Vastavalt nimekirjale
Meie 13.06.2018 nr 6-6/18/3837-2
Saksamaa majandusvööndi avamere tuuleenergia
strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi koostamine
Saksamaa teavitas 2013. aastal piiriülese keskkonnamõju hindamise konventsiooni
keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise protokolli alusel Eestit Saksamaa majandusvööndi
Läänemere võrkude ruumilise planeerimise algatamisest. Tuginedes avalikustamise käigus saadud
tagasisidele vastas Keskkonnaministeerium, et Eesti ei soovi antud piiriüleses keskkonnamõju
strateegilise hindamise (KSH) menetluses osaleda. 2017. aastal korraldas Keskkonnaministeerium
täiendavalt Saksamaa majandusvööndi Läänemere ning Põhjamere võrkude planeeringute
ajakohastamisega seotud materjalide avalikustamise. Nende materjalide kohta märkuseid ei
esitatud.
Nüüd on Saksamaa teavitanud Eestit Saksamaa majandusvööndi Läänemere ning Põhjamere nn
asutuse arendamise strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi koostamise ning KSH algatamisest.
Tegemist on tuuleenergia eesmärkide saavutamiseks koostatava valdkondliku arengu-
dokumendiga, mis käsitleb ja reguleerib avamere tuuleenergia ning võrguühenduste arendamisega
seonduvat Saksamaa majandusvööndis (nt rajatiste potentsiaalsed piirkonnad ja asukohad,
energiatootmisvõimsused, võrguühenduste koridorid, planeerimise üldprintsiibid). Kirjale on
lisatud ingliskeelsed lühikokkuvõtted strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi ning KSH sisu ja ulatuse
dokumentide eelnõudest, milles on esitatud koostatavate materjalide sisukorrad.
Juhul, kui Te olete seisukohal, et Eesti peaks osalema kõnealuses piiriüleses KSH menetluses, siis
palume seisukoha koos asjakohase põhjendusega edastada Keskkonnaministeeriumile 27. juuniks
2018. Tähtaja määramisel on lähtutud Saksamaa sätestatud vastamise tähtajast.
Lugupidamisega
(allkirjastatud digitaalselt)
Kaupo Heinma
Keskkonnakorralduse osakonna juhataja
Narva maantee 7a/ Tallinn 15172/ 626 2802/
[email protected]/ www.envir.ee/
Registrikood 70001231
Lisad:
1 – strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi eelnõu;
2 – Läänemere KSH sisu dokumendi eelnõu;
3 – Põhjamere KSH sisu dokumendi eelnõu.
Rainer Persidski
626 2973,
[email protected]
Preliminary Draft of the
Site Development Plan 2019
for the German Exclusive Economic Zone of
the North Sea and Baltic Sea
Contents I
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 The development of offshore wind energy 1
1.2 Legal basis of the Site Development Plan 1
1.3 Purpose and aims of the Site Development Plan 1
1.4 Objectives of the Site Development Plan 1
2 Processes for the development of offshore wind energy 1
2.1 Site Development Plan 1
2.1.1 Competent authority 1
2.1.2 Drawing up the Plan 1
2.1.3 Alterations and updates of the Plan 1
2.1.4 Coordination procedures 1
2.1.5 Consensus procedures 1
2.2 Preliminary investigation of sites 1
2.3 Auctions of sites 1
2.4 Plan approval procedures 1
2.5 Interfaces with other grid planning tools 1
2.5.1 Scenario framework 1
2.5.2 Network Development Plan 1
2.5.3 Federal Requirement Plan 1
2.5.4 Ten-Year Network Development Plan 1
2.5.5 Federal Grid Plan 1
2.6 Existing spatial and sectoral plans 1
2.6.1 Exclusive economic zone 1
2.6.2 Lower Saxony 1
2.6.3 Schleswig-Holstein 1
2.6.4 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1
3 Current state 2
3.1 Current state of development 2
3.2 Legal target for the development of offshore wind energy 2
II
4 Guidelines and principles 2
4.1 Introduction 2
4.2 Technical concepts 2
4.2.1 Standard concept North Sea: DC system 2
4.2.2 Standard concept Baltic Sea: AC system 2
4.3 Technology principles 2
4.3.1 Direct current North See 2
4.3.2 Alternating current Baltic Sea 2
4.3.3 Cross grid connections 2
4.3.4 Cross border grid connections 2
4.4 Planning principles 2
4.4.1 Sites 2
4.4.2 Platforms 2
4.4.3 Grid connections 2
4.5 Possible exemptions 2
4.6 Planning horizon 2
4.7 Determination of expected power to be installed 2
4.7.1 Goal of determination of expected power to be installed 2
4.7.2 Methodology of determination of expected power to be installed 2
4.7.3 Criteria determination of expected performance to be installed 2
4.7.4 Power density to be applied 2
4.7.5 Zone 3 Determination of expected capacity to be installed in Zone 3 2
4.8 Criteria for determining the sites and the chronological order of
their tender 2
4.8.1 Methodology of application of the criteria 3
4.8.2 Description of the criteria to be applied 3
5 Stipulations 3
5.1 Areas for the construction and operation of offshore wind energy
installations 3
5.2 Sites for the construction and operation of offshore wind energy
installations 3
5.2.1 Determination of Sites 3
5.2.2 Criteria for the decision determining the sites 3
Contents III
5.3 Expected power to be installed 3
5.4 Sites for platforms 3
5.5 Routes and corridors for offshore grid connections 3
5.6 Gates 3
5.7 Stipulations for the territorial waters 3
5.7.1 Requirement of an administrative agreement 3
5.8 Timely order of sites to be auctioned 3
5.9 Calendar year of commissioning for offshore wind installations
and grid connections 3
5.10 Routes and corridors for cross border grid connections 3
5.10.1 Current state 3
5.10.2 Specification of routes and route corridors for cross border grid
connections 3
5.11 Routes and corridors for cross grid connections 3
6 Specifications for pilot offshore wind installations 3
6.1 Available gird capacities 3
6.2 Spatial specifications 4
6.3 Technical conditions and requirements for the grid connections 4
7 Consistency of the stipulations with private and public
interests 4
7.1 Legal exclusion reasons 4
7.1.1 Compliance with the requirements of spatial planning 4
7.1.2 No threat to the marine environment 4
7.1.3 No impairment of the safety and efficiency of traffic 4
7.1.4 No impairment of the security of the defence of the nation and the
Alliance 4
7.1.5 Not located in a protected area pursuant to Section 57 of the Federal
Nature Conservation Act 4
7.1.6 No location outside of clusters of the Spatial Grid Plan 4
7.2 Admissibility of the determination of the areas 4
7.3 Admissibility of the determination of the site 4
7.4 Admissibility of the determination of other stipulations 4
8 Summary assessment 4
9 Summary Environmental Statement 4
IV
10 Annex: cartographic representations (for information) 4
11 Bibliography 5
Contents V
List of illustrations
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Draft Scope of the Environmental Report for
the Site Development Plan for the German
Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea
Content I
Content
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Legal Basis and Function of the Environmental Assessment 1
1.2 Outline of Contents and Main Objectives of the Site
Development Plan 1
1.3 Relation to Other Relevant Plans and Programs 1
1.4 Presentation and Consideration of Environmental Protection
Objectives 1
1.4.1 International Agreements on Marine Environmental Protections 1
1.4.2 Marine Environmental Protection at EU Level 2
1.4.3 Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation Legislation at
National Level 2
1.4.4 Climate Protection Objectives of the Federal Government 2
1.4.5 Consideration of Environmental Protection Objectives 2
1.5 Methodology of the Environmental Assessment 3
1.5.1 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 3
1.5.2 Environmental Status Criteria 3
1.6 Data Basis and Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the
Documents 4
1.6.1 Data Basis Overview 4
1.6.2 Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the Documents 4
2 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 5
2.1 Investigation Area 5
2.2 Object of Investigation 5
2.3 Seabed/Area 5
2.3.1 Data Basis 5
2.3.2 Geomorphology 5
2.3.3 Distribution of Seabed Sediments 5
2.3.4 Pollutant Distribution in Sediment 5
2.3.5 State Assessment of the Sea Bed 5
2.4 Water 5
2.4.1 Data Basis 5
II Content
2.4.2 Currents 5
2.4.3 Swell 6
2.4.4 Temperature, Salinity and Seasonal Stratification 6
2.4.5 Fronts 6
2.4.6 Suspended Particles and Turbidity 6
2.4.7 State Assessment according to Nutrient and Pollutant Distribution 6
2.5 Plankton 6
2.5.1 Data Basis 6
2.5.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton 6
2.5.3 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Zooplankton 6
2.5.4 State Assessment of Plankton 6
2.6 Biotopes 6
2.6.1 Data Basis 6
2.6.2 Legally Protected Marine Biotopes according to § 30 BNatSchG 6
2.6.3 State Assessment of Biotopes 6
2.7 Benthos 6
2.7.1 Data Basis 7
2.7.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 7
2.7.3 State Assessment of Benthos 7
2.8 Fishes 7
2.8.1 Data Basis 7
2.8.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 7
2.8.3 State Assessment of Fishes 7
2.9 Marine Mammals 7
2.9.1 Data Basis 7
2.9.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 7
2.9.3 State Assessment of Marine Mammals 7
2.10 Sea- and Resting Birds 7
2.10.1 Data Basis 8
2.10.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 8
2.10.3 State Assessment of Sea and Resting Birds 8
2.11 Migratory Birds 9
Content III
2.11.1 Data Basis 9
2.11.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 9
2.11.3 State Assessment of Migratory Birds 9
2.12 Bats and Bat Migration 9
2.12.1 Data Basis 9
2.12.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 9
2.12.3 State of Protection of Potentially Migrating Bat Species in Bordering
Countries of the Baltic Sea 9
2.12.4 Endangerment 9
2.13 Biological Diversity 9
2.14 Air 9
2.15 Climate 9
2.16 Landscape 9
2.17 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology) 9
2.18 Human Beings including Human Health 9
2.19 Interactions between the Objects of Protection 9
3 Expected Development in Case of Non-Implementation of the
Plan 10
3.1 Seabed/Area 10
3.2 Water 10
3.3 Plankton 10
3.4 Biotopes 10
3.5 Benthos 10
3.6 Fishes 10
3.7 Marine Mammals 10
3.8 Sea- and Resting Birds 10
3.9 Migratory Birds 10
3.10 Bats and Bat Migration 10
3.11 Biological Diversity 10
3.12 Air 10
3.13 Climate 10
3.14 Landscape 10
3.15 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology) 10
IV Content
3.16 Human Beings including Human Health 10
3.17 Interactions between the Objects of Protection 10
4 Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant Effects
of the Implementation of the Site Development Plan on the
Marine Environment 11
4.1 Seabed/Areas 11
4.1.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.1.2 Platforms 11
4.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.2 Benthos 11
4.2.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.2.2 Platforms 11
4.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.3 Biotopes 11
4.3.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.3.2 Platforms 11
4.3.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.4 Fishes 11
4.4.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.4.2 Platforms 11
4.4.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.5 Marine Mammals 11
4.5.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.5.2 Platforms 11
4.5.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.6 Sea- and Resting Birds 11
4.6.1 Areas and Sites 12
4.6.2 Platforms 12
4.6.3 Offshore Grid Connections 12
4.7 Migratory Birds 12
4.7.1 Areas and Sites 12
4.7.2 Platforms 12
4.7.3 Offshore Grid Connections 12
Content V
4.8 Bats and Bat Migrations 12
4.8.1 Areas and Sites 12
4.8.2 Platforms 12
4.8.3 Offshore Grid Connections 12
4.9 Climate 12
4.10 Landscape 12
4.10.1 Areas and Sites 12
4.10.2 Platforms 12
4.11 Interactions 12
4.12 Cumulative Effects 12
4.12.1 Seabed/Areas 12
4.12.2 Benthos 12
4.12.3 Biotopes 12
4.12.4 Fishes 12
4.12.5 Marine Mammals 12
4.12.6 Sea- and Resting Birds 12
4.12.7 Migratory Birds 12
4.13 Transboundary Impacts 13
5 Assessment of Species Protection 13
5.1 Marine Mammals 13
