and are due for adoption at the next extraordinary session MEPC/ES.2. The IMO Committee noted that MEPC/ES.2 and MEPC 84 have been tentatively scheduled to take place in October 2025 and April 2026, respectively. As for (NFZ), the decision is not yet final. Although a significant majority voted "yes", acceptance is required for 2/3 of the Member States that have ratified the MARPOL Annex VI, representing at least 50% of the global gross tonnage. This means that the outcome of the vote at the MEPC83 approval session cannot automatically be considered and translated as an outcome at MEPC/ES.2. In the event of adoption in October 2025, the amendments will enter into force in March 2027 and will take effect from January 1, 2028. 2 Meeting Agenda Items The opening of the 83rd MEPC session started on Monday, 7 April 2025, at 09:30 (UTC+1) with the following agenda items: 1. Adoption of the agenda 2. Decisions of other bodies 3. Consideration and adoption of amendments to mandatory instruments 16  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 4. Harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water 5. Air pollution prevention 6. Energy efficiency of ships 7. Reduction of GHG emissions from ships 8. Follow-up work emanating from the Action Plan to address Marine Plastic Litter from ships 9. Experience-building phase for the reduction of underwater radiated noise from shipping 10. Pollution prevention and response 11. Reports of other sub-committees 12. Identification and protection of Special Areas, ECAs and PSSAs 13. Application of the Committees' method of work 14. Work program of the Committee and subsidiary bodies 15. Election of the Chair and Vice-Chair for 2026 16. Any other business 17. Consideration of the report of the Committee. The revision work benefited from the input of five working groups, two whose meetings precede MEPC83: (1) the Intersessional Working Group on Air Pollution and Energy Efficiency (ISWG- APEE), which met from April 7-9, 2025 and (2) the Intersessional Working Group on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships (ISWG-GHG 19), which met from March 31-April 1, 2025 and three other groups established during the session, respectively: (3) the Drafting Group on Amendments to Binding Instruments (DG), (4) the Technical Group on PSSA and ECA Designation (TG) and (5) the Ballast Water Review Group (RG). For more details on the chair and secretary of these working groups, see Table 1 below. Group Subject Chair Secretary Working Group Air pollution and energy K. Iwaki C. Bourgeon (WG1) (Hybrid) efficiency (items 5 and 6) (Japan) Working Group Reduction of GHG emissions S. Oftedal R. Hoenders (WG2) (Hybrid) from ships (item 7) (Norway) Drafting Group Amendments to mandatory C. Aissaoui F. Haag (DG) (Remote) instruments (item 3) (Morocco) Technical Group Designation of PSSA B. Mirajaya A. Birchenough (TG) (Remote) (item 12) (Indonesia) Review Group Ballast water management S. Bailey T. Karayannis (RG) (Hybrid) (item 4) (Canada) Table 1. Groups established during the MEPC83 session (MEPC83/J/3) A total of 159 documents have been submitted to the IMO Secretariat, divided according to Agenda items as shown below in Figure 1. The working papers, J papers and documents containing the presentations during the meeting were not included. As it can be seen from Figure 1, most of the submissions were related to Agenda Item 7: 'Reduction of GHG emissions from ships' (60 documents), followed by Item 6 on ‘Energy Efficiency of Ships’ (27 documents) and Item 4 about ‘Harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water’ (22 submissions). For the IAMU activity, the most relevant topics discussed were the following: 4. Harmful aquatic organisms in ballast water 5. Air pollution prevention 6. Energy efficiency of ships 17  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 7. Reduction of GHG emissions from ships 8. Follow-up work emanating from the Action Plan to address Marine Plastic Litter from ships 12. Identification and protection of special areas, ECAs and PSSAs. Figure 1. Number of documents submitted to MEPC83 session 3 Documents Submitted/Interventions made by IAMU There have been no documents submitted by IAMU prior to MEPC 83 meeting, nor interventions during the plenary session. In conclusion, the confirmation and authorization process as described in the IAMU guidelines was not necessary. 4 Summary of Meeting Outcomes Most of the MEPC83 participants I spoke to believed that this meeting marked a historic agreement between Member States and a major milestone towards the IMO Net-Zero emissions for global shipping by or around 2050. A summary of the key outcomes from the MEPC 83 meeting are presented below. 1. Approval of draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI mandating the IMO Net-Zero Framework (Agenda Item 7 – Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships) IMO Net-Zero Framework (NZF) • The (NZF) brings together a technical (fuel) element and an economic (pricing) element in one regulatory framework, to be included as a new Chapter 5 in MARPOL Annex VI. NZF applies to all ships above 5000 GT, except ships trading solely domestically or platforms including FPSOs, FGUs, drilling rigs and semi-submersible vessels. - Technical element: is about the GHG intensity of marine fuels. The technical measure is going to set gradually more stringent reduction requirements on a ship’s annual Greenhouse Gas Fuel Intensity (GFI). The GFI measures the GHG emissions emitted per unit of energy used on board a ship. This is calculated based on an annually reported well-to-wake GHG Fuel Intensity (GFI) basis. 18  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 - Economic element: will include a two tiered-pricing of GHG emissions from ships above the GFI thresholds. The two-tier requirements are set on an annual attained GFI one higher than the other: a base target (the upper tier) and a more stringent direct compliance target (the lower tier). Both compliance targets for ships tighten sharply towards 2050. The base target is the minimum GHG intensity reduction trajectory a ship must adhere to. Ships failing to meet the base target will pay penalties in the form of Tier 2 remedial units (RUs) to balance their deficit emissions. The RUs will be priced at $380 per tonne of CO2e until 2030. Post-2030 values will be decided in the future. The direct compliance target is a secondary GHG intensity reduction target. Ships failing to meet this lower target will pay penalties in the form of Tier 1 RUs which will be priced at $100 per tonne of CO2e until 2030. Post-2030 values will be decided in the future. The penalty will be paid into an IMO Net-Zero Fund, set up and administered by IMO, or can be balanced with surplus units (SUs) banked or traded. In case of GHG emissions below the GFI thresholds, there is no penalty – in this case, ships will be eligible for rewards based on methods to be defined by 1 March 2027. The revenue will be used at first to financially reward the low-emission ships that use “Zero or Near-Zero (ZNZ)” technologies, fuels and/or energy sources with GFI below threshold. Revenue will also go towards other purposes, such as the development of related guidelines and support for the implementation of (NZF) requirements, technology transfer and capacity building to support the IMO GHG Strategy or to mitigate negative impacts on vulnerable States, such as Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries. 2. Adoption of amendments to the 2021 Guidelines on operational carbon intensity reduction factors relative to reference lines (CII reduction factors guidelines, G3) for 2027-2030 (Agenda Item 6 – Energy Efficiency of Ships) Review of the short-term measure to reduce GHG emissions • At this session, the Committee finalized Phase 1 of the review of IMO's short-term GHG reduction measures, which were adopted in 2021 and entered into force in 2022. Key elements of the short-term measures include: Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI), enhanced Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) rating scheme. • MEPC agreed that the end goal of a revised Short-term GHG Measure is to achieve the levels of ambition of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy, including the reduction of CO2 emissions per transport work (carbon intensity), as an average across international shipping, by at least 40% by 2030, compared to 2008. The Committee agreed on a work plan for Phase 2 of the review of the short-term GHG reduction measures, to run from Spring 2026 and concludes Spring 2028. • Regarding SEEMP, the Committee adopted Amendments to the 2024 Guidelines for the development of a Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), to allow the possible development of other CII metrics at future MEPC sessions, as envisaged in the draft work plan for phase 2 of the review of the short-term GHG reduction measures. 19  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 • CII rated scheme: Taking into account the review of the effectiveness of the short-term measures started in July 2023 at MEPC80, the Committee analyzed data gathered from Member States and adopted amendments to the 2021 Guidelines on the operational carbon intensity reduction factors (Z%) relative to reference lines. These Guidelines outline the methods for determining the annual operational carbon intensity reduction factors (Z%) and their values from 2023 to 2030, as referred to in Regulation 28 of MARPOL Annex VI. The adopted amendments include newly defined CII reduction factors (Z%) for 2027 to 2030. Report on the annual carbon intensity and efficiency of the fleet • According to the IMO MEPC83/6 Secretariat's report on the development of the carbon intensity of the international shipping fleet in the period 2019-2023 (MEPC83/6, paragraph 19 &20), the reduction in carbon intensity recorded ranged between 4.8% and 9.9% (depending on the method of calculation) together with a decrease in total fuel consumption from 213 million tonnes in 2019 to 211 million tonnes in 2023. The report MEPC83/6 (Annex) also indicates that, compared to 2008 levels, the average carbon intensity of shipping in 2023 has fallen by 31.0% - 36.5% (depending on measurement’s method). Approval of draft amendments to regulation 27 of MARPOL Annex VI regarding accessibility of the IMO Data Collection System In this session, the Committee approved draft amendments to Regulation 27 of MARPOL Annex VI to make the IMO's data collection system (IMO DCS) on ship fuel consumption more accessible to the public. The IMO DCS requires ships to record and report their fuel oil consumption, which is then used to calculate ships' operational carbon intensity (CII). The amendments will ensure that all reported data in the IMO DCS are accessible to Parties to Annex VI, in a non-anonymized form. An anonymized database (i.e., identification of a specific ship will not be possible) will be made accessible to public users. Approval of the draft Work plan on the development of a regulatory framework for the use of Onboard Carbon Capture Storage systems (OCCS) At this session, the Committee approved a work plan on the development of a regulatory framework for the use of onboard carbon capture and storage (OCCS). The work is set to be finalized in 2028. The Committee adopted new guidelines for test-bed and onboard measurements of methane (CH4) and/or nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from marine diesel engines. The guidelines are based on Annex 1 of MEPC83/6/1, together with documents MEPC83/6/7, 83/6/15 and MEPC83/INF.15. The guidelines may become accepted under the EU ETS and FuelEU Maritime regulations. The IMO Committee re-established the Correspondence Group on Measurement and Verification of Non-CO2 GHG Emissions and Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage, and tasked it with the following: • further develop the framework for the measurement and verification of actual tank-to-wake methane (CH4) and/or nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factors and fuel slippage values for marine diesel engines; • develop a regulatory framework for the use of onboard carbon capture and storage, using the approved work plan; and • submit a written report to MEPC 84. 20  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 Further development of the Life cycle GHG assessment (LCA) framework Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) defines the carbon content of fuel across its full lifecycle, i.e., from production and transport to onboard end-use, under the “well-to-wake” (WtW) approach. It results from the combination of a "Well-to-Tank" part (from primary production to carriage of the fuel in a ship's tank, i.e. upstream emissions) and a "Tank-to-Wake" part (from the ship's fuel tank to the exhaust, known as downstream emissions). The IMO MEPC81 adopted the 2024 Guidelines on the Life-Cycle GHG Intensity of Marine Fuels (2024 LCA Guidelines) (resolution MEPC.391(81)), and updates are underway to include sustainability criteria aimed at reducing social impacts from carbon-neutral fuel production. All LCA-related matters to the implementation of the IMO Guidelines on Life Cycle GHG Intensity of Marine Fuels (LCA Guidelines) are currently handled by a Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) – Life Cycle Assessment Working Group (GESAMP-LCA Working Group), ahead of consideration at MEPC 84 (provisionally, 20–24 April 2026). Based on the scientific review and advice provided by GESAMP-LCA WG, at this MEPC 83 session, the IMO agreed to the procedures for proposing and reviewing default values of GHG fuel intensity. It was also sustainability criteria and certification of GHG intensity in the LCA Guidelines. MEPC 83 also agreed to continue discussions on improving the emission calculation methodology and noted the development of an Excel tool by GESAMP-LCA WG to standardize the reporting and calculation of proposed default emission factors, based on the 2024 LCA Guidelines. The editable file is available on the IMO website at: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Lifecycle-GHG---carbon-intensity- guidelines.aspx 3. Adoption of 2025 Action Plan to combat marine plastic litter (Agenda Item 8 – Follow-up work emanating from the Action Plan to address Marine Plastic Litter from Ships) On Monday 7 April 2025, to build on existing policy and regulatory frameworks, the IMO Committee adopted Resolution MEPC.404(83) - the 2025 Action Plan to Address Marine Plastic Litter from Ships, agreed by the Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR 12), and approved updated groupings of short-, mid- and long-term actions under this plan. The 2025 Action Plan is expected to be eventually combined with the Strategy to Address Marine Plastic Litter from Ships in a single resolution at a later date, after the Strategy has been reviewed and updated by the PPR Sub-Committee, taking into account documents MEPC83/8 and MEPC83/8/1. In this matter, the Committee invited interested Member States and international organizations to submit proposals. With regard to the carriage of plastic pellets in freight containers by sea, the Committee noted that PPR 12 had included a dedicated action for the development of mandatory measures to reduce the environmental risks of plastic pellets transported by sea in freight containers in the above 2025 Action Plan (PPR12/WP.7, annex 3). The PPR12 had forwarded all relevant documents to PPR13 for further consideration. 21  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 4. Review of the Ballast Water Management Convention (Agenda Item 4 – Harmful Aquatic Organisms in Ballast Water) On Monday 7 April 2025, the IMO Committee recalled that the re-establishment of the Ballast Water Review Group (BWRG) was foreseen in MEPC 82 (document MEPC82/17, paragraph 14.17.2). The Committee agreed to refer the documents submitted to BWRG for detailed consideration, excepting documents concerning the approval of ballast water management systems (BWMS) that make use of active substances and information on the type approval of BWMS and other information relating to ballast water management. Regarding the documents and matters referred directly to BWRG, the Committee: • Continued its ongoing review of Ballast Water Management (BWM) Convention, including stocktaking of the progress made and consideration of the way forward with regard to the overall plan for completion of the review, with some high-level decisions needed to facilitate the achievement of the review targets. • Re-established the Correspondence Group on Review of the BWM Convention, under the coordination of Australia, to finalize draft amendments to mandatory provisions of the Convention (regulations and appendices in the Annex to the BWM Convention, and BWMS Code), for submission and approval at MEPC 84 in spring 2026, with a view to completion and adoption by MEPC 85. The revision of existing and development of new guidelines are expected to be completed ahead of the amendments to the BWM Convention and the BWMS Code entry into force. 5. Air pollution prevention – various developments (Agenda Item 5 – Air Pollution Prevention) The plenary discussion was held on 8 April 2025, with the following documents being analysed: MEPC 83/5, MEPC 83/5/1 (Canada), MEPC83/10/3 (FOEI et al.) and MEPC 83/INF.35 (Secretariat). Implementation of the global 0.50% sulphur limit and the use of Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems (EGCS) The IMO Committee noted an update from the Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR 12) on regulating the discharge from Scrubbers. Interested Member States and international organizations were invited to submit new proposals on regulatory measures addressing discharges of EGCS discharge water to PPR 13 in early 2026 (MEPC83/10/1, paragraph 2.7). The Committee agreed to forward the documents MEPC 83/5/1 and MEPC83/10/3 to PPR 13 for further consideration and advice to the Committee. The Committee has also requested the re-establishment of the GESAMP Task Team on EGCS (MEPC83/10/1, paragraph 2.8 and 2.9) to develop a standard methodology for the development of data sets and calculation of emission factors for use in the environmental risk assessment of the discharge water from EGCS, with a view to reporting its findings to PPR 13. 22  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 Reduction of impact on the Arctic of Black Carbon emissions The Committee noted the ongoing work in PPR 12 on the concept of "polar fuels" (fuels that are most suitable for use in the Arctic to minimize environmental impact). In this respect, the Committee invited Member States and international organizations to submit proposals to PPR 13, which could be supported by scientific studies and findings from black carbon measurement campaigns using the measurement reporting protocol, as set out in Resolution MEPC.394(82). To allow additional time to further develop the concept of “polar fuels”, the Committee agreed to extend the target completion year for this output to 2027. Issues related to Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions Based on the report of PPR 12 (MEPC83/10/1, paragraph 2.10), the Committee adopted the 2025 Guidelines on Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) Systems. 6. Amendments to the NOX Technical Code 2008 (Agenda Item 3 – Consideration and adoption of amendments to mandatory instruments) At this session, on Monday 7 April 2025, the discussions were concentrated on consideration and adoption of proposed amendments to the NOx Technical Code 2008 (NTC 2008) on control of Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines, as stated in documents MEPC83/3 and MEPC83/3/2 (approved from adoption from MSC83/3) from 28.02.2025. The draft amendments consist of the review of NTC 2008 to provide certification of engines using non-carbon- containing-fuels or mixtures. The Committee adopted on same day the draft amendments to NTC 2008 related to the: • Use of multiple engine operational profiles for a marine diesel engine, including clarifying engine test cycles (MEPC 83/3 annex). The entry-into-force date is expected to be 1 March 2027, and to include additional effective dates in the draft MEPC resolution, as proposed in document MEPC83/3/2; • Re-certification of existing engines: Certification of an engine subject to substantial modification or being certified to a tier to which the engine had not been certified at the time of its installation (MEPC 83/3/1 annex). The expected entry-into-force date is expected to be 1 Sept.2026). These amendments will allow ships to optimize fuel consumption based on their operational profile, thus improving energy efficiency, while ensuring compliance with NOx emission requirements. 7. Reduction of Underwater Noise from Commercial Shipping (Agenda Item 9 – Experience-building phase for the reduction of underwater radiated noise from shipping) In 2024, MEPC 82 approved the Revised Guidelines for the Reduction of Underwater Radiated Noise (URN) from Shipping to address its adverse impacts on marine life. It also approved the Action plan for the Reduction of URN from Commercial Shipping (URN Action Plan) as a dynamic document, subject to period review and revision. Additionally, the Committee agreed to continue the three-year Experience-Building Phase (EBP) for the application of the Revised Guidelines and approved the Guidance on the EBP for the Revised guidelines. In 2025, SDC 11 discussed the URN form ships, including the development of an EBP monitoring framework, scoping and objective of new URN studies, and agreed to establish a CG on URN. 23  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 In this regard, at IMO MEPC 83, the Committee discussed the following points: 1. URN’s detrimental impact on marine ecosystems, especially in sensitive areas, with mitigation supporting energy efficiency goals; 2. The need for stakeholders to follow the Revised Guidelines, share experiences via the Experience-Building Phase (EBP), and enhance scientific understanding of URN mitigation; 3. The need for further studies on URN’s interplay with energy efficiency, its variation by ship type, and its interaction with local conditions (e.g., polar vs. tropical waters); 4. The allocation of sufficient time to EBP to incorporate experience from ships built and operated under the Revised Guidelines; 5. The Arctic’s unique biodiversity and underwater sound propagation, which require tailored URN mitigation measures; 6. The necessity for global and regional cooperation to address URN’s cross-border nature; 7. The role of IMO’s GloNoise Partnership Project, in collaboration with UNDP and the Global Environment Facility (GEF), within the wider efforts to mitigate URN’s impact on marine life; The Committee forwarded several documents, along with plenary comments, to SDC 12 for further consideration and instructed the URN Correspondence Group to incorporate these documents and comments into its work. 8. Developments of Guidance on Matters Relating to In-Water Cleaning (Agenda Item 10 – Pollution prevention and response) At this session, the discussions were focused on two documents MEPC 83/10/1 and 83/10/3. The Committee considered and approved the report of the Sub-Committee PPR12 and approved Circular MEPC.1/Circ.918 Guidance on in-water cleaning of ships' biofouling, providing guidance on matters relating to in-water cleaning of ships in line with the 2023 Guidelines for control and management of ships' biofouling to minimize the transfer of invasive aquatic species (resolution MEPC.378(80)). The document provides guidance on planning, conducting, and reporting on in-water cleaning operations, conducting pre-cleaning and post-cleaning inspections, approval of cleaning operations, in-water cleaning systems (IWCS) design, minimum performance standards, system approvals and coating compatibility, and the relevant in-water cleaning request form. Amendments to the 2023 Guidelines for the Development of the IHM The 2023 Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM) Guidelines (resolution MEPC.379(80) include for cybutryne the threshold corresponding to sampling of dry paint directly from the hull (i.e. 1000 mg/kg), but no threshold provided for wet sampling from a paint container. However, the threshold corresponding to wet sampling from a paint container (200 mg/kg) is considered relevant in cases where the development of the IHM is based on the collection of Material Declarations from suppliers to the shipbuilding industry The IMO Committee adopted Resolution MEPC.405(83) - Amendments to the 2023 Guidelines for the development of the Inventory of Hazardous Materials, clarifying the relevant threshold for cybutryne when sampling directly from hull or from wet paint containers. The inventory is a key requirement under the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships. 24  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 9. Approval of the designation of the North-East Atlantic Ocean as an Emission Control Area for SOx, PM and NOx (Agenda Item 12 – Identification and protection of Special Areas, ECAs and PSSAs) At this MEPC meeting, the Committee approved a proposal by Austria et al. (MEPC83/12) to designate the North-East Atlantic Ocean as an Emission Control Area (ECA) for Sulphur oxide emissions (SOX), particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide emissions (NOX). The associated draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI will be submitted to the extra-ordinary MEPC/ES.2 session in October 2025. Provided the amendments would be adopted by the extraordinary MEPC session, the earliest entry-into-force date of this new ECA in accordance with the MARPOL Convention would be after 16 months on 01 March 2027. The Tier III NOX requirements are expected to apply to ships contracted on or after 1 January 2027 means a ship: - for which the building contract is placed on or after 1 January 2027; or - in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid, or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after 1 July 2027; or - the delivery of which is on or after 1 January 2031. Proposal for the designation of two Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) The MEPC Committee considered and agreed in principle with a proposal by Peru to designate two new Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs): the "Reserva Nacional Dorsal de Nasca" (Nasca Ridge National Reserve) and the "Reserva Nacional Mar Tropical de Grau" (Grau Tropical Sea National Reserve). The Committee invited Peru to further develop the proposed associated protective measures and submit them for consideration and approval at the future MEPC 84. 5 Key Issues Related to IAMU Basic Agreement and Statements I have not observed any key aspects related to the basic agreement of the IAMU. The topics and discussions at MEPC 83 were in line with the key strategic directions expressed in the IAMU Basic Agreement (the 6th Amendment), effective on 1 November 2023. With regard to the protection of the marine environment, the maritime education & training is vital to ensure a successful transition to a new decarbonized shipping landscape, resulting from the implementation of the IMO 2023 Strategy on Reduction of GHG emissions from ships. The 2023 GHG Strategy states that IMO might "develop a seafarer's training and skills programme to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships". Based on these considerations and the personal experience at MEPC 83, a number of recommendations are suggested below. 6 Strategic Recommendations and Follow-up Actions for IEB Attention 6.1 For Policy Policy recommendation 1: 25  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 The results of IAMU’s relevant research projects could be submitted in the future to the IMO Secretariat as information (INF) papers. That’s because IAMU has already funded in the past a number of projects relevant to MEPC Agenda items (alternative fuels, sustainable shipping etc.). Policy recommendation 2: The IAMU LC could ensure the participation of at least two delegates in the MEPC meetings, by appointing a third alternative participant (on a waiting list) in case any of the two selected main delegates is unable to attend the meeting. This is particularly important when there are many working groups holding their discussions in parallel sessions at the same time, as is the case for the MEPC83. Policy recommendation 3: The IAMU members could play a more active role in promoting awareness of the latest marine environmental issues within their local communities and the maritime industry. This could be achieved through seminars, workshops, newsletters or public awareness campaigns. Policy recommendation 4: Through and with the help of WMU, IAMU member universities could support IMO in the development of a baseline training framework to equip seafarers with the necessary skills to safely use the zero or near-zero ZNZ carbon fuels. This could provide the future maritime professionals with the necessary knowledge and skills to to ensure a safe decarbonisation of shipping. 6.2 For Research and Development The outcomes of the 83rd session of the International Maritime Organization's Marine Environment Protection Committee (IMO MEPC 83) have several key impacts for the maritime education and training institutions. Here are some suggestions for research and development topics to serve as recommendations for the IAMU Liaison Committee (LC): Proposal (a): IMO Net-Zero Framework Possible key concepts to be developed and researched: - Research and make available zero or near-zero carbon (ZNZ) technologies, fuels and/or energy sources; - Develop and test, in close relation to shipping companies, technology providers or partner IAMU universities new innovative technologies aimed to achieve net-zero emissions; - Analyse the economic impact and implications of the Net Zero Framework on the shipping industry, including costs and benefits of implementation; Goals: - To strengthen the scientific collaboration network within IAMU members and raise the IAMU visibility in the global maritime industry; - To make the IAMU’s contribution more effective to the IMO, by increasing the number of proposals submitted to the IMO Secretariat; - To obtain financial support from the IMO's administrated fund (IMO Net-Zero Fund) for research activities about ZNZs. Note that an estimated revenue of about 10-15 billion USD/year is expected. Proposal (b): Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) Possible key concepts to be developed and researched: 26  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 - Develop pilot projects to test Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems in real maritime environment and further investigate the potential for the Onboard Carbon Capture and Storage (OCCS) through evaluating the efficiency, costs and environmental impact. Goals: - To reduce GHG emissions and air pollution from ships and mitigate negative environmental consequences; - To validate the technical and economic feasibility of the OCCS technology; - Contribution to IMO MEPC (development of regulatory framework for the use of OCCS and/or development of guidelines on testing, survey and certification of OCCS). Proposal (c): Digitalisation and smart technologies for emissions reduction Possible key concepts to be developed and researched: - Use of digital technologies, such as ship’s digital twin model, to optimize ship operations and reduce emissions; - Develop smart systems for real-time emissions monitoring and reporting, facilitating compliance with the new regulations; - Utilization of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to predict and optimize ship routes for minimal fuel consumption and emissions. Goals: - To reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions; - Raise awareness regarding the benefits and opportunities of digitalization for sustainability in maritime operations; 6.3 For Education and Training To place the maritime students and/or seafarers at the heart of shipping’s decarbonization efforts, a comprehensive overhaul of their training is necessary. A number of courses/training modules could be developed by MET institutions, members of IAMU, as follows: Education/training recommendation 1: Update MET academic programs with courses about alternative fuels (e.g. LNG, methanol, ammonia, LPG, hydrogen), and corresponding operation and troubleshooting of dual-fuel marine engines. This will ensure that our students as future seafarers are already prepared for the full decarbonization and know how to handle the ZNZ carbon fuels and the corresponding ship’s propulsion machinery. Education/training recommendation 2: Integration of environmental awareness and training on reduction the GHG emissions and air pollution from ships within IAMU's maritime education and training institutions. Update MET academic programs with an interdisciplinary course on greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution from ships, with a content consisting of topics such as climate change and global warming, meteorology and oceanography, chemistry, marine engineering & innovative technologies, maritime law etc., all integrated into one comprehensive course. Education/training recommendation 3: Use best practices learned from the initiative ”Train-the-Trainer program on alternative fuels for sustainable shipping”. This is a part of a project developed and managed by IMO and the Maritime Just Transition Task Force (MJTTF), recently tested in Shanghai at IMO-established MTCC (April 27  REPORT MEPC 83 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 7-11 April 2025 2025). The aim could be to assist all MET institutions, members of IAMU, to develop specific training for their students and/or seafarers on energy efficiency, to ensure a safe decarbonisation of shipping in the years to come. Education/training recommendation 4: Use of the IMO's data collection system (IMO DCS) on ship fuel consumption in various maritime education and training projects, as soon as it will be accessible to the public. 7 Contacts Made, Discussions Held and/or Possible External Collaborations to be Developed The main role of IAMU’s delegates attendance at IMO meetings is to enhance IAMU ’s visibility and creates new opportunities for cooperation with other stakeholders in maritime industry. Following this goal, I have contacted during the breaks some of the delegates from Member-States, such as Germany, Indonesia, Bangladesh and Romania. Regarding IGOs and NGOs, I initiated several informal discussions, as presented below: Monday 07.April 2025: DNV (Det Norske Veritas) Mr. Marc Joseph Arpon, Account Manager at Region West Europe: informal discussion about a possible collaboration with maritime universities, members of IAMU. It is well-known that DNV is open for collaborations with the maritime academic community. Recent collaborative projects with WMU are an example. Tuesday 08.April 2025: The collaboration with the delegation of International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF) and the Nautical Institute (NI) was re-confirmed, stressing their commitment for a collaboration with IAMU in elaboration of future proposals to IMO Secretariat, regarding the current and future research works in environmental protection matters. Wednesday 09.April 2025: ISWA (International Windship Association) Mr. Gavin Allwright, Secretary General IWSA: informal discussions on finding ways of collaboration with maritime universities. IWSA has expertise and interest to conduct research in the field of WAPS (Wind-Assisted Propulsion System). Mr. Allwright has submitted several proposals and had subsequently many plenary interventions at MEPC83. He expressed his willingness and agreed that formal invitations from interested maritime universities to deliver guest lectures on WAPS matter may represent a good starting point towards a collaboration. This report has been prepared, as instructed, within one month after the closure of the meeting (11 April 2025), to provide advice to the IAMU members. 12. May 2025 Laurentiu Chiotoroiu 28 REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 - REPRESENTATIVE REPORT ON EXTERNAL MEETING - Meeting IMO NCSR, 12th Session, London, UK 13 - 22 May 2025 REPORT By Assoc Prof Dr Nicoleta Acomi Assist Prof Dr Tanja Brcko Satler 26/05/2025 29  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 1 Introduction The Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR) deals with all matters related to navigation and communication, including the analysis and approval of ships routeing measures and ship reporting systems; carriage requirements and performance standards for navigational and communication equipment; the long-range identification and tracking (LRIT) system and the development of e-navigation. It also deals with search and rescue matters and the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), including recognition of service providers. Joint working groups reporting to the NCSR Sub-Committee include the ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue and the Joint IMO/ITU Experts Group on Maritime Radiocommunication Matters. The twelfth session of the Sub-Committee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR) was held from 13 to 22 May 2025 (Circular Letter No.4952), chaired by Mr. J. Brouwers (Kingdom of the Netherlands). The Vice-Chair, Mr. C. Cerda Espejo (Chile), was also present. The session was attended by Members and Associate Members; representatives from the United Nations and specialized agencies; observers from intergovernmental organizations with agreements of cooperation; and observers from non-governmental organizations in consultative status 2 Meeting Agenda 1. Adoption of the agenda 2. Decisions of other IMO bodies 3. Routeing measures and ship reporting systems (7.22) 4. Updates to the LRIT system (7.23) 5. Developments in GMDSS services, including guidelines on maritime safety information (MSI) (7.2) 6. Response to matters related to the ITU-R Study Groups and ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (2.1) 7. Development of global maritime SAR services, including harmonization of maritime and aeronautical procedures and amendments to the IAMSAR Manual (1.34) 8. Development of procedures and requirements for the recognition of augmentation systems in the Worldwide Radionavigation System (2.[…]) 9. Development of amendments to SOLAS chapters IV and V and performance standards and guidelines to introduce VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) (2.28) 10. Development of guidelines for software maintenance of shipboard navigation and communication equipment and systems (2.[…]) 11. Development of guidelines for EPIRB which implement the two-way communication service via the SAR/Galileo Return Link service as a complement to EPIRB performance standards (resolution MSC.471(101)) (2.[…]) 12. Development of guidelines for the use of electronic nautical publications (ENP) (7.49) 13. Revision of the Performance Standards for Shipborne BeiDou Satellite Navigation System (BDS) Receiver Equipment (resolution MSC.379(93)) (2.[…]) 14. Development of guidance to establish a framework for data distribution and global IP-based connectivity between shore-based facilities and ships for ECDIS S-100 products (new) 15. Validated model training courses (6.2) 30  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 16. Unified interpretation of provisions of IMO safety, security, environment, facilitation, liability and compensation-related conventions (7.1) 17. Biennial status report and provisional agenda for NCSR 13 18. Election of Chair and Vice-Chair for 2026 19. Any other business 20. Report to the Maritime Safety Committee 3 Documents Submitted/Interventions Made by IAMU No documents have been submitted to IMO 4 Summary of Meeting Outcomes 4.1 Brief summary of the documents submitted to be examined The agenda of the 12th NCSR covered a wide range of topics, including maritime safety, navigation systems, communication technologies, SAR operations and digitalisation. Main topics considered were: Meeting agenda • NCSR 12/1. The meeting agenda was outlined in document NCSR 12/1/2, which included a provisional timetable and details on the establishment of working, experts, and drafting groups. This was addopted at the begining of the meeting. • The Sub-Committee was informed of the proposed establishment of three working groups and one experts group to address agenda items spanning navigation, communications, and search and rescue matters. Decisions of other IMO bodies • NCSR 12/2. The Sub-Committee was informed of decisions from the 132nd session of the IMO Council (C 132) and the 109th session of the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC 109) that are relevant to its agenda. These included provisions for hybrid meeting arrangements, updates to working methods, and matters related to SAR services, IAMSAR Manual amendments, and the biennial status report. The Sub-Committee was invited to consider these developments under the respective agenda items. Routeing measures and ship reporting systems • NCSR 12/3. Amendment of the existing mandatory ship reporting system in the Adriatic Sea (ADRIREP: The proposal, submitted by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, and Slovenia, seeks to modernise ADRIREP, a ship reporting system originally based on 2003 technologies. The revised system aims to reduce VHF- based reporting and administrative burdens by automating ship reporting through integration with AIS and SafeSeaNet platforms. • NCSR 12/3/1. Creation of an Area to Be Avoided off the Coast of Reunion (France): France proposed the establishment of an Area to Be Avoided (ATBA) off the coast of Reunion Island to improve navigational safety, reduce the risk of ship groundings, and protect the marine environment and cetacean habitats. The proposed measure targets 31  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 cargo ships over 300 GT in transit and would divert traffic away from sensitive coastal and ecological zones with minimal impact on main maritime routes. • NCSR 12/3/2. Change of Chart Datum and Minimum Depth in South Åland Sea Deep- Water Route: Finland and Sweden proposed updating the minimum depth in the South Åland Sea deep-water route to 17.60 metres, following hydrographic surveys and the transition to the Baltic Sea Chart Datum 2000 (BSCD 2000). This change, aimed at ensuring navigational safety, will be reflected in new chart editions and an addendum to SN.1/Circ.272 from Q2/2025 onwards. • NCSR 12/3/3. Minor Amendment of Existing Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems: A group of European coastal States proposed a minor amendment to multiple existing ship reporting systems to require submission of maritime insurance and civil liability certificates under designator X ("Miscellaneous"). This aims to enhance safety, environmental protection, and legal enforcement by ensuring vessels transiting sensitive sea areas carry valid and verifiable insurance coverage. • NCSR 12-INF.5. RunRisks Study on Maritime Accident Risks off the Coast of La Réunion (France). France reports findings from the RunRisks study, identifying key maritime accident risks in the region, including ship-reef collisions and SAR challenges, and recommending targeted safety measures such as designated sea lanes and better information dissemination. • NCSR 12-INF.6. Proposal for an Area to Be Avoided Off La Réunion (France). To protect ecologically sensitive coastal waters and whale migration routes, France proposes an Area to Be Avoided (ATBA) for ships over 300 GT navigating near La Réunion Island. • NCSR 12-INF.10. Review of China’s Ship Routeing and Reporting System. China reports improvements to the ship routeing and reporting system near Chengshan Jiao, showing reduced collisions and increased traffic efficiency following expanded TSS measures and enhanced reporting protocols • NCSR 12-INF.15. Proposal for New Traffic Separation Schemes off Northern Peru (Peru). Peru proposes establishing three Traffic Separation Schemes along its northern coast to reduce navigational risks and protect humpback whale habitats while supporting sustainable maritime development Updates to the LRIT (Long-term identification and tracking) system • NCSR 12/4. Developments on LRIT since NCSR 11: The Secretariat reported stable operations of the LRIT Data Distribution Plan server and Information Distribution Facility, with successful disaster recovery testing completed in December 2024. It recommended streamlining testing protocols for LRIT Data Centres and enabling Contracting Governments to directly update national contact details in the GISIS module to reduce administrative burden. • NCSR 12/4/1. Performance of the LRIT system and recommendations by