Kiri

KSH aruanne seisukohtade küsimisele 28.05.2021 /// Töö nr 20003670 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe Keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise ARUANNE Töö nr 20003670 Tallinn-Tartu 2021 Riin Kutsar KSH juhtekspert Raekoja plats 8 Maakri 29 Hendrikson & Ko 51004 Tartu 10145 Tallinn www.hendrikson.ee tel +372 740 9800 tel +372 617 7690 [email protected] Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Sisukord LÜHENDID ................................................................................................................. 5 SISSEJUHATUS ........................................................................................................ 6 1 ÜLEVAADE RAKENDUSKAVAST JA PARTNERLUSLEPPEST .......................... 7 2 KSH METOODIKA ................................................................................................ 11 3 VASTAVUSANALÜÜS .......................................................................................... 13 3.1 Nutikam Eesti ................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Rohelisem Eesti ............................................................................................................................... 25 3.3 Ühendatum Eesti ............................................................................................................................. 32 3.4 Sotsiaalsem Eesti ............................................................................................................................ 39 3.5 Inimestele Lähedasem Eesti ........................................................................................................... 51 3.6 Õiglase Ülemineku Fond ................................................................................................................. 56 4 VÄLISMÕJUDE ANALÜÜS .................................................................................. 67 4.1 Mõju looduskeskkonnale ................................................................................................................. 67 4.1.1 Kliimamuutustega seotud mõjud (välisõhu kvaliteet; üleujutused, tormid) ................................... 67 4.1.2 Mõju loodusressursside kasutusele (ressursi- ja maakasutus) ja jäätmetekke vähendamisele .. 71 4.1.3 Mõju elurikkusele, kaitstavatele loodusobjektidele, sh Natura 2000 võrgustikule ........................ 72 4.1.4 Mõju veekeskkonnale (põhja- ja pinnavesi; veekogumite seisundid; veeressursid, mida mõjutatakse) 74 4.2 Mõju inimesele/sotsiaalsele keskkonnale ........................................................................................ 75 4.2.1 Mõju ruumi ja elukeskkonna kvaliteedile ...................................................................................... 75 4.2.2 Mõju sotsiaalsele sidususele (sh lõimumisele) ja võrdsetele võimalustele (sh sooline võrdõiguslikkus) 90 4.2.3 Mõju inimese tervisele, tervisekäitumisele ................................................................................... 94 4.2.4 Mõju kultuuripärandile................................................................................................................... 97 5 ETTEPANEKUD RAKENDUSKAVA JA PARTNERLUSLEPPE TÄIENDAMISEKS, SOODSATE MÕJUDE VÕIMENDAMISEKS NING EBASOODSATE MÕJUDE LEEVENDAMISEKS............................................................................................... 103 6 ÜLEVAADE KSH KORRALDUSEST JA AVALIKKUSE KAASAMISEST ......... 104 6.1 Ülevaade KSH protsessist ............................................................................................................. 104 6.2 KSH protsessi osapooled, kaasamine ........................................................................................... 105 6.3 KSH aruande sisu osas laekunud tagasiside ................................................................................ 108 6.4 Ülevaade raskustest, mis ilmnesid KSH aruande koostamisel ..................................................... 108 7 KOKKUVÕTE ...................................................................................................... 109 LISAD ..................................................................................................................... 111 Lisa 1. KSH programm koos lisadega (lisatud eraldi failikataloogina) ................................................ 111 Lisa 2. Laekunud seisukohad (lisatakse eraldi failikataloogina) .......................................................... 111 3 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne LÜHENDID CLLD Kogukonna juhitud kohalik areng (Community-led local development) EL Euroopa Liit ERF Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fond ESF Euroopa Sotsiaalfond KeHJS keskkonnamõju hindamise ja keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemi seadus KSH keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine MH mõjuhindamine SPD strateegiline planeerimisdokument TA teadus- ja arendustegevus TAI teadus- ja arendustegevus ning innovatsiooni TEN-T turvaline ja mitmeliigiline üleeuroopaline transpordivõrk VKE väike- ja keskmise suurusega ettevõtted ÜF Ühtekuuluvusfond OÜF Õiglase ülemineku fond 5 6 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SISSEJUHATUS Käesolev keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine (edaspidi KSH) koostatakse strateegilisele planeerimisdokumendile (edaspidi SPD), milleks on perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu (edaspidi EL) ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe. Perioodi 2021–2027 EL vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppe ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava koostamise on algatanud Rahandusministeerium lähtuvalt 8. juuni 2017. aasta Vabariigi Valitsuse otsusest1. Perioodi 2021–2027 EL vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppe ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava koostamise vastutavaks ministeeriumiks on Rahandusministeerium. Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu direktiiv 2001/42/EÜ „Teatavate kavade ja programmide keskkonnamõjude hindamine“ ning siseriiklik keskkonnamõju hindamise ja keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemi seadus (edaspidi KeHJS) sätestavad kohustuse strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi koostamisega samaaegselt korraldada ka keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine. EL ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide 2021–2027 KSH algatas rahandusminister 2020. aasta 6. jaanuaril käskkirjaga nr 1.1-4/1. a (vt Lisa 1). KSH ruumiline ulatus on lähtuvalt SPD eesmärgist vähemalt Eesti Vabariigi territoorium. KSH koostamisel lähtutakse arengukava üldistusastmest. 1 https://adr.rik.ee/ram/dokument/6953510 www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 1 ÜLEVAADE RAKENDUSKAVAST JA PARTNERLUSLEPPEST Strateegiline planeerimisdokument koosneb kahest dokumendist: EL vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppest ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika vahendite rakenduskavast ning nendes on neli ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondi – Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fond (ERF), Euroopa Sotsiaalfond+ (ESF), Ühtekuuluvusfond (ÜF) ja Õiglase ülemineku fond (ÕÜF). EL vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe on EL vahendite kasutamise aluseks olev Eesti ja Euroopa Komisjoni vahel sõlmitav kokkulepe, mille eesmärk on määratleda üldised suunad ja prioriteedid Euroopa Liidu eelarve vahendite kasutamiseks järgmise Euroopa Liidu finantsperioodi jooksul aastatel 2021–2027. Perioodi 2021–2027 ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide (ERF, ESF, ÜF, ÕÜF) rakenduskava eesmärk on määratleda struktuurivahenditest rahastatavad tegevused ning rahastamise mahud. Õigusakti eelnõu, millele tuginedes töötatakse välja poliitikaeesmärgid on „Euroopa Parlamendi ja Nõukogu määrus, millega kehtestatakse ühissätted Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi, Euroopa Sotsiaalfondi+, Ühtekuuluvusfondi, Õiglase Ülemineku Fondi ning Euroopa Merendus-, Kalandus- ja Vesiviljelusfondi kohta ning nende ja Varjupaiga-, Rände- ja Integratsioonifondi, Sisejulgeolekufondi ning piirihalduse ja viisade rahastamisvahendi suhtes kohaldatavad finantseeskirjad.“ Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika 2021–2027 fookuses on viis üldist poliitikaeesmärki. Need on: ▪ PO1 „Nutikam Euroopa“ ▪ PO2 „Rohelisem Euroopa“ ▪ PO3 „Ühendatum Euroopa“ ▪ PO4 „Sotsiaalsem Euroopa“ ▪ PO5 „Inimestele lähedasem Euroopa“ ▪ Õiglase Ülemineku Fond (ÕÜF). Üldiste poliitikaeesmärkide alusel töötati rakenduskavas välja poliitikaeesmärgid ja nende all omakorda erieesmärgid ja kavandatavad tegevused/meetmed. Täpsemad põhjendused on leitavad rakenduskavas ja hindamise aluseks oleva tööversiooni kirjeldused on leitavad peatükis 3. 7 8 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Käesoleva KSH aruande hindamine teostati ajal, millal rakenduskava oli veel koostamisel ja sisustamisel ning poliitikaeesmärke koos eri-eesmärkide ja meetmetega alles kujundati. Hindamise alusdokumentideks ekspertrühmale oli Valitsukabineti nõupidamise memorandum (seisuga 02.03.2021) ja ÕÜF-i meetmete uuendatud ettepanek (seisuga 10.03.2021). Nendes dokumentides püsitatud eri-eesmärgid ja meetmed on kajastatud täpsemalt peatükis 3 poliitikaeesmärkide lõikes enne vastavusanalüüsi hindamistabeleid. Ühtlasi oli hindajatele kasutada rakenduskava esmane selgitustega versioon seisuga juuli 2020. Mõjuhindamise aruannet uuendatud poliitikaeesmärkide lõikes vaadatakse täiendavalt üle ja hinnatakse muudatuste valguses pärast KSH seisukohtade küsimise etappi ning enne KSH aruande avaliku väljapanekut. Tabel 1-1. Seosed riiklike ja horisontaalsete arengudokumentidega Seosed muude riiklike arengudokumentidega Arengudokumentide kirjeldus Ühtekuuluvuspoliitika vahendite planeerimise Arengustrateegia „Eesti 2035“ 2 alusena kasutatav arengustrateegia „Eesti 2035“ on riigi pikaajaline kõikehõlmav strateegia. Määrab kindlaks Eesti säästva arengu neli peamist eesmärki: kultuuriruumi elujõulisus, heaolu kasv, sidus ühiskond ning ökoloogiline tasakaal. Ülemaailmseid säästva arengu eesmärke ja Eesti riikliku säästva arengu strateegia „Säästev Eesti 21“ eesmärke viiakse ellu valdkondlike arengukavade 3 Eesti säästva arengu strateegia „Säästev Eesti 21“ ning tegevusplaanide kaudu. Ülemaailmsed säästva arengu eesmärgid integreeritakse kõikidesse valitsuse tasandi valdkondlikesse arengukavadesse. Lisaks on säästva arengu eesmärkidest lähtutud riigi pikaajalise strateegia „Eesti 2035“ koostamisel, mis seab Eestile pikaajalised strateegilised sihid ja määrab nende saavutamiseks vajalikud muutused. 2 https://www.riigikantselei.ee/et/Eesti2035 3https://www.riigikantselei.ee/sites/default/files/riigikantselei/strateegiaburoo/el_sa_strateegia_eesti_keeles.pdf www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Seosed muude riiklike arengudokumentidega Arengudokumentide kirjeldus Muudame maailma: säästva arengu tegevuskava Tegevuskava annab juhised inimeste ja planeedi aastaks 20304 kaitseks ning heaolu saavutamiseks. Strateegilise dokumendi eesmärk on otstarbeka 5 Üleriigiline planeering Eesti 2030+ ruumikasutuse saavutamine Eesti kui terviku mastaabis. Kliimamuutuste horisontaalse, see tähendab pea kõiki majanduse valdkondi hõlmava mõõtme tõttu lähtutakse arengudokumendis seatud Kliimapoliitika põhialused aastani 20506 poliitikasuundadest edaspidi riikliku kliimapoliitika kujundamisel, rahvusvahelistel läbirääkimistel ja asjakohaste riiklike strateegiliste arengudokumentide koostamisel, uuendamisel ning elluviimisel. Arengudokumendis „Kliimamuutustega kohanemise Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukava aastani arengukava aastani 2030“ esitatakse 20307 tegevusraamistik, mille alusel saab vähendada Eesti riigi haavatavust kliimamuutuste mõju suhtes. Eesti keskkonnastrateegia aastani 2030 on keskkonnavaldkonna arengustrateegia, mis on katusstrateegiaks kõikidele keskkonna valdkonna ala- Eesti keskkonnastrateegia aastani 20308 valdkondlikele arengukavadele, mis peavad juhinduma keskkonnastrateegias toodud põhimõtetest. 4 https://www.riigikantselei.ee/sites/default/files/content -editors/Failid/SA_eesti/saastva_arengu_tegevuskava_2030_uro_et.pdf 5 https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/ruumiline -planeerimine/uleriigiline-planeering 6 https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/kpp_2050.pdf 7 https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/kliimamuutustega_kohanemise_arengukava_a astani_2030_0.pdf 8 https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/elfinder/article_files/ks_loplil_riigikokku_pdf.pdf 9 10 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Täpsem ülevaade seotud strateegilistest planeerimisdokumentidest esitatakse SPD-s ehk rakenduskavas ning seda siinkohal ei korrata. KSH eksperdi hinnangul on arvestamine teiste strateegiliste eesmärkidega olnud asjakohane ja piisav (vastavust hinnati peatükis 3). www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 2 KSH METOODIKA KSH protsessi läbiviimisel lähtutakse KeHJS-e nõuetest ning väljakujunenud praktikast. KSH eesmärk on muuta strateegiliste otsuste ehk SPD kvaliteeti paremaks. Selleks analüüsib KSH SPD põhimõtteid ja kavandatud tegevusi ning pakub välja meetmeid soodsate keskkonnamõjude võimendamiseks ning ebasoodsate mõjude vältimiseks, ennetamiseks ja leevendamiseks. Selleks, et KSH sisend SPD-sse oleks asjakohane, arvestatakse hindamisel ja ettepanekute esitamisel SPD üldistusastet. Lisaks sisulisele hindamisele on KSH-l oluline roll erinevate osapoolte täiendaval kaasamisel ning KSH protsessi korrektsel dokumenteerimisel. KSH aruande koostamisel on metoodilises mõttes eristatavad kolm erinevat hindamise etappi: I. VASTAVUSANALÜÜS Vastavusanalüüsiga selgitati välja, kas SPD-s välja pakutud erieesmärkideja kavandatavate tegevuste saavutamiseks väljatöötatud lahendused aitavad kaasa või ei aita kaasa erinevate rahvusvaheliste, Euroopa Liidu ja Eesti siseriiklike poliitiliste oluliste keskkonnaeesmärkide saavutamisele. Lisaks hinnati vastavust sotsiaalsetele eesmärkidele lähtudes „Säästev Eesti 2021“ seatud säästva arengu eesmärkidest. Vastavalt KeHJS §-le 40 lõige 4 tuleb hinnata; 2) strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi seost muude asjakohaste strateegiliste planeerimisdokumentidega; 5) strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi jaoks olulisi rahvusvahelisi, Euroopa Liidu või riiklikke keskkonnakaitse eesmärke ja kirjeldust, kuidas neid eesmärke ja muid keskkonnakaalutlusi on strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi koostamisel arvesse võetud. SPD seosed muude strateegiliste planeerimisdokumentidega on esitatud peatükis 3. Vastavusanalüüsis kasutatud keskkonnaeesmärgid ning vastavusanalüüsi tulemused on esitatud peatükis 4. II. VÄLISMÕJUDE ANALÜÜS EHK KESKKONNAMÕJUDE PROGNOOSIMINE Välismõjude analüüsiga selgitati välja, kas rakenduskava eesmärgi ja kavandatavate tegevuste saavutamiseks väljatöötatud instrumendid avaldavad loodus- ja sotsiaalsele keskkonnale olulist ebasoodsat või soodsat mõju. 11 12 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Välismõjude analüüs on esitatud peatükis 5, kus on käsitletud SPD-de temaatikaga seotud eeldatavaid võimalikke mõjusid keskkonna valdkondade kaupa. Lähtutud on KeHJS §-s 40 ning KSH programmis nimetatud teemadest, tuues välja asjakohasemad võimalikud välismõjud, arvestades SPD üldistustaset ja sisu. Alapeatükkide alguses on esitatud ka olemasoleva olukorra kirjeldus, ulatuses, mis on asjakohane SPD-de mõjude hindamiseks. Seejuures tuleb tähele panna, et mõjusid on võimalik hinnata täpsusastmes, mis vastab SPD enda täpsusastmele – konkreetsemalt saab võimalikku mõju määratleda juhul, kui rakenduskavas nähakse ette konkreetseid tegevusi (projekte, meetmeid) kindlas asukohas. (St, teemades, mida SPD-ga ei reguleerita, ei ole käesoleva KSH käigus tõenäoliselt võimalik detailsemalt hinnata ka keskkonnamõjusid.) Mõjude hindamisel ei töötatud välja erinevaid rakenduskava mõjude hindamise alternatiive, vaid hinnati SPD koostamise käigus välja töötatavate eesmärkide ja kavandatavate tegevuste eeldatavalt kaasnevaid olulisi ebasoodsaid ja soodsaid mõjusid. Vajadusel tehti ettepanekuid ebasoodsate mõjude mõju ennetamiseks, vältimiseks, vähendamiseks või leevendamiseks. III. KESKKONNAMÕJU VÄLTIMISE, ENNETAMISE JA LEEVENDAMISE MEETMED Vastavusanalüüsis leitud mittevastavuste parandamiseks ning välismõjude analüüsis leitud olulise ebasoodsa keskkonnamõju vältimiseks ja vähendamiseks pakuti välja keskkonna ja sotsiaalse arengu leevendusmeetmeid (vt ptk 5). Leevendavate meetmete all toodi vajadusel välja, kas ja mis juhtudel on vaja keskkonnamõju edaspidi (planeeringute, projektide, tegevusloa tasandil) üksikasjalikumalt hinnata. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3 VASTAVUSANALÜÜS Vastavusanalüüsi eesmärk on välja selgitada, kas SPD-des sõnastatud poliitikaeesmärgid, nende all välja töötatud erieesmärgid, tegevused ja mõõdikud toetavad või ei toeta erinevate rahvusvaheliste, Euroopa Liidu ja Eesti siseriiklike keskkonnaeesmärkide saavutamist. EL-s on 2021. aastal oma määruses 2019/2088 sätestanud põhimõtte, et investeering on jätkusuutlik ainult siis, kui see „ei kahjusta oluliselt“ (do no significant harm, DNSH) ühtegi nimetatud määruses sätestatud keskkonna- või sotsiaalset eesmärki. Kuus keskkonnaeesmärki, mida määrus nimetab ja peaks hõlmama, on järgmised: kliimamuutuste leevendamine; kliimamuutustega kohanemine; vee ja mere elusressursside kestlik kasutamine ja kaitse; üleminek ringmajandusele; saastuse vältimine ja tõrje ning elurikkuse ja ökosüsteemide kaitse ja taastamine. Rakenduskava eesmärkide ja põhimõtete vastavusanalüüsis võrreldakse sama üldistustasemega teisi, kõnealuse valdkonna või sellega seotud asjakohaste strateegiliste arengudokumentide keskkonnaeesmärke. Vastavusanalüüsis kasutati eelkõige rahvusvahelisi ja Euroopa Liidu taseme strateegilisi dokumente ning nendes sätestatud asjakohaseid eesmärke (loetelu siinkohal pole ammendav ja leitav hinnangute juures): ▪ Euroopa roheline kokkulepe ja Eesti vastavasisulised raamkokkulepped ▪ Euroopa Liidu säästva arengu strateegia ▪ Euroopa Liidu elurikkuse strateegia aastani 2030 ▪ Euroopa Liidu Läänemere piirkonna strateegia ▪ Euroopa Liidu merestrateegia ▪ Euroopa Liidu kliima- ja energiapoliitika raamistik aastateks 2020-2030 ▪ Säästev Eesti 21 ▪ Keskkonnastrateegia aastani 2030 ▪ Kliimapoliitika aastani 2050 ▪ Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukava aastani 2030. 13 14 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Keskkonnaeesmärgid ja nende saavutamise strateegiad on mh seatud eelnevas peatükis 1 välja toodud strateegilistes planeerimisdokumentides ja nende koostamise aluseks olevates direktiivides, siseriiklikes õigusaktides või muudes raamdokumentides, mida siinkohal ei korrata. Kuna nimetatud rahvusvaheliste ja Euroopa Liidu taseme strateegiliste dokumentide keskkonnaeesmärgid suuresti kattuvad, siis töötati käesoleva KSH jaoks välja loetelu hinnatavate strateegiliste keskkonnaeesmärkidega, millest järgneva vastavusanalüüsi käigus lähtuti. EL määruses 2019/2088 nimetatud keskkonnaeesmärke hinnatakse väljatöötatud strateegiliste keskkonnaeesmärkide all. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3.1 Nutikam Eesti Tabel 3.1-1. Poliitikaeesmärgi Nutikam Eesti kavandatavad erieesmärgid, nende meetmed ja peamised rahastatavad tegevussuunad Meede Peamised tegevused 1 Poliitikaeesmärk 1: Nutikam Eesti 1.1 Nutikas spetsialiseerumine 1.1.1 Ettevõtluse ja innovatsiooni edendamine/Konkurentsivõimelise ettevõtlus- ja Ettevõtete TAI teadlikkuse kasvatamine (TAI võimalused) tarbimiskeskkonna tagamine Ettevõtete TAI võimekuse tõstmine Rakendusuuringute ja eksperimentaalarenduse programm Ettevõtte arenguprogramm (sh tootearendus toetus, tugi- ja arenduskeskuste toetus) Innovatsiooni- ja arendusosak Riik innovaatiliste teenuste tellijana 1.1.2 Majandusstruktuuri muutev TAI lähtub nutikast spetsialiseerumisest Teadmusvõrgustike ning ettevõtlus- ja teadusringkondade sidemete loomine töötajate liikumise kaudu akadeemilise, era- ja avaliku sektori vahel; Temaatiliste teadus- ja arendustegevuse programmide rakendamine akadeemilise, era- ja avaliku sektori koosloome ja koostöö edendamiseks nutika spetsialiseerumise valdkondades 1.1.3 Valdkondlik teadus-ja arendustegevus Analüüsid ja uuringud (Eesti olulistele arenguvajadustele lahendusi pakkuvad). Tööriistad avaliku sektori innovatsiooni ja arendustegevuse toetuseks (uued lahendused, eksperimendid, prototüübid). Avaliku sektori teadus- arendus ja innovatsioonialase võimekuse tõstmine. 15 16 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 1 Poliitikaeesmärk 1: Nutikam Eesti (kõik tegevused kooskõlas nutika spetsialiseerumise raamistikuga) 1.2 Teadusvõimekuse kasvatamine 1.2.1 Teaduse kõrge taseme ja mitmekesisuse kindlustamine Teadus- ja arendusasutuste ja kõrgkoolide koostöö ja strateegilise arengu toetamine Tippkeskuste mõju kasvatamine Teadustaristu avamine ühiskasutuseks Avatud teadus ja teaduse populariseerimine 1.2.2 Eesti osaluse ja nähtavuse suurendamine rahvusvahelises TAI alases koostöös Rahvusvahelistes koostöövõrgustikes aktiivsema rolli võtmise toetamine 1.2.3 TAI ühiskondliku ja majandusliku kasu suurendamine Valdkondliku teadus-ja arendustegevuse tugevdamine (RITA+) 1.2.4 Õpivõimalused ja hariduse korraldus Välismagistrantide ja -doktorantide õpirände toetamine ja Eesti kõrgkoolide tutvustamine välismaal 1.3 E-riigi arendamine 1.3.1 Paremad avalikud teenused IKT abil IKT-arenduste ja lahenduste toetamine Avalike teenuste ja riigivalitsemise digilahenduste edasiarendamine ja uute kasutuselevõtt (sh õiguskaare digitaliseerimine, rahvastikuregistri uusarendus) Avaliku sektori IKT füüsilise ja tarkvaralise taristu ja platvormide edasiarendamine ja uute kasutuselevõtt Küberriskide halduse kindlustamine Digiriigi juhtimise arendamine 1.4 VKEde konkkurentsivõime suurendamine 1.4.1 Ettevõtluse ja innovatsiooni edendamine/Konkurentsivõimelise turismikeskkonna Ettevõtete rahvusvahelistumise toetamine (sh kujundamine välisesindajate võrgustiku arendamine, ühisstendidel osalemise toetamine, ekspordilaste kompetentside ja võimekuse arendamine) Rahastamisvahendite pakkumine ettevõtetele (laenud, www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 1 Poliitikaeesmärk 1: Nutikam Eesti garantiid, omakapitali investeeringud) Välisinvesteeringute ja välisspetsialistide kaasamise toetamine Iduettevõtluse hoogustamine Maakondlikes arenduskeskuste toetamine (nõustamisteenuse pakkumisel) Starditoetus Ettevõtete digitaliseerimisega seotud tegevuste toetamine (sh RTE) ning juhtimiskvaliteedi tõstmine sh vastutustundliku ettevõtluskeskkonna arendamine Turismisektori elavdamine ja taaskäivitamise toetamine 1.4.2 Kultuuri valdkondadeülene arendamine, koostöö ja rahvusvahelistumine Loomemajanduse toetamine 1.4.3 Regionaalareng VKEde konkurentsivõime tugevdamine Kagu-Eestis 1.5 Kiire internet 1.5.1 Sideturu ja ühenduste areng/E-riigi ja sideturu arendamise programm Väga suure läbilaskevõimega juurdepääsuvõrgu toetamine; 5G arendamise toetamine 17 18 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Tabel 3.1-2. Poliitikaeesmärgi Nutikam Eesti kavandatu vastavus keskkonnaeesmärkidele SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Eesmärkidel 1.1 ja 1.2 on potentsiaal panustada strateegilise eesmärgi saavutamisse läbi valdkondliku TA-tegevuse arendamise ja ettevõtete teaduspotentsiaali kasvatamise. Erieesmärgid on vastavuses ELi säästva arengu strateegia eesmärgiga tugevdada osapoolte, sh eraettevõtete rolli teadustöö edendamisel, tagamaks majandusarengu ja keskkonnakaitse omavahelist tugevdamist. Vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele (sh kliimamuutuste Erieesmärgid on vastavuses: ELi Läänemere piirkonna strateegia ülesandega arendada heaolupiirkonda soodustades innovatsiooni ja teadustööd ning ettevõtlust; Säästva Eesti 21 leevendamine, kliimamuutustega kohanemine) ja puhas eesmärgiga „heaolu kasv“ ja selle alaeesmärkidega ja eesmärgiga „sidus ühiskond“ ja selle energia alaeesmärkidega; EL säästva arengu strateegia valdkondade vahelise poliitikaga, mis aitab kaasa teadmistepõhisele ühiskonnale teadusuuringute ja arendustegevus toetamisega; ELi elurikkuse strateegia aastani 2030 eesmärgiga parandada teadmisi, haridust ja oskusi; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga „Teadusuuringute rakendamine ja innovatsiooni edendamine“; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga „haridus- ja koolitusvaldkonna kaasamine“ toetades tööjõul oskuste omandamist, arengut (konkurentsivõimet tööturul), mis on vajalik, et liikuda hääbuvatest sektoritest kasvavatesse sektoritesse. Võimalik kaudne positiivne mõju läbi ettevõtete teaduspotentsiaali, tehnoloogilise võimekuse ja Säästev transport, piirkondade parema ligipääsetavuse digivõimekuse parandamise, millest tulenevalt saavad ettevõtted ja riik (koostööprogrammid) tagamine enam panustada selle eesmärgi saavutamisse. Erieesmärk- kiire internet (1.5) aitab kaasa nutikate (ja säästlike) transpordisüsteemmide rakendamisele. Säästev tarbimine ja tootmine (jäätmetekke vähendamine, Kavandatud erieesmärkidel puudub otsene mõju hinnatava keskkonnaeesmärgiga. Võimalik kaudne positiivne mõju läbi ettevõtete teaduspotentsiaali, tehnoloogilise võimekuse ja puhas ringmajandus) digivõimekuse parandamise, millest tulenevalt saavad ettevõtted ja riik (koostööprogrammid) enam panustada selle eesmärgi saavutamisse. Erieesmärgid 1.1 ja 1.4 toetavad kaudselt majandusliku heaolu kasvu läbi TAI-tegevuste olulisuse toetamise ettevõtete ärimudelites, infrastruktuuris, teenustes ja rahvusvahelistes koostööprojektides ja -võrgustikes. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamine Kavandatud erieesmärkidel puudub otsene mõju hinnatava keskkonnaeesmärgiga. Võimalik kaudne positiivne mõju läbi ettevõtete teaduspotentsiaali, tehnoloogilise võimekuse ja digivõimekuse parandamise, millest tulenevalt saavad ettevõtted ja riik (koostööprogrammid) enam panustada selle eesmärgi saavutamisse. Tervis ja elukvaliteet Mitmetel kavandatud eesmärkidel on nii otsene kui ka kaudne positiivne mõju tervisele ja elukvaliteedi tõusule terve Eesti kontekstis. Eesmärgid 1.1-1.2 toetavad innovatsiooni ettevõtluses ja teadusvõimekuse kasvu, mis eeldatavalt parandavad elukvaliteeti. Innovaatilised tehnoloogiad vähendavad eeldatavalt heiteid õhku jm häiringuid, mis kaudselt vähendab negatiivseid mõjusid tervisele. Innovaatilised tehnoloogiad võivad vähendada toorme-ja energiavajadust, mis kaudselt vähendavad keskkonnakoormust ja seeläbi hankivate harude mõju elukvaliteedile ja tervisele. Eesmärk 1.3. toetab e-riigi arendamist ja erinevate avalike teenuste ja riigivalitsemise lahendusi, millel on otsene positiivne mõju tervisele avalike teenuste (sh terviseteenuste, sotsiaalteenuste) ja andmete parema kättesaadavuse mõistes. E-riigi arendamise mõju võib olla ka kaudne: nt ehitamise/planeerimisega seotud e-teenuste arendamine, mis parandavad ruumiotsuste kvaliteeti ja toetavad seega kaudselt tervist ja elukvaliteeti. Erieesmärgid 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ja 1.4 edendavad küll laiemalt aga kaudselt samuti elanikkonna tervist ja parandavad inimeste elukvaliteeti, toetades kirjeldatud tegevustega kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga tööjõu hõivet (juhid, ettevõtjad, ettevõtluse, teadus-, arendus- ja innovatsiooniga seotud töökohad, sh nt teadlased, insenerid), samuti tööhõivet nendes ettevõtetes ja konkreetselt VKEdes, kes pürgivad välisturgudele ja soovivad enda tooteid-teenuseid eksportida. Ettevõtete toetamine TAI tegevustes tõstab nende konkurentsivõimet (sh positsiooni väärtusahelas) ja pakub omakorda elanikkonnale, kogukonnas kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohti. Kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtadel on sissetulekud kõrgemad, mis soodustab tõusu elukvaliteedis. Kõrge kvalifikatsiooniga koolitatud tööjõud hoolib enam ja on teadlikum enda tervisest, oskab sellele tähelepanu pöörata ja seostada keskkonnariskide, -probleemidega; on teadlikum 19 20 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist keskkonnaväljakutsetest ja oskab kasutada uudseid, keskkonnasäästlikumaid tehnoloogiaid, töövõtteid, tehnikaid, meetodeid jne. Kõrgemat tehnoloogiat nõudvad töökohad ja kõrgemat kvalifikatsiooni vajavad töökohad on suurema tõenäosusega tervislikumad ja säilitavad elukvaliteeti pikas perspektiivis (nt vähem müra, vähem reostust, puhtam õhk, tervislikumad ja keskkonnasäästlikumad materjalid, tehnoloogiad jmt). KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Eesmärkide 1.1 ja 1.3 all toetatakse avaliku sektori innovatsiooni, digilahendusi ja digiriigi kontseptsiooni, ent kirjeldatud ei ole selleks vajalike töötajate teadmiste-oskuste – kompetentside parendamist, nt mis haridustasemega, millise kvalifikatsiooniga tööjõudu on vaja selleks hariduse tasemeõppes koolitada. Lisaks oleks vajalik välja tuua, mis muutusi oleks vaja teha praegustes õppekavades, nt mis õppekavu tuleks lõimida, ning milliseid uusi õppekavu oleks vaja luua (tuleviku töökohtade tarvis avalikus sektoris). Digiriigi kontseptsioonis on vajalik edendada nii nt digioskusi, andmete analüüsiga seotud oskusi kui andmeteadlikkust. 2. Ühiskonnas on tendents selles suunas, et suureneb istuva tööga ja ekraani, monitori jt seadmete jälgimise, kontrollimise ning juhtimisega seotud töö osakaal, mille mõju tervisele ja elukvaliteedile on negatiivne. Järelikult on nende töövõtete ja -tehnoloogiate puhul vaja tähelepanu pöörata sellele, et kuidas oleks tagatud inimeste, töötajate normaalne liikumisaktiivsus. Samuti on neid riske ja ennetusviise vaja teadvustada ning õpetada haridussüsteemis. 3. Soodne mõju inimeste tervisele ja elukvaliteedile tekib, kui koolitada tänaseid ja tuleviku õppijaid ning tööjõudu keskkonnahariduse, säästva arengu teemadel, uute keskkonnasäästlike tehnoloogiate teemadel, sh luua uusi kaasaegseid, interdistsiplinaarseid (sh lõimida) õppekavu ja uuendada olemasolevaid õppekavu ning seda koostöös tööandjate ja teadusasutustega ning kutse- ja kõrgkoolidega. Sidus ühiskond (sotsiaalne kaasatus, regionaalne tasakaal ja Kõik seatud erieesmärgid ja valdav osa nende saavutamiseks kavandatud meetmetest ja tugev kodanikuühiskond) tegevussuundadest on ruumipimedad, st ei panusta eesmärgipäraselt Eesti regionaalse tasakaalustatuse, regioonide funktsionaalse seostatuse ja piiriülese sidususe strateegilistesse keskkonnaeesmärkidesse. Arvestades investeeringute tõenäoliste kasusaajate (TA asutuste, www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist tugevamate TA mahukate ettevõtete) paiknemist, tugevdab erieesmärkide suunas liikumine Eesti seniste kasvukeskuste (Tallinna ja Tartu) eelisarengut. Regionaalselt tasakaalustava mõjuga tegevusuundadeks on meetme 1.4.1. tegevussuund „Maakondlike arenduskeskuste toetamine (nõustamisteenuse pakkumisel)“ ning meetme 1.4.3. tegevussuund „VKEde konkurentsivõime tugevdamine Kagu-Eestis“. Poliitikaeesmärgi raames rahastatavatest tegevustest moodustavad investeeringud nendesse tegevustesse siiski tühise osa (Kagu-Eesti VKE – 10,7 miljonit, MAK-ide toetamiseks eeldatavalt veel vähem – mitte üle 2% poliitikaeesmärgi investeeringute kogumahust). Rakenduskavas on kirjeldatud e-riigi arendamise (erieesmärk 1.3.) raames võimalust kasutada investeeringuid piiriülese sidususe tugevdamiseks - digitaalsete lahenduste väljatöötamisel piiriülese äri halduskoormuse vähendamiseks. Samas, selget kohustust vastavate meetmete rahastamiseks ei ole võetud. Erieesmärgi 1.4. tegevussuunaga „Rahastamisvahendite pakkumine ettevõtetele“ on kirjeldatud kavatsust pakkuda regionaallaenu ehk allutatud laenu väljaspool Tallinna ja Tartut tegutsevatele ettevõtetele. Mõlemad kavatsused oleksid regionaalselt tasakaalustava mõjuga. Kaudset regionaalset tasakaalustavat mõju omavad ka erieesmärk 1.3. meetmed ja tegevussuunad e-teenuste arendamiseks – kui teenuste ühtlasemat kättesaadavust tagavad lahendused sõltumata elanike ja ettevõtete territoriaalsest paiknemisest. Kiire interneti erieesmärgi (1.5) tegevused on kavandatud regionaalse tasakaalustatuse mõjudes kahesuunaliselt. Ühelt poolt kavandatakse aidata vähemarenenud ja hajaasustusega turutõrke piirkondi järgi, suunates sinna toetusi lairibavõrgu arendamiseks. Teiselt poolt kavandatakse uuema 5G tehnoloogia kasutuselevõttu esmalt ja pigem keskustes, kus on suurem nõudlus. Viimane omab regionaalset tasakaalustamatust suurendavat mõju. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Rakendada nutika spetsialiseerumise lähenemist (ka) kui Eesti sisese regionaalpoliitika meedet (regionaalsed kohapõhised ettevõtlikul avastusprotsessil ja CLLD mudelil põhinevad spetsialiseerumise strateegiad. 2. Täiendada teadmussiirde ettevõtetele suunatud meetmeid regionaalsete kriteeriumitega. 21 22 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist 3. Kavandada jätkuvalt regionaalsete kriteeriumite rakendamist meetmete disainil. 4. Erieesmärgi 1.4 meetmete ja tegevustega toetatakse ettevõtlust, innovatsiooni, eraldi turismisektorit ja loomemajandust, ent kirjeldatud ei ole, mis haridusastmetel, -tasemetel (põhi-, kutse-, gümnaasiumi-, kõrg-, rakenduskõrgharidus) ning mida selleks formaalhariduses ja õppekavades on vaja ära teha. Kui see koondub vaid kõrghariduse ümber, siis ei loo see kõigile ühiskonnagruppidele võrdseid võimalusi ega võimalda sellest kõigil võrdselt kasu saada. Heaolu kasv (sh majanduslik jõukus, turvalisuse tase ja Erieesmärgid 1.1 ja 1.4 toetavad majandusliku heaolu kasvu läbi TAI-tegevuste olulisuse toetamise ettevõtete ärimudelites, infrastruktuuris, teenustes ja rahvusvahelistes võimaluste mitmekesisus) koostööprojektides ja -võrgustikes. Erieesmärgid 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 ja 1.4 edendavad heaolu kasvu ühiskonnas, toetades kirjeldatud tegevustega kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga tööjõu hõivet (juhid, ettevõtjad, ettevõtluse, teadus-, arendus- ja innovatsiooniga seotud töökohad, sh nt teadlased, insenerid, arendus- ja innovatsioonijuhid), samuti nende tööhõivet avalikus sektoris ja neis ettevõtetes ning konkreetselt VKEdes, kes pürgivad välisturgudele ja soovivad enda tooteid-teenuseid eksportida. Ettevõtete toetamine TAI tegevustes tõstab nende konkurentsivõimet (sh positsiooni väärtusahelas) ja pakub omakorda elanikkonnale, kogukonnas kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohti. Kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtadel on sissetulekud kõrgemad, mis parandab elukvaliteeti ja kasvatab heaolu. Kõrge kvalifikatsiooniga koolitatud tööjõud hoolib enam ja on teadlikum keskkonnaväljakutsetest ja oskab kasutada uudseid, keskkonnasäästlikumaid tehnoloogiaid, töövõtteid, tehnikaid, meetodeid jne. Kõrgemat tehnoloogiat nõudvad töökohad ja kõrgemat kvalifikatsiooni vajavad töökohad on suurema tõenäosusega tervislikumad ja säilitavad elukvaliteeti pikas perspektiivis (nt vähem müra, vähem reostust, puhtam õhk, tervislikumad ja keskkonnasäästlikumad materjalid, tehnoloogiad jmt). Tervelt elatud aastate suurenemine aitab kaasa heaolu kasvule. Laialdane teadmus- ja tehnoloogiasiire avaliku sektori ja erasektori tööturgudel loovad mitmekesiseid võimalusi koostööks ja jätkuvaks majandusarenguks. Järjepidev TAI tulemuste kasutamine ja ülekandmine ettevõtlusesse, tööstusesse, avaliku sektorisse jms toetab kõrgema kvalifikatsiooni ja suurema sissetulekuga töökohtade teket nii www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist linna- kui maapiirkondades. Töökoht annab inimestele sissetuleku ja nii sotsiaalse kui majandusliku turvatunde. Kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga töökohtadel kasutatakse uusi tehnoloogiaid, kaasaegseid töövõtteid, digilahendusi jms. Laiemalt paindlikumad töövormid (nt kaugtöö, platvormi töö), mitmekesised töösuhted (nt renditöö), paindlik osalemine tööturul toetab üldist heaolu kasvu, pakkudes mitmekesiseid võimalusi tööturul ja tööhõives osaleda kõigile ühiskonnagruppidele. Erieesmärgid on vastavuses: EL säästva arengu strateegia eesmärgiga tugevdada osapoolte, sh eraettevõtete rolli teadustöö edendamisel, tagamaks majandusarengu ja keskkonnakaitse omavahelist tugevdamist; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga kasutada programmi „Euroopa Horisont“ vahendeid teadusuuringute ja innovatsiooni toetamiseks, sh eraettevõtluses; Säästev Eesti 21 eesmärgiga heaolu kasv, sh majanduslik jõukus, mis toetab siirdumist innovatsioonikesksesse majandusse; ELi Läänemere piirkonna strateegia heaolu piirkonna eesmärgiga, mis ühe tegevusena toetab teenuste innovatsiooni alast koostööd; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga suurendada teaduse ja innovatsiooni rolli andmete ja digitaristu kasutuselevõtu ja kättesaadavuse suurendamisel ja eesmärgiga kasutada programmi „Euroopa Horisont“ vahendeid VKE-de innovatsiooni arendamiseks, mida saab kasutusele võtta üleilmsetel turgudel. Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisus Eesti säästva arengu strateegias „Säästev Eesti 21“ on Eesti kultuuriruumi mõiste väga lai ning määratletud kui eesti traditsioonil ja keelel põhinev ühiskonnaelu korraldus. Kultuuriruum hõlmab eesti keelt, kultuuri (sh loometegevust ja rahvakultuuri), traditsioone, teadust ning selle kultuuri kandjaid (end eestlasena määratlevaid ja eesti keeles suhtlevaid inimesi). Eesti kultuuriruum eksisteerib seega nii Eestis kui mujal maailmas. Püsitatud eesmärgid 1.1 ja 1.4 toetavad Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisust pigem kaudselt: eeldusel, et mida toimivam ja targem on Eesti majandus, seda elujõulisem on Eesti ühiskond ja kultuuriruum; seda paremini toimetulevad on Eesti kultuuriruumi kandjad. Säästev Eesti 21 mõistes toetab eesmärk seega kultuuriruumi ulatuse alameesmärki. 23 24 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Ette nähtud eesmärgid toetavad otseselt Eesti teadust ja selle rahvusvahelistumist (nt eesmärk 1.2), seega nii Säästva Eesti 21 mõistes kultuuriruumi ulatuse kui ka funktsionaalsuse eesmärke. Samuti on otsene positiivne mõju Eesti kultuuriruumi teatud komponentidele: erieesmärk 1.3.1- E-riigi arendamine, millel on otsene positiivne mõju avalikele teenustele (sh kultuuriteenustele) ja andmete parema kättesaadavuse mõistes (nt ehitatud kultuuriväärtusliku keskkonna andmed võimaldavad teha paremaid ruumiotsuseid) ning erieesmärk 1.4.2, mille peamiseks tegevuseks on loomemajanduse toetamine. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3.2 Rohelisem Eesti Tabel 3.2-1. Poliitikaeesmärgi Rohelisem Eesti kavandatavad erieesmärgid, nende meetmed ja peamised rahastatavad tegevussuunad Meede Peamised tegevused 2 Poliitikaeesmärk 2: Rohelisem Eesti 2.1 Energiatõhususe suurendamine 2.1.1 Jätkusuutlik ja kättesaadav elamufond Korterelamute rekonstrueerimise toetamine; Korterelamute tehnosüsteemide ja kandekonstruktsioonide rekonstrueerimise toetamine äärealadel 2.2 Säästlik energiatarbimine 2.2.1 Primaarenergia tõhusam kasutus ja taastuvenergia Kaugküttesüsteemide ja katelseadmete renoveerimise ja rajamise toetamine (sh osakaalu suurendamine lõpptarbimises investeeringud keskmise võimsusega põletusseadmetesse) 2.2.2 Inimkeskse tervishoiu arendamine Tervishoiuasutuste energiatõhusus 2.2.3 Primaarenergia tõhusam kasutus ja taastuvenergia Biometaani kasutuselevõtu soodustamine osakaalu suurendamine lõpptarbimises 2.2.4 Kliima-eesmärkide elluviimine, välisõhu kaitse ja Elamute liitumine kaugküttevõrkudega; kiirgusohutus Õhukvaliteedi seirevõrgustiku arendamine ja täiendamine; Asukohapõhise terviseriski hinnangute süsteemi loomine 2.3 Kliimamuutustega kohanemine ja valmisoleku tõstmine 2.3.1 Kliima-eesmärkide elluviimine, välisõhu kaitse ja Üleujutusmeede; Kombineeritud sadeveesüsteemid sh. lahkvoolsete kiirgusohutus sademeveesüsteemide rajamine; Mitteheas seisundis veekogumite tervendamine; Muud kohanemisemeetmed 2.3.2 Eluslooduse kaitse ja kasutus Elupaikade taastamine kliimamuutustega kohanemise valmisoleku suurendamiseks 2.3.3 Ennetava ja turvalise elukeskkonna kujundamine/ Päästevõimekuse suurendamine Kiire ja asjatundlik abi/Kindel sisejulgeolek 2.3.4 Kvaliteetne ja ohutu taristu Sadamate akvatooriumi kaitse 25 26 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 2 Poliitikaeesmärk 2: Rohelisem Eesti 2.3.5 Kliima-eesmärkide elluviimine, välisõhu kaitse ja Kliimamuutustest põhjustatud ebasoodsa mõju vähendamine tervisele ja kiirgusohutus elukvaliteedile Kliimamuutustest põhjustatud ebasoodsa mõju vähendamine biomajandusele ja linnalise elurikkuse suurendamine (tegevused tuleb kohandada vastavalt fondi erieesmärgile) 2.4 Ringmajandus ja roheinnovatsioon 2.4.1 Ringmajanduse korraldamine Ringmajanduspõhiste tootmis- ja tarbimismudelite kasutuselevõtu, sh tööstussümbioosi ja toorme hankimisega seotud kahjude vähendamise toetamine ning vastavate erialaekspertide koolitus; Tööstuse ja teenindussektori, sh VKE- de energia- ja ressursitõhususe tõstmine ja auditite toetamine; Jäätmetekke ja pakendamise vältimine ja vähendamine, toodete korduskasutuse edendamine; Jäätmete liigiti kogumise infrastruktuuri toetamine; Ringlussevõtu võimekuse tõstmine ja ohutu materjaliringluse tagamine 2.5 Suuremate linnapiirkondade säästev liikuvus 2.5.1 Liikuvuse korraldamine Tallinna trammiliikluse arendamine; Linnades ohutuse tagamiseks jalgrattateede põhivõrgustike ehitamine, sh hoiukohtade ja läbipääsutunnelite rajamine; Sõlmpunktide arendus, sh Pargi&Reisi parklate rajamine, reaalajatabloode paigaldus jne www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Tabel 3.2-2. Poliitikaeesmärgi Rohelisem Eesti kavandatu vastavus keskkonnaeesmärkidele Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Terviklikult on poliitikaeesmärgi Rohelisem Eesti all kavandatud tegevustel otsene mõju vähendamaks mõju kliimamuutustele ja tagamaks parem keskkonnahoid. Kõik kavandatud erieesmärgid on suunatud keskkonnahoiule ja selle parendamiseks, mis omab otsest positiivset mõju. Erieesmärki jätkusuutlik ning kättesaadavasse elamufond (eesmärk 2.1.1) suunatud investeeringute tulemuseks on energiatõhususe märkimisväärne paranemine. Kavandatud eesmärgi ja meetme sekkumisvaldkonna olemus toetab otseselt kliimamuutuste leevendamise eesmärki. KSH tähelepanekud, ettepanekud: 1. Peamiste tegevuste juures on välja toodud vajadus soodustada korterelamute tehnosüsteemide ja Vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele (sh kandekonstruktsioonide rekonstrueerimise toetamist äärealadel. Samas on korterelamufondi kliimamuutuste leevendamine, kliimamuutustega rekonstrueerimisel pikk vaade oluline, et riiklikud toetusmeetmed oleksid parimal viisil kujundatud. Hajapiirkondade kortermajades tuleks vaadata ühtlasi, kui jätkusuutlikud need investeeringud on, kohanemine) ja puhas energia sest majad jäävad tühjaks ja seetõttu on eelnev jätkusuutlikkuse analüüs oluline. Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeeriumil on ettevalmistamisel (2021. aastal) tööriist9, et kaardistada Eesti tervikpilt, kus on pooltühjad või täiesti tühjad hooned. See annab kohalikule omavalitsusele ja riigile võimaluse täiendavaks analüüsiks. Täpsemate rahastus- ja toetusmeetmete jaotamisel tuleks lähtuda terviklikust ja pikaajalisest perspektiivist. 2. Oluline on tähelepanu pöörata, et korterelamute rekonstrueerimise puhul tagatakse kvaliteetsete ja keskkonnasõbralike/jätkusuutlikute materjalide kasutamine. Ebakvaliteetsete materjalide ja ehitusvõtete kasutamine võib tagada küll parema soojuslahenduse vanematele kortermajadele, kuid probleemiks võib saada inimese tervist säästva õhukvaliteedi tagamine ja ventilatsioonisüsteemide paigaldamise vajadus (viimane võib vanemates majades energiakulusid hiljem suurendada). 9 file:///C:/Users/Riin/Downloads/Kokkuv6te_Eluhoonete_energiat%C3%B5hususe_suurendamine_Rohelisem_Eesti%20(1).pdf 27 28 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Eesmärgi 2.2 säästlik energiatabimine all on ühtlasi ette nähtud meede „Primaarenergia tõhusam kasutus ja taastuvenergia osakaalu suurendamine lõpptarbimises“ (2.2.1) ja selle all on tegevusena ette nähtud toetada kaugküttesüsteemide ja katelseadmete renoveerimist ja rajamist. KSH tähelepanekud, ettepanekud: 1. Nimetatud kavandatava tegevuse puhul – 2.2.1, võib selle toetusmeetmete valesti rakendamise korral kaasneda potentsiaalne oluline ebasoodne mõju, seades ohtu nii elurikkuse säilimise kui kliima eesmärkide saavutamise. Igasugune taastuvate allikate kasutamine pole keskkonnasõbralik. Alati tuleb lähtuda sellest, kuidas väärtuslikku ressurssi kõige efektiivsemalt kasutusele võtta. Kaugküttekatlamajade ja koostootmisjaamade valdavaks kütuseks on saanud õli või maagaasi asemel biomass, see tähendab valdavalt puitkütuseid. Juhul kui katelseadmetes jätkatakse väärtusliku suuremahulist metsapuidu põletamist, avaldab see ebasoodsat mõju, seades ohtu kliima ja elurikkuse eesmärkide tagamise. Taastuvate kütuste põletamine koos fossiilsetega on iseenesest mõistlik tegevus, ent sellisel juhul tuleb jälgida, et see toimuks kütust maksimaalselt säästes ja keskkonda hoides. Selleks tuleks antud tegevuste abil soodustada lahendusi, mis toetaksid laiemalt keskkonda – soodustada rohtse biomassi, biogaasi jmt lahendusi. Otsene positiivne mõju on ka eesmärgil 2.3.5, kus peamiste tegevustena on ette nähtud mh linnalise elurikkuse suurendamine. Meetmete abil on mõistlik tagada linnalistes keskkondades piisav rohealade osakaal, et vältida nt linnaruumi ülekuumenemist kuumalainete ajal. Rohealad pakuvad linnades kuumalainete ajal varju, et tagada inimeste tervise kaitse. Nimetatud tegevused oleks otseselt vastavuses Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukavas aastani 2030 seatud eesmärkidega. Erieesmärk2.5 toetab otseselt säästvat liikumist ja on suunatud eelkõige suurematele linnapiirkondadele. Säästev transport, piirkondade parema Tähelepanu pööratakse linnalise liikuvuse arendamisele, sh aktiivsete liikumisviiside, jalgrattateede ligipääsetavuse tagamine põhivõrgustiku arendamisele, sobiliku liikumisruumi kujundamisele ning multimodaalsete sõlmpunktide (Pargi&Reisi parklate lahendamine) ehitamisele, et suurendada säästvate liikumisviiside osakaalu. Säästev tarbimine ja tootmine, (jäätmetekke Erieesmärk 2.4 toetab otseselt säästva tarbimise ja tootmise edendamist läbi ettevõtete ringmajandusele ülemineku.soodustamise. Toetus suurendamaks ettevõtete teadlikkust ja tehnoloogilist võimekust vähendamine, puhas ringmajandus) ringmajanduse arendamiseks, sh pakendi ja jäätmetekke vähendamiseks, motiveerib ettevõtteid selles suunas tegutsema, samas toetab nende tegevuse lisandväärtuse kasvatamise võimalusi. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Erieesmärk on vastavuses: ELi säästva arengu strateegia eesmärgiga edendada säästvaid tarbimis- ja tootmisviise ning suurendada ettevõtete vastutustunnet säästva tootmise saavutamisel; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga kaasata tööstust puhta ringmajanduse saavutamiseks. Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamine Erieesmärk 2.3 toetab bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamist taastades halvas seisus olevad veekogud ja võimaldades sellega valdkondlikel ettevõtetel tegeleda sellistel veekogudel majandustegevusega, sh veekogu seisundit kahjustamata. Olulise otsese positiivse mõjuga on eesmärk 2.3.2 ja tegevus elupaikade taastamine (2.3.2). Tervis ja elukvaliteet Eesmärgid toetavad Säästev Eesti 21 eesmärki Heaolu kasv. Eesmärk 2.1.1 toetab elukvaliteeti elamufondi parendamise kaudu. Eesmärk 2.2. toetab tervist ja elukvaliteeti kaudselt, kuna säästlikum energiatarbimine vähendab õhuheiteid ja selle kaudu mõju tervisele. Kliimamuutustega kohanemise eesmärk (2.3) keskendub otseselt elukeskkonna ohutuse tõstmisele, kaudselt toetab tervist ja elukvaliteeti elupaikade taastamine. Erieesmärgid 2.3.5 ja 2.4.1 toetavad inimese tervise ja elukvaliteedi edendamist läbi säästva veemajanduse korraldamise ja ettevõtete ringmajandusele ülemineku soodustamise, mis eeldatavalt vähendab keskkonnakoormust. Säästev linnaline liikumine (2.5) toetab ühistranspordi arengut (tramm), jalgrattateede ja seda toetava võrgu kavandamist ning multimodaalsust. Tegevused toetavad Säästev Eesti 21 eesmärki Ökoloogiline tasakaal (saastumise vähendamise alameesmärki). Sidus ühiskond (sotsiaalne kaasatus, regionaalne Erieesmärgid 2.1, 2.2, 2.4 toetavad sidusat ühiskonda kaudselt läbi ettevõtluse majandustegevuse tasakaal ja tugev kodanikuühiskond) elavdamise. Erieesmärkide tegevused panustavad sidusasse ühiskonda, kuid ettevõtluse panus nende eesmärkide täitmisesse on pigem lühiajaline. Kavandatud tegevusuundadest omavad otsest regionaalset mõõdet meetme 2.1.1. tegevussuund „Korterelamute tehnosüsteemide ja kandekonstruktsioonide rekonstrueerimise toetamine äärealadel“ ning erieesmärgi 2.5. meetmed ja tegevused Eesti suuremate linnade ja linnapiirkondade säästva liikuvuse arendamiseks. Meetme 2.1.1. raames on kavandatud toetuseid kortermajade renoveerimiseks piirkondlike turutõrgete leevendajana sellisena, et “meedet rakendatakse kõikides regioonides, kuid toetusi 29 30 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist diferentseeritakse selliselt, et suurem osa toetustest läheb madalama kinnisvarahinnaga piirkondadesse“. Eesmärgipärane olekski rakendada piirkondlikke erisusi meetme mõlema tegevussuuna – nii korterelamute rekonstrueerimise kui ka korterelamute tehnosüsteemide ja kandekonstruktsioonide rekonstrueerimise – toetamisel. Erieesmärgi 2.5. tegevussuunad võivad soodsate projektivalikute (reisijaveo sõlmpunktide arendamine linnapiiridel, keskuslinnade kergliiklussõbralikkuse arendamine) korral toetada Tallinna, Tartu ja Pärnu (linna)regioonide liikuvusliku sidususe kvaliteeti. Veel mitmete kavandatud meetmete ja tegevusuundade puhul on kavandatud rakendada rakenduskava tööversioonides regionaalset arengut toetavaid kriteeriume asjakohastel juhtudel. Meetme 2.2.3. tegevussuuna „biometaani kasutuselevõtu soodustamine“ raames tuuakse seoses ühistranspordi üleminekuga jätkusuutlikumale energiatarbimisele esile mõte suunata toetused nimelt perifeersematesse maakondadesse. Ringmajanduse erieesmärgi (2.4) tegevusi kavandatakse rakendada üle-Eestiliselt nii, et sekkumised parendavad regioone ja tööstusparke kõikjal, kuid võimalusel „eelistatakse vähemarenenud piirkondade projekte“. Piirkondlikke erisusi kavandatakse vähendada ka KOV-üksuste võimekuse tõstmisel ringmajanduse strateegilises juhtimises ja jäätmemajanduse korraldamisel. Meetmete välja töötamisel lubatakse arvestada ka piirkondade erinevaid võimekusi. Piiriület (Eesti-Läti) koostööd jäätmemajanduses käsitletakse võimaluste ja võimalikkuse võtmes. Selliseid regionaalsele tasakaalustatusele suunatud kriteeriumeid on jätkuvalt vajalik säilitada ka rakenduskava lõplikus versioonis ning hiljem meetmete disainil täpsustada selliselt, et vähemarenenud piirkondadesse ja „turutõrke piirkondadesse“ jõuaks ka tegelikult piisava regionaalse mõjuga investeeringuid. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanek: 1. Erieesmärgid ja nende täitmise mõõtmiseks kasutavad indikaatorid ei oma regionaalset mõõdet ning see ei ole ka vajalik. Sisulises mõttes on kõige probleemsem linnapiirkondadele arendamiseks kohustuslikult eraldatavatest vahenditest (vähemalt 8% ERDF investeeringutest) suurema osa (73%) suunamine mitmeliigilise liikumiskeskkonna arendamiseks ning sellest omakorda olulise osa suunamine Tallinna ehk enim arenenud pealinnaregiooni trammivõrgustiku arendamisele. Kohapõhise, kohalike arenguvõimekuste tugevdamisel põhineva ja samas tasakaalustava regionaalpoliitika seisukohast on tegemist tugevalt probleemse valikuga. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Heaolu kasv (sh majanduslik jõukus, turvalisuse Erieesmärk 2.4 toetab eesmärgi saavutamist läbi ettevõtluse arendamise, sest selle tegevused toetavad ettevõtete tehnoloogia ja teenuste arengut ringmajandusel põhineva ärimudeli arendamiseks, mis on oluline tase ja võimaluste mitmekesisus) ettevõtete konkurentsivõime ja turundusstrateegiate parandamiseks rahvusvahelistel turgudel, arvestades üha nõudlikuma tarbija soove. Erieesmärgid 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 ja 2.4 ja nende all kirjeldatud tegevused toetavad neid töökohti ja tööhõivet, kus on vaja keskkonnaalaseid teadmisi-oskusi ja kasutada uuemaid keskkonnasäästlikke tehnoloogiaid (nt ehituses, ringmajanduses, energiasektoris, keskkonna valdkonnas sh nt keskkonnaspetsialistid). Uute keskkonnasäästlike tehnoloogiate ning materjalide kasutamisega nii ehituses, transpordis, energiasektoris, vee- ja elamumajanduses jne paraneb laiemalt töötajate ja elanike tervis ning elu- ja töökeskkond, millest omakorda paraneb laiemalt inimeste heaolu, ühiskonna rahulolu ja turvatunne. Täiendav tööhõive pääste valdkonnas ja paranev võimekus kliimamuutusest tulenevate konfliktide ja katastroofidega toime tulla parandab elanike turvatunnet. Kuna tegevusi kavandatakse üle-Eestiliselt, siis tekib võimalusi parandada seeläbi kõigi elanike töö- ja elukeskkonda. Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisus Püsitatud eesmärgid 2.1-2.3 toetavad Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisust kaudselt: mida energiatõhusam ja energiasäästlikum on Eesti elukeskkond ning mida paremini on toimunud kohanemine kliimamuutustega, seda paremas ja turvalisemas keskkonnas eesti kultuuri kandjad tegutsevad. Eesmärgil on seega kaudne positiivne mõju Säästva Eesti 21 alameesmärgile „Eesti kultuuriruumi ulatus“. Eesmärk 2.4 (rohemajandus ja roheinnovatsioon) toetab majandussektorit ja elukeskkonda ning kaudselt seega Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisust. Eesmärgil on eeldatav positiivne kaudne mõju loodus- ja kultuurmaastikele, kuna esmase toorme vajaduse vähenemisel väheneb seeläbi mõju maastikele. Eesmärk toetab kaudselt Eesti Keskkonnastrateegia aastani 2030 eesmärke „Mitmeotstarbeliste ja sidusate maastike säilitamine“ ja „Loodus- ja kultuurmaastike toimivus ja säästlik kasutamine“. 31 32 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3.3 Ühendatum Eesti Tabel 3.3-1. Poliitikaeesmärgi Ühendatum Eesti kavandatavad erieesmärgid, nende meetmed ja peamised rahastatavad tegevussuunad Meede Peamised tegevused 3 Poliitikaeesmärk 3: Ühendatum Eesti 3.1 Maanteetransport 3.1.1 Kvaliteetne ja ohutu taristu TEN-T maanteede ehitus ja rekonstrueerimine 3.2 Keskkonnasäästlik transport 3.2.1 Liikuvuse korraldamine /Kvaliteetne ja ohutu taristu Raudteede arendamine ja rekonstrueerimine (sh Rail Balticu liini Tallinn-Ikla kohalikud peatused); Raudtee elektrifitseerimine 3.2.2 Regionaalareng KOV kergliiklusteede ehitus Tabel 3.3-2. Poliitikaeesmärgi Ühendatum Eesti kavandatu vastavus keskkonnaeesmärkidele SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Eesmärgil 3.1 puudub otsene mõju kliimamuutuste vähendamisele ja puhta energia ehk taastuvenergeetika suurendamisele. Samas on Eesti inimesed jätkuvalt suuresti sõltuvad isiklikust sõiduvahendist, seega seni kuni ei ole kasvanud inimeste keskkonnateadlikkus ja pole toimunud Vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele (sh kliimamuutuste harjumuste muutust ühiskonnas, võib antud meetme rakendamine suurendada autostumise kasvu leevendamine, kliimamuutustega kohanemine) ja puhas maanteedel ja sellega võib kaasneda potentsiaalne kaudne ebasoodne mõju kliimamuutustele. energia Eesmärk 3.2 on suunatud keskkonnasäästliku transpordi arendamisele, kus suur osa kavandatud rahastusest on suunatud suurprojekti Rail Balticuga seotud tegevuste elluviimiseks. Koostatava „Transpordi ja liikuvuse arengukava aastani 2021-2035“ kohaselt tuleb Rail Baltic kasutusvõimaluste suurendamiseks pidada silmas selle potentsiaali rajada ja kasutusele võtta trassil ette nähtud kohalikud peatused. Transpordi ja liikuvuse arengukava keskkonnamõju strateegilise www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist hindamise aruandes (Hendrikson&Ko 202110) tuuakse samas välja, et koostatavas arengukavas ja selle koostamise aluseks olnud uuringus11 rõhutatakse, et raudtee kasutusfookuse nihutamine rahvusvahelistelt ühendustelt siseriiklike vajaduste täitmise suunas võib kahjustada raudtee võimet täita rahvusvahelise reisijate ja kaubaveo eesmärke, seda enam et kavandatud kohalikud peatused on eemal suurematest asumitest. Oluline on tähele panna, et rongiühenduse puhul on suured energiakaod ja sellest tulenevad KHG heite kogused seotud just rongi pidurdamise ning sõitma hakkamisega. Seega juhul, kui kohalike peatuste lisamine hakkab takistama/pidurdama rahvusvahelise ühenduse kiirust, tõstab see eeldatavasti märkimisväärselt rongikasutuse ressursimahukust ja kaudselt läbi elektrienergia tootmise CO2 heitkoguseid, mis aga peaks olema üks peamine Rail Balticu kasutegur kliimamuutuste vähendamisel. Samas võimaldavad uued rongipeatused arendada säästvat liikuvust ning on olulised maapiirkondade elujõulisuse tagamisel. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Eesmärgiga on lisaks ette nähud raudteetranspordi arendamine elektrifitseerimise suunas, arvestades, et tegemist on väikseima keskkonnajalajäljega olemasoleva lahendusega kütusega raudteeliikluse jaoks. Samas tuleb toetusmeetmete rakendamisel arvestada, et transpordiliigi kliimamõju silmas pidades on oluline see, millistest energiaallikatest on kasutatav elekter toodetud. Erieesmärgid on vastavuses: EL-i Läänemere piirkonna strateegia eesmärgiga tagada üleeuroopalisele transpordivõrgule juurdepääs; Kliimapoliitika põhialused aastani 2050 eesmärgiga suurendada hästi integreeritud asustuse ja transpordikorralduse planeerimist. 10 11 The Future of passenger mobility and goods transaport in Estonia. International Transport Forum, June 2020. 33 34 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Säästev transport, piirkondade parema ligipääsetavuse Ühendatum Eesti alla kavandatud eesmärgid on valdavalt seotud transpordisektori investeeringutega, mis mõjutab ressursikasutust mitmeti – läbi fossiilsete kütuste tarbimise, transpordiinfrastruktuuri tagamine ehitamise ning läbi maakasutuse transpordi infrastruktuuri tarbeks. Transporditaristu rajamiseks ja rekonstrueerimiseks kulub suurel hulgal taastumatuid loodusvarasid ja pinnast. Arengukavas, Säästev tarbimine ja tootmine (jäätmetekke „Ehitusmaavarade kasutamise riikliku arengukava 2011-2020“, toodud hinnangu12 kohaselt kasutatakse Eestis suurem osa ehitusmaavaradest täitematerjalina, sellest omakorda 71% tee-ehituses vähendamine, puhas ringmajandus) ja 29% betooni valmistamiseks. Koostatava „Transpordi ja liikuvuse arengukava“ kohaselt tuleb taristut kavandada säästvalt - taristu arendamise eelduseks on põhjuste ja soovitavate eesmärkide analüüs. Seejuures on öeldud, et transpordisüsteemi arendamisel ja investeerimisotsuste langetamisel järgitakse esmajärjekorras 4- astmelist printsiipi, mille kohaselt võib hakata kaaluma uue taristu ehitamist kui alternatiivi alles siis, kui kolmes esimeses astmes kavandatud tegevused ei lahenda probleemi (nt kas oleks võimalik lahendada probleemi nõudluse mõjutamisega, taristu tõhusama kasutusega või taristu pisemate kohandamistega). Seejuures tuleb linnadevaheliste ühenduste arendamisel maanteearendusi vaadata koos raudteeühendusega ning võimalusel kasutada sekundaarseid materjale nagu aheraine ning ehitus- ja lammutusjäätmed. Nii kavandatud Ühendatum Eesti eesmärgid kui koostatav „Transpordi ja liikuvuse arengukava“ näeb samal ajal ette TEN-T maanteede väljaehitamist mitmes põhisuunas. Koostatavas arengukavas tõdetakse küll, et maanteede ehitamine ei toeta arengukava püüdluseid säästva transpordi arendamisel, kuid vajadust põhjendatakse TEN-T direktiivi nõuete täitmise vajadusega. Samas vastavalt arengukavale lähtutakse põhimaanteede arendamisel eelkõige liiklusohutusest ning nõudlusest, arvestades seejuures siiski ka nn 4-astmelist arendamise printsiipi. Viimane lause on aga juba sisemiselt vastuoluline, kuna 4-astmelise printsiibi esimene aste on nõudluse mõjutamine ning nõudlusest lähtumine ei vasta sellele13. Eesmärk 3.2 all kavandatud meetmed on suunatud mh Rail Balticu liini Tallinn-Ikla kohalike peatuste rajamiseks ja väljaehitamiseks. Uued rongipeatused võimadalavad arendada säästvat 12 Eesti Ehitusmaterjalide Tootjate Liidu andmetel 13 Transpordi ja liikuvuse arengukava keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise aruanne, Hendrikson&Ko 2021 www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist liikuvust ning on olulised maapiirkondade elujõulisuse tagamisel. Pargi-reisi parklate populaarsus just raudteepeatuste lähedal on siin heaks näitajaks. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Toetusmeetmete rakendamisel pöörata tähelepanu terