Kiri

NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 1. ------IND- 2019 0593 P-- EN- ------ 20191224 --- --- PROJET ITED MANUAL Technical Requirements and Specifications for Telecommunications Infrastructure in Buildings 4th edition 2020 Infraestruturas de Telecomunicações em Telecommunications Infrastructure in Edifícios Buildings  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................. 16 2 CHARACTERISATION ......................................................................................................... 20 2.1 REGULATORY CONTEXT ............................................................................................. 20 2.2 LEGAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 20 2.3 CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION .............................................................. 24 2.4 GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................................................... 24 2.4.1 SPECIFICATIONS OF CABLING SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 24 2.4.1.1 COPPER PAIR ................................................................................................................................... 24 2.4.1.2 COAXIAL CABLE ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.1.3 FIBRE OPTIC ..................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE .................................................................................................... 26 2.4.3 ACCOMMODATION OF EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES............................................................. 29 2.5 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TYPES OF BUILDING ........................................................ 32 2.5.1 RESIDENTIAL ............................................................................................................................32 2.5.2 NON-RESIDENTIAL ................................................................................................................... 32 2.5.2.1 OFFICES ............................................................................................................................................ 32 2.5.2.2 COMMERCIAL ................................................................................................................................... 32 2.5.2.3 INDUSTRIAL ...................................................................................................................................... 32 2.5.2.4 SPECIAL ............................................................................................................................................ 33 2.5.2.4.1 WAREHOUSES ............................................................................................................................................. 33 2.5.2.4.2 CAR PARKS .................................................................................................................................................. 33 2.5.2.4.3 SCHOOL BUILDINGS .................................................................................................................................... 33 2.5.2.4.4 HOSPITAL BUILDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 33 2.5.2.4.5 HOMES FOR THE ELDERLY ........................................................................................................................ 33 2.5.2.4.6 CONCERT AND CONFERENCE BUILDINGS ............................................................................................... 33 2.5.2.4.7 HOTELS ........................................................................................................................................................ 33 2.5.2.4.8 SHOPPING CENTRES .................................................................................................................................. 33 2.5.2.4.9 TRANSPORT FACILITIES ............................................................................................................................. 33 2.5.2.4.10 SPORTS AND LEISURE .............................................................................................................................. 34 2.5.2.4.11 MUSEUMS AND EXHIBITION FACILITIES .................................................................................................. 34 2.5.2.4.12 LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES ....................................................................................................................... 34 2.5.2.4.13 OTHER ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 2.5.3 MIXED ........................................................................................................................................ 34 2.5.4 LISTED HERITAGE.................................................................................................................... 34 2.6 ITED BOUNDARIES ....................................................................................................... 34 3 DEVICES AND MATERIALS ................................................................................................ 36 3.1 CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION (CPR).................................................... 36 3.2 CABLING ........................................................................................................................ 36 3.2.1 COPPER PAIR CABLES ............................................................................................................ 36 3.2.1.1 PATCH CORD .................................................................................................................................... 39 3.2.1.2 CONNECTORS .................................................................................................................................. 40 3.2.1.3 POE 40 3.2.1.3.1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION......................................................................................................................... 40 3.2.1.3.2 SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 42 3.2.1.3.3 APPLICATION IN ITED .................................................................................................................................. 43 3.2.2 COAXIAL CABLE ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.2.1 MINIMUM TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................... 44 3.2.2.2 COAXIAL NETWORK DEVICES ........................................................................................................ 45 3.2.2.2.1 HEADEND ..................................................................................................................................................... 45 3.2.2.2.2 AMPLIFIER .................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.2.2.3 COAXIAL DISTRIBUTION FRAMES AND DIVERTERS................................................................................. 46 3.2.2.2.4 COAXIAL SOCKET ........................................................................................................................................ 46 3.2.2.2.5 CONNECTORS.............................................................................................................................................. 47 3.2.2.2.6 CONNECTION ACCESSORIES AND ADAPTERS ........................................................................................ 47 3.2.2.2.7 TERMINAL LOAD .......................................................................................................................................... 47 3.2.2.2.8 MOBILE COMMUNICATION RF FILTERS ..................................................................................................... 47 3.2.2.2.9 SURGE ARRESTER ...................................................................................................................................... 48 3.2.3 FIBRE OPTIC ............................................................................................................................. 49 3.2.3.1 CABLES AND DEVICES .................................................................................................................... 49 3.2.3.2 SAFETY OF FIBRE OPTIC DEVICES ............................................................................................... 52 CONTENTS - ITED4 2  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.2.4 MIXED OR HYBRID CABLES .................................................................................................... 53 3.3 PIPING ........................................................................................................................... 53 3.3.1 MATERIALS COMPRISING THE PIPING ................................................................................. 53 3.3.1.1 PIPING ............................................................................................................................................... 54 3.3.1.2 CABLE TRUNKING ............................................................................................................................ 56 3.3.1.3 CABLE TRAYS ................................................................................................................................... 57 3.3.1.4 BOXES ............................................................................................................................................... 58 3.3.1.4.1 MULTI-OPERATOR MANHOLE - CVM .......................................................................................................... 59 3.3.1.4.2 MULTI-OPERATOR (ACCESS) BOX - CAM .................................................................................................. 60 3.3.1.5 CLOSING DEVICES ........................................................................................................................... 61 3.3.2 SPACES FOR HOUSING EQUIPMENT .................................................................................... 62 3.3.2.1 BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABINET - BTC .................................................................... 62 3.3.2.1.1 DF-CP - COPPER PAIR DISTRIBUTION FRAME .......................................................................................... 64 3.3.2.1.2 DF-CC - COAXIAL CABLE DISTRIBUTION FRAME ...................................................................................... 64 3.3.2.1.3 DF-FO - FIBRE OPTIC DISTRIBUTION FRAME............................................................................................ 65 3.3.2.2 INDIVIDUAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABINET - ITC ................................................................... 65 3.3.2.2.1 COMPOSITION AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE CD-CP .............................................................................. 67 3.3.2.2.2 COMPOSITION AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE CD-CC .............................................................................. 67 3.3.2.2.3 COMPOSITION AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE CD-FO .............................................................................. 67 3.3.2.3 SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION POINT - SDP ........................................................................... 68 3.3.2.4 INDIVIDUAL TRANSITION POINT - ITP ............................................................................................ 68 3.3.2.5 SERVICE CONCENTRATION POINT - SCP ..................................................................................... 69 3.3.2.6 CABLING RACK REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 71 3.3.2.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS ................................................................................................... 71 3.4 S/MATV AERIALS .......................................................................................................... 72 4 PROJECT ............................................................................................................................. 74 4.1 GENERAL PROJECT REGULATIONS ........................................................................... 75 4.1.1 LISTED BUILDINGS................................................................................................................... 75 4.1.2 BUILDINGS WITH TWO OR MORE DWELLINGS DESIGNED AS INDIVIDUAL ..................... 75 4.1.3 PREPARATION OF THE ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT ........................................................... 75 4.1.3.1 PREPARATION PHASES OF THE ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT .................................................... 76 4.1.3.2 ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT ELEMENTS ........................................................................................ 77 4.1.4 PIPING NETWORK PROJECT .................................................................................................. 78 4.1.4.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 78 4.1.4.2 DIAGRAM OF THE PIPING NETWORK ............................................................................................ 79 4.1.4.3 DIMENSIONING OF PIPING AND TRUNKING .................................................................................. 82 4.1.4.4 CABLE TRAYS ................................................................................................................................... 83 4.1.4.5 BOXES ............................................................................................................................................... 83 4.1.4.6 RACKS ............................................................................................................................................... 84 4.1.4.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS ................................................................................................... 84 4.1.4.8 DIMENSIONING OF ITED BOUNDARIES ......................................................................................... 84 4.1.4.8.1 ITED UNDERGROUND BOUNDARY............................................................................................................. 85 4.1.4.8.1.1 Dimensioning of the CVM ..................................................................................................................... 86 4.1.4.8.1.2 Dimensioning of the CAM ..................................................................................................................... 86 4.1.4.8.2 ITED NON-UNDERGROUND BOUNDARY.................................................................................................... 89 4.1.4.8.2.1 Dimensioning of the TAP ...................................................................................................................... 89 4.1.4.8.3 DIMENSIONING OF THE ACCESS PIPING .................................................................................................. 90 4.1.4.8.3.1 Access conduits in aerial layout areas .................................................................................................. 90 4.1.4.8.3.2 Access conduits in areas with a façade layout ...................................................................................... 91 4.1.4.9 COLLECTIVE PIPING NETWORK ..................................................................................................... 94 4.1.4.9.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE RISING MAINS ..................................................................................................... 95 4.1.4.9.2 DIMENSIONING OF THE BTC....................................................................................................................... 95 4.1.4.10 INDIVIDUAL PIPING NETWORK ..................................................................................................... 96 4.1.4.10.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE ITC ...................................................................................................................... 96 4.1.5 CABLING NETWORK PROJECT .............................................................................................. 96 4.1.5.1 GENERAL .......................................................................................................................................... 96 4.1.5.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY ..................................................................................................... 97 4.1.5.3 COPPER PAIR NETWORKS ............................................................................................................. 99 4.1.5.4 COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS........................................................................................................ 100 4.1.5.4.1 INDIVIDUAL COAXIAL CABLE NETWORK ................................................................................................. 102 4.1.5.4.2 COLLECTIVE COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS ............................................................................................. 103 4.1.5.4.3 S/MATV SYSTEM ........................................................................................................................................ 107 4.1.5.4.4 DIMENSIONING OF THE S/MATV SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 108 4.1.5.4.4.1 Dimensioning of the S/MATV Headend .............................................................................................. 109 4.1.5.5 CALCULATION EXAMPLE FOR THE COAXIAL NETWORK .......................................................... 110 4.1.5.6 FIBRE OPTIC NETWORK ................................................................................................................ 113 CONTENTS - ITED4 3  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.2 PROJECT FOR NEW BUILDINGS ............................................................................... 115 4.2.1 RESTRICTED ACCESS ZONE - RAZ ..................................................................................... 115 4.2.2 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ..................................................................................................... 116 4.2.3 OFFICE, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS ..................................... 118 4.2.4 MIXED BUILDINGS .................................................................................................................. 119 4.3 PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS............................................................. 120 4.3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 120 4.3.2 PREPARATION OF AN ITED4A PROJECT ............................................................................ 120 4.3.2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE PIPING NETWORKS OF ITED4A ...................................... 121 4.3.2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE CABLING NETWORKS OF ITED4A ................................... 122 4.3.2.3 PRE-RITA BUILDINGS WITHOUT PIPING OR CABLING ............................................................... 126 4.3.2.3.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 126 4.3.2.4 PRE-RITA BUILDINGS WITH PIPING AND CABLING .................................................................... 127 4.3.2.4.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 127 4.3.2.5 RITA BUILDINGS ............................................................................................................................. 129 4.3.2.5.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 129 4.3.2.6 ITED BUILDINGS ............................................................................................................................. 131 4.3.2.6.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 131 4.3.2.6.2 CABLING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 132 4.3.3 EXTENSION WORK................................................................................................................. 132 4.3.3.1 ADDING DWELLINGS TO A BUILDING .......................................................................................... 132 4.3.3.1.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 132 4.3.3.1.2 CABLING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 132 4.3.3.2 ADDING ROOMS TO A DWELLING ................................................................................................ 132 4.3.3.2.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 132 4.3.3.2.2 CABLING REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................................................................ 133 4.4 SIMPLIFIED TECHNICAL PROJECT ........................................................................... 133 4.4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 133 4.4.1.1 BUILDINGS WITH A COLLECTIVE NETWORK TO BE REDESIGNED .......................................... 134 4.4.1.2 BUILDINGS WITHOUT RISING MAINS ........................................................................................... 134 4.4.1.3 BUILDINGS WITH INSUFFICIENT SPACE IN THE RISING MAINS ............................................... 135 4.4.1.4 BUILDINGS WITHOUT AN INDIVIDUAL PIPING NETWORK ......................................................... 135 4.4.2 ADAPTATION OF PRE-RITA BUILDINGS TO A TECHNOLOGY .......................................... 136 4.4.3 ADAPTATION OF RITA BUILDINGS TO A TECHNOLOGY ................................................... 139 4.4.4 ADAPTATION OF ITED1 BUILDINGS TO A TECHNOLOGY ................................................. 141 4.5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN LIFTS............................................................................. 146 4.5.1 LIFTS IN BUILDINGS ............................................................................................................... 146 5 INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................. 147 5.1 INSTALLATION OF THE PIPING NETWORK .............................................................. 147 5.1.1 INSTALLATION OF CONDUITS - GENERAL RULES ............................................................ 147 5.1.1.1 TAP AND UNDERGROUND CONDUITS ......................................................................................... 148 5.1.1.2 COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL CONDUIT NETWORKS ............................................................... 148 5.1.2 INSTALLATION OF BOXES .................................................................................................... 149 5.1.3 INSTALLATION OF THE CAM ................................................................................................. 150 5.1.4 INSTALLATION OF THE DP - CABINETS AND RACKS ........................................................ 150 5.1.5 INSTALLATION OF OTHER ELEMENTS ................................................................................ 150 5.1.6 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PIPING ......................................................................................... 151 5.2 INSTALLATION OF CABLE NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTION FRAMES................... 151 5.2.1 COPPER PAIR NETWORKS ................................................................................................... 152 5.2.2 COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS ............................................................................................... 153 5.2.2.1 GENERAL RULES ........................................................................................................................... 153 5.2.2.2 INSTALLATION OF S/MATV SYSTEMS .......................................................................................... 154 5.2.3 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE NETWORKS ........................................................................................ 156 5.3 SUPPLY OF CONTRACTED SERVICES ..................................................................... 156 5.4 EXAMPLE OF A PIPING EXTENSION ......................................................................... 161 5.5 TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS................................................................................... 162 5.6 ASSESSMENT OF ITED .............................................................................................. 162 6 TESTS ................................................................................................................................ 163 6.1 COPPER PAIR NETWORKS ........................................................................................ 163 6.1.1 TEST METHOD - CP................................................................................................................ 164 6.1.2 CORRECTIVE MEASURES - CP ............................................................................................ 165 CONTENTS - ITED4 4  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 6.2 COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS .................................................................................... 166 6.2.1 TEST METHOD - COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK ............................................ 167 6.2.2 TEST METHOD - S/MATV .......................................................................................................171 6.2.3 CORRECTIVE MEASURES - CC ............................................................................................ 172 6.2.3.1 COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK .................................................................................. 172 6.2.3.2 S/MATV SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................ 172 6.3 FIBRE OPTIC NETWORKS .......................................................................................... 173 6.3.1 TEST METHOD - FO................................................................................................................ 174 6.3.2 CORRECTIVE MEASURES - FO ............................................................................................ 176 6.4 TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT.................................................................. 178 7 EARTHING AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ........................................................................ 181 7.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE EARTHING SYSTEM........................................................... 181 7.2 ELECTRICAL AND EARTHING SCHEMATIC .............................................................. 182 8 MICE ................................................................................................................................... 185 8.1 MECHANICAL (M) ........................................................................................................ 185 8.2 INGRESS OR PENETRATION (I) ................................................................................. 186 8.3 CLIMATIC AND CHEMICAL (C) ................................................................................... 187 8.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC (E) ............................................................................................ 188 8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CLASSES ...................................................................................... 188 9 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................ 190 INDEX OF FIGURES, TABLES AND FORMULAS 2.1 - Main European Standards applicable to ITED .................................................................................... 21 2.2 - Characterisation of CP classes and categories .................................................................................. 25 2.3 - Specifications of category BCT-C ....................................................................................................... 25 2.4 - Fibre optic categories .......................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 - Network architecture of an ITED building, with a collective network and CVM .................................. 27 2.6 - Network architecture of an ITED building, with a collective network and CAM .................................. 27 2.7 - Network architecture of 1 dwelling, with CVM ..................................................................................... 28 2.8 - Network architecture of 1 dwelling, with CAM ..................................................................................... 28 2.9 - Network architecture of a constructed building, with CAM.................................................................. 29 2.10 - Piping network ................................................................................................................................... 30 2.11 - Places of installation.......................................................................................................................... 31 2.12 - Types of pipes ................................................................................................................................... 32 3.1 - Minimum reaction to fire classes of cables ......................................................................................... 36 3.2 - Standards of the electrical characteristics of Cat.6, 6A, 7 and 7A copper pair cables ....................... 37 3.3 - Mechanical characteristics of Cat. 6 and Cat. 7 copper pair cables ................................................... 37 3.4 - Example of a Category 7 F/FTP cable. ............................................................................................... 38 3.5 - Example of Category 7 U/UTP cable. ................................................................................................. 39 3.6 - Patch cord ........................................................................................................................................... 39 3.7 - Male and female RJ45 connectors ...................................................................................................... 40 3.8 - Source equipment integrated in the switch ......................................................................................... 41 3.9 - Use of PoE injector.............................................................................................................................. 41 3.10 - Examples of PoE equipment: PoE injector for a port and PoE divider ............................................. 42 3.11 - Characteristics of PoE equipment ..................................................................................................... 42 3.12 - PoE power classes ............................................................................................................................43 3.13 - Example of the application of PoE .................................................................................................... 43 3.14 - Minimum technical requirements of coaxial cables........................................................................... 45 3.15 - Example of the design of a coaxial cable .......................................................................................... 45 3.16 - Type F male and female compression connectors ........................................................................... 47 3.17 - Type F accessory and adapter .......................................................................................................... 47 3.18 - Example of an RF filter ...................................................................................................................... 48 3.19 - Response of an amplifier with an integrated filter ............................................................................. 48 3.20 - Example of a surge arrester - 90V .................................................................................................... 49 3.21 - Example of a fibre optic cable for indoors ......................................................................................... 49 CONTENTS - ITED4 5  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.22 - Example of a multi-fibre cable ........................................................................................................... 50 3.23 - Equivalence of fibre optic standards ................................................................................................. 50 3.24 - Example of ITU-T G.657 Fibre .......................................................................................................... 51 3.25 - Attenuation according to minimum radii of curvature ........................................................................ 51 3.26 - Minimum radius of curvature in accordance with the type of fibre .................................................... 51 3.27 - Example of SC/APC - Fibre G.657B3 pre-connectorised cable ....................................................... 52 3.28 - Example of devices with protection (laser jammers)......................................................................... 53 3.29 - Example of telecommunications sockets with optical connectors .................................................... 53 3.30 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in ITED .................................................. 54 3.31 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in underground entries .......................... 54 3.32 - Minimum technical character. of pipes for application in recessed or embedded networks ............. 55 3.33 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in exposed networks ............................. 55 3.34 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in hollow areas ...................................... 56 3.35 - Minimum technical characteristics of cable trunking ......................................................................... 56 3.36 - Examples of trunking ......................................................................................................................... 57 3.37 - Minimum technical characteristics of cable trays .............................................................................. 57 3.38 - Cable trays and cable pass with fire break ....................................................................................... 58 3.39 - Minimum requirements of boxes of the piping network..................................................................... 58 3.40 - Minimum requirements of boxes of the piping network..................................................................... 58 3.41 - Examples of mounting boxes ............................................................................................................ 59 3.42 - Example of a pull box to the individual network ................................................................................ 59 3.43 - Examples of manhole (CVM) covers ................................................................................................. 60 3.44 - Test force applicable to CVM covers ................................................................................................ 60 3.45 – Example of a CAM............................................................................................................................61 3.46 - BTC with Distribution Frame secondaries ......................................................................................... 63 3.47 - Example of a DF-CP secondary ........................................................................................................ 64 3.48 - Example of a DF-CC secondary ....................................................................................................... 64 3.49 - Example of a DF-FO secondary (individual cables).......................................................................... 65 3.50 – Example of DF secondaries ............................................................................................................. 65 3.51 - Two possible configurations for an ITC - single box and separate boxes ........................................ 67 3.52 - Example of an ITC - Rack ................................................................................................................. 67 3.53 - Example of an ITP ............................................................................................................................. 68 3.54 - Examples of SCP with and without a signal splitter .......................................................................... 70 3.55 - Examples of modules comprising an SCP ........................................................................................ 70 3.56 - Wall rack and ventilation system ....................................................................................................... 71 3.57 - Types and dimensions of telecommunications rooms ...................................................................... 72 3.58 - Degrees of complexity of buildings ................................................................................................... 72 4.1 - Application of ITED project rules ......................................................................................................... 75 4.2 - Collective and individual piping network of an ITED building ............................................................. 80 4.3 - Individual piping network in a single-family house .............................................................................. 81 4.4 - Calculation of the minimum diameter of the pipe ................................................................................ 82 4.5 - Calculation of the minimum useful section of the trunking compartment............................................ 82 4.6 - Equivalence between diameters and sections .................................................................................... 83 4.7 - ITED piping network boundaries ......................................................................................................... 84 4.8 - Dimensioning of interconnections ....................................................................................................... 85 4.9 - Example of the installation of a CAM .................................................................................................. 87 4.10 - CAM with opening to the outside of the property .............................................................................. 88 4.11 - CAM with opening into the property .................................................................................................. 89 4.12 - Dimensioning of the TAP .................................................................................................................. 90 4.13 - Transition from aerial to underground layout .................................................................................... 91 4.14 - Transition from façade to underground layout .................................................................................. 92 4.15 - Façade cables housed in trunking .................................................................................................... 93 4.16 - Transition from façade to underground embedded layout ................................................................ 94 4.17 - Minimum dimension of the BTC ........................................................................................................ 96 4.18 - Distance to be ensured ..................................................................................................................... 97 4.19 - Separation between power cables and telecommunications cables ................................................ 98 4.20 - Factor resulting from the effect of electrical cabling .......................................................................... 98 4.21 - Example of a collective and individual copper pair network ............................................................. 99 4.22 - Example of a collective and individual coaxial cable network ......................................................... 100 CONTENTS - ITED4 6  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.23 - Attenuation and slope limit values ................................................................................................... 101 4.24 - Formula for the attenuation of a permanent connection ................................................................. 101 4.25 - Formula for the slope of a permanent connection .......................................................................... 102 4.26 - Attenuation for a connection of the individual network.................................................................... 102 4.27 - Coaxial cable collective networks - ICS .......................................................................................... 104 4.28 - Coaxial cable collective networks - ICS .......................................................................................... 105 4.29 - Coaxial cable collective network – SCS .......................................................................................... 106 4.30 - Attenuation for a collective network connection .............................................................................. 107 4.31 - Constituent elements of an S/MATV network ................................................................................. 108 4.32 - Signal levels in TS ........................................................................................................................... 109 4.33 - Attenuation between the exit of the HE and the TS ........................................................................ 109 4.34 - Signal levels at HE output ............................................................................................................... 110 4.35 - Attenuation values for the specifications of cables and devices ..................................................... 110 4.36 - Calculation of the attenuation and slope of perm. connections of the ind. network ........................ 111 4.37 - Calculation of the attenuation and slope of perm. connections of the coll. network ....................... 111 4.38 - Attenuations of the connections of the individual network and resp. sockets (+F) and (-F) ........... 112 4.39 - Calculation to determine the limits of the signal level in the HE ..................................................... 112 4.40 - Example of the dimensioning of the HE .......................................................................................... 113 4.41 - Composition of a FO network .......................................................................................................... 113 4.42 - Attenuation of the permanent connection ....................................................................................... 114 4.43 - Point of this manual to be consulted for each type of new building to be dimensioned ................. 115 4.44 - Example of a RAZ ........................................................................................................................... 116 4.45 - Use of a RAZ ................................................................................................................................... 116 4.46 - Cable networks in new residential buildings ................................................................................... 117 4.47 - Piping network in new residential buildings .................................................................................... 118 4.48 - Cable networks in new office, commercial, industrial and special buildings ................................... 118 4.49 - Piping networks in new office, commercial, industrial and special buildings .................................. 119 4.50 - Cable networks in new mixed buildings, with residential and non-residential dwellings ................ 119 4.51 - Piping network in new mixed buildings, with residential and non-residential dwellings.................. 120 4.52 - Application of the ITED4a to a constructed residential building, with a collective network............. 122 4.53 - Application of the SCP in a house................................................................................................... 123 4.54 - Example of the installation of an ITP and an SCP .......................................................................... 124 4.55 - Application of the ITED4a technical regulations to constructed residential buildings ..................... 124 4.56 - ITED4a Project – piping network requirements .............................................................................. 125 4.57 - ITED4a Project for cabling networks ............................................................................................... 126 4.58 - Examples for the piping network – ITED4a ..................................................................................... 127 4.59 - Example for a piping network – ITED4a.......................................................................................... 129 4.60 - Example for the piping network .......................................................................................................131 4.61 - ITED Project for extension work ...................................................................................................... 133 4.62 - Simplified technical project of constructed buildings.......................................................................136 4.63 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to CP technology ........................................................................ 137 4.64 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to CC technology .......................................................................138 4.65 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to FO technology ........................................................................ 139 4.66 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to CP technology .............................................................................. 139 4.67 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to CC technology .............................................................................. 140 4.68 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to FO technology .............................................................................. 140 4.69 - Adaptation of an ITED1 building to PC technology ......................................................................... 141 4.70 - Adaptation of ITED1 buildings to CC technology ............................................................................ 142 4.71 - Adaptation of ITED1 buildings to FO technology ............................................................................ 143 4.72 - Division of the DF-FO in the BTC boxes ......................................................................................... 143 4.73 - Installation of the DF-FO in the upper BTC ..................................................................................... 144 4.74 - Installation of the DF-FO in the lower BTC, division of the 2nd operator primary ............................ 145 4.75 - Installation of DF-FO in a cable input box ....................................................................................... 146 5.1 - TAP pipe ............................................................................................................................................ 148 5.2 - Minimum distances of pipes to sides of boxes and between each other .......................................... 149 5.3 - Methods A and B of copper pair connections ................................................................................... 152 5.4 - Example of tools for connections and terminations of copper pairs ................................................. 153 5.5 - Example of tools for the preparation and terminations of coaxial systems .......................................155 5.6 - Example of a layout for the installation of aerials .............................................................................. 155 CONTENTS - ITED4 7  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5.7 - Example of an ADSL and DTT installation ........................................................................................ 157 5.8 - Example of an ADSL, Satellite and DTT installation ......................................................................... 158 5.9 - Example of a CATV and DTT installation.......................................................................................... 159 5.10 - Example of an installation of fibre optic cables and DTT TV/R SAT ............................................... 160 5.11 - Example of a piping extension ........................................................................................................ 161 6.1 - Mandatory tests in CP networks .......................................................................................................164 6.2 - Example of a test between CD-CP and a TS .................................................................................... 164 6.3 - Possible causes for failures in CP tests ............................................................................................ 166 6.4 - Mandatory tests in coaxial networks ................................................................................................. 166 6.5 - Mandatory tests in S/MATV systems ................................................................................................ 167 6.6 - Reference measurement ................................................................................................................... 167 6.7 - Limit attenation and slope values ...................................................................................................... 168 6.8 - House, with generator connected to the CD-CC of the ITC .............................................................. 168 6.9 - Limit attenuation and slope values .................................................................................................... 169 6.10 - Estimated operational zone ............................................................................................................. 170 6.11 - Values measured in the TS ............................................................................................................. 171 6.12 - Signal level and MER limit values ................................................................................................... 172 6.13 - Values measured at the input of the HE ......................................................................................... 172 6.14 - Mandatory tests in fibre optic networks ........................................................................................... 174 6.15 - Reference measurement ................................................................................................................. 174 6.16 - Fibre optic permanent connection test ............................................................................................ 175 6.17 - Attenuation value limits ................................................................................................................... 176 6.18 - Corrective measures in fibre optic cables ....................................................................................... 177 6.19 - Test to determine failures in the connection ................................................................................... 177 6.20 - Result of the reflectometry test .......................................................................................................178 6.21 - Test equipment................................................................................................................................ 180 7.1 - Example of an electrical and earthing schematic .............................................................................. 183 8.1 - Environmental characterisation for levels of mechanical harshness ................................................ 185 8.2 - Environmental characterisation for levels of mech. harshness - connection elements .................... 186 8.3 - Environmental characterisation for levels of harshness for the ingress of liquids ............................ 186 8.4 - Protection grades .............................................................................................................................. 187 8.5 - Environmental characterisation for levels of climatic harshness ...................................................... 188 8.6 - Environmental characterisation for levels of electromagnetic harshness ......................................... 188 8.7 - Environmental classes for cabling systems ...................................................................................... 189 CONTENTS - ITED4 8  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 1 INTRODUCTION The 4th edition of the ITED Manual contains a set of technical regulations considered as the minimum, adapting the standard to the development of the sector in the last five years. Taking European standardisation as the basis, it applies to all telecommunications infrastructure in buildings, whether new or subject to alteration. This ITED Manual was prepared with the aim of including innovative solutions, on the basis of recent technological developments, to achieve simplification and the reduction of costs of ITED, without compromising their quality, functionality and safety. It also sought to clarify a number of technical solutions, making it easier to understand, with schematics representative of their application. In the preparation of the rules set out in this manual, account was taken of a number of needs felt by the infrastructure market over the past few years, and the preparation for emerging technologies. In addition to the technical regulations, which are the mandatory minimum, recommendations are occasionally and duly identified that include a set of procedures identified as good practices, which, although not binding, aim to enable designers and installers to find better solutions for the project and installation. 1.1 DEFINITIONS 4G: fourth generation mobile communications. 5G: fifth generation mobile communications. ACR: attenuation to crosstalk ratio. ACR-N (Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the near-end): a parameter that determines the interference produced by a signal which propagates through one of the copper pairs of a cable, on each of the remaining pairs. ACR-F (Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the far-end): a parameter that consists of the measurement (in dB) of the difference between FEXT (“Far End Cross Talk”) and the attenuation of a copper pair. AMPLIFIER: a device for raising the signal level received at its input. ANGLE OF CURVATURE OF A PIPE: supplementary angle to the bending angle. BENDING ANGLE OF A PIPE: the angle measured between the axis of the pipe before bending and the axis of the pipe after bending, measured along the axis of the bending force. AERIAL: a device for receiving/emitting wireless telecommunications which ensures the radiation or reception of electromagnetic waves. BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABINET (BTC): a restricted access device where general distribution frames are housed which enable the interconnection between the networks of the building and the networks of electronic communications companies, or from the telecommunications infrastructure in housing estates, developments and building complexes (ITUR). INDIVIDUAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABINET (ITC): a Distribution Point (DP) in the individual network, where Client Distribution Frames (CD) are housed. This element enables the management of telecommunications in the dwellings. GLOSSARY - ITED4 9  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY NETWORK ARCHITECTURE: the layout of a telecommunications network, defined as the set of specifications of physical components of a network, its organisation and functional configuration. ATTENUATION: the same as insertion loss. PROPAGATION DELAY (Propagation Delay): the parameter measuring the time it takes a signal to pass through a cable. DELAY SKEW (Delay Skew): the parameter measuring the difference in propagation delay between pairs of the same cable. ITED PRIMARY EARTH BUSBAR (PEB): surface of conductive material, connecting earth protection and service circuits of the ITED. RACK: a cabinet with a door secured by a lock and key, with easily referenced modular features, that allows the housing of devices and the management of telecommunications. HEADEND (HE): equipment connected between reception aerials or other signal sources and the rest of the cabling network, to process the signals to be distributed. CABLING: general term to designate cable networks. MOUNTING BOX: a box designed to house telecommunications sockets. TERMINAL BOX (TB): a pull box without devices, with restricted access, to connect incoming cables to the building’s cables, facilitating handling of the cables. PULL BOX (PB): a box designed to facilitate the threading of cables. It may be part of the collective or individual piping network of ITED. CABLE TROUGH: a space for housing cables, located on the floor or ground, ventilated or sealed, with dimensions that do not allow for the movement of persons, but in which the cables installed are accessible at all points in its trajectory, during and after installation. TRUNKING: a sealed enclosure consisting of a base with a removable lid, one or more compartments, designed to protect individual conduits, cables or the housing of electrical or telecommunications equipment. In compartmentalised trunking, each compartment is equivalent to a conduit. MAINS BOX: a pull box of cables of the rising mains, which enables the branching of cables to the dwellings of the building. MULTI-OPERATOR (ACCESS) BOX (CAM): a compartment giving access to underground cabling, installed in buildings for their exclusive use, through which it is possible to make the underground connection to the operator’s networks. MULTI-OPERATOR MANHOLE (CVM): a compartment giving access to underground cabling, installed outside buildings, through which it is possible to make the underground connection to the operator’s networks. CABLE TRAY (TROUGH): a cable support system, composed of a continuous base and flaps, but without a lid, which may be perforated or mesh. ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS: the characteristics of the construction product corresponding to the basic construction works requirements. PATCH CORD: a cable used to connect terminal telecommunications equipment to a telecommunications socket (TS). INTERCONNECTION PATCH CORD: a cable used for connections in connection panels. REACTION-TO-FIRE PERFORMANCE CLASS (or simply CLASS): a range of levels, delimited by a minimum and maximum value, of the reaction to fire performance of a construction product. CONNECTION CLASS: classification of cabling, in accordance with EN 50173. GLOSSARY - ITED4 10  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY CLIENT: a natural or legal person using or requesting a publicly available electronic communications service. The end-user does not provide public communications networks or electronic communications services. RISING MAINS (RM): piping that is part of the collective network developed along the building, from which connections to each dwelling stem. CONDUIT: a pipe or set of pipes, generally underground, or arranged along communication routes, which support, house and protect other pipes (sub-conduits) or electronic communications cables. Trunking is deemed to be a conduit. PROTECTIVE/EARTHING CONDUCTOR: a conductor prescribed in certain protection measures against electric shock and designed to electrically connect masses, conductor elements, the primary earthing terminal, earth electrode and supply point connected to the ground or to an artificial neutral point. CONTINUITY: a test to verify electrical continuity in conductors and to detect short circuits or open circuits, switched or inverted pairs. SERVICE CAVITY: a hollow construction cavity (vertical or horizontal) for the passage of piping. COST: the monetary expression of the resources consumed in the infrastructure installation. DIVERTER: a device that makes it possible to use one part of the signal travelling on a transmission circuit, over one or several by-passes. SURGER ARRESTER (SA): a protection device against discharges of excess voltage from the aerial system. PERFORMANCE OF A CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT: the performance related to the relevant essential characteristics of the product, expressed by Class, in the case of the reaction to fire of cables. WIRE MAP: mapping that enables the correct connection to be checked of each conductor (wire), of a copper pair cable used in a connection. EXTERNAL DIAMETER: equivalent to trade diameter. DISTRIBUTION DEVICE (DD): the generic term given to a distribution frame, diverter or to the set comprised of the interconnection of both. TRANSITION DEVICE: a passive device for connecting cables belonging to different networks. TERMINAL DEVICE: a passive device of the client’s individual installation, where any telecommunications equipment/device can be connected. PROJECT OWNER: a natural or legal person on whose behalf the project is carried out. EARTH ELECTRODE: a conducting body or group of conducting bodies in close contact with the ground, ensuring an electrical connection to the latter. UNDERGROUND ENTRY (UE): cables which are below ground level when they enter a building. ACTIVE EQUIPMENT: telecommunications equipment which requires an electrical power supply to operate. Examples of this equipment include modems, routers, switches, hubs, gateways and set-top boxes. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TERMINAL EQUIPMENT: any product or relevant component thereof enabling communication or which is designed to be connected directly or indirectly, by any means whatsoever, to interfaces of public telecommunications networks. HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: harmonised standards and European assessment documents. TROUGH: the same as a cable tray. GLOSSARY - ITED4 11  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ECCENTRICITY: deformation of the piping after bending, expressed as the deviation of the axes of the external and internal section of the piping. LOCK: a device which enables locking with a combination, characterised by having a metal lock which is accessed with a key with an access code. Electronic locks are also included in this definition. LATCH: a device characterised by having an opening and closing mechanism, which may be plastic or metallic, which is accessed with a key without an access code. Spring, pressure or screw devices are also included in this definition. RF FILTER: a passive device enabling the filtering of mobile communication technology signals, in particular LTE (Long-term Evolution) (4G). Installed next to aerials, it enables the correct reception of DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television) signals. DWELLING: the portion of a building that forms an independent unit, whether or not the building was established under the horizontal property regime. GALLERY: compartment or corridor, containing conduits or other suitable elements for the passage and connection of cables and whose dimensions allow people to circulate freely. GAIN: the ratio, expressed in dB, between input and output power in a device or system. INCLINATION OF A PIPE: the ratio, expressed as a percentage, between the highest and lowest points of the vertical axis of a pipe and the projection of the same points, as an absolute value, on the horizontal. EXPOSED INSTALLATION: elements in a piping network which are not incorporated in the construction elements of the building but are joined to the latter via the use of suitable fixing accessories. EMBEDDED INSTALLATION: elements of a piping network which are fully incorporated in the construction of the building and to which access is not possible without the destruction of the construction material. RECESSED INSTALLATION: elements of a piping network which are incorporated in the construction of the building but are generally accessible via a covered opening. TEMPORARY INSTALLATION: an installation designed to provide connectivity to the public network for a limited period, where installation of the respective ITED is either not possible or unnecessary. INSTALLER: a natural person qualified to carry out the installation and alteration of telecommunications infrastructure, in accordance with the projects, and to carry out conservation works to the latter in housing estates, developments, building complexes and buildings and, in accordance with DL123. ITED3a: the technical specifications in ITED3, which are specific to already constructed residential buildings, and which are altered. ITED4a: the technical specifications in ITED4, which are specific to already constructed residential buildings, and which are altered. TESTING INTERFACE: point in the cabling system where the test equipment is connected for tests to be conducted. ITU-T (Telecommunication Standardization Sector): ITU (International Telecommunication Union) Sector dedicated to the standardisation of telecommunications. DOWNSTREAM: in the direction of the telecommunications user. EARTHING: a set of one or more interconnected earth electrodes and the corresponding protective and earthing conductors. GLOSSARY - ITED4 12  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY PERMANENT LINK: a transmission medium between two test interfaces of a cabling system, including connectors or telecommunications sockets of those interfaces. AREA NOT OPEN TO THE PUBLIC: a reserved area, with restrictions to the access and movement or length of stay of persons. AREA OPEN TO THE PUBLIC: an area open to the movement of persons, without restrictions or access limitations. UPSTREAM: in the direction of the telecommunications service operator. NEXT (Near End Crosstalk): a parameter that determines the interference produced by a signal that propagates, between pairs of wires on the same end of the same cable. SIGNAL LEVEL: the strength of the signal. HARMONISED STANDARD: a standard approved by one of the European Standardisation bodies listed in Annex I to Directive 98/34/EC, on the basis of a request issue by the Commission, in accordance with Article 6 of that Directive. WORKS: construction, reconstruction, extension, alteration, repair, conservation, restoration, adaptation and improvement of buildings, and the infrastructure covered by DL123. OVALISATION: the ratio between the axes of the ellipse resulting from the deformation of the section of piping when incorrectly bent. PATCH PANEL: a device designed for grouping and interconnecting equipment or sockets via interconnection patch cords. TOP AERIAL PASSAGE (TAP): piping which enables the passage of cables for connection to aerials. INSERTION LOSS: a parameter designed to measure the loss of signal power during its propagation over a cable or in passive devices. Insertion loss replaced attenuation in normative documents. RETURN LOSS: a parameter designed to measure the loss of signal power caused by reflection/return due to impedance mismatch or optical decoupling in a connection. SERVICE CONCENTRATION POINT (SCP): a device to be installed in constructed residential buildings, as an element of the individual network and centralisation of cables, operating as a connection point and allowing the distribution of signals among the various areas. DISTRIBUTION POINT (DP): a generic term for a suitable place for the installation of devices and equipment necessary for establishing connections, facilitating changes to the routing of signals. SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION POINT (SDP): a Distribution Point - DP without general distribution frames or client distribution frames. INDIVIDUAL TRANSITION POINT (ITP): A distribution point to be installed in constructed buildings, as an interconnection element between the cables from the collective or operator network, and the cables that are directed to the client. CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT: a product manufactured and placed on the market for incorporation in a permanent manner in construction works or parts thereof, the performance of which has an effect on the performance of construction works with respect to their basic requirements. DESIGNER: a natural person qualified to prepare projects for installation and alteration of telecommunications infrastructure in housing estates, developments, building complexes and buildings, in accordance with DL123. SIMPLIFIED TECHNICAL PROJECT: a technical project, under ITUR or ITED, that concerns only the technology intended to be installed. GLOSSARY - ITED4 13  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY PSACR-N (Power Sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the near-end): a parameter measuring (in dB) the power sum of the ACR of other pairs received in a particular pair. This term replaced PSACR. PSACR-F (Power Sum Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the far-end): a parameter measuring (in dB) the power sum of the differences between FEXT and attenuation on the various pairs received on a particular copper pair. This term replaced PSELFEXT. PSNEXT (Power Sum Near End Crosstalk): a parameter which measures the interference produced by the signal which propagates on a pair over the remaining pairs of a cable. CURVATURE RADIUS: the radius of an arc of the circumference superimposed on the arc of the piping axis, corresponding to an angle with sides perpendicular to the straight sections of the piping adjacent to the curve. COLLECTIVE PIPING NETWORK: a network of piping limited upstream by the Multi-Operator Manhole (CVM) or by the Multi-Operator (Access) Box (CAM) (inclusive) and which ends in the ITC (exclusive). PIPING NETWORK OR PIPING: a set of pipes, trunking, cable trays, boxes and cabinets for the passage of cables and housing of devices and equipment. INDIVIDUAL CABLE NETWORK: the cable network of a dwelling. INDIVIDUAL PIPING NETWORK: a piping network limited upstream by the ITC (inclusive), or BTC in the case of non-residential dwellings and terminating in the mounting boxes serving the dwelling. In the case of buildings with just 1 dwelling, this network is limited upstream by the CVM or CAM (inclusive). CABLE NETWORKS OR CABLING: a set of telecommunications cables and respective connection devices, which as a whole form a network or system. TECHNICAL REGULATIONS: the set of regulatory principles of a process, designed to achieve results considered useful for a decision or action of a technical nature. DISTRIBUTION FRAME (DF): a device which divides the strength of the input signal by various outputs. COAXIAL CABLE CLIENT DISTRIBUTION FRAME (CD-CC): a device which interconnects the coaxial cables of the collective network, of the different operators, or ITUR, to the individual coaxial cable distribution network of the dwelling. FIBRE OPTIC CLIENT DISTRIBUTION FRAME (CD-FO): a device which interconnects the fibre optic cables of the collective network, of different operators, or ITUR, to the individual fibre optic cable distribution network of the dwelling. COPPER PAIR CLIENT DISTRIBUTION FRAME (CD-CP): a device which interconnects the copper pair cables of the collective network, of the different operators, or ITUR, to the individual copper pair cable distribution network of the dwelling. COAXIAL CABLE DISTRIBUTION FRAME (DF-CC): a device which interconnects the coaxial cables of different operators, or ITUR, to the building’s collective coaxial cable distribution network. GENERAL BUILDING DISTRIBUTION FRAME (GDF): a RITA device, with similar functions to the current Copper Pair Distribution Frame (DF-CP). FIBRE OPTIC DISTRIBUTION FRAME (DF-FO): a device which interconnects the fibre optic cables of the different operators, or ITUR, to the building’s collective fibre optic cable distribution network. COPPER PAIR DISTRIBUTION FRAME (DF-CP): a device which interconnects the copper pair cables of the different operators, or ITUR, to the building’s collective copper pair cable distribution network. GLOSSARY - ITED4 14  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: the particular conditions with which a given infrastructure must comply if the desired function is to be implemented. LOOP RESISTANCE: a parameter that measures the combined resistance of a copper pair, through a short-circuit, or simulation, on the ends. EARTHING RESISTANCE: the value of the electrical resistance between an earthing electrode and an auxiliary earthing electrode, sufficiently apart from each other so that when a current flows through the earthing electrode, the power of the auxiliary earthing electrode is not substantially changed. TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM: a telecommunications compartment which is secured by a door with a lock and key, suitable for housing equipment and establishing interconnections, which is large enough for people to occupy. CATV SYSTEM: a collective system for signal reception and distribution from cable television operators. MATV SYSTEM (Type A): a collective system which captures, receives, equalises, amplifies and distributes terrestrial broadcasting radio frequency signals. Used in the reception of terrestrial DTT signals. S/MATV SYSTEM: the generic term to describe a coaxial system, that may be either MATV or SMATV. SMATV SYSTEM (Type B): a collective system which captures, receives, equalises, amplifies and distributes satellite broadcasting radio frequency signals. Used in the reception of DTT signals by satellite. CABLING SYSTEMS: the same as cable networks or cabling. SLOPE: the difference in gain or attenuation at two frequencies between any two points in a system. COVER: a sealing element of piping networks designed to prevent or safeguard access to the respective cable networks. They are normally used in manholes, boxes and trunking. MAIN EARTHING TERMINAL (MET): a terminal or bar provided to connect to the earth connection devices of the protection conductors, including equipotential conductors and, possibly, conductors that ensure a functional earth connection. TELECOMMUNICATIONS SOCKET (TS): a device which enables the connection of telecommunications equipment. OPTICAL OUTLET: a device which connects the client’s terminal equipment to the fibre optic network. SECTION OF PIPE: a set of cable conductor systems that connect two elements of the piping network. ACCESS PIPE: an element of a piping network which enables the passage of operator cables, to the point where the ITED cabling network begins. PIPE: a circular cross-section conduit used for the installation of cables, which are inserted by threading. CORRUGATED PIPE: a pipe whose longitudinal section is not uniform. FLEXIBLE PIPE: a pipe which can be easily bent by hand and is suitable for frequent bending. MALLEABLE PIPE: a pipe which, although it can be bent by hand using reasonable force, is unsuitable for frequent bending. RIGID PIPE: a pipe which cannot be bent, or which can only be bent using an appropriate mechanical device. GLOSSARY - ITED4 15  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY USER: The same as client. RESTRICTED ACCESS ZONE (RAZ): The point of installation of TS in a dwelling, where various copper pair, coaxial cable and fibre optic cables terminate. 1.2 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 4G: 4th generation mobile communications. 5G: 5th generation mobile communications. ACR: Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio. ACR-N: “Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the near-end”. ACR-F: “Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the far-end”. ANACOM: National Communications Authority. ATE (BTC): Building Telecommunications Cabinet. ATI (ITC): Individual Telecommunications Cabinet. BGT (PEB): ITED Primary Earth Busbar. BPA (PSA): Private Subscriber Block. CAM: Multi-operator (Access) Box CATV: Community Antenna Television. Cable Television. CBER: Channel Bit Error Ratio. CC: Coaxial cable. CM (RM): Rising Mains CM-CC (RM-CC): Coaxial Cable Rising Mains. CM-FO (RM-FO): Fibre Optic Rising Mains. CM-PC (RM-CP): Copper Pair Rising Mains. CP (PB): Pull Box. CIPM: International Committee for Weights and Measures. CR (HE): Headend. CVM: Multi-Operator Manhole. DC: Direct Current. DCLR: Direct Current Loop Resistance. DMS: Degrees, Minutes and Seconds. DR: Distribution Device. DST (SA): Surge Arrester. EA: European Accreditation Cooperation. ELFEXT: Equal Level Far End Crosstalk Loss. EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility. EN: European Standard. EPI (PPE): Personal Protective Equipment. GLOSSARY - ITED4 16  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY (+F): Most favourable socket of the dwelling. (-F): Least favourable socket of the dwelling. (++F): Most favourable socket of the building. (--F): Least favourable socket of the building. FEC: Forward Error Correction. FM: Frequency Modulation. FO: Fibre Optic. FTP: Foiled Twisted Pair. GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System. HFC: Hybrid Fibre Coaxial. ID (DI): Designated Institutes. IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. ILAC: International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation. IP: Internet Protocol. IPxx: Ingress Protection. IPAC: Instituto Português de Acreditação [Portuguese Accreditation Institute] ITED: Telecommunications Infrastructure in Buildings. ITED1: 1st edition of the ITED Manual. ITED2: 2nd edition of the ITED Manual. ITED3: 3rd edition of the ITED Manual. ITED3a: ITED3 (adapted). ITED4: 4th edition of the ITED Manual. ITED4a: ITED4 (adapted). ITUR: Telecommunications Infrastructure in Housing Estates, Developments and Building Complexes. ITU-T: Telecommunication Standardization Sector. LEA (AEL): Accessible Emission Limit. LNB: Low Noise Block Converter. LNM (NML): National Metrology Laboratories. LTE: Long Term Evolution. Associated with 4G. MATV: Master Antenna Television. MER: Modulation Error Ratio. MICE: Mechanical, Ingress, Climatic/Chemical, Environmental. Environmental conditions. MRA: Mutual Recognition Agreement. N/A: Not applicable. NEXT: Near-End crosstalk loss. NVP: Nominal Velocity Propagation. GLOSSARY - ITED4 17  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ONT: Optical Network Termination. OTDR: Optical Time Domain Reflectometer. PAT (TAP): Top Aerial Passage. PC (CP): Copper pair. PCS (SCP): Service Concentration Point. PD (DP): Distribution Point. PDS (SDP): Supplementary Distribution Point. PER: Packet Error Ratio. PoE: Power over Ethernet. PSACR: Power Sum Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio. PSACR-N: Power Sum attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the near-end. PSACR-F Power Sum Attenuation to crosstalk ratio at the far-end. PSELFEXT: Power Sum Equal Level Far End Crosstalk Loss. PSK: Phase Shift Keying. PSNEXT: Power Sum Near End Crosstalk Loss. PTI (ITP): Individual Transition Point. QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. QE (EP): Electrical Panel. QSC (CSP): Common Services Panel. RC (CD): Client Distribution Frame. RC-CC (CD-CC): Coaxial Cable Client Distribution Frame. RC-FO (CD-FO): Fibre Optic Client Distribution Frame. RC-PC (CD-CP): Copper Pair Client Distribution Frame. REF (FTR): Functional Test Report. RF: Radio Frequency. RG (DF): Distribution Frame. RG-CC (DF-CC): Coaxial Cable Distribution Frame. RGE (GDF): General Building Distribution Frame (RITA). RG-FO (DF-FO): Fibre Optic Distribution Frame. RG-PC (DF-CP): Copper Pair Distribution Frame. RITA: Regulations on Subscriber Telephone Installations. RPC (CPR): Construction Products Regulation. RTIEBT (TRLVEI): Technical Regulations on Low Voltage Electrical Installations. SC/APC: Subscriber Connector/Angled Physical Contact. SCI (ICS): Independent Coaxial System. SCU (SCS): Single Coaxial System. SFTP: Screened Foiled Twisted Pair. GLOSSARY - ITED4 18  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY SMATV: Satellite Master Antenna Television. S/MATV: Satellite Master Antenna Television/Master Antenna Television. SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio. STP: Shielded Twisted Pair. TCD (BCT): Broadcast Communication Technologies. From BCT (Broadcast and Communication Technologies). TCD-C (BCT-C): Coaxial Cable Broadcast and Communication Technologies. From BCT-C (Digital Video Broadcast, cabled). TDT (DTT): Digital Terrestrial Television. TM (MS): Mixed Socket. TPT (MET): Main Earthing Terminal. TT (TS): Telecommunications Socket. TV: Television. UHF: Ultra High Frequency. UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair. VBER: Viterbi Bit Error Ratio. ZAP (RAZ): Restricted Access Zone. GLOSSARY - ITED4 19  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 2 CHARACTERISATION The 4th edition of the ITED Manual is based on an update of the technical regulations in light of applicable European Standards, rationalising costs and greater adaptation to the Portuguese technical reality. The technical requirements and specifications set out in this ITED Manual, ITED4, lay down minimum requirements, and do not prejudice the acceptance of equipment, materials and devices that comply with requirements equal to or higher than those laid down herein, under the principle of mutual recognition, in particular by the procedures provided for in Regulation (EU) 2019/515 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2019, or equivalent specifications or standards. 2.1 REGULATORY CONTEXT This ITED Manual is set out in accordance with Decree-Law No 123/2009 of 21 May 2009, as amended by Decree-Law No 92/2017 of 31 July 2017, hereinafter referred to in simplified form, as DL123. 2.2 LEGAL CONTEXT The European Standards take into consideration the existence of various stages: a) Planning - general cabling requirements applicable to the various types of buildings (EN 50173 series); b) Project - cabling, piping, quality, operation, maintenance and associated documentation (EN 50174-1); c) Installation - requirements (EN 50174-2); d) Operation - maintaining connectivity and transmission requirements (EN 50174-1); e) Tests - testing of installed cabling (EN 50346); f) Earthing - connection requirements and associated systems (EN 50310). Figure 2.1 illustrates the relationships between the above mentioned European Standards, considered to be the most important in the implementation of the ITED. GLOSSARY - ITED4 20  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 2.1 - Main European Standards applicable to ITED EN 50173-1: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50173-1: Information technology - General requisitos gerais de cablagem cabling requirements EN 50173-2: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50173-2: Information technology - Generic cablagem em empresas e escritórios cabling systems - Office spaces EN 50173-3: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50173-3: Information technology – Generic cablagem em zonas industriais cabling systems - Industrial spaces GLOSSARY - ITED4 21  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY EN 50173-4: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50173-4: Information technology - Generic cablagem em habitações cabling systems - Homes EN 50173-5: Tecnologia de informação ‫־‬ EN 50173-5: Information technology – Generic cablagem em centros de dados cabling systems - Data centre spaces EN 50173-6: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50173-6: Information technology – Generic suporte aos sistemas existentes cabling systems - Support to existing systems CLC/TR 50173-99-1: Cablagem de suporte a CLC/TR 50173-99-1: Cabling guidelines in 10 GBASE-T support of 10 GBASE-T CLC/TR 50173-99-2: Tecnologia de CLC/TR 50173-99-2: Information technology - informação - Implementação de sist. de BCT, Implementation of BCT systems, in de acordo com a EN 50173-4 accordance with EN 50173-4 CLC/TR 50173-99-3: Tecnologia de CLC/TR 50173-99-3: Information technology - informação - Implementação de sistemas em Implementation of systems in residential edifícios residenciais buildings EN 50174-1: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50174-1: Information technology - Cabling instalação de cablagem ‫ ־‬especificações e installation - Installation specification and garantia de qualidade quality assurance EN 50174-2: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50174-2: Information technology – Cabling instalação de cablagem - planeamento e installation – Installation planning and instalação em edifícios practices inside buildings EN 50174-3: Tecnologia de informação - EN 50174-3: Information technology – Cabling instalação de cablagem - planeamento e installation – Installation planning and instalação no exterior practices outside buildings EN 50310: Sistemas de terra em edifícios com EN 50310: Earthing systems in buildings with tecnologias de informação information technology equipment EN 50346: Tecnologia de informação - testes EN 50346: Information technology – Testing à cablagem instalada of installed cabling In addition to the above European Standards, the following shall be taken into account:  Regulation EU No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 (The Construction Products Regulation - CPR);  Recommendation ITU-R BT.1735-1 - Methods for reception quality assessment of digital terrestrial television;  EN 50083 Series - Cable (coaxial) distribution systems for television and sound signals and interactive services;  NP EN 50085 Series - Cable trunking systems and cable trunking systems for electrical installations;  50117-1 Series - Coaxial cables. Part 1: general specifications;  EN 50117-4-1 Series - Coaxial cables. Part 4-1: Sectional specification for cables for BCT cabling in accordance with EN 50173 - Indoor cables for systems operating at 5 MHz - 3 000 MHz;  EN 50411-3-2 - Fibre organisers and closures to be used in fibre optic communication systems. Product specifications. Single-mode mechanical fibre splice;  EN 50288 Series (21 parts) - Multi-element metallic cables - copper pair;  EN 50289 Series (2 parts) - Communication cables - specifications for test methods;  EN 60352 Series (6 parts) - Solderless connections;  EN 60512 Series (14 parts) - Connectors for electronic equipment; GLOSSARY - ITED4 22  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  EN 60529 - Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code);  EN 60728-1 - Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services. Part 1: Performance of the action channel system;  EN 60728-1-1 - Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services. Part 1-1: RF Cabling for two-way home networks;  EN 60728-1-2 - Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services; Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at the system outlet in operation;  EN 60728-3 - Cable distribution systems for television, sound and interactive multimedia signals. Part 3: Active wideband equipment for cable networks;  EN 60728-4 - Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services. Part 4: Passive wideband equipment for coaxial cable networks;  EN 60728-5 - Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services. Part 5: Headend equipment;  EN 60793 Series - Optical fibres - measurement methods and test procedures (manufacturer);  EN 60794 Series - Optical fibres – specifications;  EN 60825 Series - Safety of laser products;  EN 60966 Series - Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies, patch cords, pre- connectorised cables;  EN 61073-1 - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - protectors;  EN 61076 Series - Connectors for electronic equipment;  EN 61169 Series - Radio-frequency connectors;  EN 61280-4-2 - Fibre optic communication subsystem basic test procedures; Part 4-2: Installation of fibre optic cables - Attenuation of single-mode fibre optic cables;  EN 61300 Series - Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components;  NP EN 61386 Series - Conduit systems for cable management;  NP EN 61537 - Cabling systems. Cable tray systems and cable ladder systems;  EN 61935 Series - Specification for the testing of balanced communication cabling;  EN 62012-1 - Multicore cables to be used in harsh environments;  EN 62305-1 - Protection against lightning. Part 1: General principles;  EN 62305-2 - Protection against lightning. Part 2: Risk management;  EN 62305-3 - Protection against lightning. Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard;  ETSI TR 101290 - Measurement guidelines for DVB systems;  NP 922 - System for telecommunications and data cable designation. GLOSSARY - ITED4 23  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 2.3 CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION The conditions for the placing or making available on the internal market of construction products, in view of the proper functioning thereof, are established by harmonised technical specifications, that allow an assessment of performance, in relation to their essential characteristics and on the use of the CE marking. The above conditions are established in Regulation EU No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 - The Construction Products Regulation (CPR). The CPR provides a common technical language to ensure the expected quality of construction products. It ensures that professionals from the various sectors involved, as well as the general public, have access to reliable information on the products, in order to be able to easily compare them, whatever the manufacturer or country of origin. The implementation of the CPR is mandatory in Portugal and covers all telecommunications cables used in ITED, namely copper pair, coaxial and fibre optic cables. The performance of telecommunications cables corresponds to the relevant essential characteristics of the product, which is divided into classes. The classes will define the reaction to fire, expressed in smoke production, flaming droplets/particles, acidity and conductivity. These characteristics aim to limit the spread of fire and smoke. The performance classes on the reaction to fire of telecommunications cables are established by Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2016/364 of 1 July 2015. In turn, Communication 2017/C 076/05, published in the Official Journal of the European Union of 10 March 2017, refers to harmonised standard CENELEC EN 50575:2014 and the amendment thereto, EN 50575:2014/A1:2016, which set out the reaction to fire criteria of electrical, control and telecommunications cables. The aforementioned performance classes are duly developed throughout Chapter 3 of this manual, which sets out the minimum reaction to fire characteristics of telecommunications cables to be used in the ITED buildings. 2.4 GENERAL INFRASTRUCTURE General infrastructure designates the basic elements in any electronic communications network. It is applicable to all buildings and network topologies and forms the basis for the development of any telecommunications project. It is based on European Standards of the EN 50173 and EN 50174 Series. 2.4.1 SPECIFICATIONS OF CABLING SYSTEMS 2.4.1.1 COPPER PAIR Table 2.2 describes the connection classes and categories for copper pair (CP), as defined in EN 50173-1, permitted in the ITED. COPPER PAIR Maximum Connection class Category frequency [MHz] E 6 250 GLOSSARY - ITED4 24  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY EA 6A 500 F 7 600 FA 7A 1000 I 8.1 2000 II 8.2 2000 2.2 - Characterisation of CP classes and categories 2.4.1.2 COAXIAL CABLE Table 2.3 refers to the category of coaxial cable permitted in the ITED, as defined in EN 50173-1. The maximum attenuations mentioned refer only to the cables, without the installation of connectors. COAXIAL CABLE Maximum Maximum attenuation [dB/100 m] Category frequency [MHz] 47 MHz 862 MHz 950 MHz 2 150 MHz BCT-C 3 000 4.3 19.9 21.1 33.7 2.3 - Specifications of category BCT-C 2.4.1.3 FIBRE OPTIC Table 2.4 refers to the categories of fibre optics permitted in the ITED, as defined in EN 50173-1. The maximum attenuations mentioned refer only to the fibre cables, without the installation of connectors. There is no difference between fibre OS1 and OS1a. The difference in the nomenclature is due to alignments with ISO/IEC 11801-1. FIBRE OPTIC Maximum attenuation [dB/km] Wavelength [nm] Category OS1a Category OS2 1310 1.0 0.4 1550 1.0 0.4 2.4 - Fibre optic categories GLOSSARY - ITED4 25  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 2.4.2 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE The network architecture of a telecommunications infrastructure is defined, in the context of this manual, as the set of specifications of the physical components of a network, its organisation and functional configuration. The main objective of the technical project is the development of the network architecture. The basic element of any telecommunications network is the DP (Distribution Point). The DP is the point where connections end, meet and split. It enables amplification, regeneration and tests to be carried out, the establishment of connections and enables signals to be routed to the end points of the network. There are 4 types of DP provided for in ITED:  BTC (Building Telecommunications Cabinet) - the DP where the transition between the operator networks and the building’s collective networks is made. Its installation is mandatory in all buildings with a collective network. It is where the General Distribution Frames (DF) are housed;  ITC (Individual Telecommunications Cabinet) - the DP where the transition between collective networks and individual networks is made, or between operator networks and individual networks. Its installation is mandatory in all dwellings, including buildings of just one dwelling, namely non-residential buildings. It is where the Client Distribution Frames (CD) are housed;  ITP (Individual Transition Point) - the DP to be installed in constructed buildings, as an interconnection element between the cables from the collective or operator network, and the cables that are directed to the client;  SDP (Supplementary Distribution Point) - the DP which does not contain general distribution frames or client distribution frames, which allows the telecommunications infrastructure to be flexible, enabling the distribution, amplification or regeneration of signals. Typically, there are two DP in a building, the BTC and the ITC. These house the devices and equipment necessary for making connections flexible, providing an interconnection point between the building’s networks and operator or building complex networks in the case of the BTC, or enabling selection of the signal sent to each Telecommunications Socket (TS), in the case of ITC. The Multi-Operator Manhole (CVM) and the Multi-Operator (Access) Box (CAM) are part of the ITED piping network, as defined in point 2.6 of this manual. Figures 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 illustrate, in general terms, the network architectures of an ITED in a building with a collective network, in a detached dwelling and in a constructed building. The architectures, shown in the figures, are merely illustrative, and should not be considered unique. GLOSSARY - ITED4 26  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Rede Coletiva Rede Individual TT Cablagem de operadores CVM ATE ATI TT ou das ITUR TT ITUR ou via pública Edifício 2.5 - Network architecture of an ITED building, with a collective network and CVM Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling Rede Coletiva Collective Network Rede Individual Individual Network ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road Edifício Building Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Edifício ITUR ou via pública Rede Coletiva Rede Individual TT Cablagem de operadores CAM ATE ATI TT ou das ITUR TT 2.6 - Network architecture of an ITED building, with a collective network and CAM Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling Rede Coletiva Collective Network Rede Individual Individual Network ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road Edifício Building GLOSSARY - ITED4 27  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Rede Individual TT Cablagem de operadores CVM ATI TT ou das ITUR TT ITUR ou via pública Moradia 2.7 - Network architecture of 1 dwelling, with CVM Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling Rede Individual Individual Network ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road Moradia Detached dwelling Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Moradia ITUR ou via pública (Rede Individual) TT Cablagem de operadores CAM ATI TT ou das ITUR TT 2.8 - Network architecture of 1 dwelling, with CAM Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road Moradia (Rede Individual) Detached dwelling (Individual Network) GLOSSARY - ITED4 28  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Edifício ITUR ou via pública Rede Coletiva Rede Individual ATI Cablagem de operadores CAM ATE PTI ou das ITUR TT TT TT 2.9 - Network architecture of a constructed building, with CAM Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road Rede Individual Individual Network Rede Coletiva Collective Network 2.4.3 ACCOMMODATION OF EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES All equipment and devices comprising the cabling networks must be housed in such a way as to prevent unauthorised access, in particular where there are connection and distribution points. Special technical rooms housing equipment must offer suitable conditions in terms of space, power supply and environmental control. Cables are installed in piping that provides them protection by being housed in conduits or other elements, in accordance with figure 2.10. GLOSSARY - ITED4 29  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY PIPES CONDUITS TRUNKING BTC ITC PIPING NETWORK COMPARTMENTS OR PIPING and CABINETS CAM CVM SERVICE CAVITIES GALLERIES OTHER ELEMENTS CABLE PATHS (TRAYS) TROUGHS 2.10 - Piping network GLOSSARY - ITED4 30  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY REDE DE TUBAGENS OU TUBAGEM PIPING NETWORK OR PIPING CONDUTAS CONDUITS TUBOS PIPES CALHAS TRUNKING COMPARTIMENTOS e ARMÁRIOS COMPARTMENTS and CABINETS ATE BTC ATI ITC CAM CAM CVM CVM OUTROS ELEMENTOS OTHER ELEMENTS CORETES SERVICE CAVITIES GALERIAS GALLERIES CAMINHO DE CABOS (ESTEIRAS) CABLE PATHS (TRAYS) CALEIRAS TROUGHS The type of place of installation should be taken into account, adapting the materials to the MICE (Mechanical, Ingress, Climatic, Chemical, Electromagnetic) environment referred to in Chapter 8 of this manual. Table 2.11 lists some places of installation. PLACE OF DESCRIPTION INSTALLATION Buried Below ground level Slab Slabs of reinforced concrete, panels, wood Wall Brick, Ytong (aerated concrete), or masonry Lattice wall Plasterboard or metal frame Installation projecting from or mounted on walls or Projecting ceilings Cable trays Plastic or metal Cavity Construction voids, vertical or horizontal Ceiling Slabs of reinforced concrete, panels, wood Lattice ceiling Plasterboard or metal frame 2.11 - Places of installation When using non-metal piping, table 2.12 should be taken into account, which specifies the types of piping and respective compression and shock resistance. TYPE NAME RESISTANCE COMPRESSION/SHOCK ABBREVIATION Average 750 N / 2 J Rigid VD VD High 1 250 N / 6 J GLOSSARY - ITED4 31  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ERM/ERFE Average 750 N / 2 J ML - Smooth malleable Malleable ML (transversally elastic High 1 250 N / 6 J with smooth inner sleeve) FL - Corrugated flexible Average 750 N / 2 J with smooth inner FL sleeve High 1 250 N / 6 J Corrugated Low 320 N / 1 J flexible FA - Ringed flexible (external and internal Average 750 N / 2 J FA wrinkled sleeve) High 1 250 N / 6 J 2.12 - Types of pipes 2.5 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE TYPES OF BUILDING Buildings are classified by their intended use in accordance with the following types: 2.5.1 RESIDENTIAL Buildings designed for residential purposes, including common areas or areas reserved for the exclusive use of residents. 2.5.2 NON-RESIDENTIAL 2.5.2.1 OFFICES Buildings in which administrative, public and diverse services take place, such as the offices of businesses or institutions, bank head offices, public administration agencies, courts, records offices and the premises of liberal professions, etc. 2.5.2.2 COMMERCIAL Buildings which are open to the public, occupied by commercial establishments in which materials, products, equipment and other goods are displayed and sold, in particular restaurants, cafés, shops and bank branches, among others. Resale warehouses are also included in this category. Shopping centres, due to their specificity, are included in the special buildings category. 2.5.2.3 INDUSTRIAL Buildings with restricted access intended for industrial activities of a permanent nature, involved in the preparation, processing, finishing or handling of raw materials or industrial products, in the assembly or repair of equipment or places where the products connected to any of these activities are stored, provided that they are integrated in the respective establishments. GLOSSARY - ITED4 32  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 2.5.2.4 SPECIAL Special buildings are those which do not fit into any of the above categories. The following are classified as special buildings: 2.5.2.4.1 WAREHOUSES Buildings designed for collecting and storing all kinds of materials, substances, products, equipment, waste, etc. 2.5.2.4.2 CAR PARKS Buildings offering parking facilities for vehicles, off the public highway. 2.5.2.4.3 SCHOOL BUILDINGS Buildings which are open to the public and in which teaching and training is provided. Examples: public and private schools at all levels of education, day care centres, nursery schools, training institutes and activity centres. 2.5.2.4.4 HOSPITAL BUILDINGS Buildings which are open to the public and which provide medical diagnosis and health care, on an in- or out-patient basis. Examples: hospitals, clinics, polyclinics, doctor’s surgeries, health centres, medical or nursing centres, physiotherapy centres, laboratories. 2.5.2.4.5 HOMES FOR THE ELDERLY Buildings which are open to the public and which provide care, accommodation and activities specific to senior citizens. 2.5.2.4.6 CONCERT AND CONFERENCE BUILDINGS Buildings open to the public and used for concerts, meetings, exhibitions, conferences and religious gatherings. These buildings may also serve multi-purpose functions and host leisure activities on a permanent or temporary basis. Examples: cinemas, theatres, bull rings, casinos, discotheques, theatres, conference halls, exhibition venues, temples and churches. 2.5.2.4.7 HOTELS Buildings which are open to the public and provide accommodation on a temporary basis. Examples: hotels, hostels, residential hotels, boarding houses, tourist accommodation, camping grounds and recreational vehicle parks and trailer parks. 2.5.2.4.8 SHOPPING CENTRES Buildings which are open to the public and are occupied by commercial establishments from all sectors of trade. 2.5.2.4.9 TRANSPORT FACILITIES Buildings occupied by stations or terminals, offering access to road, rail, sea, river and air transport. GLOSSARY - ITED4 33  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 2.5.2.4.10 SPORTS AND LEISURE Buildings intended for sports and leisure activities. Examples: stadiums, stables, hippodromes, racing tracks, karting tracks, playing fields, sports pavilions, swimming pools, water parks, skating rinks, gymnasia. 2.5.2.4.11 MUSEUMS AND EXHIBITION FACILITIES Buildings designed for the exhibition of heritage and for scientific, cultural and technical dissemination. Examples: museums, art galleries, oceanariums, aquariums, zoos and botanical gardens. 2.5.2.4.12 LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES Buildings designed for the storage of documents, open to the public or not. 2.5.2.4.13 OTHER Other types of building may exist whose size or technical complexity requires them to be considered as ‘special’ but whose exact nature does not allow them to be included in any of the above categories. Planners must prepare the project deemed most appropriate, on the basis of the specifications presented for special buildings, and the general project regulations established in Chapter 4 of this manual. 2.5.3 MIXED Buildings whose use allows them to be included in more than one category. 2.5.4 LISTED HERITAGE The DGPC - Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage is responsible for the classification of buildings and the municipality in which they are located. Regarding this manual, the following classifications should be taken into account: a) Monuments; b) Buildings of public or municipal interest; c) Protection zones; d) Zones off-limits to construction; e) Historic buildings; f) Buildings of national or public interest. Included in the previous classifications and therefore considered to be listed heritage are all buildings so characterised by the municipalities in which they are located, by the DGPC or other official institutions responsible for awarding heritage status. 2.6 ITED BOUNDARIES ITED boundaries are defined as interconnection points of the ITED infrastructure with the public electronic communications networks or with ITUR infrastructure. GLOSSARY - ITED4 34  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY There are two types of boundaries: piping and cabling. The piping boundary is comprised of two points, which form an integral part of the ITED infrastructure:  CAM or CVM;  PAT. The cabling boundary is comprised of the following devices, which form an integral part of the ITED infrastructure:  Distribution Frame secondaries (DF), located in the BTC;  Client Distribution Frames (CD), located in the ITC, in buildings without a collective network. The purpose of extending ITED boundaries is to increase the connection capacity of the CVM or CAM, to the electronic communications public network operator, as described in point 4.1.4.8.3 of this manual. GLOSSARY - ITED4 35  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3 DEVICES AND MATERIALS This chapter establishes the general technical specifications for the materials and devices comprising piping and cabling networks of telecommunications infrastructure in buildings. 3.1 CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION (CPR) The CPR establishes, from the most demanding to the most permissive, reaction to fire Classes Aca, B1ca, B2ca, Cca, Dca, Eca and Fca, where the suffix ca refers to the cable. In Class Dca there are three parameters that should be considered: s - smoke production (s1, s2, s3); d - flaming droplets/particles (d0, d1, d2); a - pH and conductivity (a1, a2, a3). For the parameters established, the following European Standards should be taken into account: EN 61034-2 (for Dca), EN 50399 (for s2 and d2), EN 60754-2 (for a1) and EN 60332-1-2 (for Eca and Fca). If Class Fca cables are installed from the outside of buildings, namely cables from aerial systems or from Telecommunications Infrastructure in Housing Estates, Developments and Building Complexes - ITUR, they may run through the building to the equipment connection areas, provided that this distance does not exceed 15 metres. Operator cables which arrive at buildings, usually to the general distribution frames and client distribution frames, as well as patch cords, fall outside the scope of this ITED manual. Table 3.1 establishes the minimum classes of reaction to fire performance, applicable to all cables installed in the ITED. MINIMUM CLASS APPLICABLE Application on Area open to the Area not open to the external pipes public public (for all areas) Dca –s2,d2,a1 Eca Fca 3.1 - Minimum reaction to fire classes of cables 3.2 CABLING Cable networks, or simply cabling, are/is an element of ITED that enable(s) the transport and distribution of electronic communications services in buildings. There are three types of cabling technology for the physical transport of information:  Copper pair (CP);  Coaxial (CC);  Fibre optic (FO). 3.2.1 COPPER PAIR CABLES Copper pair cables to be used in ITED must be Category 6 or higher, in compliance with the applicable European Standard, namely that indicated in table 3.2. GLOSSARY - ITED4 36  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY CABLE SHIELDING APPLICABLE STANDARD CATEGORY Shielded EN 50288-5-1 6 Unshielded EN 50288-6-1 Shielded EN 50288-10-1 6A Unshielded EN 50288-11-1 7 Shielded EN 50288-4-1 7A Shielded EN 50288-9-1 3.2 - Standards of the electrical characteristics of Cat.6, 6A, 7 and 7A copper pair cables The use of copper pair cables made of solid copper is mandatory, in accordance with EN 50288- 1. Therefore, the installation of copper clad aluminium cables and copper clad steel cables is prohibited. These cables are generally known as CCA (copper clad aluminium) and CCS (copper clad steel). The lowest category of the components comprising the connection, namely the cables and connectors, will determine the final category of the connection. The category of the components is determined according to the connection class intended. For example, the Class E connection class can only be supported by Category 6 components, as the minimum. The electrical and mechanical characteristics of Category 6 and Category 7 copper pair cables, are listed in table 3.3. Diameter of the conductor 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm Material of the conductor Copper Type of conductor Solid 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm - Cat. 6 (EN 60811-1-1) Diameter of the conductor with insulation 0.7 mm to 1.6 mm - Cat. 7 (EN 60811-1-1) Number of conductors ≥ 4 x 2 x n (n = 1, 2, 3, ...) Indelible, at one metre intervals, reaction to fire Marking on sheath class, manufacturer, batch or date of manufacture (week and year) 3.3 - Mechanical characteristics of Cat. 6 and Cat. 7 copper pair cables Standard NP 922 establishes the classification of copper pair cables as regards their degree of shielding. The previous name of the cables commonly used is in parenthesis, where applicable. GLOSSARY - ITED4 37  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY U/UTP (UTP) - Unshielded cable/unshielded twisted pair. F/UTP (FTP) - Foiled cable/unshielded twisted pair. FF/UTP (F2TP) - Dual foil cable/unshielded twisted pair. SF/UTP (SFTP) - Foiled braided cable/foiled twisted pair. U/FTP - Unshielded cable/Foiled twisted pair. S/FTP (STP) - Braided cable/Foiled twisted pair. F/FTP - Foiled cable/foiled twisted pair. 3.4 - Example of a Category 7 F/FTP cable. Сu 23 AWG Сu 23 AWG Isolamento Insulation Pares Individualmente Blindados lâmina Twisted pairs with individual aluminium- Alumínio - Poliester polyester shielding Malha de Alumínio Aluminium mesh Cobertura Sheath Fio de Massa Earth cord Fio de Rasgar Ripcord GLOSSARY - ITED4 38  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.5 - Example of Category 7 U/UTP cable. Сu 23 AWG Сu 23 AWG Isolamento Insulation Crucifixo guia Flexor cross Cobertura Sheath Figures 3.4 and 3.5 show a schematic example of the composition of Category 7 F/FTP and Category 6 U/UTP copper pair cables, respectively. 3.2.1.1 PATCH CORD This device is used to establish connections on a patch panel, with RJ45 male connectors at each end of the cable. Figure 3.6 shows an example of a patch cord. 3.6 - Patch cord GLOSSARY - ITED4 39  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Patch cords better withstand the mechanical stress to which they are often subjected when they are made of flexible conductors, which can better handle the tight radii of curvature to which they may be subjected. 3.2.1.2 CONNECTORS Connectors are RJ45 and enable the connection of 4 male or female copper pairs. Figure 3.7 shows examples of RJ45 connectors. 3.7 - Male and female RJ45 connectors 3.2.1.3 POE The increase in the offering of the number of devices with communication based on IP (Internet Protocol) increases the use and need for PoE (Power over Ethernet) technology in a residential, business and industrial environment, enabling the supply of remote devices through copper pair cables. Although there are various techniques to support remote supply by copper pair, which are normally owned by various manufacturers, the one that is most currently used was standardised in 2003 by Standard IEEE 802.3af, which enabled the appearance of a vast range of equipment that supports this functionality. More recently, Standards IEEE 802.3at and IEEE 802.3bt, also known as PoE+ e 4PPoE, respectively, have considerably increased the power limit supplied by the infrastructure, thereby expanding the applications of the technology. The main advantages of using the technology are: a) Ease of control of the supply of devices connected remotely in the building or dwelling, resulting in an increase in global energy efficiency; b) It easily allows backup support, through copper pair cables, of electrical supply to critical systems, e.g. security cameras, IP telephones, etc.; c) Reduction of the electrical infrastructure of the building, with the resulting reduction in cables and installation costs. PoE technology has no influence on the performance of the communication of data existing in the same cable. 3.2.1.3.1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The power supply of devices which are connected remotely is carried out by injecting current in the copper pair cable, with an average voltage of 48 V DC, after prior negotiation between the GLOSSARY - ITED4 40  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY device to be supplied and the energy source. There are two basic techniques for the injection of energy:  Use of Ethernet Level 2 (switch) communication equipment, with PoE capability, which will be responsible for the management of energy in the cables, in each of the physical server ports, as shown in figure 3.8; Dispositivo com PoE Fonte Switch com Dados + alimentação Alimentação fonte PoE Dados Dispositivo Divisor sem PoE Alim. 3.8 - Source equipment integrated in the switch Fonte Alimentação Power Source Switch com fonte POE Switch with PoE source Dados + alimentação Data + supply Dispositivo com PoE Device with PoE Dispositivo sem PoE Device without PoE Divisor Divider Dados Data Alim. Supply  Use of energy injecting equipment that receives data from the switch without PoE support and injects the required current to the supply of the remote device. In this case, the equipment will be responsible for the management of the energy in each physical port, as shown in figure 3.9. Dispositivo com PoE Fonte Dados Switch Injetor PoE Dados + alimentação Alimentação Dados Dispositivo Divisor sem PoE Alim. 3.9 - Use of PoE injector Fonte Alimentação Power Source Switch Switch Dados Data Injetor PoE PoE injector Dados + alimentação Data + supply Dispositivo com PoE Device with PoE Dispositivo sem PoE Device without PoE Divisor Divider Alim. Supply GLOSSARY - ITED4 41  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Regarding the device supplied, there are two options, as shown in figures 3.8 and 3.9:  Device with PoE support, where this equipment is responsible for the direct negotiation with the energy source;  Device without PoE support, where additional equipment is necessary, called a divider, which will support the negotiation with the energy source to carry out an extraction of the current to a secondary connection, performing the separation between data and supply. There is a vast array of equipment on the market which is PoE compatible. In figure 3.10 an example of a PoE injector and divider are shown. 3.10 - Examples of PoE equipment: PoE injector for a port and PoE divider 3.2.1.3.2 SPECIFICATIONS Standard IEEE 802.3bt, as a development of Standards IEEE 802.3af and IEEE 802.3at, define four types of equipment, in terms of interoperability and compatibility:  Type 1 – Equipment which complies with the specifications of version IEEE 802.3af;  Type 2 – Equipment which complies with the specifications of version IEEE 802.3at;  Type 3 and 4 – Equipment which complies with the specifications of version IEEE 802.3bt. The major difference between the four types lies in the maximum supply capacity, in terms of power. In table 3.11 the main characteristics of the equipment are shown. Parameter Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Power available in the device supplied 12.95 W 25.50 W 51 W 71 W Maximum power at the source equipment 15.40 W 34.20 W 60 W 100 W outlet Voltage at the source equipment outlet 44.0 – 57.0 V 50.0 – 57.0 V 50.0 – 57.0 V 52.0 – 57.0 V Voltage in the device supplied 37.0 – 57.0 V 42.5 – 57.0 V 42.5 – 57.0 V 41.1 – 57.0 V Maximum current 350 mA 600 mA 600 mA/par 960 mA/par 3.11 - Characteristics of PoE equipment Regarding power classes, the following are provided for in table 3.12. Source equipment Power class Maximum available power in the device [W] Type 1 0 13.00 GLOSSARY - ITED4 42  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 1 3.84 2 6.49 3 13.00 Type 2 4 25.50 5 40.00 Type 3 6 51.00 7 62.00 Type 4 8 71.30 3.12 - PoE power classes 3.2.1.3.3 APPLICATION IN ITED The use of PoE in ITED may bring benefits, when associated with complementary communication or security systems. An example is the use of the supply of IP surveillance cameras or supply of Wi-Fi access points. The power source should be located in a DP. The installation of a backup source for the supply of these devices may be included in the project. All active devices must be installed in the DP and the energy will be injected in the copper pair permanent connections. Figure 3.13 shows an example of the use of PoE in an individual network, to supply two devices. Rede Individual Pares de Cobre ATI ATI Câmara IP UPS Router / Switch Injetor PoE RC-PC Alim. Dados TT Divisor Ponto Dados + alimentação Acesso TT WiFi 3.13 - Example of the application of PoE Rede Individual Pares de Cobre Individual Copper Pair Network UPS UPS ATI ITC Router / Switch Router / Switch Injetor PoE PoE injector Dados + alimentação Data + supply Câmara IP IP camera Alim. Supply Dados Data Divisor Divider Ponto Acesso WiFi Wi-Fi Access Point GLOSSARY - ITED4 43  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.2.2 COAXIAL CABLE 3.2.2.1 MINIMUM TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS Coaxial cables to be used in ITED must be, at least, category BCT-C for frequencies up to 3 GHz (EN 50173-1). Table 3.14 lists the minimum technical requirements to be met by coaxial cables. FREQUENCY ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES VALUE (MHz) Characteristic impedance 75 Ω ± 3 Ω 100 ≥ 20 dB 5 ≤ f < 470 Return loss ≥ 18 dB 470 ≤ f < 1 000 ≥ 12 dB 1 000 ≤ f < 3 000 2.0 dB 10 6.3 dB 100 9.0 dB 200 11.2 dB 300 Maximum attenuation at 100 metres 16.3 dB 600 21.7 dB 1 000 36.0 dB 2 400 41.1 dB 3 000 Maximum resistance: core + external conductors 9 Ω / 100 m DC Minimum admissible through current 0.5 A DC ≥ 85 dB 30 ≤ f < 1 000 Shielding attenuation (EMC Class A) ≥ 75 dB 1 000 ≤ f < 2 000 ≥ 65 dB 2 000 ≤ f < 3 000 Dielectric coverage ≥ 70 % Propagation speed (NVP) ≥ 82 % Core diameter 0.6 mm to 1.7 mm Total coaxial elements in one cable ≥1 External cable diameter ≤ 12 mm Installation: 0 ºC to +50 ºC Temperature range Operation: -20 ºC to +60 ºC Minimum curvature radius during installation 10 times external diameter Minimum installed curvature radius 5 times external diameter Reaction to fire class Indelible At 1 metre intervals Markings Manufacturer’s name Batch No or date of manufacture (week and year) GLOSSARY - ITED4 44  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.14 - Minimum technical requirements of coaxial cables Water resistant coaxial cables should be used for exterior applications. In addition, cables directly exposed to solar radiation should be in carbon black and be UV resistant. Figure 3.15 shows an example of the design of a coaxial cable. 3.15 - Example of the design of a coaxial cable Condutor Interno Copper core conductor Cobre Dieléctrico Dielectric Malha Copper Cobre ou Alumínio or Aluminium mesh Isolante externo External LSFH LSFH Amb. Especiais Insulation Special Environments PVC Interior PVC Interior PE Exterior PE Exterior Lâmina Copper or Cobre ou Alumínio Aluminium Foil Lâmina anti migrante Anti-leak Petrogel PetroGel - para exterior enterrado foil - for buried external applications 3.2.2.2 COAXIAL NETWORK DEVICES 3.2.2.2.1 HEADEND Headends (HE) are assemblies of active and passive equipment, placed between the reception system - reception aerials or other signal sources - and the distribution network. The principal function of headends is to receive, equalise and amplify S/MATV signals to be distributed. Equipment must have the general characteristics in accordance with Standard EN 60728-5, which should be taken as a reference. Various types of HE may be used, usually in grades of quality, which are determined according to the active equipment that comprises them. In addition to active equipment, the HE is also comprised of passive equipment, the following of which is highlighted: GLOSSARY - ITED4 45  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY a) RF filter, if this is not integrated in the aerial; b) Distribution devices to distribute signals (distribution frames and diverters). 3.2.2.2.2 AMPLIFIER An active network device which is powered locally or remotely and amplifies the radio frequency signals present at its input, within the response bandwidth for which it is designed. There are various types of amplifier, of which the following are highlighted: a) Selective Broadband Amplifier - allows the desired signals to be selected and equalised, eliminating parasites; b) Single-Channel Amplifier - an amplifier of high selectivity capabilities, with a response bandwidth adapted to just one channel; c) Line Amplifier - used at strategic points in networks, to ensure the correct amplification of the signal. They may be installed in the rising mains or used as individual amplifiers; d) Pre-amplifier - a high-sensitivity amplifier with a low noise factor, to be installed as close as possible to the aerials. 3.2.2.2.3 COAXIAL DISTRIBUTION FRAMES AND DIVERTERS Passive devices that divide the signals present at the input, into various outputs. The general characteristics, where EN 60728-4 is taken as a reference, are the following: a) Frequency band between 5 MHz - 2 400 MHz; b) Characteristic impedance 75 Ω; c) Insulation between outputs: i) ≥ 20 dB between 10 MHz - 950 MHz; ii) ≥ 14 dB, decreasing linearly until 10 dB, between 950 MHz - 2 400 MHz. d) Maximum passage of DC: 300 mA; e) Conductor earth connection that accepts 1.5 mm2, as a minimum; f) Indication of model, manufacturer and attenuation. 3.2.2.2.4 COAXIAL SOCKET A passive device to be installed as a connection point of the coaxial network to connect to the client's equipment. Coaxial sockets must have the general characteristics in accordance with Standard EN 60728-4, which should be taken as a reference. Coaxial sockets may have one or more connection points and mixed sockets are permitted where they have connection points of other technologies (copper pair and fibre optic). Coaxial TS may feature several connection points, namely Type IEC male, female and Type F. Connection points may have a frequency splitter. Bearing in mind that there are fewer and fewer devices using coaxial cables as an input for FM (radio) signals, it is recommended that TS do not have exclusive FM connection points. The assembly of all coaxial connection points must cover frequencies from 5 MHz - 2 400 MHz. The characteristic impedance of connection points is 75 Ω. GLOSSARY - ITED4 46  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.2.2.2.5 CONNECTORS The Type F compression connector is the only connector allowed at the end point of the coaxial cables. The use of Type F fast connecting connectors is only permitted in connections ending directly in a TS. Figure 3.16 shows various types of connectors. 3.16 - Type F male and female compression connectors 3.2.2.2.6 CONNECTION ACCESSORIES AND ADAPTERS Only Type F connection accessories and adapters are permitted, as shown in figure 3.17. 3.17 - Type F accessory and adapter 3.2.2.2.7 TERMINAL LOAD The component to be installed in all unused outputs in distribution frames and diverters in the coaxial, MATV and CATV network. They will adapt to the type of connector accepted by the device to be loaded and have the following characteristics: a) Characteristic impedance 75 Ω; b) Class A shielding; c) DC insulated if recommendable for the point to be loaded. 3.2.2.2.8 MOBILE COMMUNICATION RF FILTERS Mobile communication RF filters are selective frequency circuits that allow some frequencies to pass and reject others. These filters are useful to mitigate or eliminate interference above the cut- off frequency, such as in DTT signal reception systems. GLOSSARY - ITED4 47  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Figure 3.18 shows an example of a RF filter. 3.18 - Example of an RF filter The use of aerials or amplifiers with an integrated RF filter, which amplify the UHF band and mitigate frequencies above those of the DTT (such as LTE/4G and 5G) is recommended. Figure 3.19 shows an example of the response of an amplifier with an integrated filter. dB 0 4G TDT 5G 3.19 - Response of an amplifier with an integrated filter f 3.2.2.2.9 SURGE ARRESTER A device which is inserted between the aerials and amplifier with the function of establishing the earthing of the currents associated with any possible atmospheric discharges, contacts with power lines or those resulting from electromagnetic induction. Figure 3.20 shows an example of a surge arrester. GLOSSARY - ITED4 48  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.20 - Example of a surge arrester - 90V 3.2.3 FIBRE OPTIC 3.2.3.1 CABLES AND DEVICES Fibre optic cables are classified according to their physical construction (core/jacket diameters) and category. All fibre optic cables must comply with the requirements of Standard EN 60794-1-1. Other types of cables in addition to the two types referred to in this manual may be used, on condition that they comply with the above-mentioned European Standard and with the technical specifications given here. Single-mode fibre optics is the only type of fibre that may installed in ITED. It must comply with the requirements of Standard EN 60793-2-50. The devices to be installed in the fibre optics network must be compatible with the termination in SC/APC connectors, in compliance in particular with the requirements laid down in the EN 61300 series. The devices to be installed in the fibre optics network, in particular the sockets, must comply with the safety requirements laid down in Standards EN 60825-1 and EN 60825-2. Indoor cables:  Low sensitivity to tight curvature radii;  Dieletric;  Adequate mechanical resistance to traction. 1. Outer jacket 2. Traction element 3. Inner jacket 4. Fibre optic 3.21 - Example of a fibre optic cable for indoors Outdoor cables:  Anti-moisture protection;  Totally dielectric;  Traction or blow-installed;  Adequate mechanical resistance to traction. 1. Outer jacket 2. Rip cord 3. Anti-rodent protection 4. Inner jacket 5. GLOSSARY Cabling - ITED4 49 6. Loose tube 7. Fibre optic 8. Central tensor (dielectric)  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.22 - Example of a multi-fibre cable Figures 3.21 and 3.22 show schematic examples of the composition of fibre optic cables, for outdoors and multifibre, respectively. In tables 3.23, 3.24 and 3.25 some of the relevant standards and their equivalence, as well as the respective associated technical specifications are shown. EN 60793-2-50 ITU-T Type B1.1 G652a,b - G654a Type B1.2_b G654b Type B1.2_c G654c Type B1.3 G652c,d Type B2 G653a,b - G655a - G655b Type B4_c G655c Type B4_d G655d Type B4_e G655e Type B5 G656 Type B6_a G657a Type B6_b G657b 3.23 - Equivalence of fibre optic standards STANDARD SINGLE-MODE FIBRE ITU-T G.657 Wavelength of section 1 260 nm Modal field diameter 8.6 µm - 9.5 µm (+/- 0.4 µm) Jacket diameter 125 µm (+/- 0.7 µm) GLOSSARY - ITED4 50  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Jacket circularity error 1% Modal field concentricity error 0.5 µm Attenuation over 1 310 nm 0.4 dB/km Attenuation over 1 550 nm 0.3 dB/km 3.24 - Example of ITU-T G.657 Fibre Attenuation (dB) over 1 550 nm over a minimum radius of curvature (Rmin) of: ITU-T 15 mm 10 mm 7.5 mm 5 mm G.657A1 < 0.025 < 0.75 - - G.657A2 / B2 < 0.003 < 0.1 < 0.5 - G.657B3 - < 0.03 < 0.08 < 0.15 3.25 - Attenuation according to minimum radii of curvature Figure 3.26 shows the minimum radius of curvature permitted for fibre optic cables, according to their type. 3.26 - Minimum radius of curvature in accordance with the type of fibre The installation of fibre optic cables with low sensitivity to tight curvature radii is mandatory, in compliance with the minimum requirements of standard ITU-T G657. Cables must be marked with the reaction to fire class, in accordance with the CPR. Figure 3.27 shows an example of a SC/APC pre-connectorised cable. GLOSSARY - ITED4 51  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.27 - Example of SC/APC - Fibre G.657B3 pre-connectorised cable 3.2.3.2 SAFETY OF FIBRE OPTIC DEVICES The devices used in fibre optic networks should provide information regarding their handling and safety for the user. It is the responsibility of manufacturers to provide the safety information described below, and any other it deems appropriate: a) Instructions for the correct assembly, maintenance and safe use, including warnings on the precautions to be taken to avoid dangerous exposure to laser radiation; b) Additional warning for Class 1M and 2M laser equipment; c) Description of the radiation patterns emitted through the protection cover, for laser radiation levels above the Class 1 AEL (Accessible Emission Limit); d) Information on the possible selection of eye protection, integrated in the PPE (Personal Protective Equipment); e) Copies of all the existing warning signs on the equipment; f) Clear indication in the manual of the location of all the laser apertures; g) List of handling and maintenance controls, adjustments and procedures; h) Where equipment does not form part of the energy source necessary for laser emission, an explanation of the compatibility requirements, to ensure the safety of the user; i) Classification of laser equipment; j) Clear description of the location of the detachable parts of any protection covers which may exist. Fibre optic sockets and other devices where laser radiation is accessible by visual contact, may constitute a danger to the safety of people when the fibre optic communications systems are active. The safety standards contained on the manufacturer's equipment and documentation should be taken into account. Fibre optic sockets should contain protection, an access panel, tilting window, or blocking device, not removable and integrated in the sockets, to prevent access by persons to higher levels than the AEL for Class 1, as standardised in EN 60825-1 and EN 60825-2 (figure 3.28). This protection device should not be confused with the lids that are usually already in place in fibre connectors, and which serve solely to prevent them from getting dirty, or becoming damaged during transport or installation. GLOSSARY - ITED4 52  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.28 - Example of devices with protection (laser jammers) It is recommended that fibre optic sockets are chosen where, after installation, the respective connectors are arranged vertically. If it is not possible to obtain the intended verticality for the connectors, it is recommended that telecommunications sockets (TS) be chosen where the inclination of the connectors is the most vertical possible (figure 3.29). 3.29 - Example of telecommunications sockets with optical connectors 3.2.4 MIXED OR HYBRID CABLES Mixed or hybrid cables are made of two or more cables, of identical or different technologies, of identical or different diameters, whose outer jackets are connected along a line tangent to both. The cables may be separated with each retaining the mechanical and electrical properties of identical unmixed cables of corresponding technologies. This type of cable must meet all the requirements described in this manual, for each of the technologies taken into account, whether they are copper pair, coaxial or fibre optic. 3.3 PIPING The piping network, commonly referred to as piping, is the part of the ITED which houses and protects equipment, devices and cables. 3.3.1 MATERIALS COMPRISING THE PIPING The materials used in piping networks should not exhibit characteristics that may cause undesirable or even dangerous behaviour, in particular when subjected to combustion. To minimise GLOSSARY - ITED4 53  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY risks in the event of fire, only flame resistant materials may be used, when these are not embedded in the non-combustible plaster, formwork or substrate. 3.3.1.1 PIPING The pipes to be used in the ITED should have the designations and characteristics indicated in Table 3.30. ABBREVIATION CHARACTERISTICS VD Rigid insulating material, with smooth internal walls ML Flexible insulating material, with smooth internal walls (ERM/ERFE/Isogris) FL Flexible insulating material, corrugated, with smooth internal walls FA Flexible insulating material, ringed, with rugged internal and external walls M Rigid metallic, with smooth internal walls 3.30 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in ITED The external diameters (equivalent to nominal commercial diameters) of pipes are expressed in millimetres: The following diameters are normally used: Ø20, Ø25, Ø32, Ø40, Ø50, Ø63, Ø75, Ø90 and Ø110. Pipes of an external diameter less than 20 mm are prohibited in ITED. Pre-cabled pipes are not permitted in ITED, as there is no guarantee that new cables may be inserted or existing cables removed. Depending on where the pipes are installed, the minimum requirements set out in tables 3.31, 3.32, 3.33 and 3.34 must be met. UNDERGROUND ENTRIES Embedded - Insulated or metallic. Flame resistant, when Material embedded in combustible material. Recessed - Insulated, flame resistant or metallic Type of pipe VD, ML, FL or M Compression resistance Medium Shock resistance Medium Minimum temperature of use -15 ºC Maximum temperature of use 90 ºC When made up of metal Resistant to internal and external corrosion 3.31 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in underground entries GLOSSARY - ITED4 54  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY EMBEDDED OR RECESSED NETWORKS Embedded - Insulated or metallic. Flame resistant, when Material embedded in combustible material. Recessed - Insulated, flame resistant or metallic Type of pipe VD, ML, FL or M Minimum temperature of use -5 ºC Maximum temperature of use 60 ºC Compression Walls, cable Low resistance trays, service cavities and galleries Shock Low resistance Place of installation Formwork, Compression Medium concrete resistance slabs and walls with concrete Shock Medium fillings. resistance 3.32 - Minimum technical character. of pipes for application in recessed or embedded networks EXPOSED NETWORKS Material Insulated, flame resistant or metallic Type of pipe VD or M Minimum temperature of use -5 ºC Maximum temperature of use 60 ºC Compression Low Areas not resistance open to the public Shock Low resistance Place of installation Compression Medium resistance Areas open to the public Shock Medium resistance 3.33 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in exposed networks GLOSSARY - ITED4 55  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY NETWORKS IN CONSTRUCTION VOIDS OR LATTICE WALLS Material Insulated, flame resistant Type of pipe ML, FL, FA Compression resistance Low or Medium Shock resistance Low or Medium Minimum temperature of use -5 ºC Maximum temperature of use 60 ºC 3.34 - Minimum technical characteristics of pipes for application in hollow areas The joints between pipes may be sealed by adhesive or by any other suitable method that prevents them from opening during later cable insertion operations. 3.3.1.2 CABLE TRUNKING Cable trunking where skirting board trunking is included, is a solution to be considered in all situations, in both new buildings and alterations to constructed buildings. Aesthetic reasons, ease of installation and access to the cables are a better alternative in particular to the installation of exposed piping. Cable trunking must comply with the requirements of the EN 50085 Series. Table 3.35 lists the minimum technical specifications of cable trunking. TRUNKING Material Insulating or metallic Protection against mechanical shock Areas open to the public: IK08 loads Areas not open to the public: IK07 Flame resistance Flame resistant Minimum temperature of use - 5 ºC Maximum temperature of use 60 ºC Protection against penetration by solid 1 mm (IP4X) bodies Protection against penetration by solid bodies in areas 2.5 m or more above 12.5 mm (IP2X) ground level Cover tightness Opens only using a special tool 3.35 - Minimum technical characteristics of cable trunking GLOSSARY - ITED4 56  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Figure 3.36 provides some examples of cable trunking. 3.36 - Examples of trunking 3.3.1.3 CABLE TRAYS Cable trays are metallic or non-metallic structures, typically “U” section, designed for carrying cables along walls, ceilings and floors. The materials of which they are made must meet the minimum requirements set out in Table 3.37. CABLE TRAYS Material Insulating or metallic Flame resistance Flame resistant Areas open to the public: 5 J Impact resistance Areas not open to the public: 2 J Minimum temperature of use -5 ºC Maximum temperature of use 60 ºC 3.37 - Minimum technical characteristics of cable trays Figure 3.38 shows an example of cable trays and cable pass with fire break GLOSSARY - ITED4 57  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.38 - Cable trays and cable pass with fire break 3.3.1.4 BOXES The following types of boxes can be used, depending on the piping network in which they are inserted:  Collective piping network boxes (BTC, as an example);  Individual piping network boxes (ITC and mounting boxes, as examples). In terms of their functionality, boxes are designated as follows:  Input boxes (transition between networks, namely operator and building);  Pull boxes (existing in the same piping network);  Mounting boxes (terminating in the individual piping network). The minimum mechanical requirements for boxes are those indicated in table 3.39. CHARACTERISTICS Insulating or metallic. Wooden walls, bottoms or coverings are Material not permitted. Interior walls Smooth Surface mounted: 2 J Shock resistance Embedded mounted: 0.5 J Minimum temperature of use -5 ºC Maximum temperature of use 60 ºC Protection against penetration by solids 1 mm Indelible, the word “Telecomunicações” [Telecommunications] Identification markings on the outer side of the cover or door, or alternatively the letter “T”. Mounting boxes are exempt from marking. 