the LRIT Coordinator: IMSO reported that the LRIT system operated reliably between February 2024 and January 2025, but highlighted underuse of information exchange between Contracting Governments (only 2.4% of ship positions shared), outdated GPS timestamps, and audit participation issues. It recommended enhancing compliance through improved audits, updates to LRIT point-of-contact information, correction of polygon data, and addressing two major non-conformities, including one affecting the DPRK Data Centre’s tracking capability. • NCSR 12/4/2. Report from the LRIT Operational Governance Body: The LRIT Operational Governance Body reported stable system operations, addressed security and 32  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 audit-related issues, and concluded that existing timestamp parameters should be retained despite potential GNSS vulnerabilities, recommending continued monitoring and reporting of shipborne equipment anomalies • NCSR 12/4/3. Audit reports of LRIT Data Centres and the International LRIT Data Exchange: IMSO reported the completion of 62 LRIT audit reports between April 2024 and February 2025, highlighting ongoing financial and consent-related delays affecting several Data Centres, while confirming that audit findings were uploaded to the GISIS platform for Member State access. • NCSR 12-INF.4. Scale of Charges for LRIT Coordination in 2025 (IMSO). IMSO outlines the proposed 2025 LRIT Coordinator fees, maintaining a zero-rate fee for shipborne equipment testing and minor increases for Data Centre audits and IDE administration to reflect inflation-adjusted operational costs. • NCSR 12-INF.16. Status of the International LRIT Data Exchange (European Commission). The European Commission reports that the International LRIT Data Exchange achieved 99.98% availability in 2024, processed over 16 million messages, and implemented system resilience and cybersecurity enhancements Developments in GMDSS services, including guidelines on maritime safety information (MSI) • NCSR 12/5. Report of the IMO NAVTEX Coordinating Panel • NCSR 12/5/1. Cospas-Sarsat Status Report: The Cospas-Sarsat system supported over 1,000 SAR incidents in 2023, with expanding beacon use and MEOSAR capacity, while emphasising SPOC communication improvements and preparing for full operational capability by 2025 • NCSR 12/5/2. Inmarsat Performance Report: IMSO reported that Inmarsat maintained GMDSS service availability above 99.99% in 2024, with only one minor outage and ongoing efforts to align services with updated PSA terms and enhance maritime safety communications • NCSR 12/5/3. Iridium Performance Report: Iridium’s GMDSS services also achieved 99.99% availability in 2024 despite three brief outages, and IMSO highlighted the need for full implementation of SafetyCast by all MSI providers to meet IMO deadlines • NCSR 12/5/4. Australia, Canada, New Zealand Comments: These delegations support amendments to SOLAS regulation IV/5 and resolution MSC.509(105) to ensure MSI and SAR information is disseminated through all recognised satellite services • NCSR 12/5/5. Message Priorities – China, France, Ireland: The document clarifies how message priority levels in NAVDAT should align with NAVTEX practices to support accurate and timely broadcasting of MSI and SAR-related information • NCSR 12/5/6. Enhanced Group Call Panel Report: The Chair of the Enhanced Group Call Panel reported updates on coordination and technical aspects of EGC services within GMDSS, underlining system reliability and operational progress (based on document title and known agenda structure). • NCSR 12/5/7. UK Comments on NCSR 12/6: The UK comments on the proposed SOLAS amendments, advocating for clear inclusion of requirements for dissemination of MSI and SAR data via all operational satellite services (inferred from standard format and context). • NCSR 12/5/8. EU Member States Comments on NCSR 12/6: A group of 27 EU countries and the EC support amendments to SOLAS Chapter V to clarify the use of all operational 33  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 satellite services for broadcasting MSI and SAR information, aligning with MSC.1/Circ.1645 • NCSR 12-INF.9. IHO Update on WWNWS-SC Activities. The IHO summarises key outcomes from the 16th WWNWS-SC session, including S-100/S-124 implementation and GMDSS planning, and announces the 17th session will be held in Washington, D.C., in September 2025 Response to matters related to the ITU-R Study Groups and ITU World Radiocommunication Conference • NCSR 12/6. The report of the 20th Joint IMO/ITU Experts Group outlines key outcomes on issues such as AIS signal interference, revisions to ITU-R recommendations, GMDSS updates, and frequency use for maritime radiocommunications, and provides draft liaison statements for consideration by the Sub-Committee • NCSR 12/6/1: ITU-R Working Party 5B informed IMO of a shortage of manufacturer IDs for devices using freeform number identities and encouraged the development of a long- term technical solution • NCSR 12/6/2: ITU-R Working Party 4C requested IMO to confirm current or planned use of the 1 645.5–1 646.5 MHz frequency band, as part of WRC-27 agenda item 1.12 studies under Resolution 252 (WRC-23) • NCSR 12/6/3: ITU-R WP 5B submitted a nearly finalized draft of the revised Recommendation ITU-R M.1371-5, including numerous technical and editorial changes affecting AIS operations, for IMO review and comment • NCSR 12/6/6 (Japan): Japan commented on AIS signal interference, stating that no real- world impact on navigation safety has been observed and suggesting further discussion should focus only on confirmed safety-related effects Development of global maritime SAR services, including harmonization of maritime and aeronautical procedures and amendments to the IAMSAR Manual • NCSR 12/7. Report of the 31st ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group. This document reports the outcomes of the 31st ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue, addressing updates to the IAMSAR Manual, SAR system capabilities, operational procedures, psychological support in emergencies, and coordination improvements between maritime and aeronautical SAR services • NCSR 12/7/1. Guidance for Global SAR Plan Information. The Secretariat provides consolidated guidance for entering and updating SAR service information into the GISIS Global SAR Plan module, including procedures for defining search and rescue regions using geographical data and technical standards • NCSR 12/7/2. Review of SOLAS Regulation V/7.3. The document presents background and audit analysis prompting a review of the appropriateness and effectiveness of SOLAS regulation V/7.3 on passenger ship SAR cooperation plans, identifying systemic implementation challenges among Member States • NCSR 12/7/3. Outdated SAR Resolutions. Australia proposes a review and update of resolutions A.225(VII) and A.616(15) referenced in SOLAS regulation V/7.1, highlighting their outdated SAR radiocommunication and homing guidance and recommending modernization in line with current technologies. 34  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 • NCSR 12-INF.11. U.S. Amver Programme 2024 Activity Report. The United States reports that the Amver programme helped save 255 lives in 2024, with over 6,300 participating ships, reinforcing its importance in global SAR operations • NCSR 12-INF.13. Polar SAR Preparedness (U.S.). The U.S. outlines Arctic SAR modelling efforts and cooperative strategies for polar emergency response, calling for international collaboration to address growing maritime activity in polar regions Development of procedures and requirements for the recognition of augmentation systems in the Worldwide Radionavigation System (WWRNS) • NCSR 12/8. Proposal for draft procedures and requirements for the recognition of augmentation systems (Australia, China, Finland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Romania, UK): This document proposes draft procedures for the IMO recognition of augmentation systems—such as SBAS and RAIM—as components of the Worldwide Radionavigation System (WWRNS), with options to either adopt a new resolution or revise the existing one (A.1046(27)) to ensure enhanced accuracy, integrity, and continuity of maritime navigation • NCSR 12/8/1. Comments on NCSR 12/8 (Oman): Oman supports the proposal but recommends additional measures, including cybersecurity safeguards, phased implementation support for developing countries and SIDS, and global interoperability standards for GNSS augmentation systems to ensure equitable and secure maritime navigation Development of amendments to SOLAS chapters IV and V and performance standards and guidelines to introduce VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) • NCSR 12/9. Report of the Correspondence Group on VHF Data Exchange System (VDES). Japan submitted the report of the Correspondence Group, proposing draft amendments to SOLAS chapters IV and V and related instruments to introduce the VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) as a complement to AIS for ship communications. • NCSR 12/9/1. Comments by the Secretariat on document NCSR 12/9. The Secretariat proposes an alternative approach for implementing VDES by introducing a resolution that allows AIS-related requirements in non-mandatory instruments to apply equally to the AIS component of VDES, thereby simplifying regulatory amendments • NCSR 12/9/2. Comments from Liberia. Liberia expresses general support for VDES development and stresses the importance of clarity in the scope of amendments, especially distinguishing between mandatory and non-mandatory instruments. • NCSR 12/9/3. Comments from CIRM. CIRM provides technical feedback on the proposed amendments, highlighting the need for further alignment with existing IMO instruments and suggesting that some revisions may still lack sufficient maturity for finalization.. Development of guidelines for software maintenance of shipboard navigation and communication equipment and systems • NCSR 12/10. Draft Guidelines for Software Maintenance of Shipboard Navigation and Communication Equipment and Systems (Liberia, Marshall Islands, ICS, BIMCO, IACS, CIRM): This document proposes detailed non-mandatory guidelines for maintaining software on shipboard navigation and communication systems regulated under SOLAS chapters IV and V, aiming to improve safety, cybersecurity, and efficiency through 35  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 standardised processes, certified service providers, electronic service reports, and onboard software logs. Development of guidelines for EPIRB which implement the two-way communication service via the SAR/Galileo Return Link service as a complement to EPIRB performance standards (resolution MSC.471(101)) • No documents submitted. Development of guidelines for the use of electronic nautical publications (ENP) • NCSR 12/12. Report of the Correspondence Group on Development of Guidelines for the Use of Electronic Nautical Publications (Republic of Korea): This document presents the draft guidelines for the carriage and use of electronic nautical publications (ENP), addressing definitions, system requirements, power supply, display size, backup arrangements, cybersecurity, and certification to ensure standardised and safe implementation across vessels • NCSR 12/12/1. Comments on NCSR 12/12 (China): China proposes revisions to the draft ENP guidelines to refine the definition of the ENP system, remove the ambiguous term "ENP manufacturer," and ensure troubleshooting procedures are not limited to specific providers but included in the ship's safety management system. Revision of the Performance standards for shipborne BeiDou Satellite Navigation System (BDS) receiver equipment (resolution MSC.379(93)) • NCSR 12/13. Draft Revision of the Performance Standards for Shipborne BeiDou Satellite Navigation System (BDS) Receiver Equipment (China): China proposed revisions to resolution MSC.379(93) to align BDS performance standards with current satellite services, introducing multi-frequency signal support, enhanced accuracy criteria, integrity monitoring, and cybersecurity provisions, aimed at improving reliability and adoption of BDS in maritime navigation. Development of guidance to establish a framework for data distribution and global IP-based connectivity between shore-based facilities and ships for ECDIS S-100 products • NCSR 12/14. (Australia, NZ, ROK, Türkiye, UAE): Proposes a comprehensive guidance framework using SECOM and MCP to support secure, real-time IP-based distribution of S-100 products to ECDIS-equipped ships, enhancing digital navigation and maritime safety • NCSR 12/14/1. (ISO): Recommends a holistic and simplified approach to maritime digitalisation, urging reduced reliance on SECOM and MCP by allowing lighter alternatives for simpler S-100 transactions and considering integration with ISO 28005 protocols • NCSR 12/14/2. (Australia): Outlines implementation requirements for SECOM infrastructure within the proposed framework, suggesting integration with existing ENC distribution systems and detailing roles for VARs, RENCs, and MCP instances • NCSR 12/14/3. (Japan): Identifies key elements for safe implementation of S-100 ECDIS, including SOLAS amendments, display controls, IP connectivity safeguards, and clarified roles for non-IHO data products • NCSR 12/14/4. (EU Member States and EC): Highlights unresolved overlaps between certain S-100 products and MSI under GMDSS, proposing either separate handling or a trial period to evaluate regulatory and operational impacts 36  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 • NCSR 12/14/5. (United Kingdom): Calls for explicit caution in guidance to clarify that S-100 products are not MSI, and insists that any IP-based data transmission system must match or exceed GMDSS standards to ensure safety and reliability • NCSR 12/14/6. (Japan): Raises concerns about S-100 MSI data potentially confusing mariners, recommends neutrality in naming technologies like SECOM/MCP, and questions the suitability of commercial MCPs for safety-related services • NCSR 12/14/7. (CIRM):Supports a cautious and standards-based implementation of S- 100 connectivity, suggesting clearer definitions, standardized ship identities, and avoidance of vendor lock-in via proprietary APIs • NCSR 12/14/8. (Türkiye): Endorses the guidance and proposes technical enhancements such as network redundancy, metadata, AI-driven caching, multilingual search, and continuous crew training to ensure a scalable, resilient maritime data infrastructure. • NCSR 12-INF.14. Considerations for Implementing S-100 Products (EU Members). Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria and others highlight the need for harmonised technical specifications, validation tools, and regulatory alignment to ensure safe and effective implementation of S-100 products Validated model training courses • NCSR 12/15. This report presents the Review Group’s endorsement of the draft revised Model Course 3.14 on SAR Mission Coordinator (IAMSAR Volume II), confirming its alignment with IMO standards and recommending its adoption without major objections • NCSR 12/15/1. Revision of Model Course 3.15 on SAR On-Scene Coordinator (Secretariat): This document proposes draft terms of reference for revising Model Course 3.15 to align it with the latest IAMSAR Manual Volume III, detailing a development timeline, key responsibilities, and instructional guidelines, with a view to validation at NCSR 14 • NCSR 12/15/Add.1. This document contains the full text of the revised Model Course 3.14, providing a comprehensive framework, learning outcomes, instructional content, and assessment structure for training Search and Rescue Mission Coordinators in accordance with IAMSAR Manual Volume II. Unified interpretation of provisions of IMO safety, security, environment, facilitation, liability and compensation-related conventions • No documents submitted. Biennial status report and provisional agenda for NCSR 13 • NCSR 12/17. Workload of the Sub-Committee (Chair and Vice-Chair): The Chair and Vice-Chair proposed a set of actions to manage the growing workload of NCSR, including reviewing continuous outputs, improving intersessional arrangements, simplifying working group reports, and potentially reducing session length from eight to five days for the 2026–2027 biennium. Election of Chair and Vice-Chair for 2026 • No documents submitted. Any other business • NCSR 12/19. Progress on standards development by the IEC: IEC reported ongoing revisions and new developments to technical standards supporting GNSS (QZSS), ECDIS 37  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 (S-100), VDES, GMDSS, and bridge alert management, aligning with IMO resolutions and aiming for completion by 2026–2028 • NCSR 12/19/1. Update on the progress of S-100 implementation (IHO): IHO provided a detailed update on the operational readiness of S-100-based product specifications for ECDIS, including S-101 and related standards, with initial deployments planned for 2026 and mandatory implementation by 2029 • NCSR 12/19/2. Limitations of the LRIT system and enhanced tracking proposal (Iran): Iran highlighted LRIT’s limitations—such as latency, coverage gaps, and outdated intervals - and proposed integrating satellite-based AIS for real-time, global maritime tracking to enhance safety and SAR response • NCSR 12/19/3. Smartphone technology in maritime SAR (Iran): Iran advocated for incorporating satellite-enabled smartphones into the GMDSS framework to improve maritime SAR communication, offering real-time distress messaging and location tracking in areas lacking conventional coverage. • NCSR 12-INF.2. Enhanced Radar Positioning System for Resilient Navigation (IALA). IALA introduces the Enhanced Radar Positioning System (e-RPS) as a backup to GNSS for resilient maritime navigation, using shore-based radar transponders to provide position fixes independent of satellite systems. • NCSR 12-INF.3. Trial Analysis of LRIT Ship Reporting Data (IMSO). IMSO presents the results of a 2023 trial analysing LRIT ship reports, revealing high system reliability but also highlighting missed transmissions from a small subset of ships, often due to configuration or power issues. • NCSR 12-INF.7. Improving the Safety of Pilot Transfer Arrangements (IMPA). IMPA’s 2024 Safety Campaign reveals that 13% of pilot transfer arrangements remain non- compliant, with recurring issues in pilot ladder safety and equipment, and recommends early implementation of new IMO standards • NCSR 12-INF.8. Enhancing AIS Security with LRIT Cross-Referencing (Republic of Korea). The Republic of Korea proposes using LRIT data to verify AIS transmissions, demonstrating a tested system that flags discrepancies in MMSI data to detect manipulation and improve maritime security integrity • NCSR 12-INF.12. Maritime Survivor Locating Devices (U.S.). The U.S. promotes voluntary carriage of Maritime Survivor Locating Devices (MSLDs) for crew members, describing their benefits, relevant IMO standards, and role in improving individual SAR outcomes. Report to the Maritime Safety Committee • No documents submitted. 4.2 Main Outcomes of the NCSR 12 Session In view of the work planned for this session, the Sub-Committee established Working Group 1, chaired by Mr. A. Jennings (Ireland), Working Group 2, chaired by Mr. H. Noguchi (Japan) and Working Group 3, chaired by Mr. F. Liu (China), and agreed to instruct them under the relevant agenda items. The Sub-Committee agreed that the establishment of other groups would be decided after considering other agenda items. 1. The subcommittee approved the establishment of a new area to be avoided (ATBA) off the coast of La Réunion. This measure aims to reduce the risk of groundings of vessels near environmentally and operationally vulnerable coastal areas, following several 38  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 incidents and limited emergency response options. The ATBA was adopted with amended limits and is due to come into force six months after adoption by MSC 111. 2. Amendments to the ADRIREP ship reporting system in the Adriatic Sea Proposals from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia to modernise and expand the ADRIREP reporting system were adopted. The main changes include automatic reporting via SafeSeaNet, the extension of coverage to new states and a new reporting category for ships ≥10,000 GT. Implementation is planned for 12 months after adoption by MSC 111. 3. The subcommittee also discussed a proposal submitted by several European coastal states to amend ten existing mandatory ship reporting systems (e.g. BELTREP, SOUNDREP, OUESSREP). Although the general objective was to improve maritime awareness through the reporting of insurance certificates and ship status, the proposal raised significant legal and procedural concerns. Several Member States and observer organisations pointed out inconsistencies with international law, in particular SOLAS and UNCLOS provisions, as well as the additional burden it would place on ships’ crews. Several Member States insisted that the changes should only be implemented as voluntary measures pending a more thorough assessment. 4. The Sub-Committee finalised draft amendments to SOLAS Chapter V and associated instruments to allow the inclusion of VDES as an alternative to AIS. Performance standards, operational guidelines and a supporting MSC resolution have been agreed. Entry into force is planned for 1 January 2028 to ensure alignment with the upcoming introduction of S-100 ECDIS and to protect the allocated radio frequencies. 5. It has been confirmed that augmentation systems (e.g. SBAS, ARAIM) do not require formal recognition by the IMO, but operational requirements will be included in the Annex to Resolution A.1046(27). The draft MSC Resolution and the pathway for the development of future performance standards for ship-based augmentation receivers (Issue 204) were approved. 6. The Guidelines for the Carriage and Use of Electronic Nautical Publications (ENP) originally submitted by the Republic of Korea and further developed by China were adopted with some amendments. The final draft of the MSC Circular was significantly amended during discussions in the working group to include minimum technical requirements (e.g. screen size, power supply), clear definitions of ENP systems and their integration into shipboard documentation, and harmonisation with existing IMO guidelines (such as MSC.1/Circ.1496). These changes reflect both operational requirements and feedback from the industry. 7. The revision of the performance standards for BeiDou Satellite Navigation Receivers (BDS) proposed by China was accepted in principle, but not in its original form. Delegates expressed technical concerns about the proposed change to the geodetic datum. The subcommittee therefore set up a special drafting group to revise the text. The revised resolution aligns the standards with the latest capabilities of BDS while ensuring consistency with existing IMO terminology and application clauses. 8. Proposals to develop an IP-based data distribution framework for S-100 ECDIS, put forward by Australia, ISO and other stakeholders, were widely supported but not finalised at this meeting. Key challenges included harmonisation of data formats, delineation of responsibilities between maritime safety information providers and hydrographic authorities, and interaction with GMDSS. The subcommittee agreed that further intersessional work is required before a final framework can be presented to the MSC. 39  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 9. The agenda item on the development of guidelines for EPIRBs using the SAR/Galileo return link service was not discussed substantively as no working documents were submitted. The subcommittee asked the Maritime Safety Committee to decide whether this item should remain on the 2026–2027 biennial agenda. 5 Key Issues Related to IAMU Basic Agreement and Statements • MET Quality. The discussions on the revision of Model Courses 3.14 and 3.15 for SAR coordination highlight IMO’s continued commitment to quality training for future seafarers, supporting IAMU’s mission to develop effective MET systems ensuring safety at sea and the transfer of maritime knowledge. • Digitalisation. The comprehensive agenda on the implementation of S-100 products and global IP-based connectivity for ECDIS systems reflects the importance of international academic cooperation in preparing MET institutions for digital transformation, in line with IAMU’s vision for innovation and excellence. • Resilience and maritime safety. New initiatives such as the Enhanced Radar Positioning System (e-RPS) and AIS-LRIT data cross-referencing illustrate the growing need to integrate cyber-resilience and redundancy into maritime education and operations - an area central to IAMU’s focus on safety, security, and environmental protection. • Data sharing: Technical reports, including the LRIT data analysis, the RunRisks study, and proposals for intelligent maritime traffic systems, emphasise the value of applied research and knowledge dissemination, fully aligned with IAMU’s mission to support scholarly work in the maritime domain. • Regional risk awareness: The proposals for Areas to Be Avoided and new Traffic Separation Schemes reflect increasing attention to environmental protection and operational safety in sensitive areas - key themes also endorsed by IAMU in its global approach to MET and sustainability. 6 Strategic Recommendations and Follow-up Actions for IEB Attention 6.1 For Policy • Support for early implementation of IMO amendments IAMU members should be encouraged to incorporate upcoming amendments to SOLAS and pilot transfer regulations (effective 1 January 2028) into their MET curricula in advance, promoting proactive compliance and leadership in maritime safety education. • Adoption of S-100 policy guidelines IAMU should develop internal policy guidance to support member universities in aligning with the S-100 implementation roadmap and the associated digital transition in ECDIS and MSI, ensuring academic preparedness for future IMO requirements. • Policy framework for Cybersecurity and data integrity in MET In light of IMO discussions on AIS manipulation and cybersecurity threats, IAMU should consider establishing a policy position on integrating digital security, AIS/LRIT integrity, and data resilience within MET policies and standards. • Advocacy for equitable access to maritime technologies IAMU may consider engaging with IMO and other UN bodies to advocate for policies that support developing countries and small island states in adopting GNSS augmentation and IP- based navigation technologies, addressing concerns raised during NCSR 12. • Enhancement of SAR and polar preparedness education policy 40  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 Based on emerging needs discussed at NCSR 12 (e.g. polar SAR modelling and smartphone- based emergency tools), IAMU could promote the inclusion of SAR resilience and emerging tech policies in MET institution guidelines. 6.2 For Research and Development Proposal (a) Digital transition in maritime navigation Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Implementation of S-100-based products in ECDIS and training simulators - Impact of IP-based connectivity on MET infrastructure - Integration of S-124 (navigational warnings) into digital learning environments Goals: - To evaluate readiness of MET institutions for S-100 transition - To develop pedagogical frameworks for S-100 competency training - To contribute to the global roadmap for digital navigation implementation in IMO context Proposal (b) Maritime cybersecurity and data integrity Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Detection and mitigation of AIS spoofing and LRIT manipulation - Cyber risk management practices on board ships and in shore-based systems - Incorporation of cybersecurity into STCW-aligned MET Goals: - To analyse vulnerabilities in current navigation and communication systems - To develop training modules and scenarios on maritime cyber threats - To support policy recommendations for secure AIS/LRIT data practices Proposal (c) Search and rescue preparedness Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Search and rescue modelling for Arctic and Antarctic waters - Integration of satellite-enabled smartphones and wearable distress devices - Human factors and survivability in polar SAR operation Goals: - To model time-to-rescue and crew exposure in polar regions - To design MET training for SAR response in extreme environments - To support inter-agency collaboration through simulation and knowledge-sharing Proposal (d) Sustainable navigation in ecologically sensitive areas Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Effectiveness of Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) and Areas to Be Avoided (ATBA) - Balancing safety, operational efficiency, and marine environmental protection - Use of e-navigation and AIS tools in mitigating ecological impact Goals: - To assess the impact of routeing measures on biodiversity and ship operations - To provide policy guidance on integrating environmental awareness in MET - To enhance knowledge on risk mitigation in high-traffic sensitive sea areas 6.3 For Education and Training • Integrate S-100 training into MET curricula 41  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 Encourage IAMU member institutions to begin integrating S-100 product training into navigation and ECDIS courses, preparing cadets for digital navigation and the IMO’s implementation roadmap. • Update training content for revised SAR model courses Ensure early incorporation of revised IMO model courses on SAR Mission and On-Scene Coordinators into MET programmes, including simulation-based training and scenario planning. • Enhance competencies in cybersecurity awareness and ais integrity Include cybersecurity risk awareness, AIS/LRIT data verification, and digital system integrity in both deck and engine department syllabi, reflecting emerging challenges in ship operations. • Promote familiarity with future communication technologies Introduce students to concepts related to VHF Data Exchange System (VDES), SECOM, and e-navigation services to build early understanding of upcoming communication protocols. • Develop E-learning modules on environmental routeing and sensitive areas Create digital training content on ship routeing systems, ATBA, and protection of marine ecological zones. • Strengthen training in polar operations Incorporate Arctic and Antarctic case studies, polar SAR modelling, and use of new technologies (e.g. satellite-enabled distress messaging) into MET safety and emergency response programmes. 7 Contacts Made, Discussions Held and/or Possible External Collaborations to be Developed Capt. Tushar Pradhan – Maritime Union of India (MUI) / International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF) – potential collaboration regarding the human element in maritime safety and the role of MET in addressing seafarer welfare, training standards, and future labour challenges in line with ITF priorities. Mr. Charles McHardy – Deputy Commissioner, Maritime Affairs, Marshall Islands - potential collaboration in research related to LRIT, VDES, and implementation of evolving IMO requirements. M. Maxime Legathe – Maritime Attaché, Permanent Representation of France to the IMO – potential collaboration regarding Areas to Be Avoided and marine environmental protection, and explored possibilities for academic engagement on policy-impact studies and environmental routeing research. Mr. Abdulaziz Alsharidah – Adviser, Ministry of Defence, Saudi Arabia - exchange knowledge on maritime cybersecurity, AIS data integrity, and national defence applications, with interest expressed in linking MET research with technical maritime surveillance systems and policy dialogue. Women’s International Shipping & Trading Association (WISTA) - contact with representatives of WISTA to discuss gender inclusion in maritime education and to explore avenues for integrating diversity-focused training and awareness modules into IAMU member programmes. 42  REPORT NCSR 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 13-22 May 2025 Maritime Research Institute Netherlands (MARIN) - potential collaboration on joint research projects, particularly in the areas of ship routeing, environmental risk modelling, and integration of S-100-based simulation tools into MET platforms. 8 Follow-up 8.1 Share with colleagues Upon returning from the NCSR 12 session, I shared the key outcomes and strategic developments with the university’s top management, including the Rector and Vice-Rector. As Dean of the Faculty of Navigation, I also held targeted discussions with academic staff from the Navigation and Transport Management departments, focusing on the implications for curriculum development, digital navigation (S-100), SAR training, and cybersecurity awareness, to ensure alignment with emerging IMO priorities and IAMU strategic goals. 8.2 Presentation during the International Conference on Maritime Transport and Logistics Trends Following my participation at the NCSR 12 session, I delivered a presentation during the “MariLog Trends Conference” held at Constanta Maritime University, on 29-30 of May 2025. The paper focuses on the strategic implications of IMO’s regulatory developments - particularly in the areas of S-100 digital transition, AIS/LRIT data integrity, and SAR training - for maritime education and training institutions. It will also reflect on IAMU’s role in shaping the future of MET through research, policy engagement, and international collaboration. 43 UNDERSTUDY REPORT ON NCSR MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 26/05/2025 44 UNDERSTUDY REPORT ON NCSR MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 26/05/2025 IAMU Understudy Report Meeting IMO NCSR, 12th Session, London, UK 13-22 May 2025 REPORT by Tanja Brcko Satler 26/05/2025 45  UNDERSTUDY REPORT ON NCSR MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 26/05/2025 1. General impression of the meeting I am very grateful for the opportunity to participate in the 12th session of the IMO Subcommittee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (NCSR 12). This experience has given me a valuable insight into the complex workings of the IMO and its subcommittees. It was particularly interesting to observe how Member States co-operate, negotiate and lobby for regulatory changes that reflect their national interests while striving for global maritime safety and efficiency. My general impression is that the NCSR meetings are very structured and technically demanding. The level of discussions, especially in the working/ experts groups, demonstrates a high degree of precision — not only in terms of the content of the regulations, but also the language used. I witnessed frequent and intense deliberations on seemingly insignificant linguistic decisions (e.g., "shall" vs. "should" or punctuation) that have significant legal implications, especially considering how differently seafarers around the world interpret these texts. The professionalism and expertise of the participants - from engineers and shipping practitioners to legal advisors and linguists - emphasised the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in maritime governance. As a lecturer in maritime affairs, I found this to be a very educational experience that any maritime studies professor would benefit from. 2. Types of activities during the IMO meeting During the session, I participated in several formal and informal activities, including: - Observation of the Expert Group for Routeing measures and ship reporting systems (NCSR 12/3), where I closely followed the discussions on the proposed changes to the ADRIREP system, a matter of direct relevance to my home country Slovenia and the Adriatic region. These discussions provided excellent insights into how regional maritime safety initiatives are being driven forward at a global level. - Observation of Working Group 2 (Electronic Nautical Publications), where I followed the technical and regulatory deliberations on the guidelines for ENP systems, especially those not integrated into ECDIS. - Participated in the IMSO presentation "The future of the GMDSS in a changing satellite communications landscape", which provided a comprehensive overview of the evolution of satellite systems, spectrum pressures and the critical need to maintain the integrity of L- band frequencies for maritime safety services. Other presentations in the main hall included topics such as global IP connectivity for S-100 ECDIS, the impact of the IMO compendium on e-commerce and the VDES demonstration of CIRM/ IALA. Ceremonial events and networking: - Evening Reception hosted by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in honour of Karin Orsel, recipient of the Gender Equality Award. - International Day for Women in Shipping 2025 – Symposium "An Ocean of Opportunities for Women". The programme included discussions on gender equality and leadership in the maritime industry. An accompanying reception provided a valuable opportunity for informal networking and exchange with other delegates and stakeholders. 46  UNDERSTUDY REPORT ON NCSR MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 26/05/2025 These efforts allowed me to gain a wide range of experiences, from technical policy discussions to promoting diversity and inclusion in maritime leadership. 3. Benefits received by IAMU, MET, and research For IAMU and the MET community, the benefits are considerable: - Work on ENPs, GMDSS modernisation and LRIT/GNSS systems provides concrete case studies and evolving standards that can be effectively integrated into MET curricula. This helps to ensure that training remains closely aligned with current IMO priorities. - The meeting emphasised the importance for MET trainers to understand IMO procedures, the nuances of legal language and the logic behind the development of regulations. These competences are crucial for instructors who want to prepare their students not only for operational duties at sea, but also for future involvement in maritime policy and regulation. - Several topics discussed, including the interoperability of safety systems, the role of human factors in digital navigation tools and the practical challenges of implementing new technologies such as S-100 and VDES, offer great potential for applied research and interdisciplinary academic collaboration. 4. Proposals arising from the meeting Based on the information received and discussions observed, the following proposals may be considered: - A useful step would be to integrate more awareness of regulatory processes in MET by introducing activities such as IMO document review and sub-committee simulation. This approach would help students to better understand how maritime policy making works in practise. - It would also be beneficial to encourage greater MET participation in public consultations. Member States and non-governmental organisations could more actively involve MET institutions in providing feedback on draft proposals or technical standards, especially in areas where digital literacy and operational experience overlap. - Another valuable initiative would be the development of case-based teaching material derived from the NCSR's deliberations. For example, the ADRIREP amendment process could serve as the basis for a teaching module that illustrates negotiations in practise, regional coordination and the process of updating international reporting systems. 5. Proposals to improve IAMU’s efficiency as an NGO in consultative status To strengthen the presence and influence of the IAMU within the IMO, I propose several initiatives. One possible initiative would be the establishment of an IAMU Delegates Forum, which would create a formalised network of IAMU representatives attending IMO meetings. Such a network would support more effective institutional knowledge sharing, harmonisation of priority areas and the development of joint statements or expert contributions. The promotion of short-term secondments or internships for MET lecturers and researchers at IMO headquarters would be particularly valuable. These exchanges, organised in cooperation with Member States, would promote mutual understanding and strengthen professional skills. 47  UNDERSTUDY REPORT ON NCSR MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 26/05/2025 Finally, IAMU could take the lead in coordinating the preparation of annual thematic summaries of IMO meetings for maritime education and training stakeholders. These summaries would serve as a useful resource for curriculum developers, policy experts and training providers. 6. Conclusion The NCSR 12 session was a very enriching experience. It deepened my understanding of international maritime regulation, familiarised me with the dynamics of cooperation between Member States and made me aware of the crucial role of precise language and legal nuances in shaping global maritime operations. I strongly believe that more maritime educators should be exposed to these processes in order to bridge the gap between regulatory development and maritime education and training. Thank you for this opportunity 48  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARITIME UNIVERSITIES LIAISON COMMITTEE - REPRESENTATIVE REPORT ON EXTERNAL MEETING - The one hundred tenth session of the Maritime Safety Committee, IMO, London, UK 18 - 27 June 2025 REPORT By Capt. Dmytro Zhukov, NUOMA, Odessa, Ukraine; PhD Associate Professor Zhiwei Zhao, DMU, Dalian, China. 10.07.2025 49  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 1 Introduction The 110th session of the Maritime Safety Committee was held from 18 to 27 May 2025, chaired by Mrs. Mayte Medina (United States). The Vice-Chair of the Committee, Mr. Theofilos Mozas (Greece), was also present. The session was attended by Members and Associate Members; representatives from the United Nations Programmes, specialized agencies and other entities; observers from intergovernmental organizations with agreements of cooperation; and observers from non-governmental organizations in consultative status, as listed in document MSC 110/INF.1. The Committee noted that the plenary sessions would be conducted in-person, supplemented by hybrid meeting capabilities. International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU) was presented by: - Capt. Dmytro Zhukov, Representative of IAMU Liaison Committee, NUOMA; - PhD Associate Professor Zhiwei Zhao, Representative of IAMU Liaison Committee, DMU. Opening address of the Secretary-General Mr. Arsenio Dominguez On the first day of the session, IMO Secretary General Arsenio Dominguez delivered a welcome speech. Given the increasing number of recent incidents, he urged all Member States and the maritime industry to: • improve compliance with IMO international standards; • exercise enhanced vigilance and navigational safety; • ensure emergency preparedness and rapid response capabilities; and • strengthen cooperation and information sharing to safeguard seafarers, vessels, and marine environment. The Secretary General also drew attention to the problems of piracy, armed robbery at sea, organized crime such as smuggling of weapons, drugs and people. He noted further development of a non-mandatory MASS Code and continue developing the assessment of identified alternative fuels and technologies, examining safety obstacles and gaps in the current IMO instruments, in order to provide clear instructions to relevant sub-committees to prepare new instruments or amend existing ones in support of the safe delivery of IMO’s GHG reduction strategy. MSC 110 have to consider the next steps on the development of cybersecurity standards for ships and port facilities to address the security challenges due to increasing maritime sector digitalization and the ongoing comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code. He pointed out that, this year’s World Maritime theme: “My Harassment-Free ship”. The Secretary-General welcomed participants and delivered his opening address, the full text of which can be downloaded from the IMO website at the following link: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/SecretaryGeneral/Pages/MSC-110-Opening-remarks.aspx 2 Meeting Agenda for the 110th session of the Maritime Safety Committee During the IMO MSC 110, the following issues were considered: Opening of the session 1. Adoption of the agenda; report on credentials; 2. Decisions of other IMO bodies; 3. Amendments to mandatory instruments; 50  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 4. Goal-based new ship construction standards; 5. Development of a goal-based instrument for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS); 6. Development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels; 7. Revision of the Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management (MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2) and identification of next steps to enhance maritime cybersecurity; 8. Measures to enhance maritime security; 9. Piracy and armed robbery against ships; 10. Unsafe mixed migration by sea; 11. Ship design and construction (Report of the eleventh session of the Sub-Committee); 12. Pollution Prevention and Response (Report of the twelfth session of the (Sub-Committee); 13. Human element, training and watchkeeping (Report of the eleventh session of the Sub- Committee); 14. Ship systems and equipment (Report of the eleventh session of the Sub-Committee); 15. Navigation, communications and search and rescue (Urgent matters emanating from the twelfth session of the Sub-Committee); 16. Carriage of cargoes and containers (Report of the tenth session of the Sub-Committee); 17. Application of the Committee's method of work; 18. Work programme; 19. Election of Chair and Vice-Chair for 2026; 20. Any other business; 21. Consideration of the report of the Committee on its 110th session. 