Vastus

ICOMO S . / / .\ EUROOPA KVALITEEDIPÕHIMÕTTED EL-i rahastatud sekkumistele, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile Soovitused ja valikukriteeriumid, november 2020 Kaasrahastab EL-i Loov Euroopa programm EUROOPA KVALITEEDIPÕHIMÕTTED EL-i rahastatud sekkumistele, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile Soovitused ja valikukriteeriumid, november 2020 ICOMOS Euroopa kultuuripärandiaasta 2018 raames ja Euroopa Komisjoni tellimusel töötas rahvusvaheline mälestiste ja kultuuriväärtuslike paikade nõukogu (ICOMOS) välja „Euroopa kvaliteedipõhimõtted EL-i rahastatud sekkumistele, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile“. Keskendudes peamiselt ehitatud pärandile ja kultuurmaastikele, oli see üks kümnest juhtalgatusest, mille Euroopa Komisjon käivitas, et tagada Euroopa kultuuripärandiaasta kestev mõju. Ehkki kultuuripärandi kui ühise hüve ja vastutuse tunnustamine on kvaliteedi eeltingimus, tuleb kvaliteedieesmärkidega arvestada protsesside ja elutsükli igas etapis, alates rahastamisprogrammide väljatöötamisest kuni projekti lõpphindamiseni. ICOMOS-i väljatöötatud Euroopa kvaliteedipõhimõtted on avaldatud ja nendega saab tutvuda aadressil http://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2436/. Dokument sisaldab 40 peamist soovitust ja valikukriteeriume, et hinnata kultuuripärandit potentsiaalselt mõjutavate projektide kvaliteeti: need on siin väljaandes taasesitatud, et muuta need kättesaadavamaks ja kasutatavaks. ICOMOS loodab, et selle eraldiseisva väljaandega on EL-i institutsioonidel, liikmesriikidel ja teistel olemas kasulik tööriist, mille abil tagada ja parandada meie ühisele pärandile suunatud sekkumiste kvaliteeti. PEAMISED SOOVITUSED Põhimõtted ja standardid 1 Kõik kultuuripärandi säilitamisega seotud sidusrühmad peavad kinni pidama rahvusvahelistest kultuuripärandi hartadest ja suunistest. 2 UNESCO, Euroopa Nõukogu, ICOMOS-i, CEN-i ja teiste pädevate organisatsioonide koostatud kultuuripärandiga seotud normatiivsed tekstid ja juhenddokumendid tuleb muuta tasuta kättesaadavaks interneti ja e-väljaannete või digitaalsete vahendite kaudu. Kvaliteedipõhimõtete edendamine 3 Kultuuriväärtusi tuleb kasutada lugupidavalt, et kaitsta nende tähendusi ja väärtusi, ning viisil, et need oleksid inspiratsioon kohalikele, pärandi kogukondadele ja tulevastele põlvedele. 4 Kvaliteedi eeltingimus peab olema kultuuripärandi tunnustamine ühise hüve ja vastutusena. Kultuuripärandi säilitamist tuleb mõista kui pikaajalist investeeringut ühiskonna heaks. 5 Sekkumise kogukulu ja -tulu arvestamisel tuleb kultuuriväärtusi kaitsta ja hinnata vähemalt võrdsetel alustel rahaliste väärtustega. EL-i ja riiklikud programmid 6 Kultuuripärandi säilitamine tuleb EL-i ja riikliku tasandi Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  programmides teiste eesmärkidega võrdselt esile tõsta. 7 EL-i programmid ja kultuuripärandi rahastamine peavad põhinema usaldusväärsetel uuringutel ja analüüsidel. 8 Liikmesriigid peavad kaasama programmide ettevalmistamisse riiklikud kultuuripärandiga tegelevad (haldus)asutused alates kavandamise ja läbirääkimiste etapi algusest kuni järgnevate etappide lõpuni. 9 Edukad riikliku ja piirkondliku tasandi programmid ja projektid peavad olema kättesaadavad, et EL saaks julgustada liikmesriike häid kogemusi omavahel jagama. 10 Rahastatavate projektide valikukriteeriumid peavad olema kooskõlas EL-i rahastatavate projektide Euroopa kvaliteedipõhimõtetega, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile või reaalne mõju kultuuripärandile, ja kultuuripärandi kaitse strateegiliste poliitikatega. Riiklikud kultuuripärandiga tegelevad (haldus)asutused peavad olema need heaks kiitnud. 11 Kaaluda tuleb nii väikesemahuliste projektide rahastamist kui ka kaheastmelist otsustamisprotsessi suuremate projektide jaoks. Projektide lähteülesanded ja hankedokumendid 12 Lähteülesanded ja hankedokumendid peavad toetama konserveerivat lähenemist. See tähendab, et taotlused on vastavuses kvaliteedipõhimõtete valikukriteeriumidega, tagamaks kultuuripärandi ja sellega seotud väärtuste kaitse. 13 Lähteülesanded ja hankedokumendid peavad kindlustama, et taotlused austavad autentsust selle materiaalsetes ja Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  immateriaalsetes aspektides ning kultuurilise väärtuse säilimist. 14 Lähteülesanded ja hankedokumendid peavad kindlustama, et taotlustes esitatakse riskianalüüsi osana otsese ja kaudse sekkumise mõju kultuuripärandile koos leevendusmeetmetega. Samuti peavad need kindlustama, et ettepanekud hõlmaksid pärandi kaitse, säilitamise ja pikaajalise seire plaani ja äriplaani (eriti suurte projektide puhul) ning selgitaksid võimalikku kasu avalikkusele. Disain 15 Projektitaotlustes tuleb näidata, kuidas kultuuripärandi staatust, väärtusi ja tingimusi on kavandis arvestatud ning põhjendada kõiki kavandatud sekkumisi. Arvestada tuleb projekti ja selle kontekstiga seotud riskide, probleemide ja võimaluste väljaselgitamisega. 16 Kui on vaja lisada uusi elemente või kasutusviise, peab projekt tagama tasakaalu, kooskõla ja/või kontrollitud dialoogi kultuuripärandi ja uute elementide vahel, austades juba olemasolevaid väärtusi. 17 Uute funktsioonide kaalumisel peavad need austama ja olema kooskõlas kultuurimälestise keskkonnaga, vastama kogukonna vajadustele ja olema jätkusuutlikud. 18 Projektid ja planeeringud peavad teadvustama vajadust pideva hoolduse järele ja tugevdama kohalike kogukondade võimet oma pärandi eest hoolitseda. 19 EL-i rahastatud projektid peavad järgima EL-i väärtusi ja lepinguid. Rekonstruktsioone võib rahastada ainult Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  erandjuhtudel ja kui projekt vastab selle kvaliteedipõhimõtete dokumendi valikukriteeriumidele. Hanked 20 Toetuse saajad peavad töid hankides kasutama kahe ümbriku süsteemi, kus teostuse pakkumine on finantspakkumisest eraldi, seades esikohale esimese. Rakendamine 21 Rakendamise etapp peab juhinduma kvaliteedi- põhimõtetest. 22 Projekti rakendusplaan ja juhtimisstruktuur peavad olema selgelt määratletud ja kokku lepitud, võimaldades tegevuste korrigeerimist ja ressursside tõhusat kasutamist. Kasutada tuleb nii sobivaid materjale kui ka hoolikalt valitud, teadus- ja kogemuspõhiseid tehnikaid, mida toetavad teaduslikud ja varem tõestatud andmed. Lisada tuleb ettenägematute kulude säte (nt uuringud, materjalide katsetamine). 23 Kõigi projektiga seotud osapoolte vahel tuleb luua konkreetsed suhtluskanalid. Selleks võib määrata konserveerimistööde korraldamiseks spetsiaalse esindaja. 24 Rakendusprotsess tuleb täielikult dokumenteerida ja arhiveerida ning teha kättesaadavaks hilisemaks kasutuseks. Järelevalve ja hindamine Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles 25 Koos kultuuripärandi ekspertidega tuleb projekti lõppedes teha sõltumatu hindamine, mis hõlmab kultuuriliste, tehniliste, sotsiaalsete, majanduslike ja keskkonnamõjude ning kohalikele kogukondadele avalduva mõju uurimist. Väikeste ja väikese eelarvega projektide puhul võib kaaluda vähem koormavat hindamisviisi. Kvaliteedipõhimõtetele vastamata jätmisele peavad järgnema parandusmeetmed. 26 Järelevalvet tuleb teha regulaarselt. Jätkusuutliku majandamise ja hooldamise pikaajaline hindamine peab toimuma mõistliku ajavahemiku järel pärast projekti lõppu. 27 Selleks, et pädevad kultuuripärandi eksperdid saaksid protsessi asjakohastes etappides sõltumatult hinnata, tuleb eraldada piisav rahastus. Juhtimine 28 EL-i rahastatud pärandkultuuri algatused peavad soodustama kodanikuühiskonna ja kogukonna osalemist. 29 Toetusprogrammide reeglid peavad soodustama pärandi- projektide rahastamist ja aktsepteerima nende eripärasid. Riskihindamine ja leevendused 30 Euroopa Komisjon ja liikmesriigid peavad uurima kultuuripärandi ja seda mõjutavate projektide riske ja pakkuma välja spetsiaalselt pärandi jaoks kohandatud riskijuhtimise poliitika, sest kultuuripärandi projektide edukuse tagavad põhjalikud riskihindamised. Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  Teadusuuringud 31 Tehnilist, halduslikku ja rahalist toetust Euroopa kultuuripärandi integreeritud uurimispoliitikale ja ühisele kavandamisele tuleks suurendada, sest see aitab kontseptualiseerida kultuuripärandi Euroopa mõõdet. Uurida tuleb kultuuripärandiga seotud sekkumiste rahastamist ja selle mõju nende kvaliteedile. Sünergia loomine teiste EL-i rahastamisprogrammidega võib tuua märkimisväärset sotsiaalset ja majanduslikku kasu. 32 Tuleb tagada rahastus teadusuuringute tegemiseks makrotasandil (suundumused, mõjud) ja mikrotasandil (juhtumiuuringud ja heade tavade võrdlus), et toetada toetusprogrammide kavandamist EL-i, riiklikul ja piirkondlikul tasandil ning anda enne projektidega alustamist vajalikku taustteavet. 33 Tuleb välja töötada transdistsiplinaarsed uurimis- programmid ja edendada sotsiaalteaduste ja humanitaar- teaduste valdkondade teadmiste kasutamist osalusplaneerimisel, kultuuripärandi integreeritud haldamisel ja nutika tehnoloogia meetmete väljatöötamisel. EL-i uurimisprogrammid peavad kindlustama pärandiga seotud uurimistulemuste kättesaadavaks tegemist kultuuripärandi spetsialistidele, kasutades selleks eelkõige avatud juurdepääsuga andmebaase, näiteks ICOMOS-i avatud arhiivi (Open Archive). 34 Kultuuripärandi kaitse Euroopa uuringud peavad võimaldama asjakohaseid rahastamisvõimalusi ka Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  väikesemahuliste projektide jaoks. 35 SoPHIA, Horizon 2020 avalik platvorm, mis hindab Euroopa ajaloolise keskkonna ja kultuuripärandi objektide mõju ja sekkumiste kvaliteeti, peab tuginema kvaliteedipõhimõtete dokumendile. Haridus ja koolitus 36 Kultuuripärandi sektori haridus- ja koolituskursused, algatused ja programmid peavad vastama asjakohastele rahvusvahelistele standardeid kehtestavatele tekstidele ja valdkonna juhenditele. Õppekavasid tuleb regulaarselt ajakohastada, et need oleksid kooskõlas tehniliste arengute ja uuendustega. 37 EL-i rahastatud kultuuripärandi projektides tuleb projektide lähteülesannetes ja hankedokumentides vajaduse korral ette näha rahastus restaureerimis- ja täiendkoolituste korraldamiseks. 38 Kasulik on koostada ja regulaarselt ajakohastada kõige olulisemate Euroopa haridus- ja koolitusasutuste ning organisatsioonide ja nende kultuuripärandi sektori kursuste, algatuste ja programmide andmebaas. 39 Asutused ja algatused, mis koolitavad ja/või harivad neid, kes on seotud restaureerimisküsimustega (näiteks linna- planeerijad, insenerid, arhitektid, maastikuarhitektid, sisekujundajad, käsitöölised), peaksid lisama restaureerimise oma õppekavadesse. Kultuuripärandi mõistmine peaks olema kõigi tasandite haridusprogrammide osa. Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  Auhinnatud kvaliteet 40 Euroopa Komisjon peaks hindama võimalusi Euroopa eriauhinna väljatöötamiseks, et premeerida EL-i rahastatud kultuuripärandi sekkumiste kvaliteeti sünergias praeguste kavade ja auhindadega. Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles VALIKUKRITEERIUMID PROJEKTIDELE, MILLEL ON POTENTSIAALNE MÕJU KULTUURIPÄRANDILE Meie pidevalt arenev keskkond sisaldab palju kultuuripärandi elemente. Kuna kultuuripärand on ühine hüve, mida ei saa taastada ega asendada, tuleb neid elemente väärtustada. Tagamaks, et meie põlvkond on võimeline hoidma seda, mida oleme eelmistelt põlvkondadelt laenanud, on välja töötatud seitse kultuuripärandiga seotud sekkumise kvaliteedipõhimõtet ja valikukriteeriumit: 1 TEADMISTEPÕHISUS Alustage teadusuuringutest 2 KASU AVALIKKUSELE Pidage silmas vastutust ühiskonna ees 3 SOBIVUS Säilitage paiga vaim 4 PROPORTSIONAALSUS Tehke nii palju kui vajalik, aga nii vähe kui võimalik 5 ETTENÄGELIKKUS Tuginege oskustele ja kogemustele 6 JÄTKUSUUTLIKKUS Tagage kestlikkus 7 HEA VALITSEMINE Protsess on osa edust Hindamise abivahend koosneb võtmeküsimustest, mida otsustajad peavad endalt küsima selleks, et hinnata kavandatavate, kultuuripärandile potentsiaalset mõju avaldatavate projektide kvaliteeti, ja teha kindlaks, kas projektid väärivad EL-i või muud rahastust. Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  Projekte on erinevat tüüpi: väikese- ja suuremahulised, avalikud ja eraviisilised, suurte ja väikeste kuludega, kultuuripärandile otsese ja kaudse mõjuga. Hindamise abivahendi kvaliteedipõhimõtted on nii pärandipõhised kui ka protsessidega seotud. Need on mõeldud otsustajatele, kes vastutavad kultuuripärandi eest, aga ka neile, kes vastutavad kogu protsessi ja rahaliste vahendite eest. Abivahend võib olla kasulik ka kodanikuühiskonnale ning kohalikele ja pärandi kogukondadele. 1 TEADMISTEPÕHISUS Alustage teadusuuringutest • Kas pärand on ohus või vajab kohest konserveerimist? • Kas pärandiobjekti ja selle asukohta on enne lähteülesande ja projekti kavandi koostamist teaduslikult uuritud? • Kas kõik asjakohased kultuuripärandi elemendid ja tunnused on kindlaks tehtud? Kas nende ajalugu, praegune füüsiline seisund ja väärtused on teada ja mõistetavad? Kui ei, siis kas on kavandatud meetmeid nende täpsemaks tuvastamiseks? • Kas kultuuripärandi mõju on hinnatud? Kui jah, siis kas seda tegid sõltumatud eksperdid, kellel on teadmised kultuuripärandist? Kui sekkumisvõimalusi on mitu, siis kas neid kõiki on kultuuripärandi mõju hinnangus arvestatud? 2 KASU AVALIKKUSELE Pidage silmas vastutust tulevaste põlvkondade ees Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles • Kas projektis tunnustatakse kultuuripärandit selge sõnaga ühise hüve ja vastutusena? • Kas projekt on täielikult kooskõlas asjakohaste kultuuripärandit reguleerivate õigusaktide ja määrustega? Või kas selle heakskiitmine nõuab erandeid? • Kas projekt on vajalik ajaloolise keskkonna ja selle kultuuripärandi säilitamiseks tulevastele põlvedele? Kui projektid vastavad peamiselt hetkevajadustele, mis võivad aja jooksul muutuda ja seeläbi ka sekkumised ülearuseks muuta, kas need sekkumised on potentsiaalselt tagasi pööratavad? • Kas kõik projekti ajendid ja konkreetsed huvid on selgelt teadvustatud? • Kas tulevastel põlvedel on ka pärast kavandatavat sekkumist juurdepääs ajaloolise keskkonna ja selle kultuuripärandi täielikule rikkusele või kas mõned selle tunnused kaovad? Kui jah, siis kas see kaotus on avaliku hüvega õigustatud ja kuidas tulevased põlved seda tajuvad/hindavad? 3 SOBIVUS Säilitage paiga vaim • Kas kavandatud kasutus arvestab kultuuripärandi omadusi, arhitektuurilist kompositsiooni ja asjakohaseid elemente? • Kas projekt austab ajaloolist keskkonda ja selles leiduvat kultuuripärandit selle suuruse, proportsioonide, ruumide, omaduste ja materjalide ning (endise) kasutusviisi asjus? • Kas projekt vastab inimeste vajadustele tunnetusliku ja füüsilise ligipääsetavuse kohta? Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles • Kas projekt järgib riiklikke ja rahvusvahelisi kultuuripärandi kaitse standardeid ja põhimõtteid? • Kas kultuuripärandi/maastiku autentsus säilib? 4 PROPORTSIONAALSUS Tehke nii palju kui vajalik, aga nii vähe kui võimalik • Kas kavandatav projekt on oma lähenemisviisis ettevaatlik, eriti juhtudel, kui teadmised on ebapiisavad, tööd on pöördumatud või praegu liiga kulukad? • Kas projekt on keskendunud pigem parandamisele ja säilitamisele kui intensiivsele ümberkujundamisele (st autentsete materjalide asendamisele)? Kas projektiga pingutatakse üle ja see on liiga kulukas? • Kas autentsus säilib, eriti kui projekt sisaldab tänapäevast arhitektuurset disaini (uute) kasutusviiside lisamiseks? • Kas kultuuripärandi ja uute elementide vahel on tasakaal, kooskõla ja/või kontrollitud dialoog? 5 ETTENÄGELIKKUS Tuginege oskustele ja kogemustele • Kas projekt kasutab teadmisi kõigilt asjakohastelt teadusharudelt? Kas see on kollektiivse ja transdistsiplinaarse peegelduse tulemus? • Kas projekt näitab, et arhitekt on mõistnud kultuuripärandit, loovust tasakaalustatud lahenduste leidmiseks, materjaliteadmisi ja tähelepanu detailidele? • Kas kavandatud tehnilised sekkumised on hästi kontrollitud? • Kas tehnilised sekkumised põhinevad tänapäevastel Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  teadmistel? Kas välditakse kõrge riskiga / ebakindlaid tehnilisi lähenemisviise? • Kas projekt on sobiva eesmärgiga ja tehtud just selle kultuuripärandi objekti jaoks? • Kas projekt peegeldab riiklikke, piirkondlikke ja kohalikke traditsioone, standardeid ja eripära? • Kas väikesed ja keskmise suurusega restaureerimis- ja ehitusettevõtted sobivad projekti ellu viima? 6 JÄTKUSUUTLIKKUS Tagage kestlikkus • Millist mõju avaldab projekt keskkonnale? • Kas keskkonnamõju on sõltumatult hinnatud? Kas hindamise järeldusi on projektis arvestatud? • Kas kohalike elanike ja pärandi kogukondadega on projekti ja selle arendamise asjus konsulteeritud ning kas nad on kaasatud? Kas nende arvamusega on arvestatud? • Kas projekt arvestab tulevase hooldusega? Kas on koostatud projektijärgne hooldusstrateegia? • Kas on olemas kultuuripärandi projektijärgse haldamise pikaajaline strateegia, eriti kui välja on pakutud uus kasutuseesmärk? 7 HEA VALITSEMINE Protsess on osa edust • Kas on selge arusaam sellest, millised eksperdid ning kohalikud ja riiklikud ametiasutused tuleb protsessi erinevates etappides kaasata? Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles • Kas riskide hindamine ja maandamine, kaasates kultuuripärandi valdkonna spetsialiste, on projekti lahutamatu osa? • Kas projekti rakendamise ajal ja pärast seda toimib järelevalvesüsteem? • Kas projekt sisaldab asjakohaseid ja paindlikke sätteid ettenägematute juhtumite, ootamatute sündmuste või avastuste puhul? • Kas projekt hõlmab pärandi restaureerimise ja haldamise koolitust ning teadmiste propageerimist (levitamist/jagamist)? • Kas projekt on osa säästva arengu strateegiast? Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles EL-i rahastatavate sekkumiste Euroopa kvaliteedipõhimõtted, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile Koostanud ekspertide rühm, kuhu kuuluvad: Elena Dimitrova (ICOMOS Bulgaaria), Marie-Laure Lavenir (ICOMOS Rahvusvaheline Sekretariaat), Paul McMahon (ICOMOS Iirimaa), Baiba Murniece (ICOMOS Läti), Stefano Francesco Musso (ICOMOS Itaalia - eesistuja), Gergely Nagy (ICOMOS Ungari) Christoph Rauhut (ICOMOS Saksamaa), Grellan D. Rourke (ICOMOS juhatus), Erminia Sciacchitano (Euroopa Komisjon) ja Benedicte Selfslagh (ICOMOS Belgia). Esimest väljaannet toetasid: June Taboroff (ICOMOS ÜK) ja Maureen Thibault (ICOMOS Rahvusvaheline Sekretariaat) , ja parandatud väljaannet: Grellan Rourke ja Benedicte Selfslagh (toim.), Dominique Schneider ja Florence Babies (ICOMOS Prantsusmaa) ja Lucile Smirnov (ICOMOS Rahvusvaheline Sekretariaat) . Euroopa Komisjoni toetus selle väljaande koostamisele ei tähenda autorite seisukohti kajastava sisu kinnitamist ning Komisjon ei saa vastutada selles sisalduva teabe võimaliku kasutamise eest. Väljaandja: ICOMOS Rahvusvaheline Sekretariaat Kujundus ja küljendus: Vanessa Paris Foto, kaanefoto: Pariisi Notre-Dame’i katedraal, aprill 2019 © David Bordes I DRAG lie de France ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites 11 rue du Seminaire de Conflans 94220 Charenton-le-Pont France Tel.: 33 (0)1 41 94 17 59 secretariat[at]icomos.org www.icomos.org ISBN 978-2-918086-40-6 © ICOMOS 2020 Cherishing Heritage - European Quality Principles  ICOMOS icomos.org  The Davos Baukultur Quality System Eight criteria for a high-quality Baukultur Contents 2 The Davos Baukultur Quality System 8 Eight criteria for a high-quality Baukultur Governance Functionality Environment Economy Diversity Context Sense of place Beauty 26 Assess your place! THE DAVOS BAUKULTUR QUALITY SYSTEM The Davos Baukultur Quality System proposes nomic and technical ones. High-quality Baukultur a multidimensional approach to defining the aims to maintain, develop and create places that holistic concept of high-quality Baukultur and to are fit for purpose, sustainable, safe, comfortable assess the Baukultur quality of places. and healthy for residential use, work, leisure or infrastructure. High-quality Baukultur brings people It is a contribution to the ongoing Davos Process, together and promotes social cohesion through which began in January 2018, when the European specific and beautiful places. High-quality Baukultur Ministers of Culture adopted the Davos Declaration thus promotes overall quality of life, subjective “Towards a high-quality Baukultur for Europe”. and collective well-being and a sense of community. The Davos Declaration stresses the central role All aspects of space need high quality, which of culture for the quality of the built environment. ensures attractive, diverse and inclusive cities, vil- Baukultur encompasses all activities with spatial lages and open landscapes. impact, from craftsmanship details to large-scale urban planning and development of landscapes. The present paper builds on the Davos Declaration Place and deepens it in a scientific and political discourse. The Davos Baukultur Quality System uses the term “place” to designate the different types and scales High-quality Baukultur and the Davos of objects and situations, varying in time, scale, size Baukultur Quality System and configuration, spanning the whole spectrum of the Baukultur concept: interiors, single and mul- The term Baukultur alone does not make a really tipart buildings, urban fabric, neighbourhoods, specific statement about the required quality. a part of a village or a city, a region, infrastructures, Only high-quality Baukultur results in well-designed public places, green spaces, cultural landscapes, all places that change in line with societal needs including their relative Context. It contains all while preserving their historical characteristics. It spaces with a physical dimension – visible or hidden focuses on social needs and sustainable use of (e.g. built archaeological sites) – and created resources and adds economic value. High-quality by human activities and experiences. However, a Baukultur is more than the absence of defects. Baukultur place goes beyond the physical expres- Achieving high-quality Baukultur goes beyond ful- sion of space through built structures and in-between filling the defined technical requirements, like a spaces. It is perceived as a dynamic, relational desired programme, volume or material; it is equally socio-physical construct. A place assigns meaning important to reach a consensus about cultural and triggers emotions, influences how people values debated and defined by society. perceive, experience and value their built environ- ment. Baukultur refers to all activities with spatial High-quality Baukultur refers first to a place of any impact of all actors involved over time. scale or configuration with superior quality, second to the high quality of the processes creating A place includes existing Baukultur – taking due Baukultur and third to the excellent capabilities account of built heritage – as well as projects, and competencies of all those involved in any trans- urban and landscape planning. Examples of projects formation of the place. are large-scale planning in urban development, the design of the transformation of an existing build- The present Quality System aims to assess and ing or the planning of the construction of a new improve the quality of Baukultur and is therefore bridge. A place can find itself simultaneously in committed to a high-quality Baukultur. It is a tool various project and process states. It often con- that assists in communication and indirectly in the sists of heterogeneous component parts of various implementation of a high-quality Baukultur. chronological layers and different historic and Space serves multiple purposes: artistic, aesthetic, cultural values. cultural and social as well as environmental, eco- 3  Baukultur and built heritage Eight quality criteria Baukultur encompasses the whole building stock The Davos Baukultur Quality System proposes in its relation to society, including built heritage eight quality criteria, distilled from the Davos (immovable objects as monuments and built ar- Declaration, with related principles of high-quality chaeological sites), gardens and open landscapes Baukultur, to assess the Baukultur quality of as well as today’s building and planning for the fu- places. A place is determined by Governance, based ture. High-quality Baukultur is not identical with on participatory democracy, with good processes built heritage quality. Thus places assessed by the and management of places. Functionality addresses Davos Baukultur Quality System and judged as the level of satisfaction of human needs and being high-quality Baukultur should not be mistaken purposes. Respect for the natural Environment with for objects of an inventory or list of monuments. mitigation of climate change contributes to the Both are complementary concepts, equally impor- sustainability of a place. Economy with long life tant for the maintenance and sustainable develop- cycles and long-term viability of places is an im- ment of places, influencing each other but focusing portant component of Baukultur quality. Diversity on different aspects of built heritage. Where in- ensures vibrancy and social inclusion. The par- ventories and monument preservation in general ticular spatial Context of a place with its physical concentrate on the significance of an object or and temporal characteristics, such as the shape site for a certain time period from the past and on and design of buildings, neighbourhoods, villages its cultural-historical testimonial value, the Davos and landscapes and respect for built heritage has Baukultur Quality System and the concept of high- a great impact on the quality of a place. A specific quality Baukultur in general aim at the democratic Sense of place is created through social fabric, and inclusive connection of people in the built envi- history, memories, colours, and odours of a place ronment and take into account built heritage and producing its identity and the attachment of people its value for a high-quality space shaping the well- to it. Finally, places of high quality are authentic being of today’s society. Aiming at high-quality and respond to the human need for Beauty. Baukultur does not just mean protecting built her- itage but integrating its substance and values in These quality criteria are all equally important. They any planning and building activity makes it a valu- may be weighted differently, taking into account able part of encompassing Baukultur and preserves the specificity of each place. Nevertheless, high- it for future generations. quality Baukultur, a choral expression of multi- dimensional aspects, requires consideration and quality statements for every single criterion. They Objectivity address the different aspects of places and establish a comprehensive definition and assessment sys- A place of high-quality Baukultur is determined by tem. The various aspects of Baukultur can be clearly the values and quality requirements laid down assigned to the eight criteria. Nevertheless, the in the Davos Declaration. High-quality Baukultur individual criteria are interrelated and there are is elusive, but it is neither a subjective matter of thematic overlaps in their content. taste, nor a purely formal issue. The individual ex- perience of the quality of a place varies depending on the living situation, on prosperity or poverty, Quality assessment age and lifestyle. Yet common denominators and values of high quality can be defined and objectively The Davos Baukultur Quality System provides a assessed. Quality is a dynamic concept and de- framework for defining and assessing the Baukultur pending on the time chosen, an assessment made quality of places. It is the first approach to placing about the quality of a place may be different. The social, cultural and emotional criteria on an equal specific situation must be considered. footing to more common technical, environmen- tal and economic criteria. The set of eight funda- 4 mental quality criteria and principles is completed Scope of the Davos Baukultur with questions to be answered. High-quality Quality System Baukultur is only achieved if there is reflection on all eight criteria in relation to a place and if quality The Davos Baukultur Quality System offers a basis statements are made for all of them. to objectify high-quality Baukultur and scientifi- cally deepen its concept. It is complementary to existing processes, tools, consultative bodies, legal Target groups systems and regulations. The possible fields of ap- plication of the Quality System are wide-ranging. The main target public to apply a Baukultur quality It may be used: assessment and the Davos Baukultur Quality System are Baukultur professionals. They are experts • to disseminate and communicate high-quality from public authorities and administrations as Baukultur to the public; well as specialists in planning, design, construction, • to represent a political and social message; manual trades, reuse, conservation and resto- • as a guideline for citizens’ workshops; ration in both the public and private sectors; includ- • to provide decision-makers with arguments; ing investors, developers, owners and operators • in various consultation and discourse formats; as well as professional associations in the field of • to be integrated into a political or legal frame- Baukultur. These professionals and experts are work; directly involved in spatial action and development. • to be incorporated into existing activities and The assessment of quality shows them which plans; quality requirements are already fulfilled and, in • to provide guidance; parallel, reveals Baukultur quality shortcomings, • as a reference; which are to be improved by fulfilling the quality • as a quality criteria catalogue in competitions; requirements of the identified specific criteria. • as a quality criteria catalogue in design advisory boards; However, the Quality System may also be used by • as a quality criteria catalogue in the evaluation non-specialised target and user groups from of building and planning projects; different backgrounds. Baukultur and its quality • to self-critically evaluate one’s own projects; concerns all people and is visible, perceptible and • to document the success of planning processes experienceable every day in their living environment. in places. It can help to raise awareness; it assists people to reflect on the quality of Baukultur and provides a In all these cases, the potential of the Quality System tool to assess the Baukultur quality of a place. lies in taking into account and making transpar- ent the complete and balanced consideration of central qualitative issues of Baukultur. Dialogue and discourse Answering the questions of the Quality System can Maintaining and improving the existing qualities of improve sensibility and recognition of places a place and creating new high quality must be with a high-quality Baukultur among all societal and the priority of any activity in space and the central functional groups (experts and non-experts), aspect in any discourse on Baukultur. Continuous build up knowledge and general awareness about inclusive dialogue and professional and societal Baukultur issues and promote debate in the broad debate are important and there is a need for dis- public as well as in professional domains not yet cussion on quality criteria and what constitutes gained for cultural and quality demands. them, to achieve a common and established under- standing among people (experts and non-experts) of what distinguishes high-quality Baukultur. The Quality System contributes to this discourse. 5  For more information To know more about high-quality Baukultur, the need for an objective quality assessment, the relevant criteria and much more, please consult the document. Eight criteria for a high-quality Baukultur - the whole story To start assessing a place, please use the PDF form to fill in the table and answer the questions. Assessment form To know more about the Davos Declaration and the Davos Process, please consult the following website. Davos Declaration (PDF) Davos Declaration (website) 6 7 EIGHT CRITERIA FOR A HIGH- QUALITY BAUKULTUR  GOVERNANCE High-quality Baukultur follows good Governance. DIVERSITY High-quality Baukultur  connects people. ENVIRONMENT High-quality Baukultur protects the Environment. HIGH- QUALITY BAU- KULTUR CONTEXT High-quality Baukultur results  in spatial coherence. ECONOMY High-quality Baukultur adds economic value. FUNCTIONALITY High-quality Baukultur SENSE OF PLACE fits the purpose. High-quality Baukultur improves the Sense of place. BEAUTY A place of high-quality  Baukultur is beautiful. 9  The Baukultur quality of places is highly influenced by Governance decisions made Governance by the multiple stakeholders of a place over time. Governance not only concerns the different levels of governmental administration but equally governmental agencies, public-private partnerships (PPPs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the private sector as well as the implication of the communities. Governments, authorities and public agencies should strive to improve legislation and regulation in a Baukultur-compatible and conducive way and make the pro- tection, the development and the design of places with a high-quality Baukultur a matter of public interest and vibrant debate. Baukultur policies, e.g. architectural policies or policies on the preservation and valorisation of built heritage, at national level and by local administrations lead to spaces that are promising for high-quality Baukultur. The establishment of quality-oriented procurement procedures like design competitions and developers and owners working exclusively with interdisciplinary teams leads to a deeper understanding of the place and its multiple characteristics and thus to the implementation of high-quality Baukultur. Engagement between administration and the local community is very important to establish a high-quality Baukultur. Discursive processes can be strengthened through the Davos Baukultur Quality System, which may be used as a helpful mediation and communication tool. A genuine public participation process involves the following steps. First, real information is needed that is easily understood and accessible to all. Second, education or training in the specific issues raised by the participation process is required for the people involved. Third, there has to be real co-decision between all participants on the issues raised. This promotes the identification of communities with their space and strengthens their sense of shared responsibility and caring for their Context. Taking the criterion of Governance into consideration also means the provision of effective training and education. Professional actors in development, planning, construction and facility management need training, skills and experience. Commu- nities require access to general education in Baukultur. Information concerning Baukultur has to be easily accessible by all and mediation activities by the government, NGOs and other actors should be actively supported. High-quality Baukultur thrives in the context of transdisciplinarity. Solution-oriented discourse and negotiations between policymakers, authorities, planners and the business community are important, so is multi-level and cross-sectoral cooperation. High-quality Baukultur has to be negotiated and debated across all social groups and professional disciplines. Good Governance thus raises awareness, encourages dialogue and fosters cooperation to achieve places with a high-quality Baukultur. 10 Davos Declaration “Therefore, culture must be placed at the centre of development policies and its Article 1 contribution to the pursuit of the common good must be emphasized.” Article 15 “High-quality Baukultur must form part of the relevant legal instruments.” Principle High-quality Baukultur follows good Governance. High-quality Baukultur promotes quality-oriented and place-specific processes, led by skilled actors working in teams. It facilitates public engagement and contributes to transparent and inclusive participatory governance for decision-making, management and care for the place. Key questions Are all stakeholders familiar with the Baukultur concept and concerned with the quality of the place? Is there guidance for Baukultur and its quality through legal regulation, standards, norms and policies, by financial or procedural incentives? Is there a broad public debate on the quality of the place, for example through design competitions, reviews or other? Is the decision-making process about the place participatory, accessible to all peo- ple concerned and transparent at all stages? Do all professional actors and stakeholders involved have the necessary experience, knowledge, skills and expertise for their tasks? Do professionals work in transdisciplinary teams? 11  To be functional over the long term, high-quality Baukultur places are maintained, Functionality planned, designed and built so that they give access to basic public, commercial and cultural services, satisfying the needs of mixed people, allowing mixed uses. High-quality Baukultur places adapt as simply and successfully as possible to changing and diverse conditions, requirements and purposes (types of use), as this is one of the main factors for the longevity of a place, integrating and safeguarding built heritage. Planning must take into account and incorporate changing framework conditions, especially with regard to population development, the biodiversity crisis or climate change and the associated increase in natural hazards. If a place does not adapt to changes over time, it deteriorates and loses economic value and its Functionality. High-quality Baukultur distinguishes itself through easy access to technical installations and equipment in order to renew them with minimum effort and through flexibility regarding layout and sufficient room height to change uses in a simple way. Easy access and adaptability of use are required equally for infrastructures, open and green spaces, and landscapes, as they contribute significantly to the health and well- being of people. Open and green spaces as well as mobility and traffic areas are to be conceived in a multifunctional way and designed in diverse manners to reach complete Functionality and resilience. Existing places require careful treatment if converted or switched to a different use from the original one by preserving the main structure, minimising interventions and taking full account of the eventual built heritage (landscape, monument, structure, materials, Context, etc.). Costs must remain commensurate and the appearance aesthetically appealing, while maintaining and using the existing substance. High-quality Baukultur stands out as regards health-relevant aspects through the use of natural, non-toxic and high-quality building materials and an architectural design that provides light and air quality and quantity at the right place, to the right extent and in the right mix. Balanced temperature, light and shade contribute to a good, healthy, comfortable indoor climate and well-being for housing, work and leisure places. Exposure to noise and (ionising) radiation in buildings and their Context must therefore be kept as low as possible. Easy accessibility should be ensured by walkability and bikeability, which contribute equally to healthier mobility and lifestyles. Technical security by adequate lighting of principally public but also semi- private and private spaces as well as high visibility and permeability ensure the individual feeling of safety and security of all people and allow the diverse appro- priation of a superior variety of spaces. 12 Davos Declaration “High-quality Baukultur thus not only fulfils functional, technical and economic Article 8 requirements, but also satisfies people’s social and psychological needs.” Principle High-quality Baukultur fits the purpose. The design and construction methods of high-quality Baukultur satisfy the human needs for health, comfort, safety and accessibility. They are enduring and the results adaptable to existing and changing uses and purposes, whilst safeguarding built heritage. Key questions Does the place fit the purpose now? Is the place functional over a long period, adaptable to changing conditions, needs and uses, while at the same time preserving its eventual built heritage? Is the place healthy and comfortable for its users in terms of design, materials, light, air, noise and other? Is the place safe for its users in terms of design, materials, light and other? Is the place easily accessible for everyone? Does the place have low traffic and is it walkable and bikeable? 13  High-quality Baukultur is climate and environment-friendly, protects and preserves Environment natural resources and landscapes, contributes actively to their high-quality devel- opment and promotes biodiversity throughout the entire territory in all planning, construction and preservation processes. It shows responsible land use and adequate occupancy rates. Dense, compact settlement patterns with sufficient high-quality green and open spaces are required for housing as well as for industrial zones, with zero-emission buildings. In rural areas, spatial development should prevent urban sprawl. This ensures sustainable infrastructure works to avoid high individual mobility and commuter flows on long routes. Places of high-quality Baukultur im- plement circular economy (CE) significantly mitigating climate change by con- serving resources, promoting their efficient use and reducing greenhouse gas emissions through long-lasting use of materials and constructions. Environmental impact assessments (EIA) should be made regularly for projects, but also for existing places as well as studies about the carrying capacity of places. In places of high-quality Baukultur, the good quality building stock should be main- tained, if necessary carefully renewed, upgraded and reused extending its life cycle, renewable energy resources employed and waste management applied. Although renovated buildings emit more CO2 during operation, they cause around forty percent less grey greenhouse gases than new buildings, since these gases are produced to a large extent during construction. Reuse of building stock and existing struc- tures is to be promoted as sufficiency-oriented behaviour, taking into account the entire life cycle of buildings from construction, operation to retrofitting, conversion, demolition and recycling. High-quality Baukultur construction methods are simple, long-lasting and energy-efficient, materials and components contain minimal embodied energy and can be easily re-used; they are pollutant-free, durable, local, recyclable and recycled. Equipment is long-living, often low-tech and presents low maintenance needs. Biodiversity is to be supported through interlinked and valuable green and open spaces, sufficient unsealed areas with gardens and parks containing mainly native, site-appropriate and site-typical non-invasive species, increasing the variety of possible experiences. Cultural and natural landscapes with sustainable economic and agricultural activities promote biodiversity. Care, management and development of open landscapes, urban and peri-urban spaces, green spaces and urban agricultural areas contribute to high-quality Baukultur places and avoid the use of chemical pro- ducts and pollutants (e.g. fertilisers, pesticides) harmful to the Environment and health. Rural areas foster biodiversity by maintaining precious crop rotation soils. 