3.39 - Minimum requirements of boxes of the piping network The minimum internal dimensions for boxes in individual networks are those indicated in table 3.40. Width Height Depth TYPE OF BOX [mm] [mm] [mm] Mounting box, surface or recessed 53 53 55 Pull box – individual network 160 80 55 Column – collective network 220 220 90 Dimensions appropriate to the cable trunking Mounting box, supported by cable trunking mounting 3.40 - Minimum requirements of boxes of the piping network GLOSSARY - ITED4 58  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY It is recommended that mounting boxes be installed with a depth greater than 55 mm, which makes it easier to handle and connect cables. Figure 3.41 shows an example of two mounting boxes. 3.41 - Examples of mounting boxes Pull boxes should be fitted with the appropriate covers. Figure 3.42 shows an example of a pull box to the individual network. 3.42 - Example of a pull box to the individual network 3.3.1.4.1 MULTI-OPERATOR MANHOLE - CVM The multi-operator manhole - CVM is designed to be installed below ground, and may be pre- fabricated or built on-site. The minimum dimension requirements of the CVM are 200 x 200 x 400 (L x W x H in mm). The rims and covers of the CVM must have the characteristics required in EN 124, as it may endanger the safety of people and property. If necessary the cover may be lowered to allow it to be coated with the type of pavement existing at the site. This coating may not compromise the mandatory wording. The outer side of the cover must contain, in a visible and indelible manner, the words “Telecommunicações” [Telecommunications] and “CVM” and may not contain any wording that identifies a communications services provider. The cover of the CVM must contain, in an indelible manner, the words “EN 124” and the permissible load index. GLOSSARY - ITED4 59  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY In CVM, it is not mandatory to use closing devices, although their existence may be considered to be an additional safeguard measure. Figure 3.43 shows an example of two CVM covers. 3.43 - Examples of manhole (CVM) covers Table 3.44 enables the CVM cover class to be assessed, based on test forces. Test force CLASS applicable to Application a) covers [kN] A15 15 Areas used exclusively by pedestrians and cyclists Footways, pedestrian areas and comparable areas, private car B125 125 parks and car parking decks. Kerb sides and non-trafficked area of hard shoulders which, C250 250 from the corner of the kerb, extends a maximum of 0.5 m on the road and 0.2 m from the pavement Carriageways for roads (including pedestrian streets), hard D400 400 shoulders and parking areas for all types of road vehicles (a) The areas of application listed do not exclude the consultation of EN 124 3.44 - Test force applicable to CVM covers 3.3.1.4.2 MULTI-OPERATOR (ACCESS) BOX - CAM The multi-operator (access) box - CAM is designed to be installed in an interior or exterior wall, as an alternative to the CVM. The CAM is made up of a compartment and 2 pipes which extend its lower side underground. These pipes, with minimum dimensions of Ø63 mm, are for connection to the operator networks. The minimum internal dimensions of the compartment of the CAM are: 220 x 220 x 90 (W x H x P in mm). The outer side of the cover, or door, must be duly identified in accordance with table 3.39. It is mandatory for a closing device, with or without an access key to be fitted in the CAM. Figure 3.45 provides an example of a CAM. TELECOMUNICAÇÕES GLOSSARY - ITED4 60  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.45 – Example of a CAM TELECOMUNICAÇÕES TELECOMMUNICATIONS 3.3.1.5 CLOSING DEVICES To ensure the security and confidentiality of communications, the following types of closing device are defined: Closing device with access key - lock These mechanisms have a metal lock which is opened via an access key. An example is the RITA type lock, which is widely applied in telecommunications infrastructure. Electronic locks are also included in this class. Closing device without access key - latch These mechanisms have a plastic or metal lock which is accessed with a key without an access code. Spring, pressure or screw closures are also permitted. A triangular key closing device is an example. The choice of device should take into account the location, accessibility by unauthorised persons and the guarantee of the security of the compartments housing devices and equipment. The use of a lock is mandatory in the following locations:  Distribution Points - DP in public places;  Components of the collective network that house amplifying, distribution or branching devices; GLOSSARY - ITED4 61  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  In general places considered to be of restricted access, to ensure the security and confidentiality of the communications. The use of a lock is mandatory in the following locations:  Individual Telecommunications Cabinet - ITC in private premises;  Cabling pull boxes, with door;  Individual network boxes, with door. 3.3.2 SPACES FOR HOUSING EQUIPMENT 3.3.2.1 BUILDING TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABINET - BTC The Building Telecommunications Cabinet - BTC is a distribution point - DP made up of a compartment and the respective equipment and devices housed inside it. The BTC is an integral part of the collective network of buildings and therefore it is not possible to install the BTC in buildings without a collective network. The BTC shall fulfil the following functions:  Interconnecting with public electronic communications networks or networks from private Telecommunications Infrastructure in Housing Estates, Developments and Building Complexes - ITUR;  Management of the different cable networks (copper pair, coaxial and fibre optic);  Possible integration of the automation, video door phone and security systems. According to the networks to be installed in a building, the following types of BTC may be used:  A single box for the BTC;  A BTC with branching to: i) Upper Building Telecommunications Cabinet - BTC - normally installed close to the top of the building; ii) Lower Building Telecommunications Cabinet - BTC - normally installed close to the underground access.  Outdoor Building Telecommunications Cabinet BTC - to be installed outside the building in a suitable place. The BTC should have conditional access and houses the secondary Distribution Frames (DF) of the three technologies planned, namely:  Copper pair: DF-CP;  Coaxial cable: DF-CC;  Fibre optic: DF-FO. The dimension and installation of Distribution Frame DF primaries, as well as the installation of protection devices, are the responsibility of the operators. The choice of the location of the Distribution Frame secondaries, and the arrangement of the cables within the BTC must allow the availability of 50 % of the space deemed sufficient for the installation of the Distribution Frame primaries. Therefore, Distribution Frame secondaries must be fitted as close as possible to the piping of the Rising Mains - RM, in the corresponding technology. Excess cabling inside the BTC should also be avoided. GLOSSARY - ITED4 62  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Figure 3.46 provides an example of good installation practice of Distribution Frame - DF secondaries, in BTC. FO CC PC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3.46 - BTC with Distribution Frame secondaries The upper BTC, where applicable, must contain at least one Headend (HE) which ensures the distribution of S/MATV signals to all the dwellings in the building. The upper BTC must have an earthing bar, to be installed and connected to the ITED PEB (Primary Earth Busbar), in the lower BTC. For the purposes of telemetering, it is recommended that the BTC be connected to the cabinets containing water, gas and electricity meters. For the installation of devices in the BTC, the latter must have a vertical back panel that does not reduce its depth by more than 30 mm. Wooden back panels are not permitted. BTC are considered to be of restricted access and therefore must be equipped with an appropriate closing system, namely a RITA-type lock. The BTC shall have the Primary Earth Busbar - PEB, which shall contain at least 6 connection points. The BTC should have at least one circuit with 3 earthed electrical sockets available. Socket circuits should be protected by an automatic cut-off mechanism, sensitive to the differential current, located in the electrical panel to which the circuit is connected. Where there is an upper BTC and a lower BTC, either of them must contain at least three earthed electrical sockets and an earth bar with at least six connection points. In the absence of a common services electrical panel, the BTC may not have electrical power sockets. GLOSSARY - ITED4 63  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.3.2.1.1 DF-CP - COPPER PAIR DISTRIBUTION FRAME The DF-CP is comprised of primaries that are the responsibility of the operators, and a secondary, where the building’s collective copper pair network begins. The DF-CP secondary is comprised of eight RJ45 female connectors. Figure 3.47 shows an example of a DF-CP secondary. 3.47 - Example of a DF-CP secondary The location of the DF-CP secondary must be close to the conduit intended for the copper pair cables. The identification of the connections must be clearly marked. 3.3.2.1.2 DF-CC - COAXIAL CABLE DISTRIBUTION FRAME The DF-CC is comprised of primaries, that are the responsibility of the operators in the case of CATV, and by one or two secondaries, where the building’s collective coaxial cable network begins. The DF-CC secondary is comprised of a female-female junction box for type F coaxial cables (one for each dwelling). Figure 3.48 shows an example of a DF-CC secondary. 3.48 - Example of a DF-CC secondary Junction boxes must be installed with the entry facing downward or horizontally, to minimise the entry of impurities. If the entry is protected, this position is optional. The continuity of the connection of the coaxial cable network to the earth must be duly ensured. The location of the DF-CC secondary must be close to the piping intended for the coaxial cables. The identification of the connections must be clearly marked. GLOSSARY - ITED4 64  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.3.2.1.3 DF-FO - FIBRE OPTIC DISTRIBUTION FRAME The DF-FO is comprised of primaries that are the responsibility of the operators, and a secondary, where the building’s fibre optic collective network begins. The DF-FO secondary is comprised of a SC-type panel (two SC/APC connectors per dwelling). Figure 3.49 shows an example of a DF-FO secondary. 3.49 - Example of a DF-FO secondary (individual cables) Couplers must be installed with the entry facing downward or horizontally, to minimise the entry of impurities. If the entry is protected, this position is optional. Given the fragile nature of the components, a solution must be adopted to ensure mechanical protection and resistance to adverse environmental conditions, such as moisture and dust. The location of the DF-FO secondary must be close to the conduit intended for fibre optic cables. The identification of the connections must be clearly marked. Figure 3.50 shows an example of a solution for DF secondaries. 3.50 – Example of DF secondaries 3.3.2.2 INDIVIDUAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CABINET - ITC The Individual Telecommunications Cabinet - ITC is the centralisation and flexibility element of the entire telecommunications infrastructure of a dwelling and therefore it should be capable of receiving electronic communications services supported by copper pair, coaxial cable and fibre optic networks. In addition to providing the physical conditions for flexible connectivity, it can be supplemented with active equipment for support management, distributing services to different areas of the dwelling. The ITC is part of the individual network of ITED. GLOSSARY - ITED4 65  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The ITC is a Distribution Point - DP comprised of a rack, or alternatively of one or various boxes and the respective client distribution frames (CD), housed in its interior, for interconnection between the collective or operator network and the individual cable network. It is compulsory for the ITC to have the capacity for housing active equipment in its interior, such as electro-optical converters (ONT), routers, switches, modems, CATV/MATV amplifiers, among others. Since it may contain active devices which emit heat, the ITC must be suitably ventilated by convection. Where ventilation is provided by openings in the ITC door, these must be large enough and carefully placed, to dissipate the heat generated inside the ITC. The ITC contains 3 Client Distribution Frames - CD: CD-CP (copper pair), CD-CC (coaxial cable) and CD-FO (fibre optic). The ITC must be equipped with at least one earthed electrical socket, supplied by a circuit of the electrical panel of the dwelling. The ITC must feature at least one earth bar with six earth connections, of 2.5 mm2. The ITC must have sufficient space for the installation of active equipment. This space must have a usable volume of 5 dm3 and ensure, individually in each of the three dimensions, the following minimum dimension:  Width: 150 mm;  Height: 200 mm;  Depth: 100 mm. Where the ITC is comprised of separate boxes, it is compulsory to have at least one electrical socket in the box intended for the installation of active equipment. The boxes comprising the ITC must be interlinked by a minimum of two pipes of Ø40 mm or equivalent in trunking. Figure 3.51 represents two possible configurations of an ITC. ITCs may be installed either vertically or horizontally, without altering their functionality or capacity. GLOSSARY - ITED4 66  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.51 - Two possible configurations for an ITC - single box and separate boxes Espaço para equipamentos ativos Space for active equipment Repartidores: Distribution Frames: The ITC, when comprised of a rack, should be accompanied by a diagram with the intended configuration, as shown in figure 3.52. Fibre distribution panel - SC/APC connectors. Horizontal copper distribution panel – RJ45 Cat. 6. Horizontal coaxial cable distribution panel Operator panel (copper and fibre) Operator panel (coaxial). Zone for active equipment and power supply. Active 3.52 - Example of an ITC - Rack 3.3.2.2.1 COMPOSITION AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE CD-CP The CD-CP is comprised of RJ45 female connectors, enabling the distribution of the signal through the copper pair TS. The CD-CP enables the creation of a local area network based on active equipment (DSL model, router, switch). It is recommended that the CD-CP enable the distribution of landline telephone services over the copper pair TS. 3.3.2.2.2 COMPOSITION AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE CD-CC The CD-CC may be made up of a single coaxial distribution frame, for S/MATV or CATV. The CD-CC enables the distribution of S/MATV or CATV signals over all TS. 3.3.2.2.3 COMPOSITION AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE CD-FO The CD-FO is comprised of SC/APC adapters, enabling the signal distribution over the fibre optic TS. GLOSSARY - ITED4 67  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.3.2.3 SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION POINT - SDP The Supplementary Distribution Point - SDP is an additional element in terms of flexibility of the telecommunications infrastructure, enabling the distribution, amplification and regeneration of signals. SDPs must have at least one earthed electrical socket, intended to supply the active equipment. The dimensioning of the SDP must be appropriate for its purpose in the architecture of the network. 3.3.2.4 INDIVIDUAL TRANSITION POINT - ITP The Individual Transition Point - ITP is a Distribution Point used as an interconnection element in the three technologies, between the cables from the collective network (or operator network) and the cables heading into the dwelling. The ITP allows the installation at different times of the individual cabling and collective cabling. The following situations are therefore possible: a) Redesign of the collective network without any intervention in the dwellings, and ensuring the interconnection with the individual networks by the installation of an ITP for each dwelling; b) Reformulation of an individual network, ensuring its interconnection with the collective network (or operator network), by the installation of an ITP. The ITP may be installed in the collective area or individual area. Figure 3.53 shows an example of the operating principle of an ITP based on connections appropriate to each technology. 3.53 - Example of an ITP Cabos da rede coletiva, ou de operador Cables from the collective network or operator network Cabos da rede individual Cables from the individual network União em PC CP connection União em CC CC connection União em FO FO connection GLOSSARY - ITED4 68  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.3.2.5 SERVICE CONCENTRATION POINT - SCP The Service Concentration Point - SCP is used in constructed residential buildings, under ITED4a, as an element of the individual network. The main functions of the SCP are centralising the cables from the collective network (or operator network), distribution of signals in various areas and direct availability of TS in the various technologies. The SCP must be able to accommodate the telecommunications services supported on the copper pair, coaxial cable and fibre optic networks. The SCP must comply with the following requirements: a) Termination of copper pair cables from the ITP in an RJ45 female connector; b) Termination of coaxial cables from the ITP in F female connectors; c) Termination of the two fibre optic cables from the ITP in a SC/APC adapter; d) Termination of copper pair cables from the TS in RJ45 female connectors; e) Termination of coaxial cables from the TS in F female connectors; It should be noted that the cables that enter the SCP may not originate in an ITP, as there may not be one. Figure 3.54 provides an example of two models of a SCP, which serves five areas of use within a dwelling. One of the areas of use is precisely the place of installation of the SCP, as it is comprised of the TS itself. GLOSSARY - ITED4 69  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY T5 RF in Oper. Fibra Repartidor T1 T2 T3 T4 OP. Coax/Cobre T5 T6 T7 T8 Oper. Fibra T1 T2 T3 T4 OP. Coax/Cobre 3.54 - Examples of SCP with and without a signal splitter Oper. Fibra Fibre Operator RF in RF in Repartidor Distribution Frame OP. Coax/Cobre Coax/Copper Operator Figure 3.55 shows an example of the modules comprising an SCP 3.55 - Examples of modules comprising an SCP GLOSSARY - ITED4 70  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 3.3.2.6 CABLING RACK REQUIREMENTS Cabling racks should also be used where possible when establishing a Distribution Point - DP, in view of their flexibility and versatility relative to other cabinet solutions. The racks used in ITED must have the appropriate dimensions to accommodate the equipment to be installed and must meet the following minimum requirements: a) They should have a door with a lock or latch, to restrict unauthorised access; b) They should have an electrical power supply, via circuits suitably protected, connected to earth connection rails; c) Mandatory ventilation (active or passive), as required by the installed equipment; d) They should possess guides for installing captive cabling, and guides for keeping patching cords tidy; e) Passive panels must identify sockets; f) An earth bar should also feature. Figure 3.56 shows an example of a wall-mounted rack and the ventilation system of a cabling rack. 3.56 - Wall rack and ventilation system 3.3.2.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS Telecommunications rooms are spaces in enclosed compartments which meet the appropriate requirements to house equipment and devices. Doors should open outwards to comply with applicable safety regulations. The types and dimensions of telecommunications rooms are given in Table 3.57. TYPE OF MINIMUM TELECOMMUNICATIONS NO. OF DWELLINGS DIMENSIONS [cm] ROOM S0 up to 32 300 x 100 S1 from 33 to 64 300 x 200 S2 from 65 to 100 300 x 300 GLOSSARY - ITED4 71  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY S3 more than 100 600 x 300 3.57 - Types and dimensions of telecommunications rooms The degrees of complexity of the building, as defined in EN 50174-1, are based on the type of building and fixed number of cables, defined as the quantity of cables contained in the Rising Mains - RM, at the highest place of occupancy, as shown in table 3.58. DEGREE OF COMPLEXITY OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE Fixed number of cables BUILDING TYPE 2 to 10 11 to 100 101 to 1 000 > 1 000 Offices 1 2 3 4 Industrial 1 2 3 4 Residential 1 2 3 4 Mixed 2 3 3 4 3.58 - Degrees of complexity of buildings Telecommunications rooms must meet the following minimum requirements: a) Minimum height 2.2 m; b) Indelible markings on the door reading “Telecomunicações” [Telecommunications]; c) Ventilation system. d) Lighting adequate for the performance of work requiring prolonged visual effort; e) Electrical installation offering at least one sockets circuit and one lighting circuit with cut-off and protection system; f) A fire extinguisher. The following is recommended in the construction of telecommunications rooms:  Controlled environment ensuring a temperature range between 18 ºC and 24 ºC and relative humidity between 30 % and 55 %;  Recommended installation height above ground-water level;  Anti-static, anti-slip floor covering;  Cable input box. 3.4 S/MATV AERIALS Aerials are an integral part of S/MATV systems and their installation is compulsory in buildings with two or more dwellings. GLOSSARY - ITED4 72  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The aerials provided for in ITED are the following: a) UHF aerial which receives the free-to-air DTT, in A-digital areas; b) Satellite dish that receives the DTT signal broadcast by satellite, in B-digital areas. GLOSSARY - ITED4 73  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4 PROJECT The objective of the technical regulations defined in this chapter is to establish standardised procedures for preparing ITED projects, applicable to new buildings and constructed buildings. These technical regulations and requirements should always be understood as the minimum, and the designer must assess their suitability for the type of building, its use and needs expressed by the project owner, without prejudice to the use of others regarded as being more stringent, provided they comply with applicable European Standards. Article 3(n) of DL 123 refers to various types of construction, in particular construction, reconstruction, alteration, repair, conservation, restoration, adaptation and upgrading. Construction standards and municipal regulations may use other terms to designate the type of intervention to take place in the physical structures of buildings, and the respective equivalence should be made with the terms included in this manual. The ITED project is mandatory in new buildings, in the reconstruction of buildings and in alterations of infrastructure in buildings constructed in accordance with table 4.1. ITED POINTS OF TYPE OF PROJECT THE MANUAL DESCRIPTION BUILDING/DWELL DL123 RULES TO TO BE ING BE APPLIED APPLIED Construction Construction works to create new buildings. Residential and Reconstruction (with or non-residential ITED4 4.1 and 4.2 Article 59 without the preservation of the buildings and façade) dwellings Construction works following the total or partial demolition of a building. Alteration of constructed Non-residential buildings buildings and ITED4 4.1 and 4.2 dwelling The term “alteration” is generally applied to all buildings that have already been built and in which an alteration of the existing telecommunications Residential infrastructure is required. The 4.1, 4.3.1 and buildings and ITED4a alteration covers the terms 4.3.2 dwellings rehabilitation, refurbishment, renovation, modification, Article 83 redesign and updating. Extension of constructed Residential and buildings non-residential 4.1, 4.3.1 and ITED4 buildings and 4.3.3 dwellings Alteration of constructed Residential and ITED4 buildings for adaptation to a non-residential Simplified 4.1 and 4.4 technology buildings and Technical dwellings Project GLOSSARY - ITED4 74  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Intervention intended to equip a building with a new technology or adapt an existing one. Conservation of existing infrastructure Residential and Does not require an ITED Normally arises with the need to non-residential project and should be carried Article 73 maintain or repair existing buildings and out by an ITED installer telecommunications dwellings infrastructure. 4.1 - Application of ITED project rules 4.1 GENERAL PROJECT REGULATIONS These general regulations are generally applied to all buildings, whether new or already built. 4.1.1 LISTED BUILDINGS For buildings included in the listed heritage type, or in the process of classification, as defined in point 2.5.4 of this manual, constraints are permitted in the adoption of some of the technical solutions prescribed in this manual, provided that they are properly justified by the designer, namely by documentation issued by Municipal Councils, the Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage (DGPC), or other official institutions with such competence. 4.1.2 BUILDINGS WITH TWO OR MORE DWELLINGS DESIGNED AS INDIVIDUAL In buildings with two or more dwellings with independent entrances, or without a common services electrical switchboard, the infrastructure may be designed as individual, i.e. without a collective network, the installation of a Top Aerial Passage - TAP and a CVM, or CAM, per dwelling being mandatory. Although the infrastructure of the building is designed without a collective network, it is mandatory to install, in each of the dwellings, a (DTT) TDT reception system, in compliance with Article 59(2) of the DL123. This solution may be used, for example, in terraced dwellings or developed in height (apartment). 4.1.3 PREPARATION OF THE ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT The ITED project is an engineering activity, where the network architecture and all the associated technical specifications are defined. It aims to specify a set of solutions, supported by the technical regulations in this manual and the needs expressed by the project owner. MAIN CONSTRAINTS OF AN ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT The most relevant aspects that affect the solutions adopted in the preparation of the ITED project are the following: a) The geographical location of the building; b) The type of building, and the number and characteristics of the dwellings comprising it; c) The assessment of the electronic communications infrastructure already existing in the building, if applicable; GLOSSARY - ITED4 75  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY d) The assessment of the proximity of the public electronic communications networks, with a view to determining the location of the boundary points of ITED; e) The MICE classification associated with the building’s use, to define the characteristics of the piping, cabling and materials to be used; f) The safety and confidentiality of the electronic communications; g) The technologies to be made available in the use of the building; h) The offers available on the market, in particular in terms of materials, devices and equipment; i) The budgeting restrictions imposed by the project owner; j) Compliance with the planned schedule. 4.1.3.1 PREPARATION PHASES OF THE ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT Part of the preparation of an ITED project is a methodological approach which includes the following phases: Fase 1 Fase 2 Fase 3 Fase 4 Fase 5 Fase 6 Definição das Análise e proposta de Definição de critérios Escolha da Elaboração do Acompanhamento em várias alternativas de de comparação de obra da execução do condicionantes do alternativa mais Projeto ITED solução alternativas de solução Projeto ITED projeto favorável Fase 1 Phase 1 Definição das condicionantes do projeto Definition of the project constraints Fase 2 Phase 2 Análise e proposta de várias alternativas de Analysis and proposal of various solution solução alternatives Fase 3 Phase 3 Definição de critérios de comparação de Definition of comparison criteria for solution alternativas de solução alternatives Fase 4 Phase 4 Escolha da alternativa mais favorável Selection of the most favourable alternative Fase 5 Phase 5 Elaboração do Projeto ITED Preparation of the ITED Project Fase 6 Phase 6 Acompanhamento em obra da execução do Monitoring of the ITED Project implementation Projeto ITED works Phase 1 - Definition of the project constraints, informing the project owner of the assessment of the latter and how they will affect the final result. In this phase, the initial project constraints may be redefined, in particular those expressed by the project owner. Phase 2 - Analysis and proposal of various solution alternatives by the designer. Presentation to the project owner with the compilation of elements to allow a better characterisation in view of the existing constraints. Phase 3 - Definition of the comparison criteria of the different solution alternatives, with the weighting of the cost/benefit commitment. Phase 4 - Selection of the most favourable alternative. Presentation of the latter to the project owner and attainment of his/her agreement. GLOSSARY - ITED4 76  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Phase 5 - Preparation of the ITED Project, through the dimensioning of the elements comprising it. Issue of the respective certificate of completion for the project through the ANACOM platform and delivery of the latter to the project owner. Phase 6 - Ensure the monitoring of the work, by him/herself or his/her authorised representative, as set out in Article 69(1)(d) of DL123. 4.1.3.2 ITED TECHNICAL PROJECT ELEMENTS The elements to be included in the ITED Project are provided for in Article 70 of DL123. Technical projects should not simply be transcriptions of this manual. The technical project must include the following elements: a) Identifying information of the ITED designer, who assumes responsibility for the project, namely with the indication of the registration number in a public association of a professional nature; b) Identification of the building for which it is intended, namely its purpose; c) Project Specification, containing, in particular: i) General description of the solution adopted with a view to the fulfilment of the legal and regulatory provisions in force. The solutions adopted which are a consequence of the specific constraints of the building, and the clarifications required for the interpretation of the project, regarding its design and function and aspects relating to the execution thereof during the works or by the installer; ii) Indication of the characteristics of the materials, construction elements, systems, equipment and networks associated with the technical installations; iii) Assumptions taken into account, in particular the characteristics of the technical access interfaces of public electronic communications networks; iv) Technical characteristics with which the equipment, materials and components to be used in the infrastructure must comply, in particular with the indication of the references of the materials to be installed (the indication of brands is allowed, provided equivalent alternatives are referred to). d) Measurements and bills of quantities, indicating the nature and quantity of the works necessary for the execution of the works, in particular with the indication of the list of material, specifying the quantities; e) Budget based on the type and quantity of the works in the measurements; f) Other structural elements of the project, in particular: i) Technical specifications in accordance with the complexity and requirements of the building, which enable the building to be described as regards its location, type of works, number of dwellings, number of floors, ITED boundaries and total number of TS per technology; ii) Topographical plan of the location of the building (scale equal to or greater than 1:5 000), indicating the geographic location coordinates (GNSS) in in the form of degrees (º), minutes (‘) and seconds (“), as well as plans of each of the floors with the implementation of the piping network and boxes and other constituent elements of the network or sections comprising the building, using a scale technically adapted to the installation; iii) Piping network schematics, in particular of its layout, indicating the location and interconnection of its elements, regarding which the following must be included: dimensions, type and environmental class, diagrams of the Distribution Points - DP with the arrangement of the devices and space reserved for the operator primaries. If the GLOSSARY - ITED4 77  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Distribution Point is a rack, the project must contain a part designed with a front layout with the positioning and identification of the modules and equipment comprising it. The project must contain sequential and unambiguous numbering, by technology, telecommunications sockets (e.g. PC1, PC2, …; CC1, CC2, …; FO1, FO2, …). If there is a telecommunications room, the project should contain its drawing in the plan and in a cross section, marking all the elements present and the interconnections between them. iv) Cable network schematics, indicating its layout and respective interconnections indicating the capacities of the devices and cables and their respective environmental class and location of the cable entries; v) Dimensioning tables for cables for each technology; vi) Calculations of signal levels, in particular of the S/MATV system and attenuations of the fibre optic and coaxial networks; vii) Schematics of the electrical installations and earthing of the infrastructure; viii) Analysis of the specificity of the connections to the telecommunications infrastructure of electronic communications companies. g) Date and signature. ITED SIMPLIFIED TECHNICAL PROJECT The simplified technical project applies to a single technology. Its preparation complies with the same criteria as all the other ITED criteria and, therefore, it must include the same mandatory elements concerning the technology to which it refers. Therefore, the obligation of the designer is maintained to issue the respective Certificate of Completion for the project, via the ANACOM platform, and deliver it to the project owner. 4.1.4 PIPING NETWORK PROJECT 4.1.4.1 GENERAL Throughout the piping network project, in the references to pipes, their equivalences may be included in other types of piping, such as trunking and cable trays. For the purpose of dimensioning the piping network, the designer shall: a) Apply formulas 4.4 and 4.5 for the calculation of the minimum diameters of the pipes and minimum useful section of trunking and cable trays; b) Take into account, in the use of trunking and cable trays, table 4.6 of equivalences between the trade diameter of a pipe and the sections of a trunking compartment or cable tray; c) Take into account that pipes from ITED and trunking and cable tray compartments, are for the exclusive passage of telecommunications cables; d) Apply point 3.3 of this manual in relation to the devices and materials to be used in the dimensioning of the piping network; e) Identify the reserve piping routes with the letter “R”; f) Provide for the installation of the Distribution Points outside bathrooms, kitchens, ceilings and emergency exits (except building entrances); g) Avoid or minimise the use of junction boxes, with preference being given to direct connection routes from Distribution Points - DP to sockets; GLOSSARY - ITED4 78  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY h) Take into account the respective external diameter in the calculation of the capacity of the pipes; i) Take into account that the designations of external diameter and trade diameter are the same; j) Comply with the minimum dimensions established for each section of pipe, along its entire route; k) In the calculation of the capacity of trunking or cable trays, its internal section must be taken into account. If it is divided into several compartments, the space occupied by the dividers; l) Take into account, between boxes or pull boxes, a maximum distance of 50 m. This distance may be 120 m when pipes of Ø63 mm or higher are used. In the installation of fibre optic cables, the use of pipes of Ø25 mm is recommended. 4.1.4.2 DIAGRAM OF THE PIPING NETWORK Figure 4.2 shows the general diagram of the piping of an ITED building, where the underground boundary of the ITED is a CAM: GLOSSARY - ITED4 79  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY PAT ATE superior TT TT ATI TT TT ATI TT TT CAIXA DE TT TT TT TT COLUNA CP TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT ATI CAIXA DE ATI COLUNA TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT CP TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT TT ATE ATI inferior TT TT TT TT TT TT CAM 4.2 - Collective and individual piping network of an ITED building PAT TAP ATE superior Upper BTC GLOSSARY - ITED4 80  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY CAIXA DE COLUNA MAINS BOX ATE inferior Lower BTC ATI ITC TT TS CAM CAM Figure 4.3 shows the general diagram of the piping of an ITED building, comprised of a single- family dwelling, in which the underground boundary of the ITED is a CAM: 4.3 - Individual piping network in a single-family house CAM CAM PAT TAP Caption of the two previous diagrams: ITC: Individual Telecommunications Cabinet BTC: Buildings Telecommunications Cabinet CAM: Multi-operator (Access) Box TS: Telecommunications Socket TAP: Top Aerial Passage PB: Pull Box - Copper pair TS GLOSSARY - ITED4 81  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY - Coaxial cable TS - Fibre optic TS 4.1.4.3 DIMENSIONING OF PIPING AND TRUNKING The main constraint of the dimensioning of the ITED piping network is the diameter of the cables to be housed inside it. During the useful life of a building, it may be necessary to update the cabling networks and therefore piping should make it easy to remove old cables and insert new ones. The minimum diameter of the pipe is calculated using formula 4.4, taking into account the diameters of all the cables to be threaded. ≥2 × + + + 4.4 - Calculation of the minimum diameter of the pipe Dtubo: minimum diameter of the pipe (mm) dn: external diameter of the cable (mm) Based on the calculation of diameter previously obtained, the designer shall determine the trade diameter of the piping to be used. The trade diameter must be greater than or equal to the diameter previously calculated. For example: Four cables are required to be threaded with the following diameters: - Two 6.5 mm copper pair cables; - Two 7 mm coaxial cables. ≥ 2 x 6,5 + 6,5 + 7 + 7 ≥ 27,02 Considering the existing trade diameters Ø20, Ø25, Ø32 and Ø40 mm, the choice falls on the Ø32 mm pipe. For the purpose of the dimensioning of trunking, formula 4.5 should be used. ≥ ×( + + + ) 2 4.5 - Calculation of the minimum useful section of the trunking compartment GLOSSARY - ITED4 82  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Su: minimum useful section of the trunking compartment (mm2) dn: external diameter of the cable (mm) The equivalence between the diameter of a pipe and a section of trunking is indicated in table 4.6. EQUIVALENT SECTION TRADE DIAMETER OF A OF A TRUNKING PIPE (in mm) COMPARTMENT (in mm2) 20 89 25 139 32 227 40 355 50 555 63 881 75 1249 90 1798 110 2686 4.6 - Equivalence between diameters and sections 4.1.4.4 CABLE TRAYS The option to use cable trays should be preceded by careful and adequate analysis of the environmental class of the location and the corresponding constraints. Cable trays are in fact systems and not individual elements. As such, only accessories which form part of the same system should be used. They should be dimensioned on the basis of the information provided by the manufacturer. For the dimensioning of cable trays, the requirements referred to in point 3.3.1.3 of this manual should be taken into account. For the calculation of the minimum useful section and equivalence with the diameter of the pipes, the same method should be used as for trunking compartments. 4.1.4.5 BOXES The distribution of the boxes and their dimensioning should be in accordance with the dimensioning of the conduits and types of cable networks. The dimensioning of the boxes should take into account the number and type of conduits to be terminated in its interior. Sufficient space must be provided for the distribution of cables and possible technical reserves, in particular for networks of emerging technologies. GLOSSARY - ITED4 83  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.1.4.6 RACKS The general use of racks is the preferred criteria in the establishment of DP, in particular of BTC and ITC. The project should contain a part designed with a front layout with the positioning and identification of the modules and equipment comprising the rack. For the dimensioning, the functional requirements of the distribution points to be established and point 3.3.2.6 of this manual should be taken into account. 4.1.4.7 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS The installation of a telecommunications room is mandatory whenever the following conditions are simultaneously met:  Complexity of the infrastructure of level 3 or 4, according to table 3.58;  Number of dwellings greater than 64. The project must include the following elements regarding its dimensions: a) Telecommunications room plan layout and cross-section; b) The indication and signposting of all the elements present there, and the respective interconnections; c) The connections to the power board. For the dimensioning of telecommunications rooms, the requirements referred to in point 3.3.2.7 of this manual. 4.1.4.8 DIMENSIONING OF ITED BOUNDARIES Figure 4.7 shows a schematic representation of an ITED piping network. CVM Localização Identificação Câmara Na via pública, ou no exterior De forma visível e indelével, de Visita do edifício mas no interior do com as inscrições “CVM” e Multioperador prédio “Telecomunicações” Identificação CAM Localização FRONTEIRAS DA REDE DE De forma visível e indelével, Caixa de Acesso Embutido na parede exterior TUBAGENS com a inscrição Multioperador do edifício ou em pedestal “Telecomunicações” Localização PAT Terminação No local indicado em projeto Passagem Aérea de para a colocação do mastro No exterior do edifício Topo das antenas 4.7 - ITED piping network boundaries FRONTEIRAS DA REDE DE TUBAGENS PIPING NETWORK BOUNDARIES GLOSSARY - ITED4 84  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY CVM CVM Câmara de Visita Multioperador Multi-Operator Manhole Localização Location Na via pública, ou no exterior do edifício masOn the public road or outside the building but no interior do prédio inside the property Identificação Identification De forma visível e indelével, com as Visible and indelible, with the words “CVM” inscrições “CVM” e “Telecomunicações” and “Telecomunicações” [Telecommunications] CAM CAM Caixa de Acesso Multioperador Multi-operator (Access) Box Localização Location Embutido na parede exterior do edifício ou em Embedded in the exterior wall of the building pedestal or in a pedestal. Identificação Identification De forma visível e indelével, com a inscrição Visible and indelible, with the word “Telecomunicações” “Telecomunicações” [Telecommunications] PAT TAP Passagem Aérea de Topo Top Aerial Passage Localização Location No local indicado em projeto para a colocação At the location indicated in the project for the do mastro das antenas placing of the aerial mast. Terminação End No exterior do edifício Outside the building 4.1.4.8.1 ITED UNDERGROUND BOUNDARY The underground boundary of the ITED piping network is comprised of the CVM or CAM, for the end of the conduits from the building. The CVM and CAM establish the piping boundary between the ITED and the public telecommunications networks or ITUR. The CVM and CAM are the only points permitted for the entrance of cables from underground, aerial or façade sections. The dimensioning of the above conduits is described in table 4.8. MINIMUM DIMENSIONING OF INTERCONNECTION CONDUITS BETWEEN THE CVM/CAM AND THE BTC/ITC BUILDING TYPE PIPING (diameter in mm) Buildings with 1 dwelling 1 x Ø40 Buildings with 2 to 20 dwellings 2 x Ø40 Buildings with more than 20 dwellings 2 x Ø63 4.8 - Dimensioning of interconnections The CVM and CAM form an integral part of ITED, and it is prohibited for them to be shared by several buildings. GLOSSARY - ITED4 85  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.1.4.8.1.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE CVM If the existence of a CVM is considered, the project must indicate the place for its installation on the plan in accordance with the following requirements: a) The location of the CVM is outside the building; b) The CVM may be installed on the public road or inside properties, whether they be rustic, urban or mixed, where the buildings are situated; c) The location of the CVM must be determined taking into consideration the location of the elements of the public telecommunications networks and foreseeable supply of services; d) If the place of installation of the CVM is on the public road, it must be installed as close as possible to the property (rustic, urban or mixed) boundary; e) If the place of installation of the CVM is inside the property (always outside the building), it must be installed at a distance of not more than 1.5 m, from its boundaries, ensuring the installation of underground piping along one of the sides of the CVM. This piping, extended until the limits of the property, is comprised of 2 horizontal and parallel pipes of Ø63 mm, terminating at a maximum depth of 30 cm, below ground, accessible from the outside, since they are for the interconnection with the public telecommunications network; f) The CVM shall comply with the minimum internal dimensions referred to in point 3.3.1.4.1 of this manual; g) The choice of the load index of the CVM cover, suitable for the place of installation of the latter, must be indicated in the project; h) The dimensioning of the CVM must enable the termination of the piping of the building on one of its sides. 4.1.4.8.1.2 DIMENSIONING OF THE CAM If the existence of a CAM is considered, the project must indicate the place for its installation on the plan or elevation, in accordance with the following requirements: a) The CAM is installed at the property boundary, next to the public road; b) If the CAM is installed on a boundary wall of a property, which is not the wall of a building, its opening may be either to the inside or outside. c) If the property boundary is the exterior wall of a building, the opening of the CAM shall be to the outside; d) The location of the CAM must be determined taking into consideration the location of the elements of the public telecommunications networks and foreseeable supply of services; e) The CAM shall comply with the minimum internal dimensions referred to in point 3.3.1.4.2 of this manual and its interior side may not be at a distance of more than 1.5 m from ground level. This side shall be extended to allow the interconnection with the public telecommunications network through 2 pipes of Ø63 mm, which terminate at a minimum distance of 30 cm below ground level, as shown in figure 4.9; f) In constructed buildings, it may be impossible to install the CVM or CAM with the opening on to the public road. In this case, it is exceptionally permitted for the opening of the CVM to be into the building, provided that such impossibility is duly substantiated by the designer in the Project Specification; g) The CAM is exclusively for the threading of operator cables to the building, and its use is not permitted for the threading of other cables. Figure 4.9 shows an example of a CAM. GLOSSARY - ITED4 86  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY TELECOMUNICAÇÕES 4.9 - Example of the installation of a CAM Parede Wall Nível do Solo Ground level Figures 4.10 and 4.11 show two installation options for the CAM, in a single-family dwelling, with opening to the interior and to the exterior. GLOSSARY - ITED4 87  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.10 - CAM with opening to the outside of the property CAM CAM ATI ITC GLOSSARY - ITED4 88  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.11 - CAM with opening into the property CAM CAM ATI ITC 4.1.4.8.2 ITED NON-UNDERGROUND BOUNDARY The non-underground boundary of the ITED piping network is comprised of the TAP, the point of the network intended exclusively for the connection between the ITED and the aerials installed on the top of the building, whether they are for use of current services, or to satisfy the needs of future electronic communications services, in particular 5G. The aerials of the S/MATV systems that are installed outside the implantation area of the building using specific piping are still required to have a TAP. 4.1.4.8.2.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE TAP The project must indicate on the plan the location for the TAP installation, in accordance with the following requirements: a) Its installation is mandatory in all buildings; b) The TAP starts in the BTC, ITC, or in a mains box, and terminates outside the place indicated in the project, and should be dimensioned in accordance with table 4.12; c) The dimensioning of the piping of the rising mains must take into consideration the possible passage of cables from aerials; d) TAP pipes are for the exclusive installation of cables from aerials. It is accepted that possible pull boxes may be shared with other telecommunications cables permitted in ITED; GLOSSARY - ITED4 89  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY e) It should be installed on the top of the building, terminating outside, on the roof area. In buildings, which for technical construction reasons it is not possible to install piping on the roof, it is accepted that the TAP be installed on the side of the building, at a distance of less than 1 m from the roof. This exception must be duly substantiated by the designer in the Project Specification; f) The minimum dimensioning of the piping established for the building must be ensured along the route of the TAP piping. MINIMUM DIMENSIONING OF TAP CONDUITS NO. OF DWELLINGS PIPING (diameter in mm) 1 1 x Ø40 2 or more 2 x Ø40 4.12 - Dimensioning of the TAP 4.1.4.8.3 DIMENSIONING OF THE ACCESS PIPING The project must provide for the access piping, which enables the adequate passage of network operator cables to the place where the ITED cabling network begins. Access piping includes the CVM or CAM and the respective connection piping to the BTC and ITC. The project must also provide for the dimensioning of access conduits, as described below. These access conduits are still required to have the two mandatory Ø63 mm pipes, when considered an extension of the side of the CAM, or of the CVM, when installed inside the property. 4.1.4.8.3.1 ACCESS CONDUITS IN AERIAL LAYOUT AREAS In the case of buildings located in areas where the public network layouts are aerial, in particular via masts, there must be access conduits to enable the connection from the CVM, or CAM, to the mast located in an area adjacent to the plot boundaries. This connection must be made by a pipe with a minimum of Ø40 mm. In the absence of masts adjacent to the property, it is recommended that the access conduit be extended to the property boundary. The example in figure 4.13 provides a view of a connection between an operator network with an aerial layout, by masts, and a building. GLOSSARY - ITED4 90  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.13 - Transition from aerial to underground layout Rede de operadores em traçado aéreo Operator networks with aerial layout Transição da rede de operador para traçado Transition from the operator network to an subterrâneo das ITED, através da CVM (ou da underground layout of the ITED, through the CAM) CVM (or CAM) ATI ITC 4.1.4.8.3.2 ACCESS CONDUITS IN AREAS WITH A FAÇADE LAYOUT In the cases of buildings located in areas where public networks are installed on the façade, there must be connections, via conduit, from the CVM, or CAM, to the transition areas for operator networks. The access piping must be recessed in the construction and allow the connection from the CVM, or CAM, to the operator networks which serve the building. The access piping, with the exception of the CVM, must enable the housing of the cables using the building’s façade, even if they are not intended to provide services to the latter, so that operators can migrate their cable network. If there are operator devices installed on the building’s façade, the designer must forecast solutions with the operator(s) to enable those devices to be housed. Where there is a CVM, the latter may be used for the passage of cables of operators not serving the building. Contrary to the CVM, the CAM cannot be used for the above-mentioned passage of cables, as it is exclusively for the cabling serving the building. Where it is not possible to execute the recessed solution in the construction, other solutions must be designed that eliminate or minimise the visual impact on the aesthetics of the building. If exposed conduits are used, these must have a behaviour which is appropriate to the application, in particular regarding resistance against mechanical shocks, wind, ice formation, minimum and maximum temperatures and solar radiation. By way of example, figures 4.14, 4.15 and 4.16 illustrate some possible solutions. The solution in figure 4.14, with a piping network layout in a “U-shape”, forecasts a solution in a piping network layout in a “U-shape”, where a horizontal solution is forecast in an underground GLOSSARY - ITED4 91  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY conduit and respective vertical transitions, recessed in the construction, for connection to the places of passage of the operator networks, using the CVM. Edifício novo ou alterado Edifício existente Edifício existente Redes de operadores Redes de operadores (traçado em fachada) (traçado em fachada) Transição vertical para traçado subterrâneo ATE (ou ATI) Traçado subterrâneo CVM Traçado subterrâneo 4.14 - Transition from façade to underground layout Edifício existente Existing building Redes de operadores (traçado em fachada) Operator networks (façade layout) Transição vertical para traçado subterrâneo Vertical transition for underground layout Traçado subterrâneo Underground layout Edifício novo ou alterado New or altered building ATE (ou ATI) BTC (or ITC) CVM CVM Edifício novo ou alterado New or altered building The solution in figure 4.15 enables the horizontal layout of the operator networks to be kept, through their protection in technical trunking, or in an element of the architecture of the building, thus considerably reducing the visual impact of the crossing of cables. This solution may also consider the installation of cabinets to accommodate possible operator devices. The solution presented uses a CAM, intended for the exclusive use of the cabling serving the building. GLOSSARY - ITED4 92  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.15 - Façade cables housed in trunking Edifício existente Existing building Redes de operadores (traçado em fachada) Operator networks (façade layout) Ligação à CAM (embebida) Connection to CAM (recessed) Edifício alterado Altered building Alojamento de cablagem de operadores Housing of operator cabling CAM CAM The solution in figure 4.16 provides an example of a “U-shape” solution, through the use of a CVM for operator cabling, at the same time that access to the building is through a CAM. This solution may be the most viable, depending on the layout of the existing cabling and access to the building. GLOSSARY - ITED4 93  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.16 - Transition from façade to underground embedded layout Edifício existente Existing building Redes de operadores (traçado em fachada) Operator networks (façade layout) Transição vertical, em tubo, das redes de Vertical transition, in piping, of operator operador para traçado subterrâneo networks to underground layout Traçado subterrâneo Underground layout Edifício novo ou alterado New or altered building Ligação à CAM (embebida) Connection to CAM (recessed) ATE (ou ATI) BTC (or ITC) CAM CAM CVM CVM The proposed solutions do not eliminate other technical solutions, as long as the project provides for other forms of removing or accommodating façade cables, and provided that access to the building remains through the CVM or CAM. 4.1.4.9 COLLECTIVE PIPING NETWORK The CVM and CAM are elements of the collective network, where there is one, and their dimensioning is established in point 4.1.4.8.1 of this manual. GLOSSARY - ITED4 94  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.1.4.9.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE RISING MAINS In buildings with three floors or more, the existence of a Rising Mains (RM) is mandatory. The RM starts at the BTC and must comply with the following requirements: a) It must be made up of at least three conduits, or equivalent, each dedicated to accommodating a cabling technology (copper pair, coaxial cable and fibre optic); b) The diameter of the pipes of the collective network cannot be less than 40 mm along its entire route, or equivalent: c) The connection diverters to the ITC must be comprised of a pipe with a diameter of at least 40 mm; d) A mains box must be provided for each floor. Mains boxes must be designed to avoid, or minimise, curves and the crossing of cabling; e) On floors for which the BTC is designed, the rising mains is not required; f) In situations in which only one dwelling covers various floors, it is only mandatory to install one mains box on one of the floors. 4.1.4.9.2 DIMENSIONING OF THE BTC The BTC is part of the collective piping network, and its installation is mandatory in buildings with collective infrastructure. The project should indicate the area defined for the BTC installation on the plan, which should be installed inside the building and where possible in a central area of the latter. Under certain conditions, the designer may consider the existence of an external BTC, suited to the MICE environmental class of the area. The external BTC may be located on one of the façades of the building, on the perimeter wall of the property or in any other place of common ownership. The BTC must be dimensioned in accordance with point 3.3.2.1 of this manual, and with the following requirements: a) Good ventilation and accessibility; b) Provide space for housing Distribution Frames - DF and equipment to be installed by operators; c) Contain the minimum internal dimensions described in table 4.17. The BTC may be comprised of a cabinet with the characteristics of a rack. Dimensions must be defined in accordance with the desired requirements, characteristics and objectives of the installations, therefore, may not comply with the minimum dimensions established above. The establishment of a BTC without the use of a specific cabinet is possible (such as the installation of the devices in a panel in a telecommunications room), provided adequate accommodation conditions are ensured and that they are identical to those specified for BTC boxes. The BTC may be divided, namely into a lower BTC, complying with the dimensions indicated in table 4.17 and an upper BTC, complying with the minimum internal dimensions of 400 mm x 400 mm and a depth of 150 mm. In buildings without a telecommunications room, it is mandatory for the BTC to be divided in buildings with four or more floors. For the purpose of the above calculation, floors without dwellings are excluded, in particular those for parking or storage. GLOSSARY - ITED4 95  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY NO. OF BTC - MINIMUM INTERNAL DIMENSIONS DWELLINGS (W x H x P) [mm] 2 to 10 500 x 600 x 200 11 to 22 800 x 900 x 200 More than 23 800 x 1 000 x 200 4.17 - Minimum dimension of the BTC 4.1.4.10 INDIVIDUAL PIPING NETWORK In buildings with just one dwelling, the CVM and the CAM are part of the individual network, and the dimensioning of these boundaries is established in point 4.1.4.8.1 of this manual. The individual piping network must comply with the following requirements: a) It must be dimensioned to allow the installation of three cable networks (copper pair, coaxial and fibre optic), with the option of sharing the piping for the passage of CP, CC and FO cables; b) The minimum diameter of the pipes must be 20 mm; It is recommended that the installation of pull boxes be avoided by adequately dimensioning the piping network. 4.1.4.10.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE ITC Installation of the Individual Telecommunications Cabinet - ITC is mandatory in all dwellings, both residential and non-residential. The project should indicate the area defined for the installation of the ITC, which should be dimensioned in accordance with the requirements listed in point 3.3.2.2 of this manual. It is recommended that the ITC be installed in a central area of the dwelling, simultaneously aiming to simplify and optimise the project. The central location of the ITC promotes equivalent distances between the latter and the TS, with the resulting standardisation of the attenuation values of the installed cabling. The ITC may be found on the market, already equipped and ready to be installed, or may be built, using cabinets or racks. The installation of a rack-type ITC is recommended, with this being particularly important in non- residential buildings. 4.1.5 CABLING NETWORK PROJECT 4.1.5.1 GENERAL The cabling network project includes the dimensioning of three types of technology: copper pair (CP), coaxial cable (CC) and fibre optic (FO). Operators are responsible for dimensioning the Distribution Frame - DF primaries. The dimensioning of the network is defined according to the type of building and must be in accordance with point 3.2 of this manual, and the following requirements: a) The TS connections are in a star configuration, downstream of the DP; GLOSSARY - ITED4 96  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY b) The connections between DP - DP and DP - DP and TS are deemed to be permanent connections; c) Collective cabling networks are those which establish the connection between the DF and CD; d) Individual cabling networks are those which establish the connection between the CD and TS. 4.1.5.2 ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY The route of the piping network in the Copper Pair - CP and Coaxial Cable - CC technologies must be designed taking into consideration the susceptibility of the copper pair and coaxial cables to exposure to electromagnetic interference from different sources, and which negatively affect signal quality. The designer must identify and assess the different sources of electromagnetic interference present and make every effort to design the CP and CC cabling networks to increase its electromagnetic immunity. In addition to electromagnetic interference of the energy networks present in all ITED, where there are other sources of electromagnetic interference, Standard EN 50174-2 should be consulted, in particular. The electromagnetic immunity of telecommunications cables to the energy network may be increased by using metal piping with earthing, in accordance with Standards EN 50174-2 and EN 50310. An ITED must comply with the following requirements in relation to the separation distance (D), referred to in formula 4.18, between copper pair and coaxial cables and electrical cables: a) Trunking or cable trays may include the installation of power and telecommunications cables, provided that they are in separate compartments and the separation distances are safeguarded; b) The separation distance is not required between power and telecommunications cables in the final 15 metres of connection to the TS. The distance (D) to be ensured between CP and CC cables and power cables is calculated in accordance with the formula 4.18. D=SxP 4.18 - Distance to be ensured S: Separation between power and telecommunications cables P: Factor resulting from the influence of electrical cabling The S and P values should be taken from table 4.19 and table 4.20 below. Separation - S (mm) Types of cable Separation Open metal Open metal Solid metal without an container A container B container GLOSSARY - ITED4 97  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY electromagnetic barrier Copper pair 100 75 50 0 Category 6, unshielded Copper pair Category 6, shielded 50 38 25 0 (shielding attenuation ≥ 55 dB) Copper pair Category 7, shielded 5 10 8 0 Coaxial cables Remarks: Open metal container A - equivalent to a cable tray in metal mesh with dimensions of 50 mm x 100 mm, or a metal cable tray, with a uniform perforated upper base above 20 %, and thickness of the lower wall of 1 mm. Open metal container B - equivalent to a metal cable tray, with a uniform perforated base of less than 20 % and a wall thickness equal to 1 mm. The upper part of the cables installed, must be at least 10 mm under the edge of the side wall of the cable tray. Solid metal container - metal pipe with walls 1.5 mm thick. The classification mentioned results from the provision in the EN 50174 Series, according to the minimum requirement for attenuation of the screening of the types of cable described in this manual. The above EN should be consulted for other types of cables. 4.19 - Separation between power cables and telecommunications cables Number of Electric cabling Electrical circuit circuits factor (P) 1 to 3 0.2 4 to 6 0.4 7 to 9 0.6 10 to 12 0.8 230 V (AC) 13 to 15 1 20 A 1-Phase 16 to 30 2 31 to 45 3 46 to 60 4 61 to 75 5 >75 6 Remarks: 3-Phase circuits are treated as 3 single-phase circuits. Circuits with more than 20 A should be considered as multiples of 20 A . Circuits with a voltage of less than 230 V (AC or DC), should be based on the current, i.e. a 100A 50 V (DC) circuit is equivalent to 5 20 A (P = 0.4) circuits 4.20 - Factor resulting from the effect of electrical cabling GLOSSARY - ITED4 98  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Example 1: Distance to be safeguarded between a coaxial cable and one electrical circuit, in a cable tray without a metal separator: D=SxP D = 10 x 0.2 D = 2 mm Example 2: Distance to be safeguarded between a Category 6 UTP cable and 1 electrical circuit, in separate parallel pipes: D=SxP D = 100 x 0.2 D = 20 mm 4.1.5.3 COPPER PAIR NETWORKS The cabling network project, in the copper pair technology, may require the dimensioning of collective and individual networks, as referred to in figure 4.21. All Copper Pair - CP permanent connections must not be more than 90 metres in length, as shown in figure 4.21. For lengths exceeding 90 metres, a Supplementary Distribution Point (SDP) must be installed to enable the regeneration of signals. Alternatively, for the connection between DP the use of fibre optic cables and the respective CP/FO and FO/CP conversion equipment may be considered. Acesso Rede Coletiva Pares de Cobre Rede Individual Pares de Cobre Operadores RG-PC RC-PC Primário OP1 Ligação Permanente Ligação Permanente Sec. TT Primário OP2 Cabo pares de cobre Cabo pares de cobre Classe E Classe E ATE Comprimento ≤ 90 m ATI Comprimento ≤ 90 m 4.21 - Example of a collective and individual copper pair network Acesso Operadores Operator Access Primário OP1 Primary OP1 Sec. Sec. RG-PC DF-CP ATE BTC Rede Coletiva Pares de Cobre Collective Copper Pair Network Ligação Permanente Permanent Connection GLOSSARY - ITED4 99  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Cabo pares de cobre Copper pair cable Classe E Class E Comprimento ≤ 90 m Length ≤ 90 m ATI ITC Rede Individual Pares de Cobre Individual Copper Pair Network The dimensioning of the copper pair network must comply with the following requirements: a) Cables and devices must be Category 6, or higher to guarantee a Class E connection; c) From the BTC, a cable with 4 copper pairs must arrive at each ITC; b) From the ITC, a cable with 4 copper pairs must arrive at each TS; c) Cables must terminate in sockets or RJ45 connectors or equivalent. 4.1.5.4 COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS The cabling network, in the coaxial cable technology, may require the dimensioning of collective and individual networks, as illustrated in figure 4.22. Acesso Rede Coletiva Coaxial Rede Individual Coaxial Operadores RG-CC RC-CC Primário OP1 Ligação Permanente Ligação Permanente Sec. TT Primário OP2 Cabo coaxial Cabo coaxial ATE Classe TCD-C-M ATI Classe TCD-C-M 4.22 - Example of a collective and individual coaxial cable network Acesso Operadores Operator Access Primário OP1 Primary OP1 Sec. Sec. RG-CC DF-CC ATE BTC Rede Coletiva Coaxial Collective Coaxial Network Ligação Permanente Permanent Connection Cabo coaxial Coaxial cable Classe TCD-C-M Class BCT-C-M RC-CC CD-CC ATI ITC Rede Individual Coaxial Individual Coaxial Network The dimensioning of a coaxial network must comply with the following requirements: a) From the BTC, one or two coaxial cables may arrive at each ITC; b) Cables must be terminated in Type F connectors or TS; GLOSSARY - ITED4 100  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY c) In DP, where there are connections in excess of one TS, the existence of a distribution frame is mandatory; d) Distribution frames, in particular those comprising the CD-CC, must be dimensioned to introduce the least attenuation possible; e) All cables from the TS must be connected to distribution frames. Given that one of the cables from the RAZ is normally used for the purpose of returning the signal to the DP, it is permitted that this may not be connected to the distribution frame if it is beneficial in terms of its dimensioning. As an example, consider dwelling with 9 TS, where it may be beneficial to dimension a CD-CC with 8 outlets to which 8 TS are connected, in which one of the TS of the RAZ is not connected; f) The permanent connections of each network (individual and collective) must guarantee the BCT-C-M connection class. Therefore, calculations should be carried out to determine the attenuations and slope for each permanent connection; g) When the results of the calculations referred to in the previous paragraph do not enable the guarantee of the BCT-C-M connection class, a new dimensioning of the network should be performed. The choice of coaxial cables with lower attenuations, or the installation of Supplementary Distribution Points at strategic points of the network, are solutions that may guarantee the above-mentioned connection class. Alternatively, for connections between DP, the use of fibre optic cables and the respective CC/FO and FO/CC conversion equipment may be considered; h) The BCT-C-M connection class is guaranteed when the attenuation and slope values are below the limits indicated in table 4.23; FREQUENCY PARAMETER LIMIT VALUE Attenuation 13.8 dB 47 MHz to 862 MHz Slope 10.8 dB Attenuation 23.4 dB 950 MHz to 2 150 MHz Slope 8.4 dB 4.23 - Attenuation and slope limit values i) The attenuation and slope values must be calculated by applying formulas 4.24 and 4.25. = + × + 4.24 - Formula for the attenuation of a permanent connection ALP: attenuation of the permanent connection (dB) Acabo: attenuation of the cable (dB) : number of connectors considered AC: attenuation by connector (dB) ATT: attenuation of the telecommunications socket (dB) GLOSSARY - ITED4 101  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY For the purpose of calculating the losses associated with connectors, where there are no values specified by the manufacturer, the following should be considered = 0,0001 × . A permanent connection is comprised of a cable and respective connectors or sockets, therefore any distribution devices should not be included, for the purposes of calculating the attenuation of the permanent connection. Formula 4.24 is a general formula and should be used taking into account the terminations of the respective permanent connection. For example, in a permanent connection between a ITC and a TS, we have = 1 and ATT = attenuation of the telecommunications socket, specified by the manufacturer. Likewise, in a permanent connection between DP, we have n = 2, where in this case there is no telecommunications socket. = ( .2) ( .1) 4.25 - Formula for the slope of a permanent connection SlopeLP: slope of the permanent connection (dB) ALP(freq.2): attenuation of the permanent connection at the highest frequency of the interval considered (dB) ALP(freq.1): attenuation of the permanent connection at the lowest frequency of the interval considered (dB) 4.1.5.4.1 INDIVIDUAL COAXIAL CABLE NETWORK Individual coaxial cable networks allow the distribution of CATV and S/MATV signals. For the dimensioning of the individual network, the attenuations and slope of all the permanent solutions present in this network must be calculated. The attenuation calculations must be carried out at the frequencies: 47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz. The slope calculations must be carried out considering the intervals [47 MHz; 862 MHz] and [950 MHz; 2 150 MHz]. The attenuation of each connection to the individual network must also be calculated, in accordance with formula 4.26, allowing the most favourable socket (+F) and the least favourable socket (-F) of each dwelling to be identified. Note: The most favourable socket and the least favourable socket are the sockets which present, within a particular assembly and for the frequencies considered, the lowest attenuation values and the highest attenuation values, respectively. The attenuation and slope values obtained, as well as the sockets (+F) and (-F), must be presented in the cable diagram or in a table. ( ) = ( )+ ( ) 4.26 - Attenuation for a connection of the individual network AL(ind): attenuation of the connection of the individual network (dB) ADR: attenuation of the signal DD (Distribution Device) in the ITC (dB) ALP(ind): Attenuation of the permanent connection of the individual network (dB) GLOSSARY - ITED4 102  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY In accordance with the greater or lesser complexity of the individual network, connections (AL(ind)) may be comprised of more than one permanent connection, and there may be other distribution devices, in addition to that in the ITC. The following aspects must be taken into account for these situations: a) For connections comprised of more than one permanent connection, the value to be considered for ALP(ind) will correspond to the sum of the attenuations of all the permanent connections; b) For connections with several distribution devices, the ADR value to consider will correspond to the sum of the attenuations introduced by all the distribution devices. The attenuation and slope values of the respective individual connections must be assessed to ensure that they are suitable for the intended purpose of the coaxial network, and it may be necessary to forecast the installation of amplifiers to compensate the attenuation or slope values. 4.1.5.4.2 COLLECTIVE COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS Collective coaxial cable networks allow the distribution of CATV and S/MATV. The collective network may be comprised of two independent networks (ICS - Independent Coaxial System) or a single coaxial system (SCS - Single Coaxial System). In the choice of the coaxial system to be implemented, the designer must take into consideration the service offering of the cable distribution operator (CATV) and the number of floors of the building. Figure 4.27 provides an example of the ICS, where there is a service offering of the cable distribution operator, where the collective network is comprised of the following:  An upstream coaxial cable network with a star topology, for the distribution of CATV signals;  A downstream coaxial cable network with a star topology, for the distribution of S/MATV signals;  ATE divided into a lower BTC, for the installation of the DF-CC of the CATV, and upper BTC, for the installation of the HE of the S/MATV. GLOSSARY - ITED4 103  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.27 - Coaxial cable collective networks - ICS ATE Superior Upper BTC CR de MATV MATV HEADEND ATI ITC ATE Inferior Lower BTC Primário OP1 Primary OP1 Secundário do RG-CC CATV Secondary DF-CC CATV Figure 4.28 provides an example of another ICS system, where there is a service offering of the cable distribution operator, where the collective network is comprised of the following:  An upstream coaxial cable network with a star topology, for the distribution of CATV signals;  An upstream coaxial cable network with a star topology, for the distribution of S/MATV signals. GLOSSARY - ITED4 104  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.28 - Coaxial cable collective networks - ICS ATE BTC DST SA ATI ITC Primário OP1 Primary OP1 CR de MATV MATV HEADEND Secundários RG-CC DF-CC secondaries Figure 4.29 provides an example of the SCS, where there is no service offering of a cable distribution operator, where the collective network is comprised of a single upstream coaxial cable network, with a star topology, able to distribute S/MATV and CATV signals. GLOSSARY - ITED4 105  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.29 - Coaxial cable collective network – SCS ATE BTC DST SA ATI ITC Primário OP1 Primary OP1 CR de MATV MATV HEADEND RG-CC DF-CC The dimensioning of a SCS must allow the option of distribution between CATV signals and S/MATV signals. For each of the permanent connections, the attenuations must be calculated at the frequencies 47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz, with the slope being calculated for the intervals [47 MHz; 862 MHz] and [950 MHz; 2 150 MHz]. In the dimensioning of an ICS, for the network intended for the distribution of S/MATV signals, the calculations to be performed are identical to those for the SCS network. In the network intended for the distribution of CATV signals, the designer may choose to carry out attenuation calculations GLOSSARY - ITED4 106  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY only at the frequencies of 47 MHz and 862 MHz and for the slope only at the interval [47 MHz; 862 MHz]. In the case of an ICS, the network intended for the distribution of S/MATVB may be designed by using a Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) solution, where the collective network is guaranteed in fibre optics. The HFC solution designed must not compromise the signal level in the TS, listed in Table 4.32. The networks intended for the distribution of CATV signals must be carried out with a star-shaped topology. Exclusive S/MATV distribution networks may be carried out in any type of topology, although its installation with the star-shaped topology is recommended. In all networks with a star-shaped topology, the attenuation of each permanent connection of the collective network must coincide with the respective attenuation of the permanent connection. For networks with other topologies, namely cascade, the attenuation of the distribution devices must be accounted for in the calculation of the attenuation of the connection. The attenuation of each connection of the collective network must be calculated in accordance with formula 4.30. ( ) = ( )+ ( ) 4.30 - Attenuation for a collective network connection AL(col): attenuation of the connection of the collective network (dB) ALP(col): Attenuation of the permanent connection of the collective network (dB) ADR(col): combined attenuation of the DD (Distribution Device) of the collective network (dB) Once the attenuations of the collective network have been obtained, these, with the sockets (+F) and (-F), identified in the dimensioning of the individual network, allow the identification of the most favourable (++F) socket and least favourable (--F) socket of the building. If an ICS is designed, we will have two sets (++F) and (--F), one for the CATV network and the other for the S/MATV network. The attenuation and slope values obtained, as well as the sockets (++F) and (--F), must be presented in the cable diagram or in a table. The attenuation and slope values of the respective collective connections must be assessed, to ensure that they are suitable for the intended purpose of the coaxial network, and it may be necessary to forecast the installation of amplifiers to compensate the attenuation or slope values. 4.1.5.4.3 S/MATV SYSTEM The S/MATV system is designed for the reception and distribution of Type A signals - via terrestrial transmission or Type B - via satellite, in accordance with the reception zone. S/MATV systems and the respective masts or supports may be installed outside the implantation area of the building, provided that they are installed within the property boundaries. Cables from the aerials of S/MATV systems, when installed in the building, must use TAP piping. Collective systems for the reception and distribution of the DTT are always the preferable to individual systems, thereby avoiding the proliferation of aerials. The system is comprised of the aerials (reception), SA (protection) and HE (processing and distribution), as indicated in figure 4.31. GLOSSARY - ITED4 107  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Antena Rede Coletiva S/MATV Rede Individual Cabeça de Rede S/MATV RC-CC DST TT Filtro RF LNA Amp. Rep. DR 4.31 - Constituent elements of an S/MATV network Antena Aerial DST SA Rede Coletiva S/MATV S/MATV Collective Network Cabeça de Rede S/MATV S/MATV Headend Filtro RF RF Filter LNA LNA Amp. Amp. Rep. Rep. Rede Individual Individual Network RC-CC CD-CC DR DR TT TS The dimensioning of a S/MATV system must comply with the following requirements: a) Depending on the location of the building, determine whether the DTT reception zone is Type A or B and: i) Define the most appropriate type of aerial and respective technical specifications; ii) Define the specifications of the constituent elements of the HE (filters, pre-amplifier, amplifier, splitters and distribution frames). b) The surge arrester (SA) must be installed as close as possible to the aerial, preferably before any other device; c) The RF filter (LTE), where there is one, must be installed after the SA; d) The pre-amplifier must be installed after the RF filter; e) Signal distribution devices, and those which require supply directly from the electricity network, must be installed in a DP, preferably in the upper BTC. 4.1.5.4.4 DIMENSIONING OF THE S/MATV SYSTEM The S/MATV system must be dimensioned to guarantee, in the TS, the signal values presented in table 4.32. GLOSSARY - ITED4 108  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY SIGNAL LEVEL AT THE SOCKET (dBµV) 5 MHz - 862 MHz 950 MHz - 2150 MHz DTT SYSTEM MODULATION Limits Limits Recommended Recommended Lower-Upper Lower-Upper Digital Zone A - DVB-T 64 QAM 55 45 - 74 - - Digital Zone B - DVB-S2 8PSK - - 55 47 - 77 (satellite) Remark: For other systems Standard EN 60728-1 must be consulted. 4.32 - Signal levels in TS To guarantee the signal levels in the sockets, the dimensioning of the S/MATV system is carried out taking into consideration the attenuations of the connections between the exit of the HE and the TS of the building. The above attenuation is obtained by adding the attenuations of the connections of the individual network and the attenuations of the collective network. The attenuation of the connection between the exit of the headend - HE and each TS is calculated on the basis of formula 4.33. ( → ) = ( )+ ( ) 4.33 - Attenuation between the exit of the HE and the TS AL(CR→TT): attenuation of the connection between the CR and the TS (dB) AL(ind): attenuation of the connection of the individual network (dB) AL(col): attenuation of the connection of the collective network (dB) 4.1.5.4.4.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE S/MATV HEADEND In the dimensioning of the headend, the following must be included: a) The constituent elements of the HE and its respective dimensioning (amplifier, filters, splitters and distribution frames), which must be presented as a diagram; b) The attenuations of all the connections of the individual networks, which refer to each of the dwellings of the building. Within each dwelling, there is a connection for each coaxial TS; c) The most favourable (+F) socket and the least favourable (-F) socket of each dwelling, in accordance with the attenuations in the previous paragraph; d) The attenuations of all the connections, as many as the number of dwellings of the S/MATV collective network; e) The most favourable (++F) socket and the least favourable (--F) of the building, based on the previous values; GLOSSARY - ITED4 109  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY f) The maximum and minimum signal level on exiting the headend - CR. For the purposes of determining the above signal levels, it is permitted that these may be dimensioned at the exit of the amplifier, provided that they are accounted for the distribution devices of the HE. For the dimensioning of the HE, it is equally important to calculate the maximum and minimum value of the signal level of the latter, for each frequency band of 47 MHz to 862 MHz and of 950 MHz to 2 150 MHz. The minimum signal level at the exit of the headend - HE ( ), and the maximum signal level at the exit of the HE ( ), are calculated based on formula 4.34. = + → ( ) = + → (++ ) 4.34 - Signal levels at HE output SCR Min: minimum signal level at output of HE (dBµV) SCR Max: maximum signal level at output of HE (dBµV) STT Min: minimum signal level at output of TS (dBµV) STT Max: maximum signal level permissible at output of TS (dBµV) AL(CR→TT(--F)) : attenuation of the connection between the HE and the TS(--F) of the building (dB) AL(CR→TT(++F)): attenuation of the connection between the HE and the TS(++F) of the building (dB) 4.1.5.5 CALCULATION EXAMPLE FOR THE COAXIAL NETWORK As a calculation example, a building with 4 identical dwellings, with 8 coaxial sockets each, in which the collective network is a SCS, is considered. In table 4.35 the attenuation values are mentioned in accordance with the specifications of the respective materials. 47 MHz 862 MHz 950 MHz 2 150 MHz Attenuation of the cable [dB/100m] 4.1 18.8 19.7 30.6 Attenuation of the signal splitter in the ITC 12 15 [dB] Attenuation of the connectors [dB] 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 TS attenuation [dB] 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 4.35 - Attenuation values for the specifications of cables and devices In table 4.36 an example is shown of the calculations of attenuations and slope for the individual network. GLOSSARY - ITED4 110  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Individual Network Acabo [dB] × AC [dB] ATT [dB] ALP(ind) [dB] SlopeLP [dB] Length [m] Socket 2 15 2 15 2 150 47-862 2 150 47 MHz MHz 950- 47 862 950 2150 47 862 950 862 950 47 862 950 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz TS 1 23 0.9 4.3 4.5 7.0 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.3 5.4 5.8 8.7 4.1 2.9 TS 2 10 0.4 1.9 2.0 3.1 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.8 3.0 3.3 4.8 2.2 1.5 TS 3 3 0.1 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.6 1.2 0.7 TS 4 12 0.5 2.3 2.4 3.7 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.9 3.4 3.7 5.4 2.5 1.7 TS 5 15 0.6 2.8 3.0 4.6 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.0 3.9 4.3 6.3 2.9 2.0 TS 6 8 0.3 1.5 1.6 2.4 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.7 2.6 2.9 4.1 1.9 1.2 TS 7 22 0.9 4.1 4.3 6.7 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.3 5.2 5.6 8.4 3.9 2.8 TS 8 5 0.2 0.9 1.0 1.5 0.0047 0.086 0.095 0.215 0.4 1.0 1.2 1.5 0.6 2.0 2.3 3.2 1.4 0.9 4.36 - Calculation of the attenuation and slope of perm. connections of the ind. network In the example shown, where the dwellings are identical, only the calculations for one dwelling need to be performed. Typically, within the same building, there are dwellings which, due to the difference in the network architecture, the attenuations and slope of the permanent connections are distinct. In this situation, the calculations for all the dwellings in the buildings must be performed. Table 4.37 shows an example of the calculations of the attenuations and slope for the collective network. Collective Network Acabo [dB] × AC [dB] ALP(col) [dB] SlopeLP [dB] Length [m] Dwelling 2 15 2 15 2 150 47-862 2 150 47 MHz MHz 950- 47 862 950 47 862 950 862 950 MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz 1 15 0.6 2.8 3.0 4.6 0.0094 0.172 0.19 0.43 0.6 3.0 3.2 5.0 2.4 1.8 2 20 0.8 3.8 3.9 6.1 0.0094 0.172 0.19 0.43 0.8 4.0 4.1 6.5 3.2 2.4 3 35 1.4 6.6 6.9 10.7 0.0094 0.172 0.19 0.43 1.4 6.8 7.1 11.1 5.4 4.0 4 44 1.8 8.3 8.7 13.5 0.0094 0.172 0.19 0.43 1.8 8.5 8.9 13.9 6.7 5.0 4.37 - Calculation of the attenuation and slope of perm. connections of the coll. network Table 4.38 provides an example of the calculation of the attenuations of the connections of the individual network, also identifying the (+F) socket and (-F) socket of each dwelling. Individual Network ADR(ATI) [dB] ALP(ind) [dB] AL(ind) [dB] Socket 2 15 2 15 2 1 47 862 950 47 862 950 47 862 950 MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz MHz 0 MHz MHz MHz 50 MHz MHz MHz TS 1 12 15 1.3 5.4 5.8 8.7 13.3 17.4 20.8 23.7 (-F) TS 2 12 15 0.8 3.0 3.3 4.8 12.8 15.0 18.3 19.8 TS 3 12 15 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.6 12.5 13.7 16.9 17.6 (+F) GLOSSARY - ITED4 111  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY TS 4 12 15 0.9 3.4 3.7 5.4 12.9 15.4 18.7 20.4 TS 5 12 15 1.0 3.9 4.3 6.3 13.0 15.9 19.3 21.3 TS 6 12 15 0.7 2.6 2.9 4.1 12.7 14.6 17.9 19.1 TS 7 12 15 1.3 5.2 5.6 8.4 13.3 17.2 20.6 23.4 TS 8 12 15 0.6 2.0 2.3 3.2 12.6 14.0 17.3 18.2 4.38 - Attenuations of the connections of the individual network and resp. sockets (+F) and (-F) To determine the limits of the signal level in the HE, it is important to identify the (++F) socket and the (--F) socket. In the example, given that we are before an SCS, the collective network has a star-shape topology, where the attenuations of the collective connection coincide with the attenuations of the respective permanent connections. Given that the network architectures of the dwellings are identical, socket (++F) will be (+F) regarding the dwelling with the least attenuation of the collective connection, i.e. the TS 3 of dwelling 1. Similarly, TS 1 of dwelling 4 will be socket (--F). Therefore, for the purposes of determining the limits of the signal level in the HE, as indicated in formula 4.39, the following are taken into account:  The least favourable socket of the individual network and the least favourable socket of the collective network;  The most favourable socket of the individual network and the most favourable network of the collective network. Socket --F Socket ++F 215 215 TS1 of 47 862 950 TS3 of 47 862 950 0 0 Dwelling 4 MHz MHz MHz Dwelling MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz AL(ind) [dB] 13.3 17.4 20.8 23.7 AL(ind) [dB] 12.5 13.7 16.9 17.6 AL(col) [dB] 1.8 8.5 8.9 13.9 AL(col) [dB] 0.6 3.0 3.2 5.0 AL(CR→TT) -F [dB] 15.1 26.1 29.7 37.6 AL(CR→TT) +F [dB] 13.1 16.7 20.1 22.6 STT Min [dB µV] 45 45 47 47 STT Max [dB µV] 74 74 77 77 SCR Min [dB µV] 60.1 71.1 73.7 84.6 SCR Max [dB µV] 87.1 90.7 97.1 99.6 4.39 - Calculation to determine the limits of the signal level in the HE From the reading of the values calculated and indicated in table 4.39, it is concluded that:  In the MATV network, the output level of the HE must be between the values of 71.1 dBµV and 87.1 dBµV;  In the SMATV, the output level of the HE must be between the values of 84.6 dBµV and 97.1 dBµV. One of the ways to balance the signals arriving at the TS will be the careful choice of the set of distribution frames and diverters comprising the HE. In the example in figure 4.40, comprised of 2 diverters and 1 distribution frame, it is permitted, through different levels in the outputs of the HE, to place the signals of the TS within the established limits. GLOSSARY - ITED4 112  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY CR Derivador Derivador Repartidor Sinal 4 saídas 4 saídas 4 saídas MATV 12dB 16dB 8dB Sinal de MATV com níveis de sinal distintos 4.40 - Example of the dimensioning of the HE CR HE Sinal MATV MATV signal Derivador 4 saídas 12dB Diverter 4 outputs 12dB Repartidor 4 saídas 8dB Distribution frame 4 outputs 8dB Sinal de MATV com níveis de sinal distintos MATV signal with different signal levels 4.1.5.6 FIBRE OPTIC NETWORK According to the type of building, the dimensioning of FO collective network and individual network may need to be dimensioned, as shown in the example in figure 4.41. Acesso Rede Coletiva Fibra Ótica Rede Individual Fibra Ótica Operadores RG-FO RC-FO Primário OP1 Ligação Permanente Ligação Permanente TT Primário OP2 Sec. Cabo de 2 fibras Cabo de 2 fibras ATE ATI 4.41 - Composition of a FO network Acesso Operadores Operator Access Primário OP1 Primary OP1 RG-FO DF-FO Sec. Sec. ATE BTC Rede Coletiva Fibra Ó tica Collective Fibre Optic Network Ligação Permanente Permanent Connection GLOSSARY - ITED4 113  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Cabo de 2 fibras 2-Fibre cable Rede Individual Fibra Ó tica Individual Fibre Optic Network RC-FO CD-FO ATI ITC In the project for the FO network, the following elements must be included:  For each permanent connection, a calculation must be indicated of the respective attenuation value, obtained by applying formula 4.42;  The attenuation values obtained and respective length must be presented in the cable diagram or in a table. The dimensioning of the FO network must comply with the following requirements:  The attenuation calculations must be performed for the wave lengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm;  The optic fibres are single-mode, category OS1a or OS2;  In buildings with collective networks, two fibres terminating at their extremities with SC/APC type connectors must arrive at each dwelling;  Fibre optic cables terminate in sockets or SC/APCO type connectors. It is important to consider the following aspects:  Distribution cables can be used, with or without pre-connectorisation, which enable the extraction or branching of fibres for routing;  Pre-connectorisation or, alternatively, connection through the fusion of connectors manufactured in an industrial setting, are recommended processes, as their quality is higher, with significantly lower losses in comparison to manual connectorisation. The attenuation of each permanent connection is calculated using the formula 4.42. ALP = ACN + AJ + AFO 4.42 - Attenuation of the permanent connection ALP - Attenuation of the permanent connection ACN - Attenuation of the connectors AJ - Attenuation of the joints AFO - Attenuation of the fibres The typical attenuation values to be considered in each case should be obtained from the manufacturers. GLOSSARY - ITED4 114  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY In the absence of the above values, the following must be considered maximum reference values:  Per connector 0.75 dB;  Per joint 0.3 dB;  Per metre of OS1a fibre: 0.001 dB; Per metre of OS2 fibre: 0.0004 dB. If pigtail-type solutions are used, the value of 0.3 dB must be considered for each connector of each pigtail. The length of fibre for each pigtail must be accounted at the value of AFO. For lengths of fibre of up to 300 m, the following maximum values for the permanent connection must be considered:  For fibre category OS1a: 1.8 dB;  For fibre category OS2: 1.62 dB. For lengths of fibre exceeding 300 m, 0.001 dB/m for fibre OS1a and 0.0004 dB/m for fibre OS2 must be added to the two maximum values mentioned above. 4.2 PROJECT FOR NEW BUILDINGS Projects for new buildings, according to their type, have different minimum requirements that are considered of mandatory length in the dimensioning of the respective cabling and piping network. Table 4.43 indicates the point of this manual to be consulted for each type of new building to be dimensioned, according to the characterisation of the building and type of dwellings comprising it. POINT TO TABLE FOR TABLE FOR BUILDING TYPE BE CABLE NETWORKS PIPING NETWORKS APPLIED 4.46 - Cable networks in new 4.47 - Piping network in new RESIDENTIAL 4.2.2 residential buildings residential buildings OFFICE, 4.48 - Cable networks in new 4.49 - Piping networks in new COMMERCIAL, office, commercial, industrial and office, commercial, industrial and 4.2.3 INDUSTRIAL AND special buildings special buildings SPECIAL 4.50 - Cable networks in new mixed 4.51 - Piping network in new mixed MIXED 4.2.4 buildings, with residential and non- buildings, with residential and non- residential dwellings residential dwellings 4.43 - Point of this manual to be consulted for each type of new building to be dimensioned 4.2.1 RESTRICTED ACCESS ZONE - RAZ It is mandatory for all residential and non-residential dwellings to have a place where two CP sockets, two CC sockets and two FO sockets are concentrated. This place is called the RAZ (Restricted Access Zone) and is located in the dwelling where the designer deems most appropriate, in accordance with the preferences of the project owner. GLOSSARY - ITED4 115  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The following requirements must be complied with: a) The installation of cabling in all the sockets of the RAZ is mandatory; b) RAZ sockets must be installed at a distance of less than 20 cm, between adjacent sockets, with preference being given to the integration of the sockets within a single switch plate. Figures 4.44 and 4.45 show a proposal for a RAZ and its respective use. 4.44 - Example of a RAZ 4.45 - Use of a RAZ 4.2.2 RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Cabling and piping networks in residential buildings must comply with the set of minimum requirements indicated in tables 4.46 and 4.47, respectively. GLOSSARY - ITED4 116  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY NEW RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CABLE NETWORKS - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Copper Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Collective 1 UTP Category 6 cable SCS: 1 cable; ICS: 2 cables 2 single-mode fibres BTC - ITC (per dwelling) (per dwelling) (per dwelling) Individual 1 UTP Category 6 cable 1 cable to be defined by the designer ITC - TS (per room) (per room) Individual 2 UTP Category 6 cables 2 cables 2 single-mode fibres ITC - RAZ  The TS connections are in a star configuration, downstream of the DP.  In rooms, bedrooms and the kitchen, except for the room where the RAZ, is installed, the installation of a mixed socket (CP + CC) is mandatory. Alternatively to the mixed socket, two sockets may be installed, one CP and the other CC, provided that the distance between them does not exceed 20 cm.  In rooms with an area of less than 6 m2, installation of the TS is not mandatory.  In kitchenettes, bathrooms, halls, storage rooms, enclosed terraces or similar, installation of the TS is not mandatory.  The installation of the RAZ (2CP, 2CC and 2FO) is mandatory in all dwellings.  Preparation of the project for a building of this type implies consultation of Standard EN 50173-4. 4.46 - Cable networks in new residential buildings NEW RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS PIPING NETWORKS - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Copper Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm pipe pipe pipe  1 mains box shared by the 3 technologies, in buildings with 3 or more floors, with the following minimum internal dimensions: 220 x 220 x 90 (W x H x P in mm) Collective  Connection to each ITC: 1 x Ø40 mm  TAP: 2 x Ø40 mm  CVM/CAM connection to the BTC: o up to 20 dwellings: 2 x Ø40 mm o more than 20 dwellings: 2 x Ø63 mm Individual  The piping may be shared by CP, CC and FO cables (network inserted in  Pipes of Ø20 mm for the TS a building with 2 or more dwellings)  TAP: 1 x Ø40 mm  CVM/CAM connection to the ITC: 1 x Ø40 mm  The piping may be shared by the PC, CC and FO cables House  Pipes of Ø20 mm for the TS GLOSSARY - ITED4 117  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Throughout the piping network project, in the references to pipes, their equivalences may be included in other types of piping, such as trunking and cable trays. 4.47 - Piping network in new residential buildings 4.2.3 OFFICE, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS Cable and piping networks in new office, commercial, industrial and special buildings must comply with the set of minimum requirements indicated in tables 4.48 and 4.49, respectively. OFFICE, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL NEW BUILDINGS CABLE NETWORKS - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Copper Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Collective 1 UTP Category 6 cable SCS: 1 cable; ICS: 2 cables 2 single-mode fibres BTC - ITC (per dwelling) (per dwelling) (per dwelling) Individual ITC - DP to be defined by the designer to be defined by the designer to be defined by the designer DP - DP Individual 2 UTP Category 6 cables 2 cables 2 single-mode fibres ITC - RAZ Individual to be defined by the designer to be defined by the designer Connection to TS to be defined by the designer  The TS connections are in a star configuration, downstream of the DP.  The installation of the RAZ (2CP, 2CC and 2FO) is mandatory in all dwellings.  The installation of one PD per floor is recommended.  The project for the individual cable network, with the exception of the obligation to have the RAZ, depends on the purpose of each dwelling, and the client’s requirements.  Preparation of the project for a building of this type implies consultation of Standards EN 50173-2 and EN 50173-3. 4.48 - Cable networks in new office, commercial, industrial and special buildings NEW OFFICE, COMMERCIAL, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL BUILDINGS PIPING NETWORK - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Copper Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm pipe pipe pipe Collective  1 mains box shared by the 3 technologies, in buildings with 3 or more floors, with the following minimum internal dimensions: 220 x 220 x 90 (W x H x P in mm)  Connection to each ITC: 1 x Ø40 mm  TAP: 2 x Ø40 mm GLOSSARY - ITED4 118  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  CVM/CAM connection to the BTC: o up to 20 dwellings: 2 x Ø40 mm o more than 20 dwellings: 2 x Ø63 mm Individual  Pipes with Ø40 mm in DP - DP connections (network inserted in a  The piping may be shared by CP, CC and FO cables building with 2 or more  Pipes of Ø20 mm for the TS dwellings)  TAP: 1 x Ø40 mm  CVM/CAM connection to the ITC: 1 x Ø40 mm Buildings with 1 dwelling  The piping may be shared by the CP, CC AND FO cables  Pipes of Ø20 mm for the TS Throughout the piping network project, in the references to pipes, their equivalences may be included in other types of piping, such as trunking and cable trays. 4.49 - Piping networks in new office, commercial, industrial and special buildings 4.2.4 MIXED BUILDINGS Mixed buildings consist of a combination of residential and non-residential dwellings. In these buildings, the cable and piping networks must comply with the set of minimum requirements indicated in tables 4.50 and 4.51, respectively. NEW MIXED BUILDINGS CABLE NETWORKS - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Copper Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Collective BTC – ITC 1 UTP Category 6 cable SCS: 1 cable; ICS: 2 cables 2 single-mode fibres (Between the BTC (per dwelling) (per dwelling) (per dwelling) and the ITC there may be other DP) Individual In accordance with point 4.2.2 In accordance with point 4.2.2 In accordance with point 4.2.2 (residential) Individual In accordance with point 4.2.3 In accordance with point 4.2.3 In accordance with point 4.2.3 (non-residential) 4.50 - Cable networks in new mixed buildings, with residential and non-residential dwellings GLOSSARY - ITED4 119  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY NEW MIXED BUILDINGS, WITH RESIDENTIAL AND NON-RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS PIPING NETWORK - MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Copper Pair Coaxial Cable Fibre Optic Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm Rising mains with 1 Ø40 mm pipe pipe pipe  1 mains box shared by the 3 technologies, in buildings with 3 or more floors, with the following minimum internal dimensions: 220 x 220 x 90 (W x H x P in mm) Collective  Connection to each ITC: 1 x Ø40 mm  TAP: 2 to 10 dwellings: 2 x Ø40 mm; 11 or more dwellings: 3 x Ø40 mm  CVM/CAM connection to the BTC: o up to 20 dwellings: 2 x Ø40 mm o more than 20 dwellings: 2 x Ø63 mm  Pipes with Ø40 mm in DP - DP connections Individual  The piping may be shared by CP, CC and FO cables  Pipes of Ø20 mm for the TS Throughout the piping network project, in the references to pipes, their equivalences may be included in other types of piping, such as trunking and cable trays. 4.51 - Piping network in new mixed buildings, with residential and non-residential dwellings 4.3 PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS In the preparation of an ITED project for a constructed building, the existing telecommunications infrastructure is one of the major project constraints. The designer must carry out a prior survey in situ of the existing infrastructure and assess the interest and impact of its total or partial reuse. 4.3.1 GENERAL Projects in constructed buildings may cover the alteration of the entire building or parts thereof. Irrespective of the type of building or number of dwellings, the preparation of the project must comply with the following requirements: a) Buildings and residential dwellings may be dimensioned in accordance with ITED4a (ITED4 adapted); b) Buildings, non-residential buildings and dwellings may be dimensioned in accordance with ITED4; c) In mixed buildings, where there are residential and non-residential dwellings, the collective part may be dimensioned in accordance with ITED4a. Each dwelling must be dimensioned in accordance with its type, whereby ITED4a may be applied to non-residential dwellings, and it being mandatory to apply ITED4 to non-residential dwellings. The preferred solution is the application of ITED4. 4.3.2 PREPARATION OF AN ITED4A PROJECT The specificity of constructed residential buildings and dwellings and the need to modernise this infrastructure have led to the creation of specific technical regulations for this area of ITED, called GLOSSARY - ITED4 120  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ITED4a. The designer is responsible for finding the best solution, taking into account the cost/benefit commitment, in response to the requests of the project owner. The preparation of the ITED4a project must include the following phases: Fase 1: Fase 2: Fase 3: Fase 4: Análise dos Análise da tubagem Aproveitamento Elaboração do cabos na existente da tubagem projeto fachada existente Fase 1: Phase 1: Análise dos cabos na fachada Analysis of the cables on the façade Fase 2: Phase 2: Análise da tubagem existente Analysis of existing piping Fase 3: Phase 3: Aproveitamento da tubagem existente Use of existing piping Fase 4: Phase 4: Elaboração do projeto Preparation of the project Phase 1: analyse the telecommunications cables installed on the façade of the building, proceeding in accordance with point 4.1.4.8.3.1 of this manual; Phase 2: carry out a survey of the existing telecommunications piping in the building; Phase 3: assess whether the existing piping may be used; Phase 4: prepare the project in accordance with the general project regulations, point 4.1.3 of this manual with the appropriate adaptations, and the specific adaptations (ITED4a). 4.3.2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE PIPING NETWORKS OF ITED4A Throughout the piping network, in the references to pipes, their equivalences may be included in other types of piping, such as trunking or cable trays. The piping network project of ITED4a must comply with the following requirements: a) The alteration of an entire building, or intervention in the collective network, requires the existence of a CVM/CAM and TAP; b) If the building is located in an area where the layouts of the public networks are aerial or on the façade, the provision in point 4.1.4.8.3 of this manual must be complied with; c) In buildings where there are no collective areas suitable for the installation of the RM, using conduits with the appropriate MICE characteristics for the place of installation, the following solutions may be dimensioned: i) The use of individual areas for the passage of cables from the collective network, in particular by using false walls, subject to the agreement of the owners or legal occupants of the dwellings and that the protection and inviolability of the infrastructure built in such a manner are ensured; ii) Where there is no RM, it may be installed exposed, on the building’s external walls, with the exception of the main façades; iii) For installation of boxes in the RM, the minimum internal dimensions of the boxes are: 200 x 200 x 90 (W x H x P in mm). GLOSSARY - ITED4 121  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The existence of solutions for the BTC are permitted, with dimensions smaller than those indicated, provided that these are duly justified and technically substantiated by the designer. In the installation of fibre optic cables, the use of pipes of Ø25 mm is recommended. 4.3.2.2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE CABLING NETWORKS OF ITED4A In pre-RITA buildings with piping and cabling, and in RITA buildings, the removal of the cable networks installed, including those of operators, must be assessed. The cabling project of ITED4a must dimension: a) The Distribution Frames - DF, so that the three technologies, CP, CC and FO (2 fibres) arrive at each dwelling; b) The location and installation of an ITC; c) The location and installation of an ITP, where there is one; d) The installation of a RAZ; e) The distribution of the DTT signal through the dwellings; f) The minimum of one TS per room in CP and CC, except: i) In the room where the RAZ is located; ii) In rooms with an area of less than 6 m2; iii) In kitchenettes, bathrooms, halls, storage rooms, terraces, condominium rooms, enclosed terraces, or similar. If the designer considers the option of the installation of a SCS (Service Concentration Point), the following should be considered:  The SCS replaces the ITC;  The SCS replaces the installation of the RAZ. In the alteration of residential-type constructed buildings, with the application of the ITED4a, the network architectures indicated in figures 4.52 and 4.53 must be considered, with the option of the CVM or CAM, as the ITED boundary. Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Rede Coletiva Rede Individual TT Cablagem de operadores ou das CVM ATE PTI ATI TT ITUR TT ITUR ou via pública 4.52 - Application of the ITED4a to a constructed residential building, with a collective network Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) GLOSSARY - ITED4 122  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road CVM CVM ATE BTC PTI ITP ATI ITC TT TS Rede Coletiva Collective Network Rede Individual Individual Network Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) Para montante Para jusante (operador) (cliente) Rede Individual ITUR ou via pública TT Cablagem de operadores ou das CAM PCS TT ITUR TT 4.53 - Application of the SCP in a house Para montante (operador) Upstream (operator) Cablagem de operadores ou das ITUR Operator / ITUR cabling ITUR ou via pública ITUR or public road CAM CAM PCS SCP TT TS Rede Individual Individual Network Para jusante (cliente) Downstream (client) In the preparation of an ITED4a project, the following aspects must be considered:  The ITP establishes the boundary between the collective piping network and the individual piping network, its installation being recommended at the most suitable point for the interconnection of these two networks;  The ITP may be eliminated whenever the dwelling undergoes intervention at the same time as the collective network;  The SCP allows the routing of signals in the individual network, therefore its location is fundamental for the functionality of the ITED. Figure 4.54 provides an example of the installation of the ITP, next to the front door of the dwelling, and the SCP as the point of use and distribution of the services to the other rooms. GLOSSARY - ITED4 123  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.54 - Example of the installation of an ITP and an SCP AREA 2 AREA 2 TT TS SALA ROOM PTI ITP PCS SCP Table 4.55 indicates the point in this manual with which the project dimensioning requirements must comply, according to the type of residential building intended to be altered. POINT OF THE MANUAL TYPE SPECIFICITIES TO BE APPLIED Pre-RITA Without piping or cabling 4.3.2.3 Pre-RITA With piping and cabling 4.3.2.4 RITA In compliance with RITA regulations 4.3.2.5 ITED In compliance with the 1st, 2nd or 3rd edition of the ITED 4.3.2.6 4.55 - Application of the ITED4a technical regulations to constructed residential buildings The most important aspects in the preparation of an ITED4a project, regarding the piping and cabling networks, are indicated, respectively, in table 4.56 and 4.57. TYPE OF Collective network and individual network – Piping requirements INFRASTRUCTUR E ALREADY EXISTING IN THE BUILDING  A CAM or CVM must be dimensioned; The BTC may be divided into upper BTC and PRE-RITA  The BTC must be dimensioned in lower BTC, interconnected by 3 pipes of Without piping and accordance with the number of dwellings Ø40 mm. without cabling in the building, in accordance with point Whenever possible, existing The 4.1.4.9.2; PRE-RITA piping in the rising mains connection of GLOSSARY - ITED4 124  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  The existence of solutions for the BTC should be used, considering the BTC to With piping and cabling with dimensions lower than those that: the first RM indicated are permitted, provided that  The RM must have a box, must be these are duly justified and technically minimum capacity of a pipe of via 2 pipes substantiated by the designer; Ø40 mm. In situations in with a  The connection of the BTC to each of the which it has a lower capacity, minimum of dwellings of the building is via 1 pipe with the installation of additional Ø40 mm. a minimum of Ø25 mm; conduits should be opted for;  The box of  The connection of the BTC to the TAP is  For buildings with up to the GDF may via 2 pipes with a minimum of Ø25 mm; 8 dwellings, the existing be part of the  The connection of the BTC to the ITC is piping must be used if it has a BTC; via 1 pipe with a minimum of Ø25 mm; capacity equivalent to a pipe  When the  The individual piping network is comprised of Ø40 mm; GDF box of pipes with a minimum of Ø20 mm,  For buildings with more than does not have except for TAP piping; 8 dwellings, an the  In buildings where there are no collective interconnection should be dimensions areas suitable for the installation of the provided of 1 pipe of foreseen for RM, using conduits with the appropriate Ø40 mm, from the BTC to the the ATE MICE characteristics for the place of box on the floor that serves according to installation, the following solutions may be the ninth and following the number of RITA dimensioned: dwellings; dwellings, as  Use of individual areas for the passage of  For each group of 6 dwellings provided for in In compliance with point cables from the collective network, in above the first 8, another pipe RITA regulations particular by using false walls, subject to of Ø40 mm must be installed. 4.1.4.9.2, the the agreement of the owners or legal  The connection from the BTC interconnectio occupants of the dwellings and that the to the TAP may be carried out n from the protection and inviolability of the in two ways: BTC to the infrastructure built in such a manner are  Through the MATV network GDF box by ensured; piping, if it exists; 2 pipes of  Where there is no RM, it may be installed  Through 2 pipes with a Ø40 mm must exposed, on the building’s external walls, minimum of Ø25 mm. be ensured. with the exception of the main façades.  The existing piping may be  For installation of boxes in the RM, the used in the connections to the minimum internal dimensions of the boxes dwellings, for the passage of are: 200 x 200 x 90 (W x H x P in mm). a CP, CC and FO (2 fibres) cable, respectively. ITED1 A CVM or CAM must be dimensioned. ITED2 and ITED3 It already includes the intended requirements. 4.56 - ITED4a Project – piping network requirements TYPE OF INFRASTRUCTURE Collective network and individual network – Cabling network requirements ALREADY EXISTING IN THE BUILDING The cabling project of ITED4a must dimension: PRE-RITA  The DF, so that the three technologies CP, CC and FO (2 fibres) arrive at each dwelling; Without piping and  The location and installation of an ITC; without cabling  The location and installation of an ITP (Individual Transition Point), where there is one; PRE-RITA  The installation of a RAZ; With piping and cabling  The distribution of the DTT signal through the dwellings;  The minimum of one TS per room in CP and CC, except: RITA  In the room where the RAZ is located; GLOSSARY - ITED4 125  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  In rooms with an area of less than 6 m2; In compliance with RITA regulations  In kitchenettes, bathrooms, halls, storage rooms, terraces, condominium rooms, enclosed terraces, or similar. The project for the fibre optic network must dimension, when applicable:  The DF-FO for the arrival of 2 fibre optic cables per dwelling; ITED  Two fibre optic TS per dwelling;  One CD-FO for each ITC. 4.57 - ITED4a Project for cabling networks 4.3.2.3 PRE-RITA BUILDINGS WITHOUT PIPING OR CABLING 4.3.2.3.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS The project must comply with the following requirements in terms of piping: a) The BTC must be dimensioned in accordance with the number of dwellings of the building, in accordance with point 4.1.4.9.2 of this manual; b) The ATE may be divided into upper ATE and lower ATE, interconnected by 3 pipes of Ø40 mm; c) The connection of the BTC to each of the dwellings of the building is via 1 pipe with a minimum of Ø25 mm; d) The connection of the BTC to the TAP is via 2 pipes with a minimum of Ø25 mm; e) The connection of the TAP to the ATI or SCP, is via 1 pipe with a minimum of Ø25 mm; f) The individual piping network is comprised of pipes with a minimum of Ø20 mm, except for TAP piping. GLOSSARY - ITED4 126  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Figure 4.58 provides an example of two buildings with CVM, with the installation of the piping in two different configurations, with and without an upper BTC: TM ATE TM PTI ATI PTI ATI SUP TM TM TM TM TM TM PTI ATI PTI ATI TM TM TM TM TM TM TM TM PTI ATI PTI ATI TM TM TM TM TM TM ATE ATE PTI ATI INF TM TM CVM CVM 4.58 - Examples for the piping network – ITED4a PTI ITP ATI ITC TM MS ATE BTC CVM CVM ATE SUP UPPER BTC ATE INF LOWER BTC 4.3.2.4 PRE-RITA BUILDINGS WITH PIPING AND CABLING 4.3.2.4.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS The project must comply with the following requirements: a) The BTC must be dimensioned in accordance with the number of dwellings of the building, in accordance with point 4.1.4.9.2 of this manual; b) The connection of the BTC to the first RM box must be via 2 pipes with a minimum of Ø40 mm; c) Whenever possible, existing piping in the rising mains should be used, considering that: i) The RM must have a minimum capacity of a pipe of Ø40 mm. In situations in which the latter has a lower capacity, the installation of additional conduits should be opted for; GLOSSARY - ITED4 127  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ii) For buildings with up to 8 dwellings, the existing piping must be used if it has a capacity equivalent to a pipe of Ø40 mm; iii) For buildings with more than 8 dwellings, an interconnection should be provided of 1 pipe of Ø40 mm from the BTC to the box on the floor that serves the ninth and following dwellings; iv) For each group of 6 dwellings above the first 8, another pipe of Ø40 mm must be installed. d) The existing piping may be used in connections to the dwellings, for the passage of a CP, CC and FO (2 fibres) cable, respectively; e) The connection from the BTC to the TAP may be carried out in two ways: i) Through the MATV network piping, if it exists; ii) Through 2 pipes with a minimum of Ø25 mm; f) The connection of the TAP to the ITC or SCP, is via 1 pipe with a minimum of Ø25 mm; g) The individual piping network is comprised of pipes with a minimum of Ø20 mm, except for TAP piping. GLOSSARY - ITED4 128  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Figure 4.59 shows an example, in a building with a CVM, for the piping network: TM CAIXA DE PTI ATI COLUNA TM TM TM CAIXA DE PTI ATI COLUNA TM TM TM TM CAIXA DE COLUNA PTI ATI TM TM ATE CVM 4.59 - Example for a piping network – ITED4a CAIXA DE COLUNA MAINS BOX PTI ITP ATI ITC TM MS ATE BTC CVM CVM 4.3.2.5 RITA BUILDINGS 4.3.2.5.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS The project must comply with the following requirements in terms of piping: a) The BTC must be dimensioned in accordance with the number of dwellings of the building, in accordance with point 4.1.4.9.2 of this manual; GLOSSARY - ITED4 129  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY b) The box of the GDF may be part of the BTC; c) When the GDF box does not have the dimensions foreseen for the ATE according to the number of dwellings, as provided for in point 4.1.4.9.2 of this manual, the interconnection from the BTC to the GDF box by 2 pipes of Ø40 mm must be ensured; d) Whenever possible, existing piping in the rising mains should be used, considering that: i) The RM must have a minimum capacity of a pipe of Ø40 mm. In situations in which the latter has a lower capacity, it should be reached by installing conduits; ii) For buildings with more than 8 dwellings, an interconnection should be provided of 1 pipe of Ø40 mm, from the BTC to the box on the floor that serves the ninth and following dwellings; iii) For each group of 6 dwellings above the first 8, another pipe of Ø40 mm must be installed. e) The existing piping may be used in connections to the dwellings, considering the passage of a CP, CC and FO (2 fibres) cable; f) The connection from the BTC to the TAP may be carried out in two ways: i) Through 2 pipes with a minimum of Ø25 mm; ii) Through the MATV network piping, if it exists; g) The connection of the TAP to the ITC or SCP is via a pipe with a minimum of Ø25 mm; h) The individual piping network is comprised of pipes with a minimum of Ø20 mm, except for TAP piping. GLOSSARY - ITED4 130  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Figure 4.60 shows an example, in a building with a CVM, for the piping network: CP TM CAIXA DE PTI ATI COLUNA TM TM TM CAIXA DE PTI ATI COLUNA TM TM TM TM CAIXA DE PTI ATI COLUNA TM TM ATE RGE CVM 4.60 - Example for the piping network CAIXA DE COLUNA MAINS BOX PTI ITP ATI ITC TM MS ATE BTC RGE GDF CVM CVM CP PB 4.3.2.6 ITED BUILDINGS 4.3.2.6.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS No constraints are envisaged in the piping of ITED buildings. GLOSSARY - ITED4 131  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The ITED4a project must dimension the underground boundaries of the ITED, in accordance with point 4.1.4.8.1 of this manual. 4.3.2.6.2 CABLING REQUIREMENTS The cabling systems in the CP and CC technologies have already been installed and therefore no constraints are envisaged for systems operating with these technologies. It is possible that the S/MATV system may need to be adjusted for DTT emissions, in particular by installing new aerials, an RF filter and amplification. The fibre optic network project must dimension, when applicable: a) The DF-FO for the arrival of 2 fibre optic cables per dwelling; b) Two fibre optic TS per dwelling, duly interconnected to the ITC and installed as close as possible to the RAZ; c) One CD-FO for each ITC. 4.3.3 EXTENSION WORK Extension work is all work which alters the installed telecommunications infrastructure, due to the occurrence of at least one of the following aspects: a) The addition of one or more dwellings to a building; b) The addition of rooms to a dwelling. 4.3.3.1 ADDING DWELLINGS TO A BUILDING 4.3.3.1.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS The project must comply with the following requirements in terms of piping: a) The BTC must be dimensioned in accordance with the number of dwellings to be added to the building and the existing dwellings, in accordance with point 4.1.4.9.2 of this manual; b) The interconnection of the ITC of the new dwelling to the existing collective piping network, or to be built, is carried out via piping with a minimum of Ø40 mm; c) The dimensioning of the individual piping network must comply with the requirements laid down for new buildings. 4.3.3.1.2 CABLING REQUIREMENTS The cabling of the dwelling to be added must consider the requirements laid down for new buildings. 4.3.3.2 ADDING ROOMS TO A DWELLING 4.3.3.2.1 PIPING REQUIREMENTS An individual piping network must be dimensioned for the new rooms, carried out via piping with a minimum of Ø20 mm. GLOSSARY - ITED4 132  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.3.3.2.2 CABLING REQUIREMENTS The project must dimension the cabling network in accordance with the requirements laid down for new buildings. The most important aspects in the preparation of an ITED project for extension work, regarding piping and cabling, are indicated in table 4.61. Requirem Extension work Collective network Individual network ent  The BTC must be dimensioned according to the number of dwellings to be added to the building and the existing dwellings, in accordance with point 4.1.4.9.2; Dimensioning in accordance with Piping Adding a dwelling  The interconnection of the ITC of the ITED4, or ITED4a, if applicable. to a building new dwelling to the existing collective piping network, or to be built, is carried out via piping with a minimum of Ø40 mm. Cabling Dimensioning in accordance with ITED4. An individual piping network must be dimensioned for the new rooms, Piping N/A Adding rooms to a carried out via piping with a dwelling minimum of Ø20 mm. Dimensioning in accordance with Cabling N/A ITED4, or ITED4a, if applicable. 4.61 - ITED Project for extension work 4.4 SIMPLIFIED TECHNICAL PROJECT 4.4.1 GENERAL The simplified technical project is an ITED project, which refers only to the technology intended to be installed. The adaptation project to a technology arises from the need to adapt a constructed building in very specific circumstances, highlighting the adaptation to a technology that does not exist, such as for example fibre optic, or the construction of a SMATV network. The simplified technical project, irrespective of the technology to which it is intended to adapt the building or dwelling, must be preceded by an analysis of the existing infrastructure, with a view to assessing the piping network, in terms of free space, for the installation of devices and materials to be designed. In addition, the following is permitted:  That the cabling network of the dwellings be installed in a phased manner, as the service of the telecommunications operators is contracted;  That in non-residential or mixed buildings, the collective network be phased, as the non- residential dwellings are installed. After the preparation of the simplified technical project, the designer will issue the Certificate of Completion for the project, via the ANACOM platform and deliver it to the project owner. GLOSSARY - ITED4 133  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The designer must find solutions for the following constraints:  The connection of the building, or dwelling, to the public electronic communications operators network;  Buildings without a RM;  Buildings with a RM, but without enough space for the dimensioning of the required piping;  Buildings without an individual piping network. Table 4.62 indicates the point in this manual with which the dimensioning requirements of a simplified technical project must comply. 4.4.1.1 BUILDINGS WITH A COLLECTIVE NETWORK TO BE REDESIGNED The preparation of a simplified technical project, where there is the need to redesign the collective network, must comply with the following requirements: a) The connection to the public network of operators must necessarily be carried out by one of the underground boundaries provided for in point 4.1.4.8.1 of this manual; b) If there is an underground conduit connection to the public network, that does not have sufficient space for the threading of more cables, the operators should be contacted with a view to making available the space necessary for the passage of the cables of the technology to be installed, redesigning their access networks in particular using cables with a smaller dimension. If this is not possible, an underground access must be built, with the dimensioning established for new buildings; c) If the building is located in an area where the layouts of the public networks are aerial, or on the façade, the provision in point 4.1.4.8.3 of this manual must be complied with. 4.4.1.2 BUILDINGS WITHOUT RISING MAINS The preparation of a simplified technical project, in buildings without a RM, must comply with the following requirements: a) In buildings where there are collective areas suitable for the installation of the RM, its dimensioning must be so as to provide the correct accommodation of the cabling to be installed; b) In buildings where there are collective areas suitable for the installation of the RM, its dimensioning must comply with the rules provided for in this manual for new buildings; c) In buildings where there are no collective areas suitable for the installation of the RM, using conduits with the appropriate MICE characteristics for the place of installation, the following solutions may be dimensioned: i) The use of individual areas for the passage of cables from the collective network, in particular by using false walls, provided that this solution has the agreement of the legal occupants of the dwellings and that the protection and inviolability of the infrastructure built in such a manner are ensured; ii) Exposed installation of the RM, according to the characteristics of the building, using its external walls, with the exception of the main façades, provided that the aesthetic aspects of the building are preserved and the rules for the dimensioning of safety for collective areas are complied with. d) If the building is located in an area where the layouts of the public networks are on the façade, the provision in point 4.1.4.8.3 of this manual must be complied with. GLOSSARY - ITED4 134  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.4.1.3 BUILDINGS WITH INSUFFICIENT SPACE IN THE RISING MAINS The simplified technical project in buildings with RM, but without sufficient space for the correct accommodation of the cabling to be installed, must: a) Promote the removal of cables not used in the provision of services, namely dead or disconnected cables, pursuant to Article 61(4) of the DL123; b) Provide for the use of existing cables, if possible, pursuant to Article 61(1) of the DL123; c) Adopt solutions for the reformulation of the networks and respective equipment, to increase the existing space without compromising its functionality. If, however, sufficient space is not achieved, the alternative should be considered of placing trunking or piping, to increase the capacity of the existing RM. 4.4.1.4 BUILDINGS WITHOUT AN INDIVIDUAL PIPING NETWORK The preparation of a simplified technical project, in buildings without an individual piping network, must comply with the following requirements: a) Individual networks must be installed so as to minimise their visual impact, in particular by using trunking, such as skirting trunking. b) Individual cable networks should be used that are suitable for supplying the service in the respective technology, as provided for in Article 61(1) of the above Decree-Law; In exceptional circumstances, duly substantiated by the designer, if it is not possible to use trunking, the installation of exposed piping is permitted. TYPE OF POINT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY TO TABLE OF PIPING AND CABLING NETWORK THE MANUAL INFRASTRUCTURE BE INSTALLED IN COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK TO BE ALREADY EXISTING IN THE BUILDING APPLIED THE BUILDING 4.63 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to Copper pair CP technology 4.64 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to PRE-RITA Coaxial cable 4.4.2 CC technology 4.65 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to Fibre optic FO technology 4.66 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to CP Copper pair technology RITA 4.4.3 4.67 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to CC Coaxial cable technology GLOSSARY - ITED4 135  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.68 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to FO Fibre optic technology 4.69 - Adaptation of an ITED1 building to PC Copper pair technology 4.70 - Adaptation of ITED1 buildings to CC ITED1 Coaxial cable 4.4.4 technology 4.71 - Adaptation of ITED1 buildings to FO Fibre optic technology 4.62 - Simplified technical project of constructed buildings 4.4.2 ADAPTATION OF PRE-RITA BUILDINGS TO A TECHNOLOGY Pre-Rita buildings in which the copper pair telecommunications infrastructure has already been implemented, should be regarded as RITA. After the analysis of the existing networks in the building, a piping network and cable networks in the copper pair, coaxial cable or fibre optic technology must be prepared, taking into account the provisions, respectively, in tables 4.63, 4.64 and 4.65. Technology Requirement Collective network Individual network  The RM must be dimensioned so as to Conduits or cable trays must be enable the cables to pass through to the dimensioned in accordance with the dwellings. The installation of boxes on dimensioning rules laid down in this every floor is not required. The boxes manual, according to the number of must have a minimum dimension so as cables. to enable the termination of the respective piping. Where conduits are used, or other elements safeguarding direct access to them, it is not necessary for boxes to be installed; Copper pair Piping  The dimensioning of the BTC must comply with the provisions in this manual to ensure the future installation of other technologies and respective operator primaries. The absence of power sockets is permitted;  The remaining constituent elements thereof must comply with the regulations stipulated for new buildings, adapted to the technology to be installed. GLOSSARY - ITED4 136  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  Dimensioning of the DF-CP according to  The cable from the secondary DF-CP the number of dwellings in the building, must be terminated in a TS inside the at least 1 cable per dwelling. The secondary dwelling. is common to all operators. Access to it  The TS must be located so as to allow must be ensured. the connection of wireless equipment  Operators are responsible for and enable the full coverage of the Cabling dimensioning the primaries. dwelling.  Star-shape topology.  The project must present a diagram of the cable network to be installed.  Cables for the dwellings may be installed in phases as the service is contracted. 4.63 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to CP technology Technology Requireme Collective network Individual network nt  The RM must be dimensioned so as to enable the Conduits or cable trays cables to pass through to the dwellings. The must be dimensioned in installation of boxes on every floor is not required. The compliance with the boxes must have a minimum dimension so as to dimensioning rules laid enable the termination of the respective piping. Where down in this manual, conduits are used, or other elements safeguarding according to the number of direct access to them, it is not necessary for boxes to cables. Piping be installed;  The dimensioning of the BTC must ensure the future installation of other technologies and respective operator primaries. The absence of power sockets is permitted;  The remaining constituent elements thereof must comply with the regulations stipulated for new buildings, adapted to the technology to be installed.  The project must present a diagram of the cable  The cable from the network to be installed. secondary of the DF-CC, or  Cables and devices must be installed according to the HE, must be terminated, Coaxial maximum number of clients to be served. The inside the dwelling, in a TS. installation of coaxial cables with an external diameter  Where there is a coaxial equal to or greater than 8 mm is not permitted. cable network with a star-  Cables for the dwellings may be installed in phases as shape topology that is able to the service is contracted. distribute the service, this must be used, otherwise CATV Networks: distribution should be carried Cabling out via the installation of the  Where the building has a MATV network, the latter may be redesigned without compromising its respective cables and TS functionality, to free up space in the piping and enable connected directly to the DF- the possible use of the cables therein for the supply of CC, in a star-shape topology. services;  In addition to the installation  The DF-CC secondary must be dimensioned of the CC the installation of according to the number of dwellings in the building, the TS in CP may be to enable the connection of one coaxial cable per envisaged, to safeguard the dwelling. The secondary is common to all operators. correct interconnection with Access by all at the same time must be ensured. client equipment. GLOSSARY - ITED4 137  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  Operators are responsible for the dimensioning of  For the installation of a TS in the primaries; CP, it is recommended that the  Star-shape topology. It is permitted that in some latter be located so as to allow buildings, in particular where there are RM the connection of wireless comprised of boxes on each floor, a different type of equipment and enable the topology be used. This situation must be duly total coverage of the dwelling, justified by the designer. by being carefully located.  The installation of coaxial S/MATV Networks: cables with an external  The HE must be dimensioned according to the existing diameter equal to or greater space allocated for it and to ensure access of the service than 8 mm is not permitted. to all the dwellings;  Star-shape or cascade topology, in accordance with the existing space. 4.64 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to CC technology Technology Requireme Collective network Individual network nt  The RM must be dimensioned so as to enable Conduits or cable trays must be the cables to pass through to the dwellings. dimensioned in compliance with the The installation of boxes on every floor is not dimensioning rules laid down in this required. The boxes must have a minimum manual, according to the number of dimension so as to enable the termination of cables. the respective piping. Where conduits are used, or other elements safeguarding direct access, it is not necessary for boxes to be installed; Piping  The dimensioning of the BTC must comply with the provisions in this manual, to ensure the future installation of other technologies and respective operator primaries. The absence of power sockets is permitted;  The remaining constituent elements thereof must comply with the regulations stipulated for new buildings, adapted to the technology to Fibre optic be installed.  Dimensioning of the DF-FO secondary  The cable from the DF-FO secondary according to the number of dwellings in the must be terminated, inside the building, considering two fibres per dwelling. dwelling, in a TS. The secondary is common to all operators.  In addition to the present installation Access to it must be ensured. of FO, the installation of TS of other  Operators are responsible for dimensioning technologies, CP and CC may also the primaries. be envisaged, to safeguard the  Star-shape topology. correct interconnection with client Cabling  The project must present a diagram of the equipment. cable network to be installed.  In the case of installation of a TS in  Cables for the dwellings may be installed in CP, the latter must be located so as phases as the service is contracted. to allow the connection of wireless  The use of pre-connectorised cables is equipment and enable the total recommended. coverage of the dwelling, by being carefully located. GLOSSARY - ITED4 138  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.65 - Adaptation of pre-RITA buildings to FO technology 4.4.3 ADAPTATION OF RITA BUILDINGS TO A TECHNOLOGY The spaces to be used must have sufficient capacity for installing the secondary and the primaries of at least two operators. The designer must select the space in accordance with the following criteria: a) All the spaces which belong to the collective piping network are eligible for housing the DF and different DF may be located in different boxes, provided that the space necessary for their placing and the operator primaries is ensured; b) The choice of the GDF box must be given preference. If there is insufficient space in this box, provision for its installation in the immediate adjacent mains boxes may be considered; c) If there is no space available in the collective piping network, the installation of a supplementary box alongside the GDF box with mandatory interconnection to the latter, should be considered. This box may be embedded in the wall, or surface-mounted. Its installation is recommended, if possible, at a minimum height of 2.20 m, between the base of the box and the floor. The supplementary box may be installed in any common area of the building, provided MICE conditions are met. After the analysis of the existing networks in the building, a piping network and cable networks in the copper pair, coaxial or fibre optic must be prepared, taking into account the provisions, respectively, in tables 4.66, 4.67 and 4.68. Technology Requirement Collective network Individual network The network is properly dimensioned to The network is properly dimensioned to enable the passage of copper pair enable the passage of copper pair Piping cables. cables.  According to the service to be provided According to the service to be provided, the reformulation of the existing copper the reformulation of the existing copper pair cable network may be required: pair cable network may be required:  Dimensioning of the DF-CP according to  Termination of the cable from the DF-CP the number of dwellings in the building, in a TS in CP, with the characteristics at least 1 cable per dwelling. The laid down in this manual; secondary is common to all operators. Copper pair  For installation of a TS in CP, the latter Access to it must be ensured. must be located so as to allow the  Operators are responsible for the Cabling connection of wireless equipment and dimensioning of the primaries; enable the total coverage of the  Star-shape topology; dwelling, by being carefully located.  The project must present a diagram of the cable network to be installed.  Cables for the dwellings may be installed in phases as the service is contracted.  The project must present a diagram of the cable network to be installed. 4.66 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to CP technology GLOSSARY - ITED4 139  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Technology Requirement Collective network Individual network  If the existing RM does not have  Conduits or cable trays must be sufficient space for the installation, a dimensioned in accordance with the new RM must be dimensioned, as dimensioning rules laid down in this mentioned for pre-RITA buildings. This manual, according to the number of RM must be interconnected with the first cables. to ensure access of the cabling to the  If the PSB (Private Subscriber Block) dwellings; box has insufficient space, there should Piping  If the GDF is insufficient, a be a box with the minimum dimensions Coaxial supplementary box must be installed of 160 mm x 80 mm, with a minimum which is interconnected with the former; depth of 55 mm, for the termination of  The remaining constituent elements the piping coming from the RM. thereof must comply with the regulations stipulated for new buildings, adapted to the technology to be installed. The same as that laid down for Pre-RITA The same as that laid down for Pre-RITA Cabling buildings. buildings. 4.67 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to CC technology Technology Requirement Collective network Individual network  If the existing RM has insufficient space Conduits or cable trays must be for the installation of the FO, a new RM dimensioned in accordance with the must be dimensioned, as mentioned in dimensioning rules laid down in this Pre-RITA buildings. This RM must be manual, according to the number of interconnected with the first to ensure cables. access of the cabling to the dwellings;  If the GDF box is insufficient, a Piping supplementary box must be installed which is interconnected with the former.  The remaining constituent elements of the collective network must comply with the regulations stipulated for new buildings, adapted to the technology to be installed. Fibre optic  Dimensioning of the DF-FO secondary  The cable from the DF-FO secondary according to the number of dwellings in must be terminated inside the dwelling, the building, considering two fibres per or in the PSB box, or in adapters or a dwelling. The secondary is common to suitable TS. all operators. Access to it must be  In addition to the present installation of ensured. FO, the installation of TS of other  Operators are responsible for technologies, CP and CC may be Cabling dimensioning the primaries. envisaged, to safeguard the correct  Star-shape topology. interconnection with client equipment.  The project must present a diagram of  For installation of a TS in CP, the latter the cable network to be installed. must be located so as to allow the  Cables for the dwellings may be installed connection of wireless equipment and in phases, as the service is contracted. enable the total coverage of the  The use of pre-connectorised cables is dwelling, by being carefully located. recommended. 4.68 - Adaptation of RITA buildings to FO technology GLOSSARY - ITED4 140  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.4.4 ADAPTATION OF ITED1 BUILDINGS TO A TECHNOLOGY The telecommunications infrastructure constructed under Decree-Law No 59/2000 of 19 April 2000, in accordance with the technical requirements and specifications of the 1st edition of the ITED manual, called ITED1, must necessarily be considered in the preparation of the project and installation of the cabling necessary for the functionality intended by the project owner and adaptation of the existing one. After the analysis of the existing networks in the building, the piping network and cabling networks must be prepared, taking into account the requirements in tables 4.69, 4.70 and 4.71. Technology Requireme Collective network Individual network nt The network is properly dimensioned to The network is properly dimensioned to enable the passage of cables in this enable the passage of cables in this Piping technology. technology. Copper pair The building already has this technology The building already has this technology Cabling from the outset. from the outset. 4.69 - Adaptation of an ITED1 building to PC technology Technology Requirement Collective network Individual network  The network is properly dimensioned to  The network is properly dimensioned to enable the passage of coaxial cables. enable the passage of coaxial cables.  There may be extreme situations where there is insufficient space in the BTC for Piping the installation of any HE and DF-CC. In this situation, the immediately adjacent RM-CC (Coaxial Cable Rising Mains) or RM-PC (Copper Pair Rising Mains) boxes may be used.  The cables from the DF must be Need to change the building’s CATV networks: terminated in the ITC, in a DF-CC to be installed according to the service to be  If the existing CATV network has been provided. executed in a star-shape topology, the  The existing coaxial network must be existing DF must be reformulated, to used for distribution from the ITC. Coaxial enable access by various operators;  For the distribution of the services, the  If the existing CATV has not been installation of copper pair or coaxial executed in a star-shape topology, the cabling may be required, in particular in following options should be considered: SMATV services, where installed cabling Cabling  Reformulation of the existing network to only allows distribution up to 1 GHz. a star-shape topology, to enable access of various operators;  Execution of an alternative network, in a star-shape topology, to ensure access of various operators, allowing the dimensioning of the DF-CC with the capacity for the connection of 1 cable per dwelling. In this situation, the passage of cables may be phased as clients are contracted. GLOSSARY - ITED4 141  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  The project must present a diagram of the cable network to be installed. Construction of a S/MATV network:  The HE must be dimensioned according to the existing space allocated for it and in such a manner as to ensure access of the service to all clients;  Star-shape or cascade topology, according to the existing space in the BTC and RM. 4.70 - Adaptation of ITED1 buildings to CC technology Technology Requirement Collective network Individual network  The piping network is properly  The piping network is properly dimensioned to enable the passage of dimensioned to enable the passage of Piping fibre optic cables. fibre optic cables.  All spaces belonging to the piping  The cable from the DF-FO secondary network are eligible to house the DF-FO. must be terminated in the ITC, in The space must have sufficient capacity adapters or a suitable TS. Where there for installing the secondary and is no space to accommodate the active primaries of at least two operators; equipment inside the ITC, the cable must  The choice of the BTC must be given be terminated at a TS, which may be preference. The existing space in the installed in the mounting box socket BTC box or boxes should be taken into designed for the passage of cabling for account, and the secondary DF-FO may the connection of future services, or in a be divided by each of them to ensure socket to be installed in one of the rooms. the space necessary for the  The distribution of the service should be installation of the primaries; carried out by using existing cabling.  Where there is an upper BTC, it should Fibre optic be considered as an alternative to the lower BTC; Cabling  If there is no space available in the BTC to house the primary of the second operator, its installation may be envisaged in the immediately adjacent RM-CP and RM-CC boxes;  As an alternative to the previous paragraph, the cable input box may be considered, if it exists.  Dimensioning of the DF-FO secondary according to the number of dwellings in the building, considering two fibres per dwelling. The secondary is common to all operators. Access to it must be ensured.  Operators are responsible for dimensioning the primaries.  Star-shape topology. GLOSSARY - ITED4 142  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY  The project must present a diagram of the cable network to be installed.  Cables for the dwellings may be installed in phases, as the service is contracted. The installation of a minimum of two fibres per dwelling is permitted.  The use of pre-connectorised cables is recommended. 4.71 - Adaptation of ITED1 buildings to FO technology Figures 4.72, 4.73, 4.74 and 4.75 present various examples of installations to be considered. 4.72 - Division of the DF-FO in the BTC boxes CM-PC RM-CP PRIM OPER 1 PRIM OPER 1 Parte do RG-FO Part of the DF-FO RG-PC DF-CP Cabo de FO operador 1 FO cable operator 1 CM-CC RM-CC RG-CC DF-CC GLOSSARY - ITED4 143  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.73 - Installation of the DF-FO in the upper BTC ATE Superior Upper BTC PRIM OPER 1 PRIM OPER 1 CR HE RG-FO DF-FO Cabo de FO operador 2 FO cable operator 2 CM-PC RM-CP CM-CC RM-CC GLOSSARY - ITED4 144  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.74 - Installation of the DF-FO in the lower BTC, division of the 2nd operator primary CM-PC RM-CP PRIM OPER 1 PRIM OPER 1 Primário RG-FO operador 1 DF-FO operator 1 CM-CC RM-CC RG-CC DF-CC RG-PC DF-CP Secundário RG-FO DF-FO secondary Cabo de FO operador 1 FO cable operator 1 GLOSSARY - ITED4 145  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 4.75 - Installation of DF-FO in a cable input box Caixa de Entrada de Cabos Cable Input Box PRIM OPER 1 PRIM OPER 1 RG-FO DF-FO Cabo de FO operador 2 FO cable operator 2 Tubos de entrada de cabos Cable input piping ATE BTC RG-CC DF-CC RG-PC DF-CP 4.5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS IN LIFTS 4.5.1 LIFTS IN BUILDINGS The regulatory context in relation to the essential health and safety requirements regarding the design and manufacture of lifts and safety components, set out in Decree-Law No 295/1998 of 22 September 1998, establishes that cars must be fitted with two-way means of communication allowing permanent contact with a rescue service. In addition, the above legislation stipulates that the means of communication must function even without a normal power supply. Their period of autonomous operation should be long enough to allow normal operation of the rescue procedure. Therefore, in terms of the project, both ITED4 and ITED4a, the dimensioning of a copper pair cable from the DF-CP must be envisaged, terminating in a RJ45 socket, to activate analogical access. Another communication solution may be considered, provided it ensures the same functionality. GLOSSARY - ITED4 146  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5 INSTALLATION The installation rules apply to all types of buildings, regardless of their specification. These regulations should be understood as the minimum requirements, without prejudice to the use of others regarded as being more advanced, provided they comply with applicable European Standards. The installation should be in accordance with the technical project that gave rise to it, and with the technical requirements and specifications established in this manual. The installer must take into consideration the technical characteristics defined in Chapter 3 of this manual, and the technical specifications and instructions of the manufacturers of the equipment and materials. The equipment and materials must be in accordance with the list presented in the project and may only be replaced with others with the same or higher technical characteristics. If there are omissions in the definitions of the equipment, the designer should be consulted to clarify them. The environmental conditions for installation must be complied with in accordance with Chapter 8 of this manual. The connection of the ITED to public communications networks, by electronic communications service providers, may only take place after the Certificate of Completion has been issued for the implementation of the installation. 5.1 INSTALLATION OF THE PIPING NETWORK 5.1.1 INSTALLATION OF CONDUITS - GENERAL RULES In the installation of conduits, the following requirements must be complied with: a) The installation of cables, equipment and other devices which are not intended to ensure services provided for within the framework of the ITED is not permitted; b) The installation of electrical and earthing systems should be in accordance with Chapter 7 of this manual; c) Pipe bending operations should be implemented using a bending machine or tool appropriate for the piping section; d) The maximum permissible eccentricity of bent pipes is 30 % and ovalisation should not exceed 20 % along the whole of the bending curve; e) The cleaning of the piping must be ensured to avoid the accumulation of stones, sand or other particles that may prevent the proper installation and handling of the cables; f) The piping should be installed so as to enable the threading and removal of cables without damaging them; g) Piping should not have any sharp edges or corners which could damage the cable jackets; h) It should be possible to install fire breaks in the piping, as set out in the applicable regulations. GLOSSARY - ITED4 147  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5.1.1.1 TAP AND UNDERGROUND CONDUITS In the installation of TAP the following requirements must be complied with: a) Measures must be taken to avoid the ingress of water or moisture. This requirement may be complied with by capping the piping and a establishing a minimum inclination of 45°; b) In the TAP, the radius of curvature of both cables and piping should enable the execution of a cable loop, at the piping outlet, for draining water, as shown in the example in figure 5.1; Antena Cabo coaxial Ligação ao ATE ou ATI Ansa 5.1 - TAP pipe Ligação ao ATE ou ATI Connection to the BTC or ITC Antena Aerial Cabo coaxial Coaxial cable Ansa Loop Inclinação ≥ 45o Inclination ≥ 45o c) TAP piping must be terminated outside the building, at the place of installation of the aerials; d) All conduits should be capped at the ends and possibly properly tilted, to prevent the infiltration of moisture and animals into the buildings, or the accumulation of debris. The capping system to be used must be appropriate for the place of installation. The installation of towing cables in underground conduits is mandatory, in particular in the connection between the CVM/CAM and the BTC/ITC. 5.1.1.2 COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL CONDUIT NETWORKS The following requirements must be complied with: a) Conduits which pass through building expansion joints should be fitted with articulated or elastic accessories appropriate for the dimensional variations to which they are subject; b) Embedded piping networks should be inspected prior to filling in the channels or covering with plaster; c) In exposed installations which use piping, fixing with brackets with a maximum spacing of 500 mm is permitted. d) The radius of curvature of piping should be equal to or greater than 6 times its external diameter; e) Right angles in the piping are not allowed. Their angles of curvature should be greater than 90º. Where this requirement is unable to be complied with, junction boxes should be used; f) In the installation of conduits, discontinued sections are not permitted; GLOSSARY - ITED4 148  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY g) The mechanical protection of cables in the angles of the trunking routes must be ensured by using appropriate accessories; h) The installation of ringed piping is allowed in false ceilings and hollow walls; i) Joints between ringed pipes and pipes with a smooth interior are not permitted. The transition of ringed piping, installed in false ceilings and hollow walls, to the layout embedded in the wall, is carried by installing a pull box; j) The routing of cables in air shafts must not affect the thermal seal, intended to avoid the spreading of fire; k) The painting of trunking is permitted provided that it continues to be able to be opened. 5.1.2 INSTALLATION OF BOXES The following requirements must be complied with: a) The boxes of the collective network should be installed so that their tops are at a distance of more than 2.5 m from floor level. Where ceiling heights do not allow that distance, boxes must be installed as close as possible to the ceiling; b) Cuts to be made to boxes, for the passage of piping or trunking should have not sharp edges or ridges; c) Piping and trunking when connecting to the boxes should be terminated without sharp edges or ridges. For this purpose, appropriate accessories should be used, in particular by using nozzles, heads, cable glands or parts made from moulded material; d) In mains boxes which use piping, the minimum distance between the piping and the ends of the box must not be less than 10 mm as indicated in figure 5.2. 5.2 - Minimum distances of pipes to sides of boxes and between each other Tubos Piping e) Floor-mounted mounting boxes are not permitted with covers whose protection rating is less than IP44 and IK09, as stipulated in Standards EN 50085-1 and EN 50085-1 and EN 50085- 2-2; f) Mounting boxes which are not used should be sealed with a suitable cover. GLOSSARY - ITED4 149  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY It is also recommended that:  The assembly of mounting boxes on the floor must be in such a manner as to avoid infiltration of moisture and dust;  Mounting boxes be installed at a height equal to or greater than 30 cm above floor level, measured at the centre. 5.1.3 INSTALLATION OF THE CAM The CAM should be installed so that its lower side is not more than 1.5 m from ground level. This side is extended to enable the interconnection with the public telecommunications network through 2 pipes of Ø63 mm. To ensure the location and accessibility of the above pipes, the following installation requirements must be considered: a) Terminating at a minimum depth of 30 cm below ground level; b) Ensuring their verticality, considering the main elevation of the CAM (front view); c) Terminating beyond the boundary of the underground foundations, at a distance equal to or greater than 30 cm from the alignment of the wall where they are positioned; d) Terminations of pipes must not be accompanied by concrete, it being preferable to lay them on a sand bed to facilitate discovery and interconnection of those pipes to the underground networks; e) The terminations of the pipes must be properly capped. 5.1.4 INSTALLATION OF THE DP - CABINETS AND RACKS The DP, in particular the BTC and ITC, may be found on the market as a ready-to-install solution or built on site by using cabinets or racks. The installation of DP in ITED must comply with the following requirements: a) The installer should take into account the diagram of the BTC, prepared by the designer, to ensure the space intended for the primaries of the operators; b) Earthing should be ensured of the devices and materials for the proper functioning of the networks and the protection of people against direct contact, in accordance with Chapter 7; c) The location of the DP must allow easy access and be well ventilated; d) Supply cables of electrical sockets in the DP should not circulate inside them and their route should be limited to the necessary minimum; e) Where physical partitions are used between the electrical supply cables and telecommunications cables, whether they are metallic or insulated, they must comply with the requirements imposed by IP20, as in EN 60529. 5.1.5 INSTALLATION OF OTHER ELEMENTS In the installation of other elements, in addition to those referred to above, the following requirements must be complied with: a) In areas of buildings open to the public, the piping elements, excluding conduits, must be assembled at a height of not less than 2.5 m. For lower installation heights, a system with a cover should be installed; GLOSSARY - ITED4 150  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY b) Installations should be implemented in accordance with the manufacturers' technical instructions; c) Where metal elements are used in cable routing, these should be properly earthed, following the requirements and recommendations set out in Standards EN 50174-2 and EN 50310; d) Only accessories which form part of the system used should be employed; e) A minimum height of 200 mm above the cables should be ensured for cable trays, to allow the cables to be handled during installation. 5.1.6 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PIPING The elements of the piping network, in particular the boxes, cabinets and racks, should be identified in accordance with table 3.39. Mounting boxes are exempt from identification. Branches from the rising mains, in particular outlets to the dwellings, must be identified inside the mains boxes. 5.2 INSTALLATION OF CABLE NETWORKS AND DISTRIBUTION FRAMES In the installation of conduits in ITED, the following requirements must be complied with: a) ITED cables must be supported by piping. External cables, between the TAP and connection to the aerials, are excluded from this obligation; b) Reserve cable storage, if any, should be implemented in the mains boxes, or others, to be installed for this purpose. In the DP, cables should be of sufficient length to terminate in the distribution frames; c) Cables should be properly accommodated and fixed, to avoid traction of the cables due to their weight. The method selected for fastening the cables should not apply tightening forces which may alter the characteristics of the cables; d) In collective networks the cable should be grouped by technology and use the corresponding conduit; e) In individual networks, the piping may be shared by cables of different technologies; f) Continuity of the earth connections of the metal shields of the cables should be ensured, where appropriate; g) The prescribed distance in accordance with formula 4.18, between telecommunications and power cables must be ensured; h) Collective network cables should be identified, in particular the outputs to the dwellings; i) All cables installed in an individual network must necessarily be connected to a TS; j) In DP the cables should be threaded through the sides of the cabinets or racks and fastened with the appropriate devices; k) The location of the distribution frames should be close to the cable output conduits, to minimise the length of permanent connections and unnecessary occupation of cabinets with cables; l) The DP should contain the indication of the correspondence between the distribution frame outputs and sockets of the various technologies; The identification of the sockets must be in accordance with that defined in the project; GLOSSARY - ITED4 151  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY m) The threading of cables should be carried out with special care to avoid changing the mechanical and technical characteristics of the cables, and the maximum traction forces indicated by the manufacturers should be observed, as well as the maximum radii of curvature; n) Threading using traction should employ plastic or metal guides, which are flexible and correctly dimensioned so as to minimise damage to the piping network. A lubricant may be used provided it does not contain in its composition chemical products that could affect the piping or sheaths, and should be flame-retardant and hydrophobic. 5.2.1 COPPER PAIR NETWORKS There are two methods for connecting four pairs to the respective connectors, A and B, as shown in figure 5.3. Routine in patch cords Routine in permanent connections 5.3 - Methods A and B of copper pair connections The installer must choose one of the methods, either A or B, and maintain it in the whole installation. The following requirements in connections should be taken into account: a) The minimum cable jacket should be removed so as to enable the connection, maintaining the original twisting of the cable, i.e. the pairs should not be untwisted more than necessary, for the cable to be compatible with the connector. Excessive untwisting leads to failures in testing, in particular in the NEXT parameter; b) Untwisting pairs, even if they are immediately twisted again is not a correct procedure. The preparation must be started once again, maintaining the original twisting of the cable; c) Where a specific tool is required for the connection, those recommended by the manufacturers of the connection devices should be used; d) Cables should be arranged and fixed in the DP by using the appropriate devices, to ensure non-interference with mechanical manoeuvres to be carried out in the cabling; e) Where connections are made by using shielded cables, suitable shielded connectors should be used to ensure the earthing of the shielding, at least at one end of the connection. For the improvement of electromagnetic efficiency, it is recommended that the connection is made on the two ends of the connection. It should also be ensured that there are no interruptions in the shielding, so as not to jeopardise its efficiency; GLOSSARY - ITED4 152  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY f) Connections should not be made by using a mixture of shielded elements with non-shielded elements, since this practice jeopardises the efficiency of the shielding; g) Cables with flexible conductors are usually used in patch cords, where flexibility and handling frequency are required. In permanent connections, cables with solid conduits should be used; h) Where metal structures which are an integral part of the building are used as a support for the passage of cables, it is recommended that these be threaded in the internal corners thereof, to improve electromagnetic efficiency; i) Devices of different categories should not be mixed in the same connection, as this practice may not guarantee the intended connection class. Figure 5.4 provides an example of tools which may be used in the preparation of connections and terminations in the copper pair network. 5.4 - Example of tools for connections and terminations of copper pairs 5.2.2 COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS 5.2.2.1 GENERAL RULES For the preparation of the connection of the coaxial cables, a specific tool should be used, in particular compression pliers and a cable preparation tool. In permanent connections, F connectors should be tightened to the devices so the body of the connector remains positioned alongside the body of the device. The use of fast connection F connectors is only permitted in connections which terminate directly in a TS. The masses of the equipment and coaxial devices should be earthed. The outputs which are not used of the signal splitters and distribution frames should be terminated with loads of the specified impedance of 75 Ω. In ICS, where two coaxial cables arrive at the ITC (CATV and S/MATV), if there is a single coaxial distribution frame, the cable that is not connected should be terminated with loads of the specified impedance of 75 Ω, and the possible use of an F-F joint. The use of female F connectors in the installation of the DF-CC is recommended. The use of straight F connectors is recommended over angle connectors. GLOSSARY - ITED4 153  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5.2.2.2 INSTALLATION OF S/MATV SYSTEMS When installing S/MATV systems, the technical project, point 4.1.5.4.3 of this manual and any alterations that it may be subjected to must be considered, given the time gap between the two moments, i.e. between the project and respective installation. The adaptation of the S/MATV system to the reception conditions found during installation is accepted as necessary. The installer should consider, in particular: a) Orientation and location of the aerials; b) Verification of the correct operation of the LNB; c) Correct location of all the elements, in particular the aerial, the SA, RF filter, pre-amplifier and amplifier, where appropriate. RF filters and pre-amplifiers may be integrated in the aerials; d) Elements of the coaxial network with the specified impedance of 75 Ω; e) Outputs which are not connected should be charged with a load of 75 Ω; f) Adjustment of the HE in accordance with the signal values recommended for the sockets; g) Assess the continuity of the shielding of the cables and devices; h) Tightening of connectors. The body of the connector should be fixed alongside the body of the device; i) Earthing of the shielding and coaxial cable protection system, in particular the SA, mast for fixing aerials and masses of the equipment and devices; j) Connections to infrastructure earth protections are made in the existing earthing bars, which in turn are connected to the building’s MET, via the PEB. When metal struts are used for securing devices, these should be connected to the existing earthing bars; k) When installing a SCS-type system (Single Coaxial System), in addition to ensuring the CATV system, the installer must also ensure the connection and distribution of DTT signals. Figures 5.5 and 5.6 are an example of the tools that may be used in the preparation of coaxial systems and an example of a blocks schematic for the installation of aerials. GLOSSARY - ITED4 154  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5.5 - Example of tools for the preparation and terminations of coaxial systems DST Filtro RF de comunicações móveis Pré- amplificador Exterior do edifício ATE Superior (interior do edifício) Amplificador 5.6 - Example of a layout for the installation of aerials GLOSSARY - ITED4 155  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Exterior do edifício Building exterior ATE Superior (interior do edifício) Upper BTC (inside the building) DST SA Filtro RF de comunicações móveis Mobile communications RF Filter Pré- amplificador Pre-amplifier Amplificador Amplifier 5.2.3 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE NETWORKS When installing fibre optic cable networks, the following aspects must be considered: a) Connections in fibre optic cable networks should be carried out using specific tools, in accordance with the connection method adopted; b) Exposed fibres, resulting from the preparation for connection should be kept away from the skin and eyes; c) In the construction of fibre optic cables, the waste produced, in particular fibre fragments, should be treated with the utmost care, ensuring their non-manual collection in appropriate containers; d) Connectors for fibre optic connections should be handled so as to prevent them from being viewed directly when fibres are illuminated; e) Where large cables are used, in particular "riser" multifibre cables, in long vertical rising mains, loops in the boxes on each floor should be placed to relieve tension; f) When installing fibre optic cables the connection points should be properly protected so as to avoid the entry of dust, unwanted solid objects or liquids; g) In the DP, there should be suitable devices for the accommodation and organisation of the connections made (joined by fusion or direct connection to pre-connectorised cables); h) Optic adapters should be used in distribution frames with protected outlets, to avoid direct contact with illuminated fibres; i) Sockets must be properly identified according to the level of danger of optic radiation. 5.3 SUPPLY OF CONTRACTED SERVICES The provision of electronic communications services by operators to their clients requires compliance with Article 61(1) of DL123, which lays down the obligation of the use of already installed telecommunications infrastructure whenever the latter allows it to support the services to be provided and the technology to make available. Operators should assess the need to configure the existing installation, to supply the contracted services with the best possible quality. From the previous assessment, the following alterations may need to be carried out: a) Change of location of the existing TS with the mandatory use of the existing piping; b) Reformulation or installation of distribution frames, i.e. alteration of the CATV signal distribution frame to enable the modem to be adequately supplied; c) Configuration of the connection points and connections to equipment installed by the operator, i.e. adapting the coaxial distribution frame to signals from satellite dishes; d) Installation of the devices necessary for the full supply of their services, i.e. placing a signal distribution frame and amplifier. GLOSSARY - ITED4 156  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY The reformulations that the operator carries out in the installation must enable the original configuration to be restored, to facilitate management and future configurations of electronic communications. Figures 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and 5.10 present four possible examples of client installations, in the various technologies: ATI RC-CC CC 3 TT TDT - MATV CC 4 TT Switch RC-PC PC 3TT PC 4TT Operador ADSL Modem HDMI TV/R SAT SAT Router WIFI STB TV R CC 1 CC 2 PC 1 PC 2 ADSL IPTV Internet RF TV TDT Modulador RF 5.7 - Example of an ADSL and DTT installation Switch Switch Operador ADSL ADSL Operator Internet Internet Modem Router WIFI WIFI Modem Router HDMI HDMI IPTV IPTV Modulador RF RF Modulator STB STB TDT DTT RF TV TV RF ADSL ADSL SAT SAT TV/R TV/R RC-PC CD-CP RC-CC CD-CC ATI ITC TDT - MATV DTT - MATV GLOSSARY - ITED4 157  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ATI RC-CC TDT - MATV CC 3 TT CC 4 TT Operador satélite - SMATV Switch RC-PC PC 3 TT PC 4 TT Operador ADSL Modem HDMI SAT Router WIFI STB Satélite TV R TV R CC 1 CC 2 PC 1 PC 2 ADSL Internet SMATV RF TV Modulador RF 5.8 - Example of an ADSL, Satellite and DTT installation Switch Switch Operador satélite - SMATV Satellite Operator - SMATV Operador ADSL ADSL Operator Internet Internet Modem Router WIFI WIFI Modem Router HDMI HDMI IPTV IPTV Modulador RF RF Modulator STB Satélite STB Satellite TDT DTT RF TV TV RF ADSL ADSL SAT SAT TV/R TV/R RC-PC CD-CP RC-CC CD-CC ATI ITC TDT - MATV DTT - MATV GLOSSARY - ITED4 158  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ATI RC-CC CC 3 TT TDT - MATV CC 4 TT Operador Cabo - CATV Switch RC-PC PC 3 TT PC 4 TT Modem HDMI Router Dados WIFI STB TV R TV R TEL CC 1 CC 2 PC 1 PC 2 Internet Telefone CATV CATV TDT 5.9 - Example of a CATV and DTT installation Switch Switch Telefone Telephone Operador Cabo - CATV Cable Operator - CATV Internet Internet Modem Router WIFI WIFI Modem Router HDMI HDMI TEL TEL STB STB TDT DTT CATV CATV Dados Data R R TV TV RC-PC CD-CP RC-CC CD-CC ATI ITC TDT - MATV DTT - MATV GLOSSARY - ITED4 159  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ATI RC-CC CC 3 TT TDT - MATV CC 4 TT Switch RC-PC PC 3 TT PC 4 TT RC-FO Operador Fibra HDMI SAT ONT/Router STB TV R TV R CC 1 CC 2 PC 1 PC 2 IPTV Internet Telefone RF TV TDT 5.10 - Example of an installation of fibre optic cables and DTT TV/R SAT Switch Switch Operador Fibra Fibre Optic Operator Telefone Telephone Internet Internet HDMI HDMI IPTV IPTV ONT/Router ONT/Router STB STB TDT DTT RF TV TV RF SAT SAT R R TV TV RC-PC CD-CP RC-CC CD-CC RC-FO CD-FO ATI ITC TDT - MATV DTT - MATV GLOSSARY - ITED4 160  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5.4 EXAMPLE OF A PIPING EXTENSION The minimum installation of a mixed socket (CP and CC) in each room of a residential dwelling, or two separate sockets, provided they are at a distance of no more than 20 cm apart, is not restrictive to the extension of the planned piping, to provide the services to other points in the rooms. This example shows the installation of a mixed socket (MS) with the extension of the embedded piping, which will provide a future connection to TV equipment, without the need to place telecommunications and power sockets next to it and also ensuring that they maintain their original functionalities, without altering the network architecture. The case shown is not mandatory and does not constitute any change to the ITED designed, with it not being required to amend the project or contact the designer. This solution allows for greater flexibility in the use of electronic communications services and avoids the visual impact of the installation of telecommunications and power sockets in the middle of walls. Figure 5.11 shows the installation of two possible points for the installation of a TV (position 1 and position 2) by installing an embedded conduit. Position 2 was chosen for the installation of the TV. 5.11 - Example of a piping extension Posição 1 Position 1 TDT DTT TV TV TM MS The boxes are interconnected by Ø32 mm pipes. Boxes 2 and 3 should be fitted with a lid to enable their integration in the walls. Box 1, for convenience, shall have a rosette to enable the patch cords and energy cables to pass through between the sockets and position 2. GLOSSARY - ITED4 161  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 5.5 TEMPORARY INSTALLATIONS Temporary installations may be established when arranging exhibitions, conferences, or during other restricted time events, on sites and other locations to be considered by the building owners. These types of installations should be dismantled at the end of the events. Temporary installations should meet the provisions of this manual, which refer to the safety of people and goods, and should be authorised by the building owners or project owner, by means of documentation which attests to non-interference with other services. 5.6 ASSESSMENT OF ITED The assessment of ITED is the responsibility of the installer, who must ensure compliance of the ITED with the project and applicable technical regulations, in accordance with Article 76(1) of DL123, ensuring that the ITED are suitable for a secure connection to the electronic communications networks. The above assessment is carried out by applying the ITED Assessment Procedure, which the installer must comply with. The above procedure is a separate document to the ITED manual, of the responsibility of ANACOM, available on this Authority’s platform. Included in the procedure are a number of elements, the issue of which is mandatory, such as the Functional Test Report (FTR) and Certificate of Completion for the implementation of the installation. The connection of ITED to public communications networks may only take place after the Certificate of Completion has been issued for the implementation of the installation. GLOSSARY - ITED4 162  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 6 TESTS The fitness of the installed cable networks must be ensured by the performance of mandatory tests. It is essential for the tests to be performed on all the connections and that their results enable a conclusion to be reached on the fitness of the networks for the transport and distribution of electronic communications services. The parameters to be measured for each network must be understood as the minimum and additional parameters may be considered with a view to ensuring the fitness of the networks for more specific usages. For more detailed information, Standard EN 50346 should be consulted, where the testing requirements to be carried out on installed networks are set out. The methods presented must be viewed as a reference, with the application of alternative methods not being prohibited, provided that the correct measurement of the mandatory parameters is ensured. For the purposes of testing the installed networks, it is important to mention that these are considered fit when all the permanent connections comprising them are within the limits set out in this chapter. By definition, permanent connections include, apart from the cable, the respective connector elements (distribution frames and diverters are not considered connector elements). The S/MATV system is tested taking into account the signal level to be made available in the TS, in accordance with the DTT service installed. Although of the responsibility of the installer, the latter may use a third party to conduct the tests. Irrespective of whoever conducts the tests, the assessment and respective conclusion on the fitness of the networks installed is always the responsibility of the installer. Therefore, the following must be ensured: a) The whole cable network is tested, irrespective of the type of building; b) The test results are correctly recorded and included in the FTR (Functional Test Report); Tests are deemed to be correctly recorded in the FTR when: i) It includes the name of the person/entity who conducted the test; ii) It includes the date on which the tests were conducted; iii) There is an unambiguous identification of the permanent connections tested; iv) The tests conducted on the TS identify them in accordance with the technical project. c) The results obtained in the tests enable the fitness of the cables installed to be concluded; d) The equipment used in the tests is appropriate and duly calibrated. 6.1 COPPER PAIR NETWORKS The guarantee of fitness of copper pair networks must be obtained by tests that attest that their permanent connections are within the limits set out in Standard EN 50173, in accordance with table 6.1. MINIMUM CONNECTIONS TO BE PARAMETERS TO BE NETWORK CONNECTION CLASS TESTED MEASURED TO BE GUARANTEED Collective DF-CP ↔ CD-CC Return loss1,3 Class E GLOSSARY - ITED4 163  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY DF-CP ↔ TS5 Insertion loss DF-CP ↔ ITP NEXT2,3 DF-CP ↔ SCP PSNEXT2,3 ACR-N (ACR)3 CD-CP ↔ TS PSACR-N (PSACR)3 CD-CP ↔ SDP ACR-F (ELFEXT) SDP ↔ SDP PSACR-F (PSELFEXT) Individual SDP ↔ TS Loop resistance (DCLR) ITP ↔ CD-CP Propagation Delay) ITP ↔ SCP Delay Skew) SCP ↔ TS Wire Map Length4 1 - The values of this parameter, for connections with and insertion loss of less than 3 dB, should not be considered for the guarantee of the class connection. In this situation the values are for information purposes only. 2 - The values of this parameter, for connections with an insertion loss of less than 4 dB, should not be considered for the guarantee of the class connection. In this situation the values are for information purposes only. 3 - The values of these parameters should be measured at the two ends of the connection being tested. 4 -The value of this parameter is for information purposes only. 5 - When there are TS installed in collective areas. 6.1 - Mandatory tests in CP networks 6.1.1 TEST METHOD - CP For conducting tests to copper pair networks: a) The equipment to be used is a cable certifier comprised of a main unit and a remote unit, which are connected at the ends of the permanent connection to be tested, as shown in figure 6.2; 6.2 - Example of a test between CD-CP and a TS GLOSSARY - ITED4 164  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Tomada Pares de Cobre Copper Pair Socket b) The cable certifier must be configured for the performance of the tests in accordance with Standard EN 50173 and the class to be guaranteed (Class E as a minimum), in permanent link mode. The NVP referring to the cable to be tested must also be introduced in the cable certifier; c) Test and measurement equipment should be compatible with the respective test equipment and connection class intended to be guaranteed and should be replaced as soon as the maximum number of tests set out by the manufacturer is reached, or if they are damaged; d) All the connectors are properly cleaned and free of dust; e) The self-calibration procedure of the certifier should be carried out whenever the tests of a new infrastructure are initiated or the results obtained present deviations for no apparent reason. This procedure should not be confused with calibration of the equipment; f) The connection class is considered to be guaranteed when the values of the parameters measured are within the defined limits; Note: The indications “Pass/Fail” presented by cable certifiers must be considered for the guarantee of the connection class; g) The test results for each permanent connection must be recorded in the FTR, and the unambiguous identification of those connections. 6.1.2 CORRECTIVE MEASURES - CP Where there are parameters with values outside the limits for the connection class being tested, corrective measures should be adopted to eliminate the causes that led to the failures of the parameters. Table 6.3 shows a number of possible causes for the failure of some parameters in CP tests. PARAMETER WHICH FALLS OUTSIDE THE POSSIBLE CAUSES LIMIT Return loss ● Excessive untwisting of pairs next to the connectors ● Grooves in the cable ● Low quality connectors Insertion loss ● Cable of excessive length – check for unnecessary service loops Loop resistance ● Connection between the cable and connectors with high contact resistances ● Contact of oxidised connectors NEXT ● Excessive untwisting of pairs next to the connectors PSNEXT ● Use of devices that do not meet the minimum category for the permanent connection tested ● Excessive compression in the cable caused by mounting brackets ● Low quality connectors or cables ● Split pairs GLOSSARY - ITED4 165  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ACR-N ● General rule: solve the problems with the NEXT first PSACR-N ● Service loops with excessively tight curvature radii ACR-F PSACR-F Length ● Cable of excessive length – check for unnecessary service loops ● NVP (Nominal Velocity Propagation), introduced in the equipment, does not correspond to that of the cable installed Propagation delay ● Cable of excessive length – check for unnecessary service loops 6.3 - Possible causes for failures in CP tests 6.2 COAXIAL CABLE NETWORKS The guarantee of fitness of coaxial networks must be obtained by tests that attest that the permanent connections of those networks are within the limits set out in Standard EN 50173, in accordance with table 6.4. PARAMETERS TO MINIMUM NETWORK CONNECTIONS TO BE TESTED BE MEASURED CONNECTION CLASS TO BE GUARANTEED DF-CC ↔ CD-CC DF-CC ↔ TS1 Collective DF-CC ↔ ITP DF-CC ↔ SCP CD-CC ↔ TS Attenuation CD-CC ↔ SDP BCT-C-M Slope SDP ↔ SDP Individual SDP ↔ TS ITP ↔ CD-CC ITP ↔ SCP SCP ↔ TS 1 - When there are TS installed in collective areas. 6.4 - Mandatory tests in coaxial networks The guarantee of fitness and of the correct functioning of the S/MATV system must be obtained by tests that attest that the DTT is within the limits set out in Standard IEC 60728-1, in accordance with table 6.5. GLOSSARY - ITED4 166  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY PARAMETERS TO NETWORK POINTS TO BE TESTED BE MEASURED Signal level S/MATV In the TS MER 6.5 - Mandatory tests in S/MATV systems 6.2.1 TEST METHOD - COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK The purpose of the method presented is to obtain the attenuation and slope values necessary for the assessment of the fitness of the collective and individual network. To conduct the tests on collective and individual coaxial networks, the following should be taken into account: a) Equipment to be used: noise generator and field meter; b) The attenuation is obtained from the ratio between the two measurements of the signal level, the first called the reference measurement and a second referring to the signal measurement after inserting the permanent connection. The slope is obtained from the ratio between attenuations at each end of the frequency bands considered. c) To obtain the reference measurement, the noise generator is directly connected to the field meter. For this connection, two coaxial patch cords should be used, with a minimum length of 0.5 m each, as indicated in figure 6.6; 6.6 - Reference measurement Gerador de Ruído Noise Generator Medidor de Campo Field Meter d) The reference measurements are recorded for the test frequencies of 47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz; Note: In field meters capable of performing relative measurements, the record of the reference measurements is unnecessary, and the equipment should be configured accordingly; e) The patch cords used to obtain the reference measurements should not be replaced during the entire test; f) The testing of the collective network may be conducted only on the network intended for the distribution of CATV, with the network tests intended for the distribution of S/MATV covered in point 6.2.2. GLOSSARY - ITED4 167  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY g) The testing of the collective network is conducted by connecting the noise generator to the permanent connection where the DF-CC secondary is located and the meter on the other end of the connection, in accordance with table 6.4; h) The measurements of the signal level at the test frequencies of 47 MHz and 862 MHz. i) The attenuation values, at each of the test frequencies, are the result of the difference between the reference measurements and the level measurements obtained in the previous paragraph. It should be taken into account that equipment capable of performing relative tests carry out this calculation automatically; j) The slope values are calculated that result from the difference between the attenuation value at 862 MHz and the attenuation value at 47 MHz; k) The connection class BCT-C-M is considered to be guaranteed when the attenuation and slope values are below the limits indicated in table 6.7; FREQUENCY PARAMETER LIMIT VALUE Attenuation 13.8 dB 47 MHz to 862 MHz Slope 10.8 dB 6.7 - Limit attenation and slope values l) The attenuation values for each frequency (47 MHz and 862 MHz) and the respective slope for each permanent connection of the collective network must be included in the FTR, and the unambiguous identification of those connections; m) The testing of the individual network is carried out by connecting the noise generator to one of the ends of the permanent connection, and the field meter connected at the other end, in accordance with figure 6.8; ATI Ligação Permanente Medidor de Campo TT TT TT TT TT RC-CC (+F) (-F) 6.8 - House, with generator connected to the CD-CC of the ITC Ligação Permanente Permanent Connection Medidor de Campo Field Meter n) The measurements of the signal level at the test frequencies of 47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz are recorded; GLOSSARY - ITED4 168  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Note: When measurements are carried out in coaxial sockets, with multiple connection points, particular attention should be given to the correct choice of connection point at which the measurement is carried out, according to the signal frequency to be measured. o) The attenuation values, at each of the test frequencies, are the result of the difference between the reference measurements and the level measurements obtained in the previous paragraph. It should be taken into account that equipment capable of performing relative tests carry out this calculation automatically; p) The slope value is calculated which results from the difference between the attenuation value at 862 MHz and the attenuation value at 47 MHz, and the slope value resulting from the difference between the attenuation value at 2 150 MHz and the attenuation value at 950 MHz; q) The connection class BCT-C-M is considered to be guaranteed when the attenuation and slope values are below the limits indicated in table 6.9; FREQUENCY PARAMETER Limit value Attenuation 13.8 dB 47 MHz to 862 MHz Slope 10.8 dB Attenuation 23.4 dB 950 MHz to 2 150 MHz Slope 8.4 dB 6.9 - Limit attenuation and slope values r) The attenuation values for each frequency (47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz), and respective slope, for each permanent connection of the individual network, must be included in the FTR, and the unambiguous identification of those connections; s) In the individual network, in addition to the direct attenuation test, a test to assess the return path is also carried out, at the test frequency of 65 MHz, of each dwelling. Therefore, the noise generator should be connected to the least favourable TS (-F) and the field meter connected to the end of that permanent connection (without the signal splitter interspersed); t) The attenuation of the return path, by the method described above, must be recorded on the FTR. It is considered that the return path is fit when the attenuation value is below the respective limit contained in table 6.9; u) In addition to guaranteeing the connection class BCT-C-M, the attenuation and slope values obtained with the respective project values must be approved. This validation is obtained by analysing the frequency response curve at the TS, for the frequency bands of 47 MHz to 862 MHz and 950 MHz to 2 150 MHz; v) The analysis of the frequency response curve will be carried out in accordance with the following method: Taking into account the measurements of the most favourable (+F) and least favourable (-F) TS indicated in the project, an estimated operational zone is established for the distribution network for each dwelling, as illustrated in the example in figure 6.10 for the 47 MHz to 862 MHz frequency band. GLOSSARY - ITED4 169  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 6.10 - Estimated operational zone Tomada + F Socket + F Zona de Funcionamento estimada para a Operational Zone for the Distribution Network Rede de Distribuição Tomada - F Socket - F dBμV dBμV The frequency response curve which refers to the other TS of the dwelling should be within the limits set out for the operational zone, estimated for the distribution network, as illustrated in figure 6.11. GLOSSARY - ITED4 170  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 6.11 - Values measured in the TS Tomada + F Socket + F Tilt 1 dB Tilt 1 dB Tomada - F Socket - F dBμV dBμV The frequency response curve should be within the expected values. Along the curve, the variations in the level value should be less than 1 dB in the space of 1 MHz. Higher values indicate impedance maladjustment. 6.2.2 TEST METHOD - S/MATV The purpose of the test method is to obtain the signal level values necessary for the assessment of the correct operation of the S/MATV system and its fitness for the supply of the DTT service. Therefore, tests must be performed taking into account that: a) The equipment to be used is a field meter; b) The testing of the S/MATV system is carried out connecting the field meter at the point to be tested, in accordance with table 6.5; Note: When the sockets of a dwelling are being tested, if the fitness of the individual network has already been guaranteed, it is permitted that the S/MATV tests be carried out only at the least favourable (-F) socket and at the most favourable (+F) socket of that dwelling. c) The field meter should be configured in accordance with the type of reception system installed, terrestrial DTT or DTT via satellite; d) The signal level measurements and the MER of the DTT signals are recorded; Note: When measurements are carried out in coaxial sockets, with multiple connection points, particular attention should be given to the correct choice of connection point at which the measurement is carried out, according to the signal frequency to be measured. e) The signal level and MER values for each tested point must be included in the FTR, and the unambiguous identification of those points. The frequency or channel (only for terrestrial DTT) at which the signal level and MER were measured must be indicated; f) The correct operation of the S/MATV system and its fitness for the supply of the DTT service shall be considered guaranteed when the signal level and MER are within the limits indicated in table 6.12. PARAMETER SIGNAL LEVEL (dBµV) MER (dB) SYSTEM INSTALLED MODULATION Limits Limit Recommended Recommended Lower-Upper Lower Terrestrial DTT 64 QAM 55 45 - 74 26 19.5 (Digital Zone A - DVB-T) DTT via satellite 8 PSK 55 47 - 77 17 14 GLOSSARY - ITED4 171  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY (Digital Zone B-satellite-DVB- S2) The above values result from Standard EN 60728-1 for FEC values and the types of modulation considered in the DTT platform in Portugal. For other systems the respective standard should be consulted. 6.12 - Signal level and MER limit values 6.2.3 CORRECTIVE MEASURES - CC 6.2.3.1 COLLECTIVE AND INDIVIDUAL NETWORK If there are values outside the limits for the permanent connections tested in the collective network or individual network, the installer must check the following aspects, carrying out the necessary corrections:  Coaxial cable interrupted or damaged;  Loose / defective connector;  Very high attenuation;  Coaxial sockets not suitable for operation at the intended frequency band or with very high attenuation. 6.2.3.2 S/MATV SYSTEM If the values for the S/MATV system are not within the expected parameters, the installer should begin by conducting tests to the parameters mentioned in table 6.13, upstream of the headend to assess existing local coverage conditions. VALUES MEASURED AT THE HE INPUT System Modulation Limit values Signal level (dBµV) 31.6 DTT 64 QAM SNR (dB) 20 (Digital Zone A - DVB-T) CBER 2 x 10-4 Signal level (dBµV) 44 DTT SNR (dB) 13.9 (Digital Zone B - satellite-DVB- 8 PSK S2) CBER 2 x 10-4 PER 1 x 10-7 Remarks: The values mentioned result from Standard EN 60728-1, considering a cable length between the aerial and the HE of 10 metres. 6.13 - Values measured at the input of the HE GLOSSARY - ITED4 172  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY If the values measured fall outside the limits set out in table 6.13, the installer should verify the following aspects, carrying out the necessary corrections:  Cable connections to the respective aerials;  Surge arresters and RF filters;  Alteration of the orientation of the aerials;  Alteration of the place of installation of the aerials;  Replacement of the type of aerial for a more appropriate one;  For SMATV networks, verification of operation and technical characteristics of the LNB, in particular the noise figure. If the values measured at the input of the HE fall within the expected limits, other aspects should be verified, such as:  Existence of an element of the coaxial network that does not have the specified impedance of 75 Ω;  Existence of a short-circuit in the coaxial network;  Existence of a defective or damaged cable or element in the coaxial network;  Existence of a failure in any of the active network equipment (e.g. amplifiers);  Active network equipment with gains which are not properly adjusted;  Shielding problems in the devices used in the network;  Loose / defective connector;  Impedance maladjustment in the circuit (outlet not loaded at 75 Ω). 6.3 FIBRE OPTIC NETWORKS The guarantee of fitness of fibre optic networks must be obtained by tests that attest that the permanent connections of those networks are within the limits set out in Standard EN 50173, in accordance with table 6.14. PARAMETERS TO MINIMUM NETWORK CONNECTIONS TO BE TESTED BE MEASURED PERFORMANCE TO BE GUARANTEED DF-FO ↔ CD-FO DF-FO ↔ TS1 Collective DF-FO ↔ ITP DF-FO ↔ SCP CD-FO ↔ TS Attenuation Category OS1a CD-FO ↔ SDP Individual SDP ↔ SDP SDP ↔ TS ITP ↔ CD-FO GLOSSARY - ITED4 173  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ITP ↔ SCP SCP ↔ TS 1 - When there are TS installed in collective areas. 6.14 - Mandatory tests in fibre optic networks 6.3.1 TEST METHOD - FO The methodology of the test shown below is based on method 1B of Standard EN 61280-4-2, with the purpose of obtaining the attenuation values, necessary for the assessment of the fitness of the fibre optic network. Tests must be performed taking into account that: a) The equipment to be used is an emitter and an optical power meter or, alternatively, a cable certifier with the ability to perform measurements in fibre optic networks; b) The test equipment must have the following properties: i) Length between 2 to 5 metres, for each of the patch cords; ii) Cladding capable of preventing the effect of unwanted spread in the “Cladding mode” fibre sheaths; iii) Single-mode fibre. c) Connectors and the corresponding test equipment should be adapted to the type of fibre to be tested; d) The tests should be carried out in both directions of the connection to be considered, i.e. bidirectional mode, for the wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm; e) Before beginning the test, the connectors located at the test point should be cleaned properly; f) To obtain the reference measurement, the optical power emitter is connected to the respective meter by two test patch cords, as illustrated in figure 6.15; Chicote de teste 2 Chicote de teste 1 2m ≤ d ≤ 5m 0.00 * 1310 Emissor de Potência Ótica Medidor de Potência Ótica 6.15 - Reference measurement GLOSSARY - ITED4 174  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Chicote de teste 1 Test patch cord 1 Emissor de Potência Ótica Optical Power Emitter g) The reference measurements are recorded for wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm. h) In optical power meters capable of performing relative measurements, the record of the reference measurements is not necessary, and the equipment should be configured accordingly: In accordance with the connections to be tested in table 6.14, the optical power emitter and respective test patch cord 1 should then be connected to one of the ends of the connection to be considered. The optical power meter and corresponding test patch cord 2 should be connected to the other end, as illustrated in figure 6.16; ATI Chicote de teste 2 Chicote de teste 1 Ligação Permanente TT 0.00 * 1310 RC-FO Emissor de Medidor de Potência Ótica Potência Ótica 6.16 - Fibre optic permanent connection test Chicote de teste 1 Test patch cord 1 Emissor de Potência Ótica Optical Power Emitter Ligação Permanente Permanent Connection Medidor de Potência Ótica Optical Power Meter ATI ITC RC-FO CD-FO i) The attenuation values, at each of the wavelengths, are the result of the difference between the reference measurements and the measurements obtained in the previous paragraph. It should be taken into account that equipment capable of performing relative tests carry out this calculation automatically; j) To obtain the attenuation in the reverse direction, the emitter should be swapped with the meter and the test repeated; k) It is considered that category OS1a is guaranteed when the attenuation values are below the limit shown in table 6.17; WAVELENGTH PARAMETER LIMIT VALUE 1 310 nm Attenuation 1.8 dB GLOSSARY - ITED4 175  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 1 550 nm 6.17 - Attenuation value limits h) The test results for each permanent connection must be recorded in the FTR, and the unambiguous identification of those connections; i) Given the existence of two attenuation values (one in each direction of the fibre optic cables), it is permitted that in the FTR, only the maximum attenuation value be recorded for each of the wavelengths. 6.3.2 CORRECTIVE MEASURES - FO If the attenuation values of the connections fall outside the limits envisaged, corrective measures should be adopted. Table 6.18 shows a number of possible causes of failures in FO tests. CORRECTIVE PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSES MEASURE Cleaning of the connectors If this is not Dirty connectors possible, they should be replaced Replacement of the Faulty connectors connectors Fibres with characteristics Attenuation exceeding the limit that do not satisfy the Replacement of the requirements of the fibre optic cables minimum category Joints with losses above Execution of new joints those set out. Replacement of the Broken fibres cable or possible execution of the joint The cabling should be Radius of curvature in the Attenuation at 1 550 nm greater than the re-installed complying cabling of the connection attenuation at 1 310 nm with the minimum above the allowed limit curvature radii. Cleaning or possible Impurities and deficiencies replacement of the in the cabling cabling Higher attenuation values for the two wavelengths, in one direction in relation to the other Connectorisations made with the incorrect Execution of new alignment of the fibres or connectorisations imperfect cut. GLOSSARY - ITED4 176  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Replacement of the Broken fibres cable or possible execution of the joint Fibre connectorisations Use of the same type with different properties, in of fibre with the particular refractive properties of the fibres indices and cores with to be connected different dimensions Negative attenuation values Use of appropriate adapters when it is Mixture of different types necessary to connect of connectors different types of connectors 6.18 - Corrective measures in fibre optic cables For a faster and more effective resolution of problems in fibre optic cables, tests may be conducted using OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) equipment, which is very accurate in determining the place where the fibre optic cable is broken or has excessive attenuation. The test consists of connecting a test coil to one of the ends of the connection, as shown in figure 6.19. 6.19 - Test to determine failures in the connection Bobina de teste Test coil “Zona morta” “Dead zone” OTDR OTDR RC-FO CD-FO ATI ITC Ligação Permanente Permanent Connection TT TS Before carrying out this operation, the equipment should be configured, in particular the parameters such as the pulse width, length of the fibre to be tested and measurement time, based on the length GLOSSARY - ITED4 177  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY of the connection to be tested and in accordance with the test equipment instructions. The test coil corresponds to the “dead zone” and its length should be in accordance with the length of the connection to be tested. The test should be performed in both directions, in bidirectional mode, and the length is the result of the arithmetic average of the values of the two tests. The values of the lengths obtained should be analysed from the result of the reflectometry graph, as illustrated in figure 6.20, i.e. whether the reflections in the graph correspond to the existing connectorisations in the installation, in particular the respective distances and value of the loss. Reflexão do conetor do OTDR Zona morta da fibra Conetor local da ligação permanente Potência (dBm) Conetor remoto da ligação permanente Primeiro cursor (P1, Z1) Segundo cursor (P2, Z2) Ligação permanente em teste Distância (m) 6.20 - Result of the reflectometry test Potência (dBm) Power (dBm) Primeiro cursor First cursor Reflexão do conetor do OTDR Reflection of the OTDR connector Zona morta da fibra Dead zone of the fibre Conetor local da ligação permanente Local connector of the permanent connection Conetor remoto da ligação permanente Remote connector of the permanent connection Segundo cursor Second cursor Ligação permanente em teste Permanent connection tested Distância (m) Distance (m) 6.4 TEST AND MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT a) The equipment used must be calibrated in the functions used in the tests set out in this manual. Table 6.21 shows the minimum calibration requirements for test and measurement equipment used in ITED. GLOSSARY - ITED4 178  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY b) The test and measurement equipment must be calibrated in competent authorities. For calibration purposes, the following are deemed to be “competent authorities”: i) Laboratories accredited by IPAC (Portuguese Institute for Accreditation); ii) Laboratories accredited by one of the accreditation bodies signatory to the EA (European Accreditation Cooperation) Multilateral Agreement or ILAC (International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation); iii) LNM (National Metrology Laboratories) or Designated Institutes, whose services are covered by the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) of the CIPM (International Committee for Weights and Measures); iv) Laboratory of the manufacturer of the equipment or other laboratory indicated by the latter. c) The test equipment is subject to periodic calibration, which should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions; d) In table 6.21, the equipment deemed necessary for the performance of the tests within the framework of the ITED is shown, along with the calibration requirements for each item of equipment. Equipment similar to that detailed may exist and fulfil the same functions. NETWORK EQUIPMENT – MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS Cable certifier, with certification capability of at Calibration of the parameters of: least up to Class E connections. Return loss; Insertion loss (attenuation); Copper pair NEXT; Loop resistance (DCLR); Propagation delay Level analyser/meter, capable of taking Calibration of the signal level at measurements of signal and MER levels, for 30 dBµV, 60 dBµV and 100 dBµV for frequencies from 5 MHz to 2 150 MHz. each of the frequencies 47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz; Noise generator, capable of generating noise in frequencies from 5 MHz to 2 150 MHz. For equipment which directly measures the attenuation: calibration at 3 dB, It is recommended that in addition to the above 15 dB and 30 dB for each of the parameters, there be equipment available capable Coaxial frequencies 47 MHz, 862 MHz, 950 MHz of taking CBER, VBER, PER and SNR and 2 150 MHz; measurements. Calibration of MER, at a frequency between 47 MHz and 862 MHz and a frequency between 950 MHz and 2 150 MHz; It is not necessary to carry out the calibration of the noise generator. Cable certifier, with the capability of carrying out Calibration of the attenuation at the attenuation measurements, in single-mode optical wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm Fibre optic fibre, at the wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm. Alternatively: GLOSSARY - ITED4 179  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Optical emitter, with the capability of generating optical signals, in single-mode optical fibre, at the wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm. Calibration of the optical power at the wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm Optical power analyser/meter, with the capability of performing measurements of optical power in single-mode optical fibre, at the wavelengths of 1 310 nm and 1 550 nm. It is not necessary to carry out the It is recommended that in addition to the above calibration of the OTDR equipment, a reflectometer (OTDR) also be used in the resolution of failures. 6.21 - Test equipment GLOSSARY - ITED4 180  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 7 EARTHING AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS 7.1 DIMENSIONING OF THE EARTHING SYSTEM The earthing system has the following purposes:  Safety of individuals, avoiding electric shock points as a result of electrical faults or possible atmospheric discharges;  Equipment and building protection, by direct low impedance earthing of electrical equipment and devices, to ensure that the currents caused by faults or atmospheric discharges are rapidly dissipated and do not result in dangerous voltages;  Reduction of electrical noise;  Reduction of the effects of electromagnetic disturbance in telecommunications systems. The obligations set out in this chapter must be supplemented by the TRLVEI (Technical Regulations for Low Voltage Electrical Installations). The earthing system must comply with the following requirements: a) The earthing conduits of ITED may be installed in dedicated piping or, alternatively, may share conduits where there are no copper pair cables; b) The PEB must be comprised of 6 earthing points, as the minimum; c) In buildings with a collective network, the PEB is placed in the BTC; d) In buildings where the BTC is divided, the PEB should be placed in the Lower BTC; e) The ITC may contain an earthing bar, which must be comprised of 6 connection points, as the minimum. In buildings with only one dwelling, the existing bar in the ITC is considered to be the PEB; f) The PEB must be connected directly to the Main Earthing Terminal (MET) of the building through the earthing conductor with a minimum section of 6 mm2; g) The installation of the SA in the aerial system is mandatory and should be placed before the first electronic device. The earthing of the SA must be done directly to the aerial mast, through an earthing conductor with a minimum section of 4 mm2; h) It is mandatory for the aerial mast to be earthed in accordance with the Technical Regulations for Low Voltage Electrical Installations and must be provided for in the project. It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that this earthing is performed in accordance with the project. i) There must be continuity of earthing between all the metal elements of the piping network of the RM via interconnection with the PEB. The earthing conductors that guarantee this earthing must have a minimum section of 4 mm2; j) The masses of the equipment and coaxial devices should be earthed through earthing conductors with a minimum section of 1.5 mm2; k) Metal piping must be earthed, through an earthing conductor with a minimum section of 2.5 mm2; l) Inside boxes, cabinets and racks the connections to devices and earthing bars must be in a star-shape topography, through earthing conductors with a minimum section of 1.5 mm2; GLOSSARY - ITED4 181  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY m) In buildings with a collective network, the earthing of each ITC must be connected to the earthing of one of the rising mains, or directly to the PEB, and where the latter do not exist, through an earthing conductor with a minimum section of 2.5 mm2; n) In buildings with only 1 dwelling, the earthing of the ITC, which in this case corresponds to the PEB, must be directly connected to the MET through an earthing conductor with a minimum section of 2.5 mm2; o) The electrical circuit of BTC must be from the common service electrical panels, where they exist. 7.2 ELECTRICAL AND EARTHING SCHEMATIC Figure 7.1 shows an example of an electrical and earthing schematic. GLOSSARY - ITED4 182  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY TDT ATE superior CR DST 1G4 cabo 1G4 PAT coaxial Cobertura ATI Caixa ATI Coluna 1G2,5 1G2,5 1G4 Piso 1 ATI Caixa ATI Coluna 1G2,5 1G2,5 1G4 Piso 0 ATI ATI ATE inferior BGT 1G2,5 1G2,5 1G6 TPT Ligador amovível 7.1 - Example of an electrical and earthing schematic TDT DTT DST SA PAT TAP GLOSSARY - ITED4 183  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY ATE superior Upper BTC CR HE QSC CSP Cobertura Sheath QE EP ATI ITC Caixa Coluna Mains Box Piso 1 Floor 1 ATE inferior Lower BTC BGT PEB TPT MET Ligador amovível Moveable tie-bar TP MET ELECTRICITY AND EARTHING SCHEMATIC CAPTION 1Gx – 1 protection conductor with “x” mm2 of section. SA - Coaxial cable surge arrester. PEB - Primary Earth Busbar for the ITED. EP - Dwelling Electrical Panel CSP – Common Services Panel. - Equipotential bonding bar. - Socket with current at 230 V / 50 Hz. MET - Main Earthing Terminal GLOSSARY - ITED4 184  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 8 MICE The MICE concept provides a systematic process for describing environmental conditions based on three requirement levels:  Level 1 (Low);  Level 2 (Medium);  Level 3 (High). This concept enables designers and installers to select usable materials for different environmental demands according to the type of usage planned for a specific area. The parameters which characterise the degree of environmental harshness as described in EN 50173-1 are:  M - Mechanical Properties;  I - Properties relating to the Ingress or penetration of solid bodies or liquids;  C - Climatic properties and behaviour in response to chemical agents;  E - Electromagnetic Properties. 8.1 MECHANICAL (M) Table 8.1 defines the levels of mechanical harshness to be used in the environmental specification for cabling systems. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES M1 M2 M3 HARSHNESS LEVEL LOW MEDIUM HIGH Impact (acceleration) [m s-2] 40 100 250 Vibration (amplitude of oscillation from 2 Hz to 9 Hz) [mm] 1.5 7.0 15.0 Vibration (amplitude of acceleration from 9 Hz to 500 Hz) [m 5 20 50 s-2] 1 100 for 2 200 for Compression resistance [N over a mm (linear) min.] 45 for a=25 a=150 a=150 Shock resistance [J] 1 10 30 8.1 - Environmental characterisation for levels of mechanical harshness In the particular case of connecting elements (plugs, couplers, etc.), the specific levels of harshness (EN 50173-1) should be considered, referred to in 8.2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES M1 M2 M3 HARSHNESS LEVEL LOW MEDIUM HIGH GLOSSARY - ITED4 185  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Traction resistance (between plug and cable) [N] 25 300 500 8.2 - Environmental characterisation for levels of mech. harshness - connection elements 8.2 INGRESS OR PENETRATION (I) The levels of environmental harshness associated with the ingress or penetration of solid bodies or liquids should correspond to the values defined in table 8.3. INGRESS PROPERTIES I1 I2 I3 HARSHNESS LEVEL LOW MEDIUM HIGH Penetration/Ingress of particles (maximum diameter) 12.5 mm 50 µm 50 µm Immersion in liquids Intermittent jet: Intermittent jet: ≤ 12.5 l/min ≤ 12.5 l/min ≥ 6.3 mm jet No harshness ≥ 6.3 mm jet > 2.5 m distance > 2.5 m distance Immersion ≤ 1 m for ≤ 30 min 8.3 - Environmental characterisation for levels of harshness for the ingress of liquids The classification of protection grades in relation to external influences (IPxx), in accordance with Standard EN 60529, is referred to in table 8.4. MINIMUM DEGREE OF CLASS OF EXTERNAL INFLUENCES PROTECTION Negligible IP0X Penetration of solid bodies Small objects (<= 2.5 mm) IP3X Very small objects (< 1 mm) IP4X Light dust IP5X or IP6X Medium dust IP5X or IP6X Abundant dust IP5X or IP6X Negligible IPX0 Penetration of Drops of water IPX1 liquids Rain IPX3 Water spray IPX4 GLOSSARY - ITED4 186  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Water jets IPX5 Mass of water or strong jets of water IPX6 Temporary immersion IPX7 Prolonged immersion IPX8 8.4 - Protection grades 8.3 CLIMATIC AND CHEMICAL (C) Climatic properties and behaviour in response to chemical agents which characterise environmental harshness for cabling systems, including connection devices, are specified in table 8.5. CLIMATIC PROPERTIES C1 C2 C3 HARSHNESS LEVEL LOW MEDIUM HIGH Ambient temperature [ºC] -10 to +60 - 25 to +70 - 40 to +70 Rate of temperature change [ºC min-1] 0.1 1.0 3.0 5 to 85 5 to 95 5 to 95 Relative humidity [%] (without (with (with condensation) condensation) condensation) Solar irradiation [Wm-2] 700 1120 1120 Sodium chloride (sea salt) 0 <0.3 <0.3 Oils (concentration in dry environment) 0 < 0.005 < 0.5 >5 x 104 >5 x 104 (non-gelatinous (gelatinous Sodium stearate (soap) no aqueous aqueous solution) solution) under under Detergents 0 consideration consideration Conducting material solutions no temporary present Contamination by extraneous gaseous average/peak average/peak average/peak substances or contaminants [ppm] Hydrogen sulphide <0.003 / <0.01 <0.05 / <0.5 <10 / <50 Sulphur dioxide <0.01 / <0.03 <0.1 / <0.3 <5 / <10 Sulphur trioxide <0.01 / <0.03 <0.1 / <0.3 <5 / <15 Dry chlorine (< 50 % humidity) <0.002 / <0.01 <0.02 / <0.1 <0.2 / <1.0 Damp chlorine (>50 % humidity) <0.0005 / <0.001 <0.005 / <0.03 <0.05 / <0.3 GLOSSARY - ITED4 187  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY Hydrogen chloride -/<0.06 <0.06 / <0.3 <0.6 / <3.0 Hydrogen fluoride <0.001 / <0.005 <0.01 / <0.05 <0.1 / <1.0 Ammonia <1 / <5 <10 / <50 <50 / <250 Nitrogen oxides <0.05 / <0.1 <0.5 / <1.0 <5 / <10 Ozone <0.002 / <0.005 <0.025 / <0.05 <0.1 / <1.0 8.5 - Environmental characterisation for levels of climatic harshness 8.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC (E) Table 8.6 defines the electromagnetic properties which specify environmental harshness for cabling systems, including connection devices, in accordance with Directive 2004/108/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004. ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES E1 E2 E3 HARSHNESS LEVEL LOW MEDIUM HIGH Electromagnetic discharge through 4 4 4 contact (0.667 µC) [kV] Electrostatic discharge in the air 8 8 8 (0.132 µC) [kV] 3 (80 to 1 000) 3 (80 to 1000) 10 (80 to 1000) RF Radiation (amplitude modulation) 3 (1400 to 2000) 3 (1400 to 2000) 3 (1400 to 2000) [Vm-1 (interval [MHz])] 1 (2000 to 2700) 1 (2000 to 2700) 1 (2000 to 2700) 3 (150 kHz to 3 (150 kHz to RF Conduction [V] 10 (150 kHz to 80 MHz) 80 MHz) 80 MHz) AC (alternating current) transition 500 1000 2000 voltage difference [V] Transition voltage difference to earth 500 1000 2000 [V] Magnetic field (50 Hz) [Am-1] 1 3 30 8.6 - Environmental characterisation for levels of electromagnetic harshness 8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL CLASSES Table 8.7 describes some usage areas and the corresponding typical environmental classes for cabling systems. The environmental classes are specific to a particular place of application and there may be different classifications within the same building. GLOSSARY - ITED4 188  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY PROPERTIES water or other Electromagn. UV radiation Presence of Presence of Exposure to aggression Irradiation ENVIRON. Chemical Vibration Moisture liquids CLASS field oils PLACE OF APPLICATION TYPICAL Telecommunications room M1I1C1E1 Residential building (mild climate) M1I1C1E1 Residential building (harsh M1I1C2E1  climate/next to the sea/mountains) Chemical industry       M2I3C2E2 Manufacturing industry    M2I2C1E1 Airport     M3I3C2E3 Mine   M3I3C1E1 Electricity Station     M3I3C2E3 Steel industry     M3I3C2E3 Food industry      M3I3C2E1 8.7 - Environmental classes for cabling systems GLOSSARY - ITED4 189  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY 9 GLOSSARY (++F), 17 CIPM, 16, 175 (+F), 17, 98, 103, 105, 166, 168 REACTION TO FIRE PERFORMANCE CLASS, 10 (-F), 17, 98, 103, 105, 166, 168 CONNECTION CLASS, 10, 160, 163, 170 (--F), 17 RM, 11, 16, 62, 71, 91, 119, 122, 125, 126, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 177 RISING MAINS, 11, 91 4 PROTECTIVE/EARTHING CONDUCTOR, 11 4G, 9, 12, 16, 17 CONTINUITY, 11 SERVICE CAVITY, 11 HE, 10, 16, 43, 62, 99, 103, 104, 105, 108, 134, 139, 151, 5 169, 170 5G, 9, 87 CVM, 14, 16, 26, 27, 33, 59, 60, 75, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 114, 116, 117, 119, 122, 124, 126, 127, 145 A D ACR, 9, 14, 16, 160, 162 ACR-F, 9, 14, 16, 160, 162 DC, 16, 38, 44, 45, 95 ACR-N, 9, 16, 160, 162 DCLR, 16, 160, 176 ATE (BTC), 14, 16, 25, 33, 57, 61, 62, 63, 80, 82, 84, 87, 91, DELAY SKEW, 10, 160 92, 96, 97, 99, 104, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123, DIVERTER, 11 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 141, SURGE ARRESTER, 11 142, 145, 147, 177, 178 WIRE MAP, 11 ATI (ITC), 13, 14, 16, 25, 33, 57, 61, 65, 66, 67, 80, 82, 84, EXTERNAL DIAMETER, 11 87, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 99, 103, 106, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, DISTRIBUTION DEVICE (DD), 11 122, 123, 127, 128, 129, 139, 140, 145, 147, 165, 177, 178 TRANSITION DEVICE, 11 PROPAGATION DELAY, 10 TERMINAL DEVICE, 11 DELAY SKEW, 10 DSL, 67 VSP, 11, 16, 103, 104, 151, 177, 180 B E BGT (PEB), 10, 16, 62, 151, 177, 178, 180 BPA, 16, 137 EARTH ELECTRODE, 11 ELFEXT, 17, 160 EMC, 17, 42 C UNDERGROUND ENTRY (UE), 11 HEADEND, 10, 105 PPE, 17, 50 CABLING, 10, 15, 132 ACTIVE EQUIPMENT, 11 MULTI-OPERATOR (ACCESS) BOX (CAM), 10 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, 11 MOUNTING BOX, 10 HARMONISED TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, 12 MAINS BOX, 10 TROUGH, 10, 12 TERMINAL BOX (TB), 10 ECCENTRICITY, 12 PULL BOX (PB), 10 CABLE TROUGH, 10 F TRUNKING, 10, 82 CAM, 14, 16, 26, 27, 33, 59, 60, 75, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, FEC, 17, 168 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 114, 116, 117, 119, 122, 145, 147 LOCK, 12 MULTI-OPERATOR MANHOLE (CVM), 10 LATCH, 12 CABLE TRAY (TROUGH), 10 FM, 17, 44 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS, 10 FO, 14, 16, 17, 18, 34, 61, 64, 65, 67, 93, 109, 111, 114, 119, CATV, 15, 16, 45, 63, 65, 67, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 134, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 135, 137, 140, 141, 142, 170, 171, 139, 151, 153, 155 172 CBER, 16, 169, 176 DWELLING, 12, 74 CC, 14, 16, 18, 34, 42, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 92, 93, 94, 95, 99, FTP, 17, 36 111, 113, 114, 117, 119, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 134, 135, 137, 139, 140, 150, 156, 163, 164, 165, 169 G PATCH CORD, 10 INTERCONNECTION PATCH CORD, 10 GALLERY, 12 GLOSSARY - ITED4 190  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY GAIN, 12 INDIVIDUAL TRANSITION POINT (ITP), 13 CONSTRUCTION PRODUCT, 11, 13 PROPAGATION DELAY, 10, 160 I PSACR, 14, 18, 160, 162 IEEE, 17, 38 PSACR-F, 18, 160, 162 ILAC, 17, 175 PSACR-N, 14, 18, 160, 162 EXPOSED INSTALLATION, 12 PSELFEXT, 14, 18, 160 EARTHING SWITCH, 12 PSK, 18, 168, 169 EMBEDDED INSTALLATION, 12 PSNEXT, 14, 18, 162 RECESSED INSTALLATION, 12 PTI, 18, 67, 119, 120, 123, 160, 163, 170 TEMPORARY INSTALLATION, 12 IP, 17, 22, 38, 40 Q IPAC, 17, 175 IPxx, 17, 183 QAM, 18, 104, 168, 169 ITU-T, 12, 17, 48, 49, 50 EP, 18, 180 CSP, 18, 180 L R LEA, 17, 50, 51 PERMANENT LINK, 13 CD, 9, 18, 25, 33, 65, 67, 93, 123, 128, 134, 139, 160, 161, LNB, 17, 151, 170 163, 170 LNM, 17 CABLE NETWORKS, 14, 111, 149, 150, 153 LTE, 12, 17, 46, 104 FTR, 18, 158, 159, 161, 165, 166, 168, 172 DISTRIBUTION FRAME, 14, 15 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS, 15 M LOOP RESISTANCE, 15 MATV, 17, 19, 43, 45, 62, 65, 67, 72, 77, 98, 99, 100, 101, EARTHING RESISTANCE, 15 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 122, 125, 127, 128, 130, 134, 139, RF, 12, 18, 22, 43, 46, 104, 128, 151, 169, 185 151, 159, 163, 168, 169 DF, 14, 15, 18, 25, 33, 61, 62, 63, 64, 91, 93, 99, 119, 123, MER, 17, 163, 168, 176 128, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 150, MICE, 18, 30, 75, 91, 119, 122, 131, 136, 144, 181 160, 163, 164, 165, 170 MRA, 18, 175 GDF, 14, 18, 122, 126, 135, 136, 137 RITA, 14, 18, 60, 62, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 N RPC, 18, 22, 23, 34 NEXT, 13, 18, 149, 162, 176 RTIEBT, 19, 177 SIGNAL LEVEL, 13, 104, 168 NVP, 18, 42, 161, 162 S S/MATV, 87, 150, 151 O TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM, 15, 71 ONT, 18, 65 SC/APC, 19, 47, 50, 64, 67, 109 OTDR, 18, 174, 176 SCI, 19, 99, 100, 101, 102, 113, 115, 117 SCU, 19, 99, 101, 113, 115, 117, 151 SFTP, 19, 36 P MATV SYSTEM (Type A), 15 PATCH PANEL, 13 S/MATV SYSTEM, 15 PAT, 13, 18, 33, 75, 80, 87, 114, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123, SMATV SYSTEM (Type B), 15 125, 127, 145, 148 SLOPE, 15 CP, 14, 15, 16, 18, 24, 34, 61, 63, 65, 67, 92, 93, 94, 96, 111, SMATV, 15, 19, 108, 130, 139, 170 113, 116, 117, 119, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 133, 134, 135, SNR, 19, 169 136, 137, 139, 140, 143, 156, 160, 161, 162 STP, 19, 36 PCS, 13, 18, 68 DP, 13, 18, 25, 41, 61, 65, 70, 77, 78, 82, 93, 97, 98, 115, T 117, 147, 148, 149, 153 SDP, 13, 18, 25, 160, 163, 170 TCD, 19, 24, 41, 97, 163, 164, 165, 166 PER, 18, 169, 176 TDT, 12, 15, 19, 46, 72, 75, 104, 119, 123, 128, 151, 154, INSERTION LOSS (OR ATTENUATION), 13 155, 156, 159, 163, 168, 169 RETURN LOSS, 13 TM, 19, 156 PoE, 18, 38, 39, 40, 41 TELECOMMUNICATIONS SOCKET (TS), 15 SERVICE CONCENTRATION POINT (SCP), 13 OPTICAL OUTLET, 15 SUPPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION POINT (SDP), 13 TPT, 19, 151, 177, 178, 180 GLOSSARY - ITED4 191  NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY TR, 23 U SECTION OF PIPE, 15 TS, 16, 19, 25, 44, 67, 77, 80, 92, 93, 96, 104, 105, 106, 107, UHF, 19, 46, 72 108, 113, 114, 115, 119, 123, 128, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, UTP, 19, 36, 95, 113, 115, 117 140, 148, 153, 159, 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 170 PIPING, 132, 148 ACCESS PIPE, 15 V PIPE, 15, 82 VBER, 19, 176 CORRUGATED PIPE, 15 FLEXIBLE PIPE, 16 MALLEABLE PIPE, 16 Z RIGID PIPE, 16 RAZ, 19, 111, 112, 113, 115 TV, 19, 156, 157 RESTRICTED ACCESS ZONE (RAZ), 16 GLOSSARY - ITED4 192 Maret Ots Saatja: Karl Stern <[email protected]> Saatmisaeg: 9. jaanuar 2020. a. 11:48 Adressaat: Mart Laas; Maret Ots Teema: teatis Manused: 2019593P.DOCX Tere Saadan Portugali teatise 593 „ITEDi käsiraamat - Hoonete telekommunikatsioonitaristu - 4. väljaanne“. Ooteaeg lõpeb 28.02. Karl 1