19 17 15 13 11 Agenda items 9 7 5 3 1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Number of documents Figure1. Ratio between agenda items and number of documents, MSC 110 51  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 153 documents, 11 working papers, 14 J-papers were submitted for a Meeting. Ratio between agenda items and number of documents of MSC 110 is presented on Figure 1(In accordance with Annex 1 for this Report). The most relevant topics for IAMU activity were the following: 4. Goal-based new ship construction standards; 5. Development of a goal-based instrument for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS); 6. Development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels; 7. Revision of the Guidelines on maritime cyber risk management (MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2) and identification of next steps to enhance maritime cybersecurity; 8. Measures to enhance maritime security; 9. Piracy and armed robbery against ships; 10. Unsafe mixed migration by sea; 13. Human element, training and watchkeeping (Report of the eleventh session of the Sub- Committee); II. Previous Sub-Committees sessions reports: 12. Navigation, communications and search and rescue (Report of the tenth session of the Sub- Committee) 13. Implementation of IMO instruments (Report of the ninth session of the Sub-Committee) 14. Carriage of cargoes and containers (Report of the ninth session of the Sub-Committee) 15. Ship design and construction (Report of the tenth session of the Sub-Committee) 16. Human element, training and watchkeeping (Report of the tenth session of the Sub- Committee) 3 Documents Submitted/Interventions Made by IAMU No document 4 Summary of Meeting Outcomes The main outcomes of MSC 110 session are as follows: 1. INTRODUCTION – ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA The 110th session of the Maritime Safety Committee was held from 18 to 27 June 2025, chaired by Mrs. Mayte Medina (United States). The Vice-Chair of the Committee, Mr. Theofilos Mozas (Greece), was also present. The session was attended by Members and Associate Members; representatives from the United Nations Programmes, specialized agencies and other entities; observers from intergovernmental organizations with agreements of cooperation; and observers from non-governmental organizations in consultative status, as listed in document MSC 110/INF.1. Use of hybrid meeting capabilities The Committee noted that the plenary sessions would be conducted in person, supplemented by hybrid meeting capabilities, taking into account the relevant decisions of C 133 (C 133/D, paragraph 3.8). In this regard, the Committee agreed that, as per the current rules of procedure 52  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 of the Committee and the Interim guidance to facilitate remote sessions of the Committees during the COVID-19 pandemic (MSC-LEG-MEPC-TCC-FAL.1/Circ.1), a Member State would be considered "present" for the purposes of rule of procedure 28(1) if they were either physically present in the Main Hall, or were registered and participating remotely online using the hybrid system. Opening address of the Secretary-General The Secretary-General welcomed participants and delivered his opening address, the full text of which can be downloaded from the IMO website at the following link: https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/SecretaryGeneral/Pages/Secretary- GeneralsSpeechesToMeetings.aspx Adoption of the agenda and related matters The Committee adopted the agenda (MSC 110/1) and agreed to be guided in its work, in general, by the annotations contained in document MSC 110/1/1 and by the provisional timetable (MSC 110/1/1, annex, as amended). Credentials The Committee noted that the credentials of [110] delegations attending the session were in due and proper form. Statements There were presented Statements from the following delegations: - the delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran strongly condemned the aggression of Israel, initiated on 13 June 2025; - the delegation of India concerning the four recent incidents within three weeks of container vessels in SAR waters under the responsibility of India; - the delegations of Antigua and Barbuda and Liberia regarding the collision without casualties of two tanker ships on 17 June 2025. 2. DECISIONS OF OTHER IMO BODIES The Committee, having agreed that the outcome of other committees would be further considered, as appropriate, under the respective agenda items of this session, considered the relevant decisions of FAL 49 and LEG 112 (document MSC 110/2/Rev.1), MEPC 83 (document MSC 110/2/1) and TC 75, as described hereunder. Outcome of FAL 49 IMO strategy on maritime digitalization and the draft work plan for its development; Guidelines for the use of electronic certificates; Revised guidelines for the prevention and suppression of the smuggling of drugs, psychotropic substances and precursor chemicals on ships engaged in international maritime traffic (resolutions FAL.9(34) and MSC.228(82)). Outcome of LEG 112 Inclusion of an additional operative paragraph in resolution A.1192(33) concerning dark fleet operations; 53  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Reporting requirements in the case of loss or observation of freight container(s); Matters raised related to fraudulent registration and fraudulent registries. Outcome of MEPC 83 The Committee noted that MEPC 83 had concurrently decided, as invited by MSC 109. Outcome of TC 75 The Committee was informed on the outcome of TC 75, which was held from 6 to 10 June 2025, which considered matters related to the Committee (document MSC 109/22, paragraph 22.9)and took action accordingly. In particular, TC 75had approved the ITCP forthe 2026-2027 biennium, including the thematic priorities. Statements Under the general statements, further to the instructions fromthe Chairthe delegation of the Russian Federation requested that the Secretariat reflect their statementmade underagenda item 2 under the reportofagenda item8 (paragraph 8.7). 3. AMENDMENTS TO MANDATORY INSTRUMENTS General Contracting Governments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention were invited to consider and adopt proposed amendments to: .1 SOLAS chapters II-1, II-2 and V, in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the Convention; 2.the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft, 1994 (1994 HSC Code), in accordance with the provisions of article VIII and regulation X/1.1 of the Convention; .3 the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft, 2000 (2000 HSC Code), in accordance with the provisions of article VIII and regulation X/1.2 of the Convention; .4 the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk (IGC Code), in accordance with the provisions of article VIII and regulation VII/11.1 of the Convention; and .5 the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, in accordance with the provisions of article VIII and regulation VI/1-1.1 of the Convention. Proposed amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention (expanded Committee under SOLAS article VIII) Draft amendments to SOLAS chapter II-1 Date of entry into force of the proposed amendments - on 1 July 2028. Draft amendments to SOLAS chapters II-2 and V Date of entry into force of the proposed amendments - The Committee agreed that the aforementioned draft amendments proposed for adoption at this session should be deemed to have been accepted on 1 July 2027 and enter into force on 1 January 2028, in accordance with the Guidance on entry into force of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention and related mandatory instruments (MSC.1/Circ.1481). Proposed amendments to the 1994 and 2000 HSC Codes, the IGC Code and the IMSBC Code; and MSC resolution on performance standards for pilot transfer arrangements, mandatory under the 1974 SOLAS Convention (expanded Committee under SOLAS article VIII) 54  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Draft amendments to the 1994 and 2000 HSC Codes Date of entry into force of the proposed amendments The Committee agreed that the aforementioned draft amendments proposed for adoption at this session should be deemed to have been accepted on 1 July 2027 and enter into force on 1 January 2028, in accordance with the Guidance on entry into force of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention and related mandatory instruments (MSC.1/Circ.1481). Draft amendments to the IGC Code Date of entry into force of the proposed amendments - on 1 July 2028. Draft amendments to the IMSBC Code Date of entry into force of the proposed amendments - The Committee agreed that the draft amendments, proposed for adoption at this session, should be deemed to have been accepted on 1 July 2026 and shall enter into force on 1 January 2027, and that Contracting Governments to the SOLAS Convention could apply the amendments from 1 January 2026 on a voluntary basis. Draft MSC resolution on performance standards for pilot transfer arrangements Effective date of the proposed performance standards - on 1 January 2028 Non-mandatory instruments Draft amendments to the 2008 SPS Code Draft amendments to the Code of Safety for Fishermen and Fishing Vessels, 2005 Associated draft MSC circulars Consequential update of the footnotes in SOLAS Proposal for the drafting of application dates of mandatory instruments Assessment of capacity-building and technical cooperation and assistance implications of the draft amendments to mandatory instruments Establishment of the Drafting Group, Committee established the Drafting Group on Amendments to Mandatory Instruments Report of the Drafting Group Having considered the report of the Drafting Group (MSC 110/WP.7), the Committee approved it in general and took action as outlined below: Adoption of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention Adoption of amendments to relevant instruments mandatory under the 1974 SOLAS Convention Amendments to the 1994 and 2000 HSC Codes Amendments to the IMSBC Code Adoption of the MSC resolution on performance standards for pilot transfer arrangements Adoption/approval of amendments to non-mandatory instruments Draft amendments to the IGC Code Draft amendments to SOLAS chapter II-1 and the IGF Code Assessment of capacity-building implications Draft amendments to the LSA Code Authorization of the Secretariat 4. GOAL-BASED NEW SHIP CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS Current status of GBS verification audits and the GBS Trust Fund The Committee considered document MSC 110/4 (Secretariat), providing an updated report on: 55  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 .1 the current status of Goal-based standards (GBS) verification audits and the GBS Trust Fund, including information on the completion of the combined GBS audit, including initial verification of Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) and audit of IACS Rec.34 on Standard Wave Data; .2 the start of the fourth GBS maintenance audit; .3 preparation for rectification of BKI non-conformities; and .4 convening of the third GBS Workshop. Pool of GBS Auditors 4.6 The Committee, having recalled that MSC 109 had invited interested Member States to nominate GBS experts, with a view to reinforcing the existing pool of GBS auditors, noted that a single nomination had been received by the Secretariat since the above-mentioned invitation. 5. DEVELOPMENT OF A GOAL-BASED INSTRUMENT FOR MARITIME AUTONOMOUS SURFACE SHIPS (MASS) Background Correspondence Group report and associated documents Alert management framework in the MASS Code Basic concept for further developing the MASS Code The Committee considered the relevant part of document MSC 110/5/13 (Japan), on the distinction between the concepts of Operational Envelope (OE) and Operational Design Domain (ODD), as well as between the concepts of "fallback state" and "degraded state", for further development of the MASS Code. Following consideration, the Committee instructed the MASS Working Group to consider further document MSC 110/5/13. Definition of "override" Chapter 16 (Maintenance and repair) Chapter 8 (Operational context) Supervisory control Cybersecurity Chapter 15 (Human element) MASS issues related to the STCW Convention Remote operator training, certification and watchkeeping standards Interim certification Additional modifications to chapters 9 and 15 of the draft MASS Code Data logging Other documents related to the draft MASS Code Review of chapters of part 3 of the draft MASS Code Connectivity, radiocommunications and remote operations Chapter 22 (Special measures to enhance maritime security) Framework for the Concept of Operations Chapter 24 (Cargo handling) Chapter 19 (Structure, subdivision, stability and watertight integrity) Remaining documents from MSC 109 Operational matters Issues concerning remote operations centres Automatic tugs in port areas and their interaction with MASS MASS trials with a sole look-out in periods of darkness 56  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Framework for an experience-building phase for MASS Outcome of MASS trials in the Russian Federation Establishment of the MASS Working Group Report of the MASS Working Group Having considered the report of the MASS Working Group (MSC 110/WP.8), the Committee approved it in general and took action as described hereunder. IAMU Representative PhD Associate Professor Zhiwei Zhao have participate as a member of MASS Working Group, her Report added to this document. See Annex 3 to this Report. 6. DEVELOPMENT OF A SAFETY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK TO SUPPORT THE REDUCTION OF GHG EMISSIONS FROM SHIPS USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS Background The Committee recalled that MSC 108 and MSC 109 had established the Correspondence Group on Development of a Safety Regulatory Framework and Working Group. Groups was instructed to provide an interim oral report on the status of its work to MSC 109, and to submit a final written report to MSC 110. REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ESTABLISHED AT MSC 109 (PART 2) Draft criteria for the assignment of work to sub-committees Work plan on GHG safety-related matters REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDENCE GROUP ON GHG SAFETY AND COMMENTING DOCUMENTS Various technologies for GHG emissions reduction Battery energy storage systems (BESS) for ships focused on lithium-ion battery energy storage systems (LIBESS) and supercapacitor energy storage systems (SCESS) Revision of the Interim guidelines for the safety of ships using methyl/ethyl alcohol as fuel (MSC.1/Circ.1621) Ammonia as shipping fuel Onboard carbon capture system (OCCS) Hazard identification (HAZID) study Generic safeguards and recommendations for amine-based OCCS Supercapacitor energy storage technology Safety Management System for ammonia-fuelled ships Training measures for crew of hydrogen ships Alternative fuels on gas carriers and "one ship, one code" policy Revision of the Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships (Nuclear Code) (resolution A.491(XII)) ESTABLISHMENT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON GHG SAFETY REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON GHG SAFETY Having considered the report of the Working Group on GHG Safety (MSC 110/WP.9), the Committee approved it in general and took action as described hereunder: 57  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 MSC.1/Circ.1621 on Interim Guidelines for the safety of ships using methyl/ethyl alcohol as fuel. List of recommendations to address existing barriers and gaps related to alternative fuels and new technologies Assignment to sub-committees Instructions to the Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC) Instructions to the Sub-Committee on Ship Systems and Equipment (SSE) Instructions to the Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC) Information to the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR) Code of safety for nuclear merchant ships Work plan update for the GHG Safety Working Group List of information documents on GHG matters Establishment of a correspondence group 7. REVISION OF THE GUIDELINES ON MARITIME CYBER RISK MANAGEMENT (MSC-FAL.1/CIRC.3/REV.2) AND IDENTIFICATION OF NEXT STEPS TO ENHANCE MARITIME CYBERSECURITY Proposal for next steps to enhance maritime cybersecurity The Committee considered the following documents MSC 110/7 (Canada et al.) and MSC 110/7/2 (United States): .1 MSC 110/7, proposing the development of goal-based Maritime DigitalEcosystem Cybersecurity Standards based on the proposed framework in the annex to the document, and inviting Member States to submit guidance to the Secretariat to support adherence to globally agreed standards; and .2 MSC 110/7/2, proposing an approach to identify the next steps for enhancing maritime cybersecurity, including suggested terms of reference for a working group at MSC 110, as shown in the annex to the document. Establishment of the Working Group on Maritime Security Report of the Working Group 8. MEASURES TO ENHANCE MARITIME SECURITY Updates on developments related to maritime security The Committee considered document MSC 110/8 (Secretariat), reporting on developments related to maritime security since MSC 109, and noted in particular the following: .1 information on the delivery of maritime security-related activities as part of IMO's Integrated Technical Cooperation Programme (ITCP), including regarding two EU-funded port security projects currently being implemented by the Secretariat; .2 agreement by FAL 49 to include API as a new declaration in the FAL Convention, including a transition period to provide flexibility to Member States and industry to adapt their systems, before API declaration replaces the existing Crew List and Passenger List declarations, and to the 58  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 establishment of the Correspondence Group on Amendments to the Annex of the FAL Convention on API and BRI; and .3 ongoing Secretariat support to the UN Global Counter-Terrorism Coordination Compact, including delivery of the maritime and port security elements of the comprehensive visits of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee, and support to UNOCT workshops on vulnerable target protection. In the ensuing discussion, the Committee noted appreciation to the IMO Secretariat for its efforts in supporting Member States in the implementation of IMO maritime security instruments, and thanked all donors for their generous contributions to IMO maritime security capacity-building initiatives and emphasized the importance of ensuring inclusion of all relevant parties; Following the discussion, the Committee encouraged SOLAS Contracting Governments to: .1 review and update the information contained in the Maritime Security Module of GISIS, in particular that related to port facility security plans; .2 consider using the option for electronic transfer of information into and from the Maritime Security Module so as to reduce the administrative burden on the nominated national point(s) of contact; .3 continue to effectively implement IMO security measures, including the provisions of SOLAS chapter XI-2 and the ISPS Code, taking into account new and emerging security threats, and to request IMO's technical assistance, as appropriate; and .4 consider donating to the International Maritime Security Trust (IMST) Fund to support the updates being made by the Secretariat to the global Programme for the Enhancement of Maritime Security, and the continued delivery of global maritime security technical assistance. Promoting the use and expansion of international maritime information-sharing centres Call for funding to sustain YARIS strengthening maritime safety and security in the Gulf of Guinea Report of the Working Group - The Committee approved the report in general. 9. PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS Developments since MSC 109 The Committee considered document MSC 110/9 (Secretariat) reporting on developments concerning piracy and armed robbery against ships since MSC 109, including relevant statistics and updates on the implementation of the Djibouti Code of Conduct (DCoC) and the Yaoundé Code of Conduct (YCoC), and noted in particular: .1 146 incidents of piracy and armed robbery against ships were reported to the Organization as having occurred or been attempted in 2024, constituting a decrease of approximately 3% at the global level compared to 2023. The areas most affected during 2024 were the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (91), Indian Ocean (19) and West Africa (17). The number of incidents in the Gulf of Guinea (West Africa) decreased in 2024 by 5 compared to 2023, constituting a decrease of approximately 23%; .2 in relation to the implementation of the DCoC, the region, with the support of the Secretariat, held a donor meeting at IMO Headquarters in October 2024, renewing commitments from both 59  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 the Organization and Friends of the DCoC to step up efforts in strengthening maritime security in the Western Indian Ocean and the Gulf of Aden; and held the seventh high-level meeting on the implementation of the DCoC/JA in Tanzania in November 2024, which agreed to establish Working Group 3 on Operational Cooperation and Coordination at Sea which aims to harness the capabilities of national, regional, and international naval forces and develop collaborative operational mechanisms to address threats to the safety and security of navigation in the region; .3 in relation to initiatives in the Gulf of Guinea, the Secretariat remains fully engaged in providing assistance to the region including, inter alia, delivery of workshops to assist the development of national maritime security strategies that leverage the support of regional and international partners; enhanced communication at the Multinational Maritime Coordination Centres (MMCCs) in YCoC Zone D and Zone F; and, under the Germany-funded "Boosting African Implementation of the YCoC" (BAY) project, the organization in close collaboration with the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), the Atlantic Centre, and the German Federal Foreign Office, of the international conference "Maritime Security 2024: innovations and partnerships for the future", held in Cabo Verde in October 2024, which brought together key stakeholders to address pressing global and regional maritime security issues; and .4 IMO signed an agreement in December 2024 with the European Union (EU) under which IMO became an implementing partner of the three-year EU-funded (2025-2027) project "Safe Seas for Africa", which aims to enhance maritime security and safety in Africa, particularly in the Gulf of Guinea (€2 million) and the Western Indian Ocean (€1 million), by addressing the root causes of insecurity at sea and strengthening regional cooperation. Nigeria's continued efforts to combat piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf of Guinea Progress report by ReCAAP-ISC 10. UNSAFE MIXED MIGRATION BY SEA MSC-FAL circular on Guidelines concerning the recovery of deceased persons and of death after recovery. After many Member States supported the amendment proposal contained in document MSC 110/10/1, the Committee approved the draft MSC-FAL circular on Guidelines concerning the recovery of deceased persons and of death after recovery, and agreed to forward them to the Facilitation Committee for its concurrent approval. Rescue at sea: A guide to principles and practice in the context of refugees and migrants movements The Committee, having noted that the second version of the leaflet had been produced by UNHCR, IMO and ICS in January 2015, noted the information provided by the Secretariat on the new version of the leaflet finalized by UNHCR, the IMO Secretariat and ICS in 2025, as set out in the annex of document MSC 110/INF.23. 11. SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE) The Committee approved, in general, the report of the eleventh session of the Sub-Committee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC) (SDC 11/17 and Add.1, and MSC 110/11) and took action as indicated. 60  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Emergency towing arrangements on ships other than tankers IP Code and associated guidance - Amendments to the IP Code Interim explanatory notes for the assessment of passenger ship systems' capabilities after a fire or flooding casualty (MSC.1/Circ.1369) Amendments to the 2011 ESP Code - Use of remote inspection techniques (RIT) - Use of portable ladders - Amendments to MSC.1/Circ.1502 Guidelines for construction, installation, maintenance and inspection/survey of means of embarkation and disembarkation (MSC.1/Circ.1331) Steering and propulsion requirements Requirement for setting of guard rails on the deck structure Unified interpretations (UIs) UI of SOLAS regulation II-1/12.6.2 Experience gained in the use of the safeguards Guidelines for use of Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (FRP) within ship structures Review of the 2009 Code on Alerts and Indicators Revised terms of reference of the SDC Sub-Committee Means of escape from spaces below the bulkhead deck 12. POLLUTION PREVENTION AND RESPONSE (REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE) Report of PPR 12 The Committee noted that the Sub-Committee on Pollution Prevention and Response (PPR) had held its twelfth session from 27 to 31 January 2025 and that its report on that session had been circulated as documents PPR 12/16 and PPR 12/16/Add.1. In this context, the Committee also noted that there was no action requested of it emanating from PPR 12 (document MSC 110/12). 13. HUMAN ELEMENT, TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING (REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE) Report of HTW 11 The Committee approved, in general, the report of the eleventh session of the Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW 11/11 and MSC 110/13), and took action as indicated. - Enhancing the application of model courses and improving expert participation; - Revision of the Guidelines for the development, review and validation of model courses; - MASS trials with a sole lookout in periods of darkness; 61  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 - Enhancement of the communication of information provisions related to the oversight and verification processes; - Comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code; - Draft MSC resolution on accessibility of information related to medical provisions in the STCW Convention; - Development of generic interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using alternative fuels and new technologies; - Terms of reference of the Sub-Committee; - Outcome of the Legal Committee on prevention of fraudulent certificates; - Secretary-General's reports pursuant to STCW regulations, Secretary-General's report pursuant to STCW regulation I/8: The Committee considered the reports for Canada, Cyprus, Kenya, Latvia, Liberia, Luxembourg and the United Republic of Tanzania, as set out in document MSC 110/WP.3; confirmed that the information provided demonstrated that these STCW Parties continued to give full and complete effect to the provisions of the STCW Convention; and requested the Secretariat to issue updated information concerning the subsequent reports by means of MSC.1/Circ.1164/Rev.30. In this regard, the Committee encouraged Parties to the STCW Convention to submit their subsequent reports, in accordance with sections A-I/7 and A-I/8 of the STCW Code, through the new GISIS STCW module. - Approval of competent persons; - Development of remote operator training, certification and watchkeeping standards. 14. SHIP SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT (REPORT OF THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE) The Committee approved, in general, the report of the eleventh session of the Sub-Committee on Ship Systems and Equipment (SSE) (MSC 110/14 and SSE 11/20) and took action as indicated below. Ventilation requirements for partially enclosed lifeboats and liferafts; Testing requirements for simulated launch of free-fall lifeboats; Further instructions to the Drafting Group; Report of the Drafting Group; Footnote to SOLAS regulation III/19.3.4.4; Draft amendments to resolution MSC.402 (96); Draft amendments to resolution MSC.81(70;) Consequential amendments to existing circulars; Amendments to SOLAS chapter III and chapter IV of the LSA Code to require the carriage of self-righting or canopied reversible liferafts for new ships; Revised code of practice for atmospheric oil mist detectors; Review and update SOLAS regulation II-2/9 on containment of fire to incorporate existing guidance and clarify requirements; Unified interpretations (UIs) UIs of paragraphs 6.1.1.3 and 6.1.2.2 of the LSA Code Approach to IACS UIs UIs relating to fire-extinguishing media restrictions 62  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 UI of the FSS Code UI of SOLAS regulation II-1/3-13.2.4 Implementation of UI safeguards Revised Model Course 3.05 on Survey of Fire Appliances and Provisions The Committee noted the validation of the revised Model Course 3.05 on Survey of Fire Appliances and Provisions, and the encouragement for active participation of more members in the dedicated Review and Drafting Groups. New energy vehicles The Committee noted the agreement of SSE 11 to regularly update the list of relevant resources on fire risk of ships carrying new energy vehicles, and to forward any pertinent resources to the CCC Sub-Committee, as appropriate. SSE Sub-Committee's workload; Revised terms of reference of the SSE Sub-Committee; Test procedure and acceptance criteria for lifejacket buoyancy test; ISO survival craft equipment standard; Validity of references to EN 54:2001 standards in the FSS Code. 15. NAVIGATION, COMMUNICATIONS AND SEARCH AND RESCUE (URGENT MATTERS EMANATING FROM THE TWELFTH SESSION OF THE SUB- COMMITTEE) Urgent matters emanating from NCSR 12 The Committee considered urgent matters emanating from the twelfth session of the Sub- Committee on Navigation, Communications and Search and Rescue (MSC 110/WP.11) and took action as indicated hereunder. Dissemination of MSI and SAR related information Introduction of the VHF Data Exchange System Information document The Committee noted the information provided in document MSC 110/INF.24 (IALA) concerning the recently updated IALA recommendation R1007 "the VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) for shore infrastructure", edition 2.0. Statements by delegations GMDSS services The delegation of the Russian Federation made a statement, as set out in annex, concerning restrictions imposed by Inmarsat (i.e. an IMO recognized mobile satellite service provider) on ships under the flag of the Russian Federation, as well as ships registered, owned or operated in the Russian Federation, which resulted in the disconnection of over 100 ships from the services of the Inmarsat mobile satellite communication system, being a recognized component of the GMDSS. In view of the risks associated with such actions, the delegation called upon the Committee to take a number of actions as reflected in the statement. Incident with a ship The delegation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands made a statement, as set out in annex, concerning an incident with the containership VEENDIJK that took place on 2 June 2025 near the coast of Libya. 16. CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND CONTAINERS (REPORT OF THE TENTH SESSION OF THE SUB-COMMITTEE) 63  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Report of CCC 10 Having recalled that MSC 109 had considered urgent matters emanating from the tenth session of the Sub-Committee on Carriage of Cargoes and Containers (CCC) (MSC 109/22, section 14), the Committee approved, in general, the report of CCC 10 (CCC 10/16 and MSC 110/16), and took action as indicated below. Draft amendments to the IMSBC Code and associated circulars Revision of resolution A.1050(27) The Committee considered the draft MSC resolution on Revised recommendations for entering enclosed spaces aboard ships, contained in annex 5 of document CCC 10/16. Draft UI of paragraph 5.7.1 of the IGF Code Proposed regulatory solutions for using alternative fuels on gas carriers History of amendments to the IGC Code Intersessional meetings 17. APPLICATION OF THE COMMITTEE'S METHOD OF WORK Rules of Procedure The Committee recalled that: .1 MSC 98 had approved the Rules of Procedure of the Committee, harmonizing it with the rules of the other committees; and .2 MSC 109 had noted that C 133 had approved the draft Rules of Procedure of the Council, including the matter related to hybrid meeting capabilities, and invited the other organs of the Organization to consider the amendments to the Rules of Procedure with a view to harmonizing their respective Rules of Procedure with the rules of the Council to the extent possible; and that the Secretariat would submit a document to each committee containing draft amendments to their respective Rules of Procedure, specifically the changes to voting and hybrid capabilities, for their consideration. The Committee noted also that LEG 112 and MEPC 83 had approved their respective Rules of Procedure, including changes to rule 37, which were identical (i.e. same Rules of Procedure of LEG and MEPC). The Committee, having considered document MSC 110/17 (Secretariat), which contains a proposal for a revision of the Rules of Procedure of the Maritime Safety Committee, approved the revised Rules of Procedure of the Maritime Safety Committee and authorized the Secretariat to effect any editorial changes to the Rules of Procedures, as necessary, to be issued as MSC. Committees' method of work Amendments to the Procedural aspects related to the drafting of amendments to safety- related IMO conventions, other than the 1974 SOLAS Convention, and related mandatory instruments (MSC.1/Circ.1587) 17.9 The Committee noted that, in accordance with the previous decisions and instructions of MSC 108 and MSC 109, the Secretariat had issued MSC.1/Circ.1500/Rev.3 on Guidance on drafting of amendments to the 1974 SOLAS Convention and related mandatory instruments, incorporating amendments related to the assessment of capacity-building implications. 17.10 Consequential with these amendments, the Committee approved the revised Procedural aspects related to the drafting of amendments to safety-related IMO conventions, other than the 1974 SOLAS Convention, and related mandatory instruments, and authorized the Secretariat to make any necessary editorial adjustments, to be issued as MSC.1/Circ.1587/Rev.1. 64  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 18. WORK PROGRAMME ISM CODE-RELATED MATTERS General The Committee recalled that, due to time constraints, MSC 109 had postponed the consideration of issues related to the ISM Code (MSC 109/19/7 and MSC 109/INF.3 (Secretariat)), as well as the related proposal for a new output submitted to MSC 107 (MSC 107/17/5 (Norway)), to this session. Recommendations concerning the ISM Code and related instruments The Committee had for its consideration document MSC 109/19/7 (Secretariat), providing all ISM Code-related matters that needed to be considered at this session, together with document MSC 109/INF.3 (Secretariat), providing the report of the Study on the effectiveness and effective implementation of the ISM Code (the Study thereafter), in order to facilitate and streamline the Committees' proceedings. Comprehensive revision of the guidelines on the implementation of the ISM Code by Administrations and companies Review the PSC guidelines in relation to the ISM Code Review of the ISM Code The Committee considered the recommendation on a review of the ISM Code to identify elements that could be revised to improve its effectiveness and implementation (MSC 109/19/7, paragraph 6.3). Holistic review of instruments dealing with resources and personnel Capacity-building on the effective implementation of the ISM Code and its related instruments Endorsement by MEPC Hours of work and hours of rest Having recalled its earlier decision (see paragraph 18.14.1), the Committee instructed the HTW Sub-Committee to consider the elements raised in document MSC 110/18/21, taking into account document MSC 110/INF.10, under the output on "Scoping exercise and enhancement of the effectiveness of provisions on fatigue and seafarers' hours of work and rest", noting the addressing of an identified gap on hours of rest within the comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code. PROPOSALS FOR NEW OUTPUTS Observations on the initial implementation of the preliminary assessment process by the Group of Chairs Comprehensive analysis of the consistency of the term "bulk carrier" Development of performance standards for Ranging mode (R-mode) in radionavigation receivers Revision of the Casualty Investigation Code Revision of paragraph 2.1.1.1 of chapter 3 of the FSS Code Further review of the Code on Alerts and Indicators to include the consideration of engine control room alert management (ECRAM) Development of guidelines addressing risks of falls from height Amendments to the 1994 and 2000 HSC Codes and 1979,1989 and 2009 MODU Codes to ensure the consistent application of resolution MSC.402(96) Revision of chapter 4 of resolution MSC.81(70) concerning requirements for testing the compliance of pyrotechnics 65  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Revision of paragraph 5.4.3 of the IMDG Code in order to harmonize the required information on board Mitigation of the risks of fires in the engine-room and provisions for use of thermal imaging cameras Develop guidance addressing the implementation of recurrent references to mandatory IMO instruments by Member States Develop guidance addressing the implementation of recurrent references to mandatory IMO instruments by Member States Develop guidelines for survey, operation and management of offshore personnel transfer baskets Better utilization of the Long-Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT) system Revision of the financial architecture of the LRIT system Clarification of escape arrangements from machinery spaces Amendments to section 4.2 of the IMSBC Code regarding the cargo information and sample declaration form to be provided by the shipper Revision of SOLAS regulation II-2/6 to address testing requirements for the floor covering materials Revision of SOLAS regulation II-2/20.6.1.4 and 20.6.1.5, and chapters 6 and 7 of the FSS Code to provide consistency on fixed fire-extinguishing systems Revision of MSC-MEPC.3/Circ.4/Rev.1 on casualty-related matters in the context of reports on marine casualties and incidents Amendments to the SOLAS Convention and revision of the Code of Safety for Nuclear Merchant Ships (resolution A.491 (XII)) Addressing the implementation of provisions left "to the satisfaction of the Administration" Development of amendments to resolutions FAL.13(42) and MSC.448(99) Endorsement of new outputs The Committee invited the Council to endorse the agreed new outputs, in accordance with resolution A.1173(33) on Strategic Plan for the Organization for the six-year period 2024-2029. BIENNIAL AGENDAS OF THE SUB-COMMITTEES AND PROVISIONAL AGENDAS FOR THEIR FORTHCOMING SESSIONS AND INTERSESSIONAL MEETINGS Biennial agenda of the CCC Sub-Committee and provisional agenda for CCC 11 Having recalled that MSC 109 had noted the biennial status report of the Sub-Committee and the provisional agenda for CCC 11, the Committee noted the possible need for extending the target completion year of outputs 7.20 on "Develop measures to prevent the loss of containers at sea"; and 7.40 on "Revision of the Revised guidelines for the preparation of the Cargo Securing Manual (MSC.1/Circ.1353/Rev.2) to include a harmonized performance standard for lashing software to permit lashing software as a supplement to the Cargo Securing Manual", which might be requested at a future session of the Committee. Biennial agenda of the HTW Sub-Committee and provisional agenda for HTW 12 Biennial agenda of the III Sub-Committee and provisional agenda for III 11 Biennial agenda of the NCSR Sub-Committee and provisional agenda for NCSR 13 Status of output 2.18 Biennial agenda of the NCSR Sub-Committee and workload matters Biennial agenda of the SDC Sub-Committee and provisional agenda for SDC 12 Biennial agenda of the SSE Sub-Committee and provisional agenda for SSE 12 Biennial agenda of the PPR Sub-Committee 66  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 Biennial status report of the Committee and work programme for the 2026-2027 biennium Work programme of the Maritime Safety Committee for the 2026-2027 biennium Activities, priorities and plan of meeting weeks of the Committees and their subsidiary bodies for the 2026-2027 biennium Intersessional meetings The Committee approved, subject to endorsement by the Council, the holding of the following intersessional meetings: .1 two intersessional meetings of the E&T Group for the IMSBC Code, one in the spring of 2026 and another one immediately after CCC 12; .2 comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code, to take place immediately after HTW 12 (February 2026); and .3 intersessional Working Group on MASS, from 29 September to 3 October 2025. Having recalled that MSC 107 had approved the holding of annual meetings of the following groups on a continuous basis until decided otherwise (MSC 107/20, paragraph 17.79), the Committee also recalled that (MSC 109/22, paragraph 19.51): .1 the twenty-first meeting of the Joint IMO/ITU Experts Group on Maritime Radiocommunication Matters had been planned from 6 to 10 October 2025, at the IMO Headquarters; and .2 the thirty-second meeting of the ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue had been provisionally planned from 3 to 7 November 2025, in Sydney, Australia. Substantive items for inclusion in the agendas for MSC 111 and MSC 112 Having considered the proposals in document MSC 110/WP.6 and taking into account the decisions made during the session, the Committee agreed to the substantive items to be included in the agendas of its MSC 111 and MSC 112 sessions, as set out in annex Establishment of working and drafting groups at MSC 111 The Committee agreed that, based on the decisions taken under various agenda items, working and drafting groups on the following subjects might be established at MSC 111: .1 Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS); .2 Regulatory framework for safety of alternative fuels and new technologies; .3 Long-range identification and tracking of ships; and .4 Amendments to mandatory instruments. Duration and dates of the next two sessions The Committee noted that MSC 111 and MSC 112 had been tentatively scheduled to take place from 13 to 22 May 2026 and from 30 November to 4 December 2026, respectively. 19. ELECTION OF CHAIR AND VICE-CHAIR FOR 2026 The Committee unanimously elected Mr. Theofilos Mozas (Greece) as Chair and as Vice-Chair, both, for 2026. Expression of appreciation 67  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 The Committee expressed sincere thanks and appreciation to Ms. Mayte Medina (United States) for her excellent services to the Committee during the last five years when she served as the Chair of the Committee. 20. ANY OTHER BUSINESS Adoption of human-centred design principles The Committee considered document MSC 110/20 (Denmark and United Kingdom), providing information on the significance of human centred design (HCD) in maritime safety and regulatory work, and a draft MSC circular providing HCD principles to ensure a common understanding of the principles and the safe, secure, and environmentally sound operation of ships with the HCD principles. Updates on telecommunication submarine cable resilience The Committee considered document MSC 110/20/1 (ITU), providing an update on the ITU initiatives related to telecommunication submarine cable resilience, including the establishment of an International Advisory Body on Submarine Cable Resilience. Guidelines for the seaworthiness and safety inspection of small fishing vessels The Committee considered documents MSC 110/20/2 and MSC 110/INF.4 (FAO and IMO Secretariats), providing background and justification for the preparation of the FAO/IMO Guidelines for the seaworthiness and safety inspection of small fishing vessels. Thematic priorities for the ITCP of the Organization for the 2026-2027 biennium The Committee considered document MSC 110/20/3 (Secretariat), providing an update on the thematic priorities for the Integrated Technical Cooperation Programme (ITCP) of the Organization for the 2026-2027 biennium. Safety of the nuclear-powered merchant vessels and floating nuclear power plants The Committee considered document MSC 110/20/4 (Russian Federation), providing information on the experience of the Russian Federation in regulating the safety of nuclear-powered merchant vessels (including nuclear icebreakers) and floating nuclear power plants (FNPP), with a proposal to review the previously developed provisions, i.e. 1962 International Convention on Liability of Operators for Nuclear Ships; and Safety Consideration in the Use of Ports and Approaches by Nuclear Merchant Ships No.27, 1968; and to initiate a joint expert-level cooperation between IMO and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Matters related to IQARB and IMO/IACS cooperation Development of IQARB The Committee recalled that MSC 109, having noted information on the developments at IQARB's sixth meeting provided in document MSC 109/21/4 (Secretariat), requested the Secretariat to continue keeping it regularly updated on any developments during the trial phase. IMO/IACS cooperation on the IACS Quality System Certification Scheme (QSCS) Mater related to the IMO/ILO/UNECE Code of Practice for Packing of Cargo Transport Units (2014 CTU Code) Implementation of the Polar Code Second update on the safety level of bulk carriers Adriatic regional search and rescue technical agreement Matters related to the best practice industry publications released in 2024/2025 Statements: - The delegation of the Cook Islands stated, with regard to document C/134/13/1 (Egypt, et al.), and in particular with reference to the proposal to establish a sub-committee on GHG 68  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 reduction, that it was important to emphasize that any steps to enhance GHG reduction must consider safety aspects, particularly those linked to alternative fuels and technologies, which the Maritime Safety Committee had already been carrying out substantive work through its working groups and subsidiary bodies. - The delegation of the Islamic Republic of Iran informed the Committee of the terrible tragedy for the maritime community of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a result of the brutal and unlawful military aggression carried out by the Israeli regime that had occasioned the death of Mr. Hamed Saber, who had served in the Seafarers Affairs division of Iran's Ports and Maritime Organization, and his entire family. - The Committee noted statements made by the observers of ICS and ITF, in relation to the unfair treatment of Captain Vitaly Tyutkalo, the master of MV X-Press Pearl, a ship that sank off the coast of Sri Lanka in 2021 following a fire on board that arose from a leak from a container stowed on deck. - The delegation of Iceland, having recalled that fishing was one of the most dangerous occupations in the world, that the fatality rate related to fishing vessels was much higher than for the world merchant fleet, and that there were four key international instruments on safety of fishing: Cape Town Agreement, STCW-F Convention, ILO Work in Fishing Convention (No.188) and FAO Agreement on Port State Measures (PSMA), expressed appreciation to the IMO Secretariat for organizing many global, regional and national events to assist Member States in the implementation and ratification of the Cape Town Agreement, promoting its entry into force; and urged Member States to ratify the Cape Town Agreement as soon as possible. 5 Key Issues Related to IAMU Basic Agreement and Statements (IAMU BA and S) In accordance the decision MSC 110 the follows themes may be recommended as key issues related to IAMU BA and S Key Issue 1. Development of a goal-based instrument for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) Key Issue 2. Development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels Key Issue 3. Revision of the Guidelines on Maritime Cyber Risk Management (MSC- FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2) and identification of next steps to enhance maritime cybersecurity Key Issue 4. Comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code Key Issue 5. Revision of ISM rules including fatigue management and work time recording 6 Strategic Recommendations and Follow-up Actions for IEB Attention Based on the outcomes of MSC 110 and their alignment with the IAMU Basic Agreement, the following strategic recommendations and follow-up actions are proposed to enhance IAMU’s role in global maritime capacity building. 6.1 For Policy - the regulatory scoping exercise for the use of MASS; - development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels; - Maritime security remains; 69  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 - enhance IAMU Liaison Committee engagement into IMO affairs – increase participation in IMO working groups (e.g., MASS, GHG, Cybersecurity) to provide academic insights. 6.2 For Research and Development .1 goal-based standards; .2 maritime autonomous surface ships; .3 maritime security (including Ciber Security); .4 consideration and adoption of amendments to mandatory instruments. Note: In accordance with the IAMU BA and S Articles III (Missions) and IV (Activities) IAMU have to participate in WG Maritime autonomous surface ships and WG Maritime security Following the above mentioned next three themes should be priority themes for IAMU Research and Development project: 1. maritime autonomous surface ships; − maritime security (including Ciber Security); − the reduction of GHG emissions from ships using new technologies and alternative fuels. Proposal (a): Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) Operations and Human Factors Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Human-Machine Interface design for remote operators - Risk assessment frameworks for MASS in mixed-traffic environments - Legal and liability implications of autonomous shipping - Crew training requirements, including fatigue mitigation training, for MASS Goals: - Develop standardized MASS operational guidelines for training and certification. - Provide policy recommendations to IMO on human element considerations in MASS Code development. - Enhance simulator-based training programs for remote operator proficiency. Proposal (b): Cybersecurity in Maritime Digitalization Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Cyber risk management frameworks aligned with MSC-FAL.1/Circ.3/Rev.2 - AI-driven anomaly detection in maritime networks - Crew awareness training on phishing and ransomware threats Goals: - Produce cybersecurity guidelines for MET institutions to integrate into curricula. - Support IMO’s development of mandatory cyber risk management standards. - Enhance maritime cyber resilience through industry-academia collaboration. Proposal (c): Safety of Alternative Fuels Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: - Bunkering procedures and safety protocols for ammonia/hydrogen - Fire suppression and leak detection systems for alternative fuel ships - Health risks and crew protection measures for ammonia exposure - Comparative lifecycle analysis of alternative fuels Goals: 70  REPORT ON 110 MSC MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 18-27 June 2025 - Establish best practices for alternative fuel handling in maritime education. - Contribute to IMO regulatory updates on fuel safety (e.g., IGF Code amendments). - Develop emergency response training modules for crews on alternative-fuelled vessels. 6.3 For Education and Training Education/training recommendation 1: update current curricula based on MSC 110 outcomes. Introduce new courses/modules on autonomous ship operations and remote control, alternative fuel safety and bunkering procedures, maritime cybersecurity and risk management. Education/training recommendation 2: expand simulator-based and remote training. Enhance MASS operator training programs using simulators and virtual reality. Education/training recommendation 3: strengthen instructor competency and promote seafarer upskilling. Conduct faculty development workshops on emerging topics and partner with shipping companies to offer short courses for working mariners on new technologies. 7. Contacts Made, Discussions Held and/or Possible External Collaborations to be Developed o NI; o ITF; o GloMET o Delegation of Mexico; o Delegation of Equador. 10.07.2025 71 REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 72 REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 - REPRESENTATIVE REPORT ON EXTERNAL MEETING - IMO HTW, 12th Session, London, UK 23 to 27 February 2026 REPORT By Dr. George Gebedava Dr. Radu Hanzu-Pazara 23 March 2026 73  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 1 Introduction This report provides a summary of the participation in the twelfth session of the Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW 12), held at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Headquarters in London, United Kingdom, from 23 to 27 February 2026. The session was formally opened with remarks by the IMO Secretary-General, emphasizing the importance of addressing emerging challenges in maritime training, safety, and the human element in the context of ongoing industry transformation. It was mentioned that “with phase 1 now completed and more than 400 gaps identified, the Sub-Committee enters the critical phase of revision. The submission of over 160 documents for this session, represented an unprecedented level of engagement, reflecting the strong commitment of Member States and international organizations to ensuring that seafarers are equipped to meet the challenges arising from technological innovation, the energy transition and the growing recognition of their well-being.” The session brought together representatives of IMO Member States, international organizations, and maritime education and training institutions to discuss key developments related to maritime human resources, training standards, and regulatory frameworks. The meeting focused on critical issues including the comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code, validation of model training courses, the role of the human element in maritime safety, prevention of fraudulent certification practices, and the enhancement of seafarers’ working and rest conditions. The session was attended by approximately 600 delegates, representing 100 Member Governments, two Associate Members of IMO, one representative from the United Nation and Specialized Agencies (WMO), 4 Inter-Governmental Organizations, 30 Non-Governmental Organizations, 2 IMO Training Institute (WMU, IMLI), 1 Invited Expert, Chair of Council and Chairs of FAL and MSC Committees. Particular attention was also given to emerging challenges in the maritime sector, such as the integration of new technologies and alternative fuels, as well as their implications for training, safety, and regulatory compliance. The participation of IAMU representatives and delegates (Dr. George Gebedava; Ms. Tran Thi Anh Tho; Dr. Radu Hanzu-Pazara; Dr. Captain Yusuke Mori) contributed to strengthening engagement with international maritime regulatory developments and provided valuable insights for aligning academic programmes and training practices with evolving global standards. 2 Meeting Agenda The agenda of the twelfth session of the Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW 12) covered a wide range of strategic and technical issues related to maritime education, training, and regulatory development. The session commenced with the opening remarks and adoption of the agenda, followed by a review of decisions made by other IMO bodies relevant to the Sub-Committee’s work. Key agenda items included the validation of model training courses and discussions on the role of the human element in ensuring maritime safety. The Sub-Committee also addressed reports concerning unlawful practices associated with certificates of competency, highlighting the importance of maintaining integrity and transparency within certification systems. 74  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 A central focus of the session was the comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code, aiming to ensure their continued relevance in the context of evolving maritime technologies and operational practices. Additionally, the agenda included the development of a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships, particularly in relation to the use of new technologies and alternative fuels. Further discussions addressed the scoping exercise and enhancement of provisions related to seafarers’ fatigue, including working and rest hours, recognizing their critical impact on safety and wellbeing. The following working and drafting groups were established at the session in accordance with agenda: • WG1 - Working Group on the Comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code; • WG2 – Working Group on the STCW oversight and verification processes; • WG3 - Working Group on the Development of training provisions for seafarers on ships using alternative fuels and technologies; • DG - Drafting Group on Scoping exercise of fatigue-related provisions; The session also considered the biennial status report, the provisional agenda for the next session (HTW 13), and administrative matters such as the election of Chair and Vice-Chair for 2027. The meeting concluded with other business items and the preparation of the report to the Maritime Safety Committee. Number of documents 9–12 Administrative items 5 Decisions of other IMO bodies 5 2 Human element (general) 7 4 Fraudulent certificates 8 5 Model training courses 10 3 Fatigue & hours of work/rest 15 8 Alternative fuels & new technologies 30 7 STCW Comprehensive Review 80 6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 The high level of engagement at HTW 12 was reflected in the submission of more than 160 documents by Member States and international organizations. The majority of submissions were concentrated under agenda item 6 (comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code), highlighting the significance and complexity of this ongoing process. 75  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 The most relevant topics for IAMU activities discussed during HTW 12 included: • Comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code; • Development of training provisions for seafarers on ships using alternative fuels and new technologies; • Increasing role of simulator training and its potential use as a partial substitute for seagoing service; • Human element issues, including fatigue, mental health, and prevention of harassment and bullying; • Emerging competency requirements, including cybersecurity and digital skills; • Validation and revision of IMO model training courses; • Prevention of fraudulent certificates and digitalization of certification systems; • Integration of environmental protection aspects, including ballast water management, into training frameworks. 3 Documents Submitted/Interventions Made by IAMU Under agenda item 6, concerning the comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code, the International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU) submitted an information document (HTW 12/INF.7) presenting the results of a global survey conducted among its member institutions. The document aimed to assess the cumulative impact of ongoing and proposed revisions to the STCW Convention and Code on maritime education and training (MET) institutions. The survey gathered 189 responses from 45 universities across 33 countries, ensuring broad geographical representation. The findings demonstrated strong support for the modernization of the STCW framework to reflect technological advancements and evolving industry requirements. However, significant concerns were raised regarding the cumulative burden of implementing multiple simultaneous amendments. Key challenges identified by MET institutions included: • Limited capacity within existing academic programmes to accommodate additional competencies; • Insufficient teaching staff and infrastructure; • Financial constraints associated with programme expansion and modernization; • Increased total programme hours as a primary impact of introducing new competencies. Notably, approximately 67% of respondents indicated that incorporating new competencies into existing curricula would be difficult, primarily due to time limitations within academic programmes. Furthermore, the survey revealed that IMO Model Courses are frequently applied by national administrations in a prescriptive manner, rather than as guidance, potentially limiting institutional flexibility and innovation. The IAMU submission highlighted the need for a balanced and coordinated approach to the revision of the STCW instruments, taking into account the practical capacity and sustainability of MET institutions worldwide. The Sub-Committee was invited to take note of the information provided in the document. During the Working Group discussions, IAMU delegations actively contributed by providing academic and practical perspectives on the implementation of proposed STCW amendments. The delegation emphasized the challenges faced by maritime education and training (MET) institutions 76  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 in accommodating new competencies within existing curricula. IAMU representatives highlighted the importance of ensuring that regulatory developments remain feasible, flexible, and aligned with the capacity of MET institutions worldwide. Contributions were also made regarding the role of simulator training, the integration of emerging technologies, and the need for balanced approaches to curriculum development. The delegation supported evidence-based decision-making and encouraged closer cooperation between regulators, academia, and industry. 4 Summary of Meeting Outcomes The twelfth session of the Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW 12) resulted in substantive progress across several key areas related to maritime education, training, and regulatory development. A central outcome of the session was the continued advancement of the comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code. Discussions highlighted the necessity of modernizing competency requirements. Particular emphasis was placed on technological developments, including digitalization, automation, and the introduction of alternative fuels. At the same time, Member States and stakeholders emphasized the importance of ensuring that any revisions remain practical and implementable for maritime education and training (MET) institutions. The Sub-Committee took note of the concerns raised by stakeholders, including IAMU, regarding the cumulative impact of multiple amendments. There was a general recognition that while individual updates may be justified, their combined effect could place significant strain on MET systems, particularly in terms of curriculum time, staffing, and infrastructure requirements. In parallel, discussions also addressed the enhancement of STCW Oversight And Verification Processes, including the potential integration with the IMO Member State Audit Scheme (IMSAS), with the aim of strengthening compliance mechanisms and ensuring more robust and consistent implementation of the Convention by Member States. HTW 12 agreed that the consolidated process developed by the correspondence group (CG) would form the basis for further development. Simulator Training as a Substitute for Seagoing Service - In this context, additional discussions addressed the increasing role of simulator-based training within the STCW framework. It was agreed that simulator training could be used, under specific conditions, as a partial substitute for seagoing service, while maintaining minimum onboard experience requirements. This reflects the growing importance of advanced simulation technologies in modern maritime education and training. The Working Group (WG) considered gaps related to the use of simulator training to meet part of the required seagoing service and agreed on a set of guiding principles for further development. It concluded that simulator training could be used as an optional means to partially substitute seagoing service for deck, engine and electro-technical officers under regulations II/1, III/1 and III/6, applicable to both the 12-month approved training programme route and the 36- month service route outside such programmes. The possible reduction of required seagoing service would be limited to up to three months, while certain minimum practical experience requirements would remain mandatory, including the six months of supervised bridge or engine-room watchkeeping and the six months of seagoing service required within electro-technical officer training programmes. ISWG-STCW 2 also agreed that criteria for simulator training, including instructor qualifications and possible credit ratios between simulator training and seagoing service, should be addressed through amendments to chapter I of the STCW Convention and Code. 77  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 Senior Electro Technical Officer – The Committee considered proposals to establish a new regulation and section in chapter III of the STCW Convention and Code for a Senior Electro- Technical Officer (SETO). During the discussion, it was noted that recognition of such a position is generally left to the company’s discretion, and that during the development of the 2010 Manila amendments, it had already been agreed that no SETO level should be created. ISWG-STCW 2 therefore agreed not to proceed with the proposed amendments to establish a new regulation and section for this capacity. Progress was also made in the validation and updating of IMO model training courses, with an emphasis on maintaining their relevance to current industry practices. Discussions reiterated that model courses should serve as guidance rather than prescriptive standards, although it was acknowledged that their application varies across national administrations. The Sub-Committee also validated several updated IMO model training courses, reinforcing the need to maintain alignment between training standards and evolving operational requirements. The issue of unlawful practices associated with certificates of competency was addressed, with Member States reaffirming the importance of strengthening verification processes and enhancing international cooperation to combat fraudulent certification. This also includes ongoing efforts towards the digitalization of certification systems and the increased use of platforms such as GISIS to enhance transparency, improve verification processes, and facilitate more effective information sharing among Member States. Violence And Harassment, Including Sexual Harassment, Bullying And Sexual Assault - Another key area of discussion concerned Violence And Harassment, Including Sexual Harassment, Bullying And Sexual Assault. Proposals related to violence and harassment, including sexual harassment, bullying, and psychological safety, were considered. The discussions emphasized the need to strengthen training requirements at both operational and management levels, reflecting the growing importance of mental health, well-being, and inclusive working environments in the maritime sector. Mental Health, Psychological Safety, And Gender And Cultural Diversity – the sub-committee considered proposals related to violence and harassment, including sexual harassment, bullying and sexual assault, and agreed that the proposal to nominate a support contact ashore should be addressed under section B-I/6 (guidance regarding training and assessment) rather than through amendments to sections A-II/1 and A-III/1, and invited interested Member States and organizations to submit proposals to HTW 13 accordingly. ISWG-STCW 2 also agreed to avoid duplication of provisions in table A-VI/1-4, to develop new KUPs within existing competences, and that additional training should apply to both management and operational levels. It further noted that basic training in section A-VI/1.2 already contained relevant provisions applicable to support level seafarers, therefore additional KUPs or amendments for the support level were not necessary, while observers noted that the provision only applies to seafarers assigned designated safety or pollution-prevention duties. In addition, the Sub-Committee advanced discussions on developing a safety regulatory framework to support the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships. Particular attention was given to the implications of new technologies and alternative fuels for seafarer training and safety requirements. Significant progress was achieved in the development of training standards for seafarers working with alternative fuels and new technologies. In particular, draft interim guidelines for the training 78  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 of seafarers using methyl/ethyl alcohols and ammonia as fuel were finalized and are expected to be submitted for approval at MSC 111. These guidelines will support the development of specialized training programmes for seafarers serving on ships using such fuels. Furthermore, discussions addressed emerging competency requirements, including Cybersecurity, where agreement was reached to introduce new competencies at the operational level. This highlights the growing importance of digitalization and cyber risk management in maritime operations and the need to reflect these developments within the STCW framework. considered proposed amendments addressing gaps related to cybersecurity and agreed to develop a new competence to cover this area. It is agreed that the amendments should remain generic, recognizing that detailed cyber risk management on board should continue to be addressed through the ISM Code, and that the new competence should apply only at the operational level. In addition, discussions addressed the integration of environmental protection aspects into training frameworks, including Ballast Water Management. It was agreed to incorporate relevant knowledge and competencies within existing training structures, particularly at the operational and management levels, without introducing overly prescriptive requirements. The committee considered proposed amendments related to ballast water management and agreed to develop new KUPs within existing competences. It is agreed that these should address basic knowledge of the BWM Convention and the impacts of discharging untreated ballast water, without introducing overly prescriptive requirements, noting that detailed knowledge of implementation could be obtained through familiarization with the ship’s Ballast Water Management System (BWMS) and procedures in the approved Ballast Water Management Plan. The amendments were agreed to apply only to the management and operational levels. Furthermore, a structured work plan was established for the continued development of training requirements related to emerging technologies and alternative fuels, including hydrogen, LPG, battery systems, and wind-assisted propulsion. This work plan is expected to guide regulatory and training developments through to 2029. Interim Guidelines On Training For Seafarers On Ships Using Methyl/Ethyl Alcohol As Fuel - HTW 12 developed the draft STCW.7 on interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using methyl/ethyl alcohols as fuel for approval by MSC 111. The Guidelines introduce a structured two- level training model: 1) Basic training for personnel with designated safety duties related to fuel systems; 2) Advanced training for masters, engineer officers and personnel with immediate responsibility for fuel and fuel systems. Training should address: Fuel system design and operation; Bunkering procedures and fuel management; Hazard identification and control (flammability, toxicity, electrostatic risks, corrosion); Emergency response, including spill and leak scenarios; Fire-fighting specific to alcohol fuels; Occupational health and safety; and Pollution prevention and regulatory compliance. Documentary evidence of completion should be issued by the Administration. Interim Guidelines On Training For Seafarers On Ships Using Ammonia As Fuel - HTW 12 developed the draft STCW.7 on interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using ammonia as fuel for approval by MSC 111. The Guidelines establish a two-level training structure: 1) Basic training for personnel with designated safety duties related to ammonia fuel systems; 2) Advanced training for masters, engineer officers and personnel with immediate responsibility for fuel and fuel systems. 79  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 Training requirements cover: Ammonia fuel storage arrangements (including atmospheric, pressurized and low-temperature systems); Fuel system design and operation; Bunkering procedures and fuel calculations; Hazard prevention, including toxicity, vapour dispersion, phase change hazards, low temperature and pressure risks, Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE), and electrostatic hazards; Emergency response, including ammonia release scenarios and mitigation systems; Fire-fighting specific to ammonia; Occupational health and safety, including gas detection and personal toxicity monitoring; and Pollution prevention and compliance with relevant IMO instruments. Risk analyses should be incorporated into training, and documentary evidence of completion should be issued by the Administration. HTW 12 discussed whether seafarers serving on IGC Code ships using ammonia cargo as fuel should be excluded from the scope of the draft Interim Guidelines. Concerns were expressed that application to IGC Code ships could result in over-training, given existing cargo training requirements, while other views held that such training does not address the specific engine-room hazards associated with ammonia as a propulsion fuel and that additional training is therefore necessary. HTW 12 agreed to maintain a broad scope of application without explicitly excluding IGC Code ships, noting the non- mandatory nature of the Guidelines and that flag State Administrations may apply alternative arrangements. HTW 12 agreed to consider inviting MSC to determine whether separate training guidelines should be developed for seafarers on IGC Code ships using ammonia cargo as fuel, taking into account that the draft Guidelines were developed on the basis of instruments not applicable to IGC Code ships and the Committee’s ongoing “one ship, one code” policy. It was also emphasised that the Guidelines should remain precautionary and conservative in light of limited operational experience and potential safety and pollution risks. Wind propulsion system - In the absence of a base document, the CG was tasked to work on draft interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using wind propulsion systems and wind- assisted power. Other fuels and technologies - Owing to time constraints, HTW 12 could not progress further development of the draft interim guidelines on training for seafarers on ships using other alternative fuels and new technologies (i.e. hydrogen fuel cell, LPG, hydrogen and battery) and agreed that further work should be undertaken by the CG. In the context of the comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code, it was reported that a significant number of gaps have already been identified, with further work ongoing to develop amendments, particularly in chapters related to deck and engine departments. The review process is expected to continue over the coming years, with completion anticipated by 2029. Additionally, work was initiated on enhancing the effectiveness of provisions related to seafarers’ Fatigue And Hours Of Work And Rest. This includes a structured review of existing IMO instruments and related international frameworks, with the aim of identifying gaps and improving implementation and enforcement mechanisms. MSC 110 instructed the HTW Sub-Committee to progress the output on fatigue and seafarers’ hours of work and rest, including consideration of recommendation 4 of the Study on the effectiveness and effective implementation of the ISM Code. HTW 12 also noted the ongoing comprehensive review of the 1978 STCW Convention and Code addressing an identified gap on hours of rest. It was recognized that port State control faces significant limitations in verifying compliance with work and rest hour requirements and safe manning levels, and that flag States and companies bear primary responsibility for effective implementation. Guidance was identified as a means to clarify the interrelationship between relevant requirements and strengthen implementation. 80  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 HTW 12 considered proposals for a structured scoping exercise on fatigue and hours of work and rest, including a phased, evidence-based approach, and agreed that preparatory work should compile relevant evidence, applicable IMO and other international instruments, and other material of international relevance. HTW 12 emphasized the importance of coordination with ILO, particularly in light of potential updates to the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, to ensure alignment and coherent implementation. The CG would assess the regulatory framework, including relevant IMO and other international instruments and casualty investigation reports, analyze root causes of seafarer fatigue and concerns related to hours of work and rest, undertake a gap analysis of current implementation, and, if time permits, identify possible measures to enhance effectiveness. New Model Courses – HTW 12 validated the following model training courses: - 1.21 on Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities; - 1.37 on Chemical Tanker Cargo and Ballast Handling Simulator; - 2.06 on Oil Tanker Cargo and Ballast Handling Simulator). The session concluded with agreement on the biennial status report and the provisional agenda for HTW 13, as well as the preparation of the report to the Maritime Safety Committee for further consideration. 5 Key Issues Related to IAMU Basic Agreement and Statements The discussions and outcomes of HTW 12 are closely aligned with the core principles, mission, and strategic objectives outlined in the IAMU Basic Agreement. Firstly, the emphasis on the comprehensive review of the STCW Convention and Code directly relates to IAMU’s commitment to advancing global maritime education and training (MET) systems. As highlighted in the IAMU Basic Agreement, effective education, training, and research are essential for developing highly qualified maritime professionals and ensuring safety, security, and environmental protection within the shipping industry. The ongoing revisions to STCW instruments reinforce the need for continuous adaptation of MET programmes in line with global standards. Secondly, the increasing focus on the human element, including issues such as fatigue, competency, and training effectiveness, reflects IAMU’s recognition that human resources are the critical element in the maritime sector. The discussions at HTW 12 further underline the importance of integrating human-centred approaches into education and training systems. Thirdly, the challenges identified regarding the cumulative impact of regulatory changes highlight a key concern for IAMU member institutions. While supporting modernization, IAMU emphasizes the importance of ensuring that regulatory developments remain feasible and sustainable for MET institutions, in line with its objective to promote high-quality and effective education systems. Furthermore, the discussions on new technologies, alternative fuels, and decarbonization are consistent with IAMU’s mission to support innovation and respond to emerging global challenges. These developments require enhanced cooperation among member universities, as well as strengthened links between academia, industry, and international organizations such as the IMO. Finally, the role of IAMU as a consultative partner to the IMO was reaffirmed through its contribution to the session. This reflects IAMU’s mandate to represent maritime universities at the 81  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 international level and to contribute to the development of global maritime policies, particularly in areas related to education, training, and the human element. In this context, IAMU’s active and continuous participation in HTW sessions is of critical importance, as it ensures that the perspectives of maritime education and training institutions are consistently represented in the development and future evolution of international regulatory frameworks. Such sustained engagement enables IAMU to contribute to evidence-based decision- making, promote practical and implementable solutions, and support the alignment between global regulatory developments and the long-term capacity and needs of MET institutions. 6 Strategic Recommendations and Follow-up Actions for IEB Attention 6.1 For Policy Policy recommendation 1: IAMU should actively advocate for a phased and balanced approach to the revision of the STCW Convention and Code, ensuring that amendments are implemented in a coordinated manner that considers the cumulative impact on MET institutions. Policy recommendation 2: IAMU should engage more closely with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to reinforce the intended non-prescriptive nature of IMO Model Courses, promoting their use as flexible guidance rather than mandatory frameworks. Policy recommendation 3: IAMU should strengthen its role as a consultative body by systematically collecting and presenting evidence-based feedback from member universities to IMO bodies, particularly on issues related to the human element and training capacity. 6.2 For Research and Development1 Proposal (a). Alternative fuels and new technologies in maritime training Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: • Training requirements for seafarers working with alternative fuels (methanol, ammonia, hydrogen, LNG); • Safety and risk management aspects related to new fuel systems; • Integration of environmental regulations into maritime education programmes. Goals: • To analyse training needs for seafarers operating ships using alternative fuels; • To identify necessary updates to STCW competencies and training standards; Proposal (b). Simulator training and digital learning in MET Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: • Use of simulator training as a partial substitute for seagoing service; • Development of advanced simulation technologies and virtual training environments; • Evaluation of learning outcomes and effectiveness of simulator-based training. Goals: • To assess the role of simulator training in modern MET systems; • To define optimal balance between onboard training and simulation; • To propose improvements to STCW provisions related to simulator training. 1 One of the uses of sub-section 6.2 of this report, is to serve as input for the Academic Affairs Committee (AAC) and the Policy and Planning Committee (PPC) in the development of Research Themes for IAMU Research Projects and IAMU Development Projects respectively. 82  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 Proposal (c). Human element: fatigue, mental health and wellbeing Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: • Fatigue management and hours of work and rest; • Mental health, psychological safety, and prevention of harassment and bullying; • Impact of workload and working conditions on seafarer performance. Goals: • To analyse factors affecting seafarer wellbeing and safety; • To identify gaps in current STCW and related frameworks; • To propose measures for improving human element integration in MET. Proposal (d). Cybersecurity and digital competencies in maritime sector Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: • Cyber risk management in ship operations; • Development of digital competencies for seafarers; • Integration of cybersecurity training into MET curricula. Goals: • To assess the need for cybersecurity competencies in STCW; • To define training frameworks for digital and cyber skills; • To support safe digital transformation of maritime operations. Proposal (e). Curriculum development and capacity of MET institutions Possible key concepts to be structured and researched within the theme: • Impact of new competencies on curriculum structure and duration; • Resource and capacity constraints of MET institutions; • Flexible and modular approaches to maritime education. Goals: • To analyse the cumulative impact of STCW amendments on MET systems; • To propose sustainable curriculum design models; • To support effective implementation of new training requirements. 6.3 For Education and Training Education/training recommendation 1: IAMU member institutions should review and adapt their curricula to incorporate emerging competencies related to new technologies and environmental regulations, while ensuring that programme structures remain manageable and effective. Education/training recommendation 2: There is a need to enhance capacity-building initiatives for teaching staff, including upskilling and reskilling programmes to address new competency requirements. Education/training recommendation 3: IAMU should promote greater flexibility in curriculum development, encouraging national administrations to allow institutions to tailor training programmes in line with evolving industry needs and technological advancements. 7 Contacts Made, Discussions Held and/or Possible External Collaborations to be Developed During the HTW 12 session, a number of valuable professional contacts were established and strengthened with key stakeholders from the international maritime community. Meetings and informal discussions were held with representatives of The Nautical Institute, ICS, ITF, GlobalMET, International Maritime Lecturers Association, and World Maritime University. These interactions focused on potential collaboration in areas such as maritime education and 83  REPORT ON HTW 12 MEETING TO THE IEB THROUGH THE LIAISON COMMITTEE – 23-27 Feb 2026 training development, joint academic initiatives, and participation in international conferences and research activities. Engagement was also established with Bernhard Schulte Shipmanagement, with discussions exploring opportunities for closer cooperation between academia and industry, particularly in the context of cadet training programmes, practical skill development, and alignment of educational outcomes with industry needs. In addition, exchanges with representatives of IMO Member States provided valuable insights into national perspectives on the implementation of STCW requirements, regulatory challenges, and evolving expectations for maritime education and training institutions. These interactions highlighted strong potential for future collaboration, including joint research projects, academic exchanges, participation in international working groups, and the organization of joint events and training initiatives. Strengthening these partnerships will contribute to enhancing the quality, relevance, and internationalization of maritime education and training at Batumi Navigation University and within the IAMU network. Summary These developments are expected to have significant implications for maritime education and training (MET) institutions, particularly in terms of curriculum restructuring, resource allocation, and the integration of emerging competencies into existing programmes. Photos from the twelfth session of the Sub-Committee on Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW 12) – IAMU Delegation 84