5.1.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation) 13
5.1.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation) 13
5.2 Avifauna (Sea- and Resting Birds, Migratory Birds) 13
5.2.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation) 13
5.2.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation) 13
5.3 Bats 13
5.3.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 and No. 2 BNatSchG 13
6 Impact Assessment 14
6.1 Legal Basis 14
6.2 Protection and Conservation Objectives 14
6.2.1 Nature Conservation Area „Pommersche Bucht - Rönnebank“ 14
6.2.2 Nature Conservation Area „Fehmarnbelt“ 14
VI Content
6.2.3 Nature Conservation Area „Kadetrinne“ 14
6.2.4 Natura2000-Areas outside of the German EEZ 14
6.3 Impact Assessment regarding Areas and Sites 14
6.4 Impact Assessment regarding Planned Platforms 14
6.4.1 Platforms in the Areas and Sites 14
6.5 Impact Assessment regarding the Planned Cable Routes 14
6.5.1 Cable Routes in the Areas and Sites 14
6.5.2 Cross-Border Corridors 14
6.6 Results of the Impact Assessment 14
7 Assessment of the Plan 15
8 Measures to Prevent, Reduce and - Offset any Significant
Adverse Environmental Effects of Implementing the Site
Development Plan 15
8.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy 15
8.2 Platforms 15
8.3 Offshore Grid Connections (DC- und AC-cable systems) 15
9 Examined Alternatives 15
9.1 Zero-Alternative 15
9.2 Strategic Alternatives 15
9.3 Spatial Alternatives 15
9.4 Technical Alternatives 15
10 Planned Measures Concerning Monitoring of Significant
Environmental Effects due to the Implementation of the Site
Development Plan 15
10.1 Monitoring of Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy 15
10.2 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Platforms 15
10.3 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Offshore Grid Connections 15
11 Non-Technical Summary 15
12 References 15
Content VII
List of figures
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Introduction 1
1 Introduction
1.1 Legal Basis and Function of the Environmental Assessment
- Offshore Wind Energy Act (Windenergie-auf-See-Gesetz - WindSeeG)
- Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Gesetz-über-die-Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung
UVPG)
1.2 Outline of Contents and Main Objectives of the Site Development Plan
1.3 Relation to Other Relevant Plans and Programs
1.4 Presentation and Consideration of Environmental Protection Objectives
1.4.1 International Agreements on Marine Environmental Protections
The Federal Republic of Germany is party to all relevant international conventions on marine
environmental protection.
(1) Worldwide valid agreements that serve all or part of the Marine Environment Protection United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) from 1982
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ship from 1973 as amended
by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78)
• Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
(London, 1972); Protocol of 1996
• Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas for oil pollution accidents of 1969
• Convention on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation in the field of oil pollution
(OPRC) of 1990
• International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution
Casualties of 1969
(2) Regional Agreements on Marine Environmental Protection
• Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area of 1992
(Helsinki-Convention)
(3) Specific Agreements of Protection
• Convention on Biological Diversity from 1993
• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals from 1979 (Bonner
Convention)
• Agreements concluded under the Convention:
• Agreement on the Conservation of small cetaceans of the Baltic, North east Atlantic, Irish
and North Seas from 1991 (ASCOBANS)
2 Introduction
• Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats from 1991 (EUROBATS)
• African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement from 1995 (AEWA)
• Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention) of 1979.
1.4.2 Marine Environmental Protection at EU Level
Relevant EU legislation has to be considered:
• Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on
the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programs on the environment (SEA
Directive)
• Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 13 December 2011 on
the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
• Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008
establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy
(Marine Strategy Framework Directive, MSFD)
• Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of
wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive),
• Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (Birds
Directive)
• Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000
establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (WFD)
• Regulations on sustainable fisheries under the Common Fisheries Policy
• Rules of the Common Fisheries Policy
1.4.3 Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation Legislation at National Level
- Offshore Wind Energy Act (WindSeeG)
- Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG)
- Environmental Impact Assessment Act
- Ordinance on Nature Conservation Area
1.4.4 Climate Protection Objectives of the Federal Government
1.4.5 Consideration of Environmental Protection Objectives
Introduction 3
1.5 Methodology of the Environmental Assessment
1.5.1 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
• Area • Bats
• Seabed • Biological Diversity
• Water • Air
• Plankton • Climate
• Biotopes • Landscape
• Benthos • Material Assets, Cultural Heritage
• Fishes • Human Beings including Health
• Marine Mammals • Interactions between the Objects of
Protection
• Resting and Migratory Birds
1.5.2 Environmental Status Criteria
1.5.2.1 Rarity
1.5.2.2 Endangerment
1.5.2.3 Naturalness
[….]
4 Introduction
1.6 Data Basis and Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the Documents
1.6.1 Data Basis Overview
1.6.2 Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the Documents
1.6.2.1 Seabed/Area
1.6.2.2 Biotopes
1.6.2.3 Benthos
1.6.2.4 Fishes
1.6.2.5 Seabirds and Resting Birds
1.6.2.6 Migratory Birds
1.6.2.7 Marine Mammals
1.6.2.8 Bats
Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 5
2 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
2.1 Investigation Area
2.2 Object of Investigation
Stipulations according to the Offshore Wind Energy Act
• areas and sites for offshore wind energy, including stipulations of the likely amount of
capacity of offshore wind energy installations
• routes or route corridors for offshore gird connection, including cross-border grid
connections
• sites of converter platforms, collector platforms and, as far as possible, substations
• technology and planning principles
• pilot offshore wind energy installations, if applicable
2.3 Seabed/Area
2.3.1 Data Basis
2.3.2 Geomorphology
2.3.3 Distribution of Seabed Sediments
2.3.4 Pollutant Distribution in Sediment
2.3.4.1 Metals
2.3.4.2 Organic Pollutants
2.3.4.3 Radioactive Material (Radionuclides)
2.3.4.4 Contaminated Sites
2.3.5 State Assessment of the Sea Bed
2.3.5.1 Natural Factors
2.3.5.2 Anthropogenic Factors
2.4 Water
2.4.1 Data Basis
2.4.2 Currents
6 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
2.4.3 Swell
2.4.4 Temperature, Salinity and Seasonal Stratification
2.4.5 Fronts
2.4.6 Suspended Particles and Turbidity
2.4.7 State Assessment according to Nutrient and Pollutant Distribution
2.4.7.1 Nutrients
2.4.7.2 Metals
2.4.7.3 Organic Material
2.4.7.4 Radioactive Material (Radionuclides)
2.5 Plankton
2.5.1 Data Basis
2.5.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton
2.5.3 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Zooplankton
2.5.4 State Assessment of Plankton
2.6 Biotopes
2.6.1 Data Basis
2.6.2 Legally Protected Marine Biotopes according to § 30 BNatSchG
2.6.2.1 Reefs
2.6.2.2 Sandbanks
2.6.2.3 Species-rich Gravel-, Coarse Sand and Shell Gravel Bottoms in Marine and
Coastal Areas
2.6.2.4 Seapen and Burrowing Megafauna Communities
2.6.3 State Assessment of Biotopes
2.6.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for the Biotopes
2.7 Benthos
Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 7
2.7.1 Data Basis
2.7.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.7.2.1 Species Composition in the EEZ of the Baltic Sea
2.7.2.2 Red List Species
2.7.2.3 Benthic Algae
2.7.3 State Assessment of Benthos
2.7.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Benthic Communities
2.8 Fishes
2.8.1 Data Basis
2.8.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.8.2.1 Red List Species in the German Baltic Sea
2.8.2.2 Region-typical Fish Communities in the EEZ
2.8.3 State Assessment of Fishes
2.8.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Fishes
2.9 Marine Mammals
2.9.1 Data Basis
2.9.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.9.2.1 Harbour Porpoise
2.9.2.2 Occurrence of Harbour Porpoises in the German Baltic Sea
2.9.2.3 Seals and Grey Seals
2.9.3 State Assessment of Marine Mammals
2.9.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Marine Mammals
2.9.3.2 Protection Status
2.9.3.3 Endangerment
2.10 Sea- and Resting Birds
8 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
2.10.1 Data Basis
2.10.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.10.2.1 Abundance of Sea- and Resting Birds in the German Baltic Sea
2.10.2.2 Common Species and Particularly Important Species for the Nature Conservation
Area „Pommersche Bucht - Rönnebank“
Red-throated Diver (Gavia stellata) and Black-Throated Diver (G. arctica)
Slavonian Grebe (Podiceps auritus)
Little Gull (Larus minutus)
Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis)
Velvet Scoters (Melanitta fusca)
Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra)
Eider Duck (Somateria mollissima)
Common Guillemot ( (Uria aalge)
Razorbill (Alca torda)
Gryllteiste (Cepphus grylle)
Red-Neck Diver (Podiceps grisegna)
Yellow-billed Diver (Gavia adamsii)
Common Gull (Larus canus)
2.10.2.3 Occurrence of Sea and Resting Birds in the Areas
2.10.3 State Assessment of Sea and Resting Birds
2.10.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Sea- and Resting Birds
2.10.3.2 Protection Status
2.10.3.3 Endangerment
Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 9
2.11 Migratory Birds
2.11.1 Data Basis
2.11.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.11.2.1 Bird Migration in the German Bight
2.11.2.2 Species Composition
2.11.3 State Assessment of Migratory Birds
2.11.3.1 Anthropogenic Impact on Bird Migration
2.11.3.2 Indirect Losses
2.11.3.3 Climate Change
2.11.3.4 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Migratory Birds
2.12 Bats and Bat Migration
2.12.1 Data Basis
2.12.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.12.3 State of Protection of Potentially Migrating Bat Species in Bordering Countries of the
Baltic Sea
2.12.4 Endangerment
2.13 Biological Diversity
2.14 Air
2.15 Climate
2.16 Landscape
2.17 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology)
2.18 Human Beings including Human Health
2.19 Interactions between the Objects of Protection
10 Expected Development in Case of Non-Implementation of the Plan
3 Expected Development in Case of Non-Implementation of
the Plan
3.1 Seabed/Area
3.2 Water
3.3 Plankton
3.4 Biotopes
3.5 Benthos
3.6 Fishes
3.7 Marine Mammals
3.8 Sea- and Resting Birds
3.9 Migratory Birds
3.10 Bats and Bat Migration
3.11 Biological Diversity
3.12 Air
3.13 Climate
3.14 Landscape
3.15 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology)
3.16 Human Beings including Human Health
3.17 Interactions between the Objects of Protection
Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant Effects of the Implementation of the Site 11
Development Plan on the Marine Environment
4 Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant
Effects of the Implementation of the Site Development Plan
on the Marine Environment
4.1 Seabed/Areas
4.1.1 Areas and Sites
4.1.2 Platforms
4.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.2 Benthos
4.2.1 Areas and Sites
4.2.2 Platforms
4.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.3 Biotopes
4.3.1 Areas and Sites
4.3.2 Platforms
4.3.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.4 Fishes
4.4.1 Areas and Sites
4.4.2 Platforms
4.4.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.5 Marine Mammals
4.5.1 Areas and Sites
4.5.2 Platforms
4.5.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.6 Sea- and Resting Birds
Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant Effects of the Implementation of the Site Development
12
Plan on the Marine Environment
4.6.1 Areas and Sites
4.6.2 Platforms
4.6.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.7 Migratory Birds
4.7.1 Areas and Sites
4.7.2 Platforms
4.7.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.8 Bats and Bat Migrations
4.8.1 Areas and Sites
4.8.2 Platforms
4.8.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.9 Climate
4.10 Landscape
4.10.1 Areas and Sites
4.10.2 Platforms
4.11 Interactions
4.12 Cumulative Effects
4.12.1 Seabed/Areas
4.12.2 Benthos
4.12.3 Biotopes
4.12.4 Fishes
4.12.5 Marine Mammals
4.12.6 Sea- and Resting Birds
4.12.7 Migratory Birds
Assessment of Species Protection 13
4.13 Transboundary Impacts
5 Assessment of Species Protection
5.1 Marine Mammals
5.1.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation)
5.1.1.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.1.1.2 Platforms
5.1.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.1.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation)
5.1.2.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.1.2.2 Platforms
5.1.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.2 Avifauna (Sea- and Resting Birds, Migratory Birds)
5.2.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation)
5.2.1.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.2.1.2 Platforms
5.2.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.2.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation)
5.2.2.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.2.2.2 Platforms
5.2.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.3 Bats
5.3.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 and No. 2 BNatSchG
5.3.1.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.3.1.2 Platforms
14 Impact Assessment
5.3.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
6 Impact Assessment
6.1 Legal Basis
6.2 Protection and Conservation Objectives
6.2.1 Nature Conservation Area „Pommersche Bucht - Rönnebank“
6.2.2 Nature Conservation Area „Fehmarnbelt“
6.2.3 Nature Conservation Area „Kadetrinne“
6.2.4 Natura2000-Areas outside of the German EEZ
6.3 Impact Assessment regarding Areas and Sites
6.4 Impact Assessment regarding Planned Platforms
6.4.1 Platforms in the Areas and Sites
6.4.1.1 Legally Protected Habitats (Long Range Effects)
6.4.1.2 Marine Mammals (Long Range Effects)
6.5 Impact Assessment regarding the Planned Cable Routes
6.5.1 Cable Routes in the Areas and Sites
6.5.1.1 Legally Protected Habitats
6.5.1.2 Marine Mammals /Avifauna
6.5.2 Cross-Border Corridors
6.6 Results of the Impact Assessment
Assessment of the Plan 15
7 Assessment of the Plan
8 Measures to Prevent, Reduce and - Offset any Significant
Adverse Environmental Effects of Implementing the Site
Development Plan
8.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
8.2 Platforms
8.3 Offshore Grid Connections (DC- und AC-cable systems)
9 Examined Alternatives
9.1 Zero-Alternative
9.2 Strategic Alternatives
9.3 Spatial Alternatives
9.4 Technical Alternatives
10 Planned Measures Concerning Monitoring of Significant
Environmental Effects due to the Implementation of the Site
Development Plan
10.1 Monitoring of Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
10.2 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Platforms
10.3 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Offshore Grid Connections
11 Non-Technical Summary
12 References
Draft Scope of the Environmental Report for
the Site Development Plan for the German
Exclusive Economic Zone of the North Sea
Content I
Content
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Legal Basis and Function of Environmental Assessment 1
1.2 Outline of Contents and Main Objectives of the Site
Development Plan 1
1.3 Relation to Other Relevant Plans and Programs 1
1.4 Presentation and Consideration of Environmental Protection
Objectives 1
1.4.1 International Agreements on Marine Environmental Protections 1
1.4.2 Marine Environmental Protection at EU Level 2
1.4.3 Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation Legislation at
National Level 2
1.4.4 Climate Protection Objectives of the Federal Government 2
1.4.5 Consideration of Environmental Protection Objectives 2
1.5 Methodology of the Environmental Assessment 3
1.5.1 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 3
1.5.2 Environmental Status Criteria 3
1.6 Data Basis and Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the
Documents 3
1.6.1 Overview Data Basis 3
1.6.2 Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the Documents 3
2 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 4
2.1 Investigation Area 4
2.2 Object of Investigation 4
2.3 Seabed/Area 4
2.3.1 Data Basis 4
2.3.2 Geomorphology 4
2.3.3 Distribution of Seabed Sediments 4
2.3.4 Pollutant Distribution in Sediment 4
2.3.5 State Assessment of the Sea Bed 4
2.4 Water 5
2.4.1 Data Basis 5
II Content
2.4.2 Currents 5
2.4.3 Swell 5
2.4.4 Temperature, Salinity and Seasonal Stratification 5
2.4.5 Fronts 5
2.4.6 Suspended Particles and Turbidity 5
2.4.7 State Assessment according to Nutrient and Pollutant Distribution 5
2.5 Plankton 5
2.5.1 Data Basis 5
2.5.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton 5
2.5.3 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Zooplankton 5
2.5.4 State Assessment of Plankton 5
2.6 Biotopes 5
2.6.1 Data Basis 5
2.6.2 Legally Protected Marine Biotopes according to § 30 BNatSchG 5
2.6.3 State Assessment of Biotopes 6
2.7 Benthos 6
2.7.1 Data Basis 6
2.7.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 6
2.7.3 State Assessment of Benthos 6
2.8 Fishes 6
2.8.1 Data Basis 6
2.8.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 6
2.8.3 State Assessment of Fishes 6
2.9 Marine Mammals 6
2.9.1 Data Basis 6
2.9.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 6
2.9.3 State Assessment of Marine Mammals 6
2.10 Sea- and Resting Birds 7
2.10.1 Data Basis 7
2.10.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 7
2.10.3 State Assessment of Sea- and Resting Birds 7
2.11 Migratory Birds 8
Content III
2.11.1 Data Basis 8
2.11.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 8
2.11.3 State Assessment of Migratory Birds 8
2.12 Bats and Bat Migration 8
2.12.1 Data Basis 8
2.12.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability 8
2.13 Biological Diversity 8
2.14 Air 8
2.15 Climate 8
2.16 Landscape 8
2.17 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology) 8
2.18 Human Beings including Human Health 8
2.19 Interactions between the Objects of Protection 8
3 Expected Development in Case of Non-Implementation of the
Plan 9
3.1 Seabed/Area 9
3.2 Water 9
3.3 Plankton 9
3.4 Biotopes 9
3.5 Benthos 9
3.6 Fishes 9
3.7 Marine Mammals 9
3.8 Sea- and Resting Birds 9
3.9 Migratory Birds 9
3.10 Bats and Bat Migration 9
3.11 Biological Diversity 9
3.12 Air 9
3.13 Climate 9
3.14 Landscape 9
3.15 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology) 9
3.16 Human Beings including Human Health 9
3.17 Interactions between the Objects of Protection 9
IV Content
4 Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant Effects
of the Implementation of the Site Development Plan on the
Marine Environment 10
4.1 Seabed/Areas 10
4.1.1 Areas and Sites 10
4.1.2 Platforms 10
4.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections 10
4.2 Benthos 10
4.2.1 Areas and Sites 10
4.2.2 Platforms 10
4.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections 10
4.3 Biotopes 10
4.3.1 Areas and Sites 10
4.3.2 Platforms 10
4.3.3 Offshore Grid Connections 10
4.4 Fishes 10
4.4.1 Areas and Sites 10
4.4.2 Platforms 10
4.4.3 Offshore Grid Connections 10
4.5 Marine Mammals 10
4.5.1 Areas and Sites 10
4.5.2 Platforms 10
4.5.3 Offshore Grid Connections 10
4.6 Sea- and Resting Birds 10
4.6.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.6.2 Platforms 11
4.6.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.7 Migratory Birds 11
4.7.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.7.2 Platforms 11
4.7.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.8 Bats and Bat Migrations 11
4.8.1 Areas and Sites 11
Content V
4.8.2 Platforms 11
4.8.3 Offshore Grid Connections 11
4.9 Climate 11
4.10 Landscape 11
4.10.1 Areas and Sites 11
4.10.2 Platforms 11
4.11 Interactions 11
4.12 Cumulative Effects 11
4.12.1 Seabed/Areas 11
4.12.2 Benthos 11
4.12.3 Biotopes 11
4.12.4 Fishes 11
4.12.5 Marine Mammals 11
4.12.6 Sea- and Resting Birds 11
4.12.7 Migratory Birds 11
4.13 Transboundary Impacts 12
5 Assessment of Species Protection 12
5.1 Marine Mammals 12
5.1.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation) 12
5.1.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation) 12
5.2 Avifauna (Sea- and Resting Birds, Migratory Birds) 12
5.2.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation) 12
5.2.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation) 12
5.3 Bats 12
5.3.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 and No. 2 BNatSchG 12
6 Impact Assessment 13
6.1 Legal Basis 13
6.2 Protection and Conservation Objectives 13
6.2.1 Nature Conservation Area „Sylter Außenriff - Östliche Deutsche
Bucht“ 13
6.2.2 Nature Conservation Area „Borkum Riffgrund“ 13
6.2.3 Nature Conservation Area „Doggerbank“ 13
6.2.4 Natura2000-Areas outside of the German EEZ 13
VI Content
6.3 Impact Assessment regarding Areas and Sites 13
6.4 Impact Assessment regarding Planned Platforms 13
6.4.1 Platforms in the Areas and Sites 13
6.5 Impact Assessment regarding the Planned Cable Routes 13
6.5.1 Cable Routes in the Areas and Sites 13
6.5.2 Cross-Border Corridors 13
6.6 Results of the Impact Assessment 13
7 Assessment of the Plan 14
8 Measures to Prevent, Reduce and Offset any Significant
Adverse Environmental Effects of Implementing the Site
Development Plan 14
8.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy 14
8.2 Platforms 14
8.3 Offshore Grid Connections (DC- und AC-cable systems) 14
9 Examined Alternatives 14
9.1 Zero-Alternative 14
9.2 Strategic Alternatives 14
9.3 Spatial Alternatives 14
9.4 Technical Alternatives 14
10 Planned Measures concerning Monitoring of Significant
Environmental Effects due to the Implementation of the Site
Development Plan 14
10.1 Monitoring of Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy 14
10.2 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Platforms 14
10.3 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Seacable Systems 14
11 Non-Technical Summary 14
12 References 14
Content VII
List of figures
List of tables
List of abbreviations
Introduction 1
1 Introduction
1.1 Legal Basis and Function of Environmental Assessment
- Offshore Wind Energy Act (Windenergie-auf-See-Gesetz - WindSeeG)
- Environmental Impact Assessment Act (Gesetz-über-die-Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung
UVPG)
1.2 Outline of Contents and Main Objectives of the Site Development Plan
1.3 Relation to Other Relevant Plans and Programs
1.4 Presentation and Consideration of Environmental Protection Objectives
1.4.1 International Agreements on Marine Environmental Protections
The Federal Republic of Germany is party to all relevant international conventions on marine
environmental protection.
(1) Worldwide valid agreements that serve all or part of the Marine Environment Protection United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) from 1982
• International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ship from 1973 as amended
by the Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78)
• Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter
(London, 1972); Protocol of 1996
• Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas for oil pollution accidents of 1969
• Convention on Preparedness, Response and Cooperation in the field of oil pollution
(OPRC) of 1990
• International Convention relating to Intervention on the High Seas in Cases of Oil Pollution
Casualties of 1969
(2) Regional Agreements on Marine Environmental Protection
• Convention for the Protection of the marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR
Convention) from 1992
• Agreement for Cooperation in Dealing with Pollution of the North Sea of 1983 (Bonn-
Agreement)
• Trilateral Wadden Sea Cooperation (1978) und Trilaterales Monitoring und Assessment-
Programme of 1997 (TMAP).
(3) Specific Agreements of Protection
• Convention on Biological Diversity from 1993
• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals from 1979 (Bonner
Convention)
2 Introduction
• Agreements concluded under the Convention:
• Agreement on the Conservation of small cetaceans of the Baltic, North east Atlantic, Irish
and North Seas from 1991 (ASCOBANS)
• Agreement on the Conservation of Populations of European Bats from 1991 (EUROBATS)
• Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea
• African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement from 1995 (AEWA)
• Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern
Convention) of 1979.
1.4.2 Marine Environmental Protection at EU Level
Relevant EU legislation has to be considered:
• Directive 2001/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 June 2001 on
the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programs on the environment (SEA
Directive)
• Directive 2011/92/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 13 December 2011 on
the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment
• Directive 2008/56/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008
establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine environmental policy
(Marine Strategy Framework Directive, MSFD)
• Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of
wild fauna and flora (Habitats Directive),
• Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (Birds
Directive)
• Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000
establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (WFD)
• Regulations on sustainable fisheries under the Common Fisheries Policy
• Rules of the Common Fisheries Policy
1.4.3 Environmental Protection and Nature Conservation Legislation at National Level
- Offshore Wind Energy Act (WindSeeG)
- Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG)
- Environmental Impact Assessment Act
- Ordinance on Nature Conservation Area
1.4.4 Climate Protection Objectives of the Federal Government
1.4.5 Consideration of Environmental Protection Objectives
Introduction 3
1.5 Methodology of the Environmental Assessment
1.5.1 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
• Area • Bats
• Seabed • Biological Diversity
• Water • Air
• Plankton • Climate
• Biotopes • Landscape
• Benthos • Material Assets, Cultural Heritage
• Fishes • Human Beings and their Health
• Marine Mammals • Interactions between the Objects of
Protection
• Resting and Migratory Birds
1.5.2 Environmental Status Criteria
1.5.2.1 Rarity
1.5.2.2 Endangerment
1.5.2.3 Naturalness
[….]
1.6 Data Basis and Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the Documents
1.6.1 Overview Data Basis
1.6.2 Indications of Difficulties in Compiling the Documents
1.6.2.1 Seabed/Area
1.6.2.2 Biotopes
1.6.2.3 Benthos
1.6.2.4 Fishes
1.6.2.5 Seabirds and Resting Birds
1.6.2.6 Migratory Birds
4 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
1.6.2.7 Marine Mammals
1.6.2.8 Bats
2 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
2.1 Investigation Area
2.2 Object of Investigation
Stipulations according to the Offshore Wind Energy Act
• areas and sites for offshore wind energy, including stipulations of the likely amount of
capacity of offshore wind energy installations
• routes or route corridors for offshore grid connections, including cross-border grid
connections
• sites of converter platforms, collector platforms and, as far as possible, substations
• technology and planning principles
• pilot offshore wind energy installations, if applicable
2.3 Seabed/Area
2.3.1 Data Basis
2.3.2 Geomorphology
2.3.3 Distribution of Seabed Sediments
2.3.4 Pollutant Distribution in Sediment
2.3.4.1 Metals
2.3.4.2 Organic Pollutants
2.3.4.3 Radioactive Material (Radionuclides)
2.3.4.4 Contaminated Sites
2.3.5 State Assessment of the Sea Bed
2.3.5.1 Natural Factors
2.3.5.2 Anthropogenic Factors
Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 5
2.4 Water
2.4.1 Data Basis
2.4.2 Currents
2.4.3 Swell
2.4.4 Temperature, Salinity and Seasonal Stratification
2.4.5 Fronts
2.4.6 Suspended Particles and Turbidity
2.4.7 State Assessment according to Nutrient and Pollutant Distribution
2.4.7.1 Nutrients
2.4.7.2 Metals
2.4.7.3 Organic Material
2.4.7.4 Radioactive Material (Radionuclides)
2.5 Plankton
2.5.1 Data Basis
2.5.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Phytoplankton
2.5.3 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Zooplankton
2.5.4 State Assessment of Plankton
2.6 Biotopes
2.6.1 Data Basis
2.6.2 Legally Protected Marine Biotopes according to § 30 BNatSchG
2.6.2.1 Reefs
2.6.2.2 Sandbanks
2.6.2.3 Species-rich Gravel-, Coarse Sand and Shell Gravel Bottoms in Marine and
Coastal Areas
2.6.2.4 Seapen and Burrowing Megafauna Communities
6 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
2.6.3 State Assessment of Biotopes
2.6.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for the Biotopes
2.7 Benthos
2.7.1 Data Basis
2.7.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.7.2.1 Species Composition in the EEZ of the North Sea
2.7.2.2 Red List Species
2.7.2.3 Benthic Communities
2.7.3 State Assessment of Benthos
2.7.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Benthic Communities
2.8 Fishes
2.8.1 Data Basis
2.8.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.8.2.1 Red List Species in the German North Sea
2.8.2.2 Region-typical Fish Communities in the EEZ
2.8.3 State Assessment of Fishes
2.8.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Fishes
2.9 Marine Mammals
2.9.1 Data Basis
2.9.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.9.2.1 Harbour Porpoise
2.9.2.2 Occurrence of Harbour Porpoises in the German North Sea
2.9.2.3 Seals and Grey Seals
2.9.3 State Assessment of Marine Mammals
2.9.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Marine Mammals
Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status 7
2.9.3.2 Protection Status
2.9.3.3 Endangerment
2.10 Sea- and Resting Birds
2.10.1 Data Basis
2.10.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.10.2.1 Abundance of Sea- and Resting Birds in the German North Sea
2.10.2.2 Common Species and Particularly Important Species for the Nature Conservation
Area „Sylter-Außenriff - Östliche Deutsche Bucht“
Red-throated Diver (Gavia stellata) and Black-Throated Diver (G. arctica)
Little Gull (Larus minutus)
Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis)
Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) and Arcitic Tern (S. paradisaea)
Common Gull (Larus canus)
Common Guillemot (Uria aalge)
Razorbill (Alca torda)
Northern Gannet (Sula bassana)
Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)
Great Black-Backed Gull (Larus marinus)
Lesser Black-Backed Gull (Larus fuscus)
Black-Legged Gull (Rissa tridactyla)
Skua (Stercorarius skua)
Pomarine Skua (Stercorarius pomarinus)
Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra)
2.10.2.3 Occurrence of Sea and Resting Birds in the Areas
2.10.3 State Assessment of Sea- and Resting Birds
2.10.3.1 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Sea- and Resting Birds
2.10.3.2 Protection Status
8 Description and Assessment of the Environmental Status
2.10.3.3 Endangerment
2.11 Migratory Birds
2.11.1 Data Basis
2.11.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.11.2.1 Bird Migration in the German Bight
2.11.2.2 Species Composition
2.11.3 State Assessment of Migratory Birds
2.11.3.1 Anthropogenic Impacts on Bird Migration
2.11.3.2 Indirect Losses
2.11.3.3 Climate Change
2.11.3.4 Significance of the Areas and Sites for Migratory Birds
2.12 Bats and Bat Migration
2.12.1 Data Basis
2.12.2 Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability
2.13 Biological Diversity
2.14 Air
2.15 Climate
2.16 Landscape
2.17 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology)
2.18 Human Beings including Human Health
2.19 Interactions between the Objects of Protection
Expected Development in Case of Non-Implementation of the Plan 9
3 Expected Development in Case of Non-Implementation of
the Plan
3.1 Seabed/Area
3.2 Water
3.3 Plankton
3.4 Biotopes
3.5 Benthos
3.6 Fishes
3.7 Marine Mammals
3.8 Sea- and Resting Birds
3.9 Migratory Birds
3.10 Bats and Bat Migration
3.11 Biological Diversity
3.12 Air
3.13 Climate
3.14 Landscape
3.15 Material Assets, Cultural Heritage (Archaeology)
3.16 Human Beings including Human Health
3.17 Interactions between the Objects of Protection
Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant Effects of the Implementation of the Site Development
10
Plan on the Marine Environment
4 Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant
Effects of the Implementation of the Site Development Plan
on the Marine Environment
4.1 Seabed/Areas
4.1.1 Areas and Sites
4.1.2 Platforms
4.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.2 Benthos
4.2.1 Areas and Sites
4.2.2 Platforms
4.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.3 Biotopes
4.3.1 Areas and Sites
4.3.2 Platforms
4.3.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.4 Fishes
4.4.1 Areas and Sites
4.4.2 Platforms
4.4.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.5 Marine Mammals
4.5.1 Areas and Sites
4.5.2 Platforms
4.5.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.6 Sea- and Resting Birds
Description and Assessment of the Likely Significant Effects of the Implementation of the Site 11
Development Plan on the Marine Environment
4.6.1 Areas and Sites
4.6.2 Platforms
4.6.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.7 Migratory Birds
4.7.1 Areas and Sites
4.7.2 Platforms
4.7.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.8 Bats and Bat Migrations
4.8.1 Areas and Sites
4.8.2 Platforms
4.8.3 Offshore Grid Connections
4.9 Climate
4.10 Landscape
4.10.1 Areas and Sites
4.10.2 Platforms
4.11 Interactions
4.12 Cumulative Effects
4.12.1 Seabed/Areas
4.12.2 Benthos
4.12.3 Biotopes
4.12.4 Fishes
4.12.5 Marine Mammals
4.12.6 Sea- and Resting Birds
4.12.7 Migratory Birds
12 Assessment of Species Protection
4.13 Transboundary Impacts
5 Assessment of Species Protection
5.1 Marine Mammals
5.1.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation)
5.1.1.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.1.1.2 Platforms
5.1.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.1.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation)
5.1.2.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.1.2.2 Platforms
5.1.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.2 Avifauna (Sea- and Resting Birds, Migratory Birds)
5.2.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 BNatSchG (Ban on Killing and Violation)
5.2.1.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.2.1.2 Platforms
5.2.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.2.2 § 44 ss. 1 No. 2 BNatSchG (Nondisturbance Obligation)
5.2.2.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.2.2.2 Platforms
5.2.2.3 Offshore Grid Connections
5.3 Bats
5.3.1 § 44 ss. 1 No. 1 and No. 2 BNatSchG
5.3.1.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
5.3.1.2 Platforms
Impact Assessment 13
5.3.1.3 Offshore Grid Connections
6 Impact Assessment
6.1 Legal Basis
6.2 Protection and Conservation Objectives
6.2.1 Nature Conservation Area „Sylter Außenriff - Östliche Deutsche Bucht“
6.2.2 Nature Conservation Area „Borkum Riffgrund“
6.2.3 Nature Conservation Area „Doggerbank“
6.2.4 Natura2000-Areas outside of the German EEZ
6.3 Impact Assessment regarding Areas and Sites
6.4 Impact Assessment regarding Planned Platforms
6.4.1 Platforms in the Areas and Sites
6.4.1.1 Legally Protected Habitats (Long Range Effects)
6.4.1.2 Marine Mammals (Long Range Effects)
6.5 Impact Assessment regarding the Planned Cable Routes
6.5.1 Cable Routes in the Areas and Sites
6.5.1.1 Legally Protected Habitats
6.5.1.2 Marine Mammals /Avifauna
6.5.2 Cross-Border Corridors
6.6 Results of the Impact Assessment
14 Assessment of the Plan
7 Assessment of the Plan
8 Measures to Prevent, Reduce and Offset any Significant
Adverse Environmental Effects of Implementing the Site
Development Plan
8.1 Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
8.2 Platforms
8.3 Offshore Grid Connections (DC- und AC-cable systems)
9 Examined Alternatives
9.1 Zero-Alternative
9.2 Strategic Alternatives
9.3 Spatial Alternatives
9.4 Technical Alternatives
10 Planned Measures concerning Monitoring of Significant
Environmental Effects due to the Implementation of the Site
Development Plan
10.1 Monitoring of Areas and Sites for Offshore Wind Energy
10.2 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Platforms
10.3 Monitoring of Potential Impacts of Seacable Systems
11 Non-Technical Summary
12 References