14 Davos Declaration “High-quality Baukultur protects the environment.” Article 12 Principle High-quality Baukultur protects the Environment. High-quality Baukultur contributes to conserving natural resources and biodiversity, mitigating climate change and thus supporting sustai- nability. It preserves, promotes and develops an intact natural Environ- ment and diverse cultural and natural landscapes through responsible land use and settlements, sustainable mobility, energy efficiency, and use of durable construction materials and methods with regard to the whole life cycle. Key questions Does the place show responsible land use (e.g. in terms of open spaces, green spaces, appropriate density and occupancy)? Does the place promote biodiversity (genetic, species and ecosystem diversity)? Is the place maintained and sustainably developed, with preservation and integration of built heritage? Does the place feature simple and thus durable construction methods, long-living equipment and adequate maintenance needs, thus implementing the 5 Rs: refuse, reduce, repair, reuse, recycle? Is the place free of pollutants (e.g. noise, light, products), that are harmful to the Environment and people’s health? Do sufficiency as well as sound and comprehensive scientific analysis and instruments (e.g. environmental impact assessments) influence the decision-making regarding energy efficiency, carbon footprint (e.g. embodied energy) to minimise the impact on the Environment? Does the place encourage sustainable mobility? 15  High-quality Baukultur in terms of Economy is achieved through the best use, main- Economy tenance and development of resources over the long term, through a sustainable and sufficiency-based approach and in correspondence with local culture and design. Maintaining, planning and building places of high quality does not add costs, but rather creates and adds value in the long term. Durable building materials need to be used in construction and renovation. If the construction costs are kept reasonably low, this also increases the affordability of the place, prevents increasing segregation and therefore has positive social effects. Adequate maintenance costs and long life cycles create economically viable places and therefore conserve or increase economic value. The costs of Baukultur are con- sidered from planning and construction through operation and maintenance to deconstruction and recycling. The aim is to minimise the total life cycle costs in relation to its location and to operate the place in a sufficient way. However, the place has to add value to the regional Economy. Thus the economic benefit of any maintenance, planning or construction of a property for the Context is taken into account. The more contracts are awarded in the region, the greater the contribution to the regional Economy and society. The maintenance of an economic dynamic is of vital importance for the quality of a place and the establishment of a high-quality Baukultur. This economic dynamic may be very different from one place to another, depending on whether the use is housing or industrial or commercial and on whether it is located in a city or in the countryside. Constructing new places of high quality and maintaining places with valuable built heritage in a responsible way increases the attractiveness of the location and of investment: by companies in industrial and service buildings for economically interesting workplaces, by the public sector in administrative buildings and build- ings for public services and cultural activities, in housing, infrastructure and green spaces, but also by the private sector in residential buildings. Natural landscapes, heritage sites and high-quality architecture positively influence the Economy of a place by increasing the willingness to pay and therefore need to be protected and enhanced, even though their maintenance costs might be higher than a new construction. An intelligent tourism strategy that takes into account the place, its cultural characteristics and the people who live there, can improve the economic viability of rural regions, in particular with valuable cultural landscapes, and thus contribute to the long-term maintenance and enhancement of high-quality Baukultur. 16 Davos Declaration “High-quality Baukultur adds economic value.” Article 13 Principle High-quality Baukultur adds econo- mic value. High-quality Baukultur prioritises cultural values and long-term in- vestments over short-term economic gain, conserves and increases economic value, and is high value in use. It maintains and develops resources through long-term uses in alignment with the location and the design, Economy of construction and operation, and through the use of high-quality, long-lasting building fabric. Key questions Does the place enhance its long-term attractiveness as a life, working, leisure and/or tourism space by being close to diverse resources, facilities and/or public services? Do construction materials and methods have a long life cycle, thereby reducing maintenance costs, and is the value of the place therefore stable or increasing? Is the place economically viable over a long-term perspective? Has best use been made of public and private resources over a long-term perspective against short-term gain, taking into account the costs of the whole life cycle? Does the Economy of design, construction and operation add to the affordability of the place? Do ownership and/or investment models of the place contribute to vibrant and mixed-use neighbourhoods? 17  Residential, work and leisure places have to be developed and structured to allow Diversity social and economic mixity, offering diverse layouts and designs. High-quality Baukultur ensures Diversity by conceiving barrier-free and gender-equitable places – taking into account the needs of children and young people equally – to be able to contribute to social Diversity and inclusion for all. High-quality Baukultur enhances connections between people also, but not exclusively, in well-designed public spaces, allowing diverse forms of living together and at the same time reflecting one’s own attitude towards diverse forms of families, social groups and people of various origins and ethnicities ensuring human rights. Shared ownership and shared identity of a place with high economic and social resilience can be created through a shared perception of a place supported by democratic participatory co-decisional processes – in our specific case in the planning and construction domain. People are combined into spaces and linked with each other through imagination or memory, social goods and language. This mixity and proximity prevent segregation through the economic impact of whole urban areas with prohibitive rents for most of society or, at the other end of the scale, the abandonment of large quarters. Public space, squares and green areas with a high quality of stay are designed, pre- served and have to remain public to offer attractive and stimulating possibilities for easy access and frequent interaction among people of different social groups. This is an important element of social integration. Social and design Diversity in high quality thus stands as a premise for each planning or building action of high- quality Baukultur, with the aim of preventing gentrification and ghettoisation of specific groups in certain areas by maintaining or creating features of a place pre- venting it from being claimed by any one group, and indirectly, but crucially, enhancing its safety. In rural areas, traditionally and regionally shaped communities can be, to some extent, very diverse. The uses of living and working often take place in quite confined spaces, the age structure is or was often mixed; on the other hand, it should be noted that Diversity brought in from outside is met with re- duced acceptance. Rural Diversity has to be maintained specifically for community resilience in the future, and encouraged as abandonment and depopulation tend to reduce said Diversity. 18 Davos Declaration “High-quality Baukultur fosters vibrant and mixed-use neighbourhoods.” Article 11 Principle High-quality Baukultur connects people. High-quality Baukultur reflects and promotes inclusive societies and encourages mixed uses, thus facili- tating interaction and shared res- ponsibility, which lead to social and spatial cohesion. It contributes to a diverse culture of planning. Key questions Does the place ensure human rights of equality, freedom, safety and livelihood? Does the place contribute to vibrant and mixed uses (e.g. housing, working, leisure, etc.) in relation to its characteristics? Does the place promote and provide diverse attractive and comfortable private and public spaces to connect people? Does the place promote a mix of users (e.g. by gender, age, ability, origin, etc.) and diverse communities in relation to its functions? Does the place show shared responsibility for private, but above all public spaces (e.g. through participatory processes, neighbourhood associations, etc.)? Does the place prevent segregation, gentrification and ghettoisation of specific groups in certain areas? Is the place socially resilient? 19  The key to creating and maintaining places of high-quality Baukultur as regards Context Context is to take into account the surroundings and their history, adopting a deliberate and careful approach to their development. The quality of the spatial Context of a place is influenced by and depends on the specific geographic, social and economic setting. The existing state and character of any place in its historical, physical and spatial configuration is to be taken as a compelling and profitable starting point for high-quality Baukultur. Any intervention should be made under- standing and in knowledge of the existing place and its Context at the pertinent scale, having executed prior analysis and studies: from small-scale neighbourhood to large-scale cultural landscape. New buildings and settlements need to be embedded not only in the spatial Context but also in the cultural history of the respective places in a way that preserves and develops its coherence and identity. At the level of regional and supra-regional spatial development, common goals and strategies, clear and binding provisions for joint development endeavours are pre- requisites for spatial coherence, key elements are regional development strategies, promotion of cooperation, superior coordination of sectoral policies and their alignment towards a common vision. Spatial concepts with broadly formulated themes and larger geographical units can strengthen horizontal coordination, to think and act more regionally, beyond local self-interest. At local and building level when contemporary creation – whether planning, new construction or conversion – addresses the built and non-built Context, the required outcome is a respectful dialogue with regard to the existing, regional spec- ificities, built heritage and new creation. Built heritage must be enhanced or preserved, contemporary creation respects the specific features of the natural and cultural heritage, of open landscapes, sites and buildings, including their Context. In the best of cases of high-quality Baukultur, contemporary creation provides spatial coherence between existing qualities and characteristics of landscape, urban grain, typology, colour and materiality. The objective of spatial coherence does not mean lacking conviction and timidly fading into the Context: while a design based on the current proportion, scale, materiality and colour can be the best approach, setting a distinct, new emphasis at the right place with adequate means in an existing settlement pattern may reinforce and accentuate its inherent Context quality or bring out a new quality. Context as a criterion should also not be neglected if a new building or several new buildings or infrastructures are being constructed in more recent Contexts. The skilful reference of the design of objects to their Context or the unrelated juxtaposition of the same, without paying attention to the Context, can occur in every planning and building activity and in any place. 20 Davos Declaration “The design of the built environment, the relationships between objects and their Article 8 built and natural surroundings, spatial coherence, scale, materiality: these are all factors which have a direct impact on our quality of life.” Article 9 “Cultural heritage is a crucial component of high-quality Baukultur.” Principle High-quality Baukultur results in spatial coherence. Places of high-quality Baukultur refer to their built and natural Context. They embrace built heritage and contemporary creation, and dialogue with local features and their char- acteristics in terms of age, scale, typology and materiality. Key questions Was the Context of the place studied and thoroughly analysed prior to the program- ming of the intervention? Does the place dialogue – reflecting small and large-sized characteristics – with the surrounding open landscape, urban grain, colour and materiality? Are built heritage and regional specificities (e.g. unity of built heritage, existing and contemporary creation and landscape qualities) recognised and preserved, adopted and integrated in all interventions? Does contemporary creation dialogue respectfully with the features of the Context of a place and does it preserve and enhance the quality of the place? Does the Context of the place contain green spaces that are easily accessible and does it preserve and enhance the quality of the place? 21  High-quality Baukultur results in places with which people have a special connection, Sense of place places that the local people are proud of, that they take an interest in and commit to, that are also attractive to others, and therefore express a strong Sense of place. Social research and environmental psychology have shown that people who are familiar with the characteristics of a place, its specific identity and history, can relate more to the place and experience it as a special location. High-quality Baukultur improves and supports emotional attachment to a place and thus contributes to people’s well-being. People like to live and work in urban and rural places in which they feel rooted and are positive about. Social bonding, interaction and belonging create famil- iarity and connection with people and contribute to a Sense of place. This also happens, although not exclusively, in the interaction with physical space. Most people prefer places with a distinct identity as opposed to faceless settlements and land- scapes. There is a host of connections and interrelations among people (and their identities) and their built and non-built living space (and its identities). A respectful dialogue with the existing spatial Context simultaneously respects the existing place identity and strengthens the Sense of place, which is fragile and can react sensitively to excessive violent or ill-considered interventions. Sense of place can emerge or be congenially enhanced and “built up” through a smart upgrade of urban sprawl, by maintaining existing and creating new identities in the space, and through neighbourhood development with strong civic participation. Specific, non-standardised solutions strengthen design variety, thus preventing regional or local differences from becoming levelled out and giving people emotions and rea- sons to develop an attachment. Design tradition, technological innovation and social change therefore serve as equal starting points for high-quality contemporary work and reuse creating places where people are proud of their special identity and attractiveness. Sense of place can be threatened and endangered by political, social, economic and other changes as well as by planning and construction activities, which do not add layers of meaning but destroy or dilute them. Cultural heritage is fundamental to anchoring people’s understanding of history. Places – consisting of family, friends and enemies, work and leisure, nature and landscape, colours and smells – offer a number of built and non-built references contributing to individual and collective emotion and memory. High-quality Baukultur in terms of Sense of place is achieved by measures that must be especially defined for each spatial situation. It can be accomplished in a variety of ways, as long as the locally-specific human requirements are included among the central goals. High-quality Baukultur recognises and respects all aspects of multi- diverse identity to offer a specific Sense of place for everybody. 22 Davos Declaration “High-quality Baukultur improves our sense of place.” Article 10 Principle High-quality Baukultur improves the Sense of place. High-quality Baukultur shows char- acteristics that foster people’s emotional response to the place establishing a positive relationship with it. It promotes attachment to the place through its strong identity and distinctiveness, thus contribu- ting to fulfilling social, psychological and cultural needs. Key questions Is the place set apart by its local character, distinctiveness, authenticity and identity, which promotes people’s bonding to the place? Does the place foster place identity, place attachment and thus contribute to a sense of belonging? Does the place show nature and landscape qualities, enhancing nature and landscape bonding? Are local and regional values and the history of communities and individuals respected by materiality, design, construction and management of the place and transmitted to future generations? Is the use compatible with the carrying capacity of the place, maintaining or improving the quality of space as well as the integrity of human life within it? Does the place contribute to spatial and social cohesion by creating or enhancing opportunities for social interaction, reinforcing a shared vision of its identities and civic pride? 23  Beauty in Baukultur results from a highly positive aesthetic, spatial and atmospheric Beauty impact on the beholder. The beholder, whether a person or society in general, has a sensory perception of a place, expresses an opinion and judges its Beauty. Beauty must be an explicitly declared objective of any place-making, of any planning and building activity to achieve high-quality Baukultur. There are no universally valid Beauty standards or canons anymore and the values ascribed to a place and the meanings allocated may vary among individuals and over time, but this does not make Beauty arbitrary. Professionals and experts must engage in an ongoing, broad debate on what is or can be perceived and judged as “beautiful” based on rationally founded experience, going beyond the simple question of “good design”, in parallel taking into consideration discussion and empirical data on what local people like. Lively debate must take place on different levels, as Beauty in Baukultur is relevant to everyone and has to be conceived not as an exclusively expert issue and additional cost factor, but as an essential cultural value and shared perception. Specialists and non-specialists are to be invited to give a judging ascription of the characteristics and values of a place that provides them with a perceptual experience of pleasure or satisfaction, leading to feelings of attraction and emotional well-being. Besides the subjective perception of the Beauty of a place, there are objective charac- teristics determining Beauty by mechanisms and properties that seem to be preferred irrespective of culture or personal preferences. Professionals and experts are called to conduct research and establish the reasons for qualifying a place as “beautiful”. That requires empirical qualitative surveys of local views and preferences, and may include formal indicators, e.g. balance, proportion, symmetry, simplicity, complexity and variety, composition, rhythm, movement, articulation, expression, materiality, transparency, illumination. Such indicators may differ depending on the place in question and full transparency is required regarding the applied value judgements. 24 Davos Declaration “A high-quality Baukultur is therefore expressed in the application of conscious, Article 8 well-debated design to every building and landscaping activity, prioritizing cultural values over short-term economic gain.” Principle A place of high-quality Baukultur is beautiful. High-quality Baukultur takes into account the sensory perception and understanding of the relationship between objects, spaces and people, increasing people’s life satisfaction and quality of life. It emphasises the need for positive aesthetic appre- ciation and a fulfilling relationship between people and the place. Key questions Does the place have an aesthetic, spatial and atmospheric impact on the beholder? Does the place make people feel at ease? Do people perceive the place as beautiful? Is the place attributed specific aesthetic values, balanced between its formal qualities and its integration in its complex Context? Does the place’s Beauty contribute to people’s well-being and life satisfaction? 25 ASSESS YOUR PLACE! The Davos Baukultur Quality System helps assess filled in with answers to the questions for each of the quality of Baukultur of any type and scale the eight quality criteria. The answers will define of a place, both of a project and an existing place. the grade of fulfilment of the quality requirements The assessors, whether a single person or group for each criterion, to be explained in text form as of people, may need to adapt the questions according well as to be ranked on a scale. to the specificities of the place, while still consid- ering and taking into account all eight criteria for The final result of all answers to all criteria will high-quality Baukultur. The time reference of the show the level of Baukultur quality of the place. assessment is always “today”, which means that, The Quality System proposes a non-exhaustive depending on the place, either a grown condition list of possible questions, which can be adapted, with all its time layers, a just completed object or and individual, place-specific questions may be a planned intervention can be assessed. added. For a detailed objective assessment, indi- cators and their benchmarks may be defined for Before starting the assessment, it must be defined each criterion, according to the scale and the type which framework conditions apply to the assess- of place to assess. ment, which data are available, which time and knowledge expenditure is feasible or desired, A place is of high-quality Baukultur if all eight what is the object of the assessment (the assessed criteria solidly meet the quality requirements. The place). Depending on these definitions, the ques- specific situation must be considered, the assess- tions of the catalogue are to be adapted individually ment of rural and urban locations, of monofunc- and the answers to them will be more detailed, tional buildings (e.g. schools) and mixed-use more specific and longer for certain criteria with neighbourhoods may be based on different weighting comprehensive, available bases than for criteria of criteria reflecting the specificity of the place. for which only limited or partial bases are available The concluding statement in text form and ranked and answers will therefore be more general, shorter on a scale should give an overview of the specific and summarised. qualities of the place, both its high-quality Baukultur strengths and its potential for improvement, ref- The best assessment results are achieved when the erence the statements given for each criterion and Quality System is completed in an interdisciplin- make it comprehensive and plausible for third ary and participatory way. The concept of Baukultur parties. is complex and, accordingly, the criteria to be assessed in a more detailed and objective manner are usually not manageable for one person or professional group alone. The Quality System there- fore represents a useful instrument to stimulate interdisciplinary, cross-sectional dialogue involving specialists and non-specialists in administration, economy, planning and construction, cultural her- itage, etc. as well as locals in the discourse on Baukultur quality, the goals and measures to achieve it, and enabling them to participate and co-decide and co-shape space because they feel responsible for it. The questionnaire provides a low-threshold basis for addressing the issue in public workshops, etc. and may be helpful to create a dialogue be- tween professionals and locals. As a practical assessment method, the Davos Baukultur Quality System proposes a form to be 27 1. CHOOSE YOUR PLACE Define the scale and the typology of the place you wish to assess. It may be a single building, a neigh- bourhood, a landscape, 2. GATHER a city, etc. It may already exist or be in the planning DATA stage. Collect accessible and exist- ing general information and data on the place. You may research additional data (e.g. conducting surveys) for a more in-depth under- standing of the place. 3. ACCESS THE FORM Use the comprehensive form provided by the Davos Baukultur Quality System to assess the Baukultur quality of your place. 4. DISCOVER THE CRITERIA Discover the eight quality criteria of the Davos Baukultur Quality System. They are distilled from the Davos Declaration, formulate related principles of high-quality Baukultur and will structure your assessment. 28  6. STATE  OBSERVATIONS Express your general observations on how the quality requirements for each criterion are met in text form, based on your answers to the questions. Rank the level of quality for each criterion on the scale in the form. 7. DRAW  CONCLUSIONS Express your concluding statement on how the overall quality requirements for all the criteria are met based on the observations for each criterion. Rank the overall quality of the place on the scale in the form. You may also stress the specific strengths of the place and the ? potential for improvement. 5. ANSWER QUESTIONS Answer the questions on each criterion to the best of your knowledge. You may adapt them to the specifics of your place or add ques- tions. Use hard data and indicators for a more in- depth and evidence-based assessment. 29 Eight criteria for a high-quality Baukultur - the whole story Eight criteria for a high-quality Baukultur Assessment form Davos Declaration (PDF) Davos Declaration (website) © Swiss Federal Office of Culture, Berne 2021 Imprint The Davos Baukultur Quality System editorial team consisted of the following experts: Lars Amréus, Sweden Luc-Émile Bouche-Florin, France Giuliana De Francesco, Italy Uwe Koch, Germany/Europa Nostra Reiner Nagel, Germany Vit Rezac, Czech Republic Bénédicte Selfslagh, Belgium Špela Spanžel, Slovenia Alexandra Warr, United Kingdom Marie-Laure Lavenir, ICOMOS Claudia Schwalfenberg, SIA Lorenz Bräker, UIA Oliver Martin (chair), Nina Mekacher, Christina Haas and Brigitte Müller, Federal Office of Culture of Switzerland. The system has been reviewed during an interna- tional consultation from 19 October to 20 November 2020 by Baukultur-stakeholders and experts, the Davos Declaration Community and consulted broadly with professional organisations and ad- ministrations in Europe. In parallel the Davos Baukultur Quality System has been tested in real case studies of different types of places in different countries and assessed for its applicability. The feedback of the international Davos Community contributed successfully to its improvement and finalisation. Editor Swiss Federal Office of Culture Graphic design Heyday, Berne Proofreading / Translation John Knox, Langnau am Albis Print Vögeli, Langnau i.E.  KVALITEETSE RUUMI ALUSPÕHIMÕTETE ELLUVIIMINE Kvaliteetse ruumi põhialused töötati välja Rahandusministeeriumi juures 2019. aastal tegutsenud ruumiloome töörühma eestvedamisel kui üldised suunised ja hea tava kvaliteetse ruumi kujundamisel, mille peamine eesmärk on tõsta ja ühtlustada erinevate osapoolte arusaamist kvaliteetsest ruumist ja seda mõjutavatest teguritest. Aluspõhimõtete rakendamiseks tuleb need lõimida erinevatesse ruumi- loome otsustusprotsessidesse, millega tegeleb loodav maa-, regionaal- ja planeerimisvaldkonna ühendamet (MaRe). Aluspõhimõtete ellu- viimiseks koostab MaRe ühendamet täpsema rakendusplaani. Aluspõhimõtete elluviimise jooksva seire ja analüüsi eest hakkab vastuta- ma MaRe ühendamet, kes kaasab regulaarselt erialaühendusi, ülikoole ning valdkondlikke ministeeriume (sh Kultuuriministeerium, Rahandus- ministeerium, Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium, Kesk- konnaministeerium) ja vajadusel ka teisi asutusi või partnereid konkreet- sete töögruppide aruteludesse. Läbi tiheda koostöö erasektori (projekteerijad, kinnisvaraarendajad, ehitajad jt) ning ülikoolidega kavandatakse tegevusi ja tehakse ettepanekuid poliitikakujundajatele. Aluspõhimõtete elluviimiseks koostab MaRe ühendamet täpsema rakendusplaani. Ühendameti juhtimismudeli spetsii ka võib viia minis- teeriumideülese ruumiloome meeskonna loomiseni. Elluviimine on seotud strateegia Eesti 2035 ruumi ja liikuvust käsitleva reformilõuendi ning tulemusvaldkondade programmide tegevuste ja teenuste ümberkujundamisega. Tähelepanu tuleb pöörata vajadusele elukeskkonna arengukava järele. ALUSPÕHIMÕTETE ELLUVIIMISE EESMÄRGID, TEGEVUSED JA MÕÕDIKUD Eesmärkide seadmisel, tegevuste kavandamisel ja mõõdikute kujunda- misel on lähtutud ruumiloome töörühma aruteludest ja huvirühmade ettepanekutest. Aluspõhimõtete elluviimisel peetakse silmas järgmisi eesmärke 1. Aluspõhimõtete järgimine on hea tava nii avalikus kui ka erasekto- ris, misläbi muutub elukeskkond kõigile paremaks. Olemasolevat ruumi ei tohiks ühegi ruumiotsusega halvemaks muuta: ruum, mida otsusega muudetakse, on alati juba olemas huvide tasa- kaalustamisel jälgitakse, et kompromiss aitab kohandada seda ruumi pikas vaates võimalikult paljudele paremaks. 2. Erineva tasandi ruumiotsused on ruumipädevad: ruumiotsuste langetamisel kasutatakse ruumivaldkonna ekspertide abi, kes aitavad erinevate argumentide kaalumisel hinnata otsuse võima- likku ruumimõju. Kuna aluspõhimõtted laienevad ruumile laiemalt, on igal aluspõhimõttel erinev tähtsus ja kaal lähtuvalt ruumilise sekkumise tasandist (siseruum, hoone, maastik, regioon jne). Igal ruumiobjektil on oma mõjuala, mistõttu tuleb iga ruumiotsuse puhul võtta arvesse konkreetse objekti kultuurilist, sotsiaalset ja majanduslikku keskkonnakonteksti. 3. Kõikidel ruumiotsuse tasanditel alates põhimõttelisest investeeri- misotsusest ja asukohavalikust kuni detailse ruumilahenduseni järgitakse kaasamise põhimõtet. Ruumiotsuste kaalumisse kaasatakse asjassepuutuvad isikud, kelle õigusi võib ruumiotsus puudutada, ja tehakse koostööd asutustega, kelle tegevusvald- konda võib ruumiotsus mõjutada. 4. Aluspõhimõtted kajastuvad riigi strateegilistes arengudokumen- tides ning nendega arvestatakse ruumiotsustes ja planeerimis- tegevuses. 5. Õigusaktid ja standardid ja juhendmaterjalid toetavad aluspõhi- mõtete rakendumist elukeskkonna parendamisel, aluspõhi- mõtteid viiakse vajadusel sisse õigusaktidesse, standarditesse ja juhendmaterjalidesse. EESMÄRKIDE ELLUVIIMISEKS VAJALIKUD TEGEVUSED (täpsustatakse rakendusplaaniga) Tegevused keskenduvad aluspõhimõtete kasutuselevõtule kogu ruumi- loomes: kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtete järgimise kui hea tava kujundamisele, ruumipädevuse läbivale tõstmisele, aluspõhimõtete rakendamisele investeeringute ja rahastusmeetmetega seotud ruumi- otsustes ning riigivara kasutamisel, kaasamise edendamisele, samuti aluspõhimõtete sidumisele strateegiliste arengudokumentide, õigus- aktidega jm regulatsioonidega. 1. HEA TAVA KUJUNDAMINE: ALUSPÕHIMÕTTEID JUURUTATAKSE RUUMIOTSUSE TÖÖVAHENDINA . 1.1. Eeskuju näitamine avaliku sektori poolt aluspõhimõtete raken- damisega investeeringute kavandamisel (pikk vaade, kontra- tsükliline investeeringute planeerimine) ja investeeringu- otsuste tegemisel, asukohavalikute tegemisel, kinnisvaraot- suste langetamisel, hangete läbiviimisel, rahastustaotluste hindamisel, (planeeringute, projekteerimise jt tellimuste) lähteülesannete koostamisel jne. Mõõdik: aluspõhimõtete rakendumine mitmesugustes ruumiotsustes: nt läbiviidud väärtuspõhiste hangete maht ja osakaal hangetest, aluspõhi- mõtetega arvestamine rahastusotsuste tegemisel jne. 1.2. Ruumivaldkonna professionaalide teadlikkuse tõstmine. Ruumiloomega seotud asutused avalikus sektoris, erialaliidud jt valdkondlikud katusorganisatsioonid levitavad kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtteid oma suhtluskanalites ja toetavad nende rakendamist (projekteerimis- jt) teenuste osutamisel. Mõõdik: teavitustegevuste edukus aluspõhimõtete raken- dumine ruumivalkdonna teenuste osutamisel (nt projekteeri- mine, ruumiline planeerimine jne). 1.3. Elanike teadlikkuse tõstmine ja nn kogukonnavaate kujunda- mine. Avalikkuse teadlikkus aluspõhimõtete olemasolust toetab nende kasutuselevõttu, kasvatades elanike nõudlikkust kvaliteetse ruumi järele. Me tajume rohkem kui me näeme kogukonnavaate kujundamisel koostöö keskkonnapsühho- loogide jt erialade spetsialistidega. Teavitustegevused. Mõõdik: Hoiakute muutumine, aluspõhimõtete omaksvõtu ulatus kogukonna vaates. 2. RUUMIPÄDEVUSE RAKENDAMINE JA TÕSTMINE: 1) ruumispetsialistide senisest tõhusam rakendamine ruumi otsuste kaalumisel; 2) ruumiotsuste tegijate ja elluviijate teadlikkuse tõstmine. 2.1. Ruumimõju hindamise piloteerimine avaliku sektori ruumi- otsuste langetamisel. Mõõdik: piloteerimistulemused. 2.2. Koolitustegevus avaliku sektori ruumiotsuste tegijate ruumi- pädevuse tõstmiseks. Korraldatakse ruumiloome alaseid kursuseid ja koolitusi erinevatele avaliku sektori sihtrühmadele eesmärgiga suurendada teadlikkust, koostööd ja sidusust ruu- miloomevaldkonnas. Kursustel tutvustatakse ruumipoliitika erinevaid tahke (sh arhitektuuri-, maa-, maastiku-, regionaal-, kultuuri-, ehitus-, sotsiaal- ja keskkonnapoliitikat, riigi kinnis- vara strateegiat) ning laiapindse ruumiloome käsitlust. Siht- grupp on poliitikud, (kõrgemad) riigiametnikud, majandus- ja arvamusliidrid, kultuuri- ja haridustegelased, omavalitsuste esindajad, ajakirjanikud, vabasektor ning valdkonnas tegutse- vad spetsialistid. Kvaliteetset ruumiloomet väärtustav mõtte-  viis levib nende kaudu kogu ühiskonnas. Mõõdik: koolitus- tegevuse mõju strateegilisele planeerimisele kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtete rakendamise ulatus strateegilisel planeerimisel ning ruumiotsuste tegemisel. 2.3. Aluspõhimõtete rakendamise juhendmaterjalide koostamine, näidisprojektide ja juhtumiuuringute analüüs. Mõõdik: juhend- materjalide kasutuselevõtt. 2.4. Koostöö era- ja vabasektoriga, tõstmaks kinnisvaraarendajate ja -planeerijate ruumipädevust ning teadlikkust sellest, et nad loovad oma arendustegevustega elukeskkonda. Mõõdik: sektori teadlikkuse kasv teenuste arendamisel kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtete rakendamise ulatus kinnisvaraprojekti- de ja planeeringute elluviimisel. 2.5. Ruumihariduse juurutamine alates põhiharidusest õppekava- des läbivalt kogu üldharidussüsteemis. Mõõdik: juurutamise üleriigiline ulatus ja mõju, koolide ja õpetajaskonna kaasa- tulemine. 3. KAASAMINE: 3.1. Asjassepuutuvate isikute kaasamine ruumiotsuste kaalumis- se, kelle õigusi võib ruumiotsus puudutada. Mõõdik: muuda- tused ruumiotsuste menetlusprotsessides. 3.2. Koostöö tegemine asutustega, kelle tegevusvaldkonda võib ruumiotsus mõjutada. Mõõdik: muudatused ruumiotsuste menetlusprotsessides. 3.3. Erinevate kasutajagruppide vajaduste tasakaalustatud koond- pildi loomine ja sellega arvestamine ruumiotsuste kaalumisel. Mõõdik: muudatused ruumiotsuste menetlusprotsessides. 3.4. Elukeskkonnaga rahulolu uuringute süsteemne läbiviimine. Mõõdik: elukeskkonnaga rahulolu kasv. 4. ALUSPÕHIMÕTETE SIDUMINE STRATEEGILISTE ARENGUDOKUMENTIDEGA: 4.1. Aluspõhimõtete kajastamine Eesti 2035 strateegia teema- lehtedel. 4.2. Elukeskkonna arengukava koostamine ning selle rakendus- plaani koostamine ruumiloome valdkondade ja huvigruppide koostöös. 4.3. Üleriikliku planeeringu uuendamine, jt. 5. ALUSPÕHIMÕTETE SIDUMINE ASJAKOHASTE ÕIGUSAKTIDE, STANDARDITE JA JUHENDMATERJALIDEGA: 5.1. Planeerimisseadus, ehitusseadustik, liiklusseadus, riigi- hangete seadus jt. 5.2. Ruumivaldkonda puudutavate standardite ja juhendite aja- kohastamine või vajadusel uute loomise algatamine. VÕTMEROLLI MÄNGIVAD JÄRGMISED ASUTUSED JA ORGANISATSIOONID MaRe ühendamet MaRe ühendameti juhtministeeriumid: Rahandusministee- rium, Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium, Kesk- konnaministeerium, Kultuuriministeerium seavad strateegi- lised poliitikasuunad ja kehtestavad peamised rakendamis- põhimõtted ning tegevussuunad teised ruumiloomega tegelevad ministeeriumid riigiasutused, eelkõige Maanteeamet, Muinsuskaitseamet, Keskkonnaamet jt riigi osalusega äriühingud RKAS, RMK jt sihtasutused Innove, EAS, KredEx, KiK, PRIA ruumivaldkonna erialaliidud, -ühingud ja arenduskeskused Riigi Tugiteenuste Keskus: koolitustegevus ruumipädevuse tõstmisel valitsusasutuste ja omavalitsuse tasandil koolituste ja juhendmaterjalide puhul ka valdkonna ettevõtjad ja omavalitsuse üksused koolituste ja uuringute läbiviimisel ruumivaldkonna haridust pakkuvad uurimiskeskused, ülikoolid jt õppeasutused  Merike Saks Teie 07.07.2021 nr 9.2-4.3/21-27/01/5147-1 Rahandusministeerium [email protected] Meie 11.08.2021 nr 9-1/1533-2 Seisukoht „Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppe ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava“ keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise aruande sisu kohta 1. Teeme ettepaneku lisada keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise (edaspidi KSH) aruande ptk 4.2.1 Ruumi ja elukeskkonna kvaliteeti käsitleva punkti sõnastusse vajaduse kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtete elluviimise ja Davosi kvaliteedisüsteemi järgimise kohta. On tervitatav, et Eesti ruumilises arengus pööratakse järjest enam tähelepanu kahanemisega kohandamisele ja territoriaalsele tasakaalustatusele. Üldsõnalisusest ja üldistest loosungitest edasi liikumiseks tuleb ka riiklikes kavades, samuti KSHs sõnastada kvaliteedikriteeriumid, mida ruumilise arengu toetamisel ja elukeskkonna arendamisel silmas peetakse. Eesti kultuuriministergi allkirjastas Davosi deklaratsiooni 2018. a jaanuaris koos teiste Euroopa kultuuriministritega, mistõttu on hea tugineda deklaratsiooni-järgses protsessis koostatud Davosi kvaliteedikriteeriumitele, kus tuleb üheaegselt silmas pidada kaheksat aspekti. Nendeks on kõrgetasemeline haldus (governance), ruumilahenduste otstarbekus (functionality), majanduslik mõõde (economy), keskkonnamõõde (environment), kontekst (sh pärandi küsimused), mitmekesisus (diversity), kohatunnetus (sense of place) ja esteetika (beauty). Teeb murelikuks, et KSH aruande punkt 4.2.1 Mõju ruumi ja elukeskkonna kvaliteedile kõneleb väga paljust muust (4.2.1.2 Mõju ettevõtete konkurentsivõime kasvule (mh läbi tegevuse TAI mahukuse kasvu; 4.2.1.3 Mõju tööturule ja tööhõivele (sh oskuste vajadusele) ning mõju haridusele, sh taseme- ja täiendõppele), aga otseselt mõju ruumi ja elukeskkonna kvaliteedile käsitletakse põgusalt või üldse mitte. Eesti peaks kvaliteetse elukeskkonna eesmärke ellu viies rakendama parimat praktikat, mis tänaseks välja töötatud, kuid praeguses KSH aruandes käsitletakse teemat ebapiisavalt. Näiteks jääb selgusetuks, millistest kvaliteetidest käib jutt, samal ajal kui meil oleks võimalik aluseks võtta k.a maikuus publitseeritud ja rahvusvaheliselt aktsepteeritud Davosi kvaliteedisüsteem ehitatud keskkonna kohta, https://davosdeclaration2018.ch/quality-system. Ingliskeelne dokument on lisatud käesolevale kirjale. Ka 2019. a tegutsenud ministeeriumitevahelises töörühmas lepiti kokku kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtted, mille leiab nii Kultuuriministeeriumi veebilehelt (https://kul.ee/kunstid-ja- Suur-Karja 23 / 15076 Tallinn / 628 2222 / [email protected] / www.kul.ee / Registrikood 70000941 loomemajandus/arhitektuur) kui ka Rahandusministeeriumi planeerimise veebilehelt (https://planeerimine.ee/juhendid-ja-uuringud/ligipaasetavus). Nendeski on välja toodud põhiaspektid (ruumilahenduste aja- ja asjakohasus, otstarbekus, kohandatavus, säästlikkus ja tõhusus, kliimakohasus ja keskkonnasõbralikkus, ohutus ja tervislikkus, ligipääsetavus, sotsiaalne sidusus, mitmekesisus, eristatavus ja kohataju, pärandisõbralikkus, esteetika), millele kvaliteetne ruumiloome tugineb. Lisame kirjale ka kvaliteetse ruumi elluviimiskava, mida saab eesmärkide ja tegevuste osas KSH puhul orientiiriks võtta, kuivõrd nimetatud aluspõhimõtete rakendamiseks tuleb need lõimida erinevatesse ruumiloome otsustusprotsessidesse. 2. Üldise selgitusena palume peatükk 4.2.1 sõnastusse lisada: „Kvaliteetne ruum on tehis- ja looduskeskkonna tasakaalustatud ruumiline tervik, mis hõlmab välisruumi ja siseruumi. Säästva ja tervikliku elukeskkonna kavandamine ja loomine (ruumiloome) sisaldab planeerimis- ja projekteerimistegevust (sh ruumilist planeerimist, arhitektuuri, maastikuarhitektuuri), ehitustegevust ning muude ruumiotsuste (nt liikluse ja liikumisvõimaluste, teenuste, metsamajandamise jm) ruumilist haldamist, eesmärgiga muuta olemasolev elukeskkond ruumiotsustega pikas vaates võimalikult paljudele paremaks. Kvaliteetse ruumilahenduse eelduseks on hea ja läbimõeldud ruumiotsus ehk ruumi arengut mõjutav valitsemistasandi otsus. 3. Leiame, et KSH aruanne täidab kultuuripärandi osas eesmärki muuta strateegiliste otsuste kvaliteeti paremaks. KSH järeldab, et kuna kultuuripärandile keskenduvad otsesed eesmärgid puuduvad, on strateegiliste otsuste mõju pärandile pigem juhuslik või kaudne. Samas on KSH-s tehtud ettepanekuid tekitada positiivset mõju kultuuri-, täpsemalt ehituspärandile (ptk 4.2.4), mille olukord Eestis on hetkel halb. On oluline, et lisaks elujõulise majanduskeskkonna tagamisele ühiskonnas (mis avaldab pelgalt kaudset mõju pärandile), on tehtud ka konkreetsed ettepanekud otsese mõju tekitamiseks. Nõustume KSH ettepanekuga otsese positiivse mõju tekitamiseks ehituspärandile ja teeme ettepaneku ptk 4.2.4 sõnastuse täpsustamiseks järgmiselt: - lk 99 täiendada järgmiselt (kursiivkirjas): „Näiteks eesmärk 2.1.1 puhul lisada eesmärgile ehituspärandiks olevate korterelamute (kultuurimälestiste, muinsuskaitsealade ja miljööväärtuslike alade hoonestuse) renoveerimine“; - lk 100 muuta ja täiendada järgmiselt: „Luua uus eesmärk/tegevus: Maakonnakeskuste ja väikelinnade märgiliseks hooneks oleva ehituspärandi (või kitsamalt ka kultuurimälestiste, muinsuskaitsealade ja miljööväärtuslike alade hoonestuse) rekonstrueerimine. Põhjendus: kultuurimälestised, muinsuskaitsealad ja miljööväärtuslike alade hoonestus on vastavalt riikliku ja kohaliku tasandi kaitse all olev ehituspärand. See on see osa ehituspärandist, millele on õigusaktidega seatud säilitamise tingimused ning mille säilimine on seega oluline kas riiklikul või kohalikul tasandil. Kuna väikelinnades on ehitismälestisi pigem vähe, on põhjendatud laiendada ettepanekut miljööväärtuslikele hoonetele või veelgi laiemalt märgilistele hoonetele (kõigis omavalitsustes ei ole miljööväärtuslikke alasid planeeringuga kehtestatud, mis ei tähenda nagu puuduks neis linnades väärtuslik ehituspärand). 4. Täiendavalt teeme ettepaneku tuua KSH-s sisse viide Euroopa Komisjoni tellitud ja Rahvusvahelise Mälestiste ja Pärandipaikade Nõukogu (ICOMOS) koostatud juhisele „Euroopa kvaliteedipõhimõtted EL-i rahastatud sekkumistele, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile“ (2020). Tegu on soovitusliku juhendiga liikmesriikidele. See sisaldab soovitusi ja valikukriteeriume, et hinnata kultuuripärandit potentsiaalselt mõjutavate projektide kvaliteeti. Muu hulgas ütleb juhend, et liikmesriigid peavad kaasama programmide ettevalmistamisse riiklikud kultuuripärandiga tegelevad (haldus)asutused alates kavandamise ja läbirääkimiste etapi algusest kuni järgnevate etappide lõpuni, sh mõju hindamisel. Kuigi strateegilistes otsustes kultuuripärandile keskenduvad otsesed eesmärgid puuduvad, võib siiski avalduda mõju kultuuripärandile – näiteks investeeringukomponendiga meetmetes. Oleme varasemalt seoses ehituspärandiga juhtinud meetmete rakendajate tähelepanu nii võimalikele negatiivsetele mõjudele (nt lammutamise toetamine) kui ka lihtsatele võimalustele positiivse mõju suurendamiseks (nt lisapunktide andmine hindamisel, kohustusliku omafinantseeringu vähendamine). Lisame juhendi kokkuvõtte eesti keeles. Täispika versiooni inglise keeles leiab Kultuuriministeeriumi koduleheküljelt https://www.kul.ee/kultuurivaartused-ja-digitaalne- kultuuriparand/muinsuskaitse/rahastamine Lugupidamisega (allkirjastatud digitaalselt) Anneli Ott minister Lisad: 1. Davosi kvaliteedisüsteem ehitatud keskkonna kohta 2. Kvaliteetse ruumi aluspõhimõtete elluviimiskava 3. Juhis „Euroopa kvaliteedipõhimõtted EL-i rahastatud sekkumistele, millel on potentsiaalne mõju kultuuripärandile“ Maiu Merihein 628 2255 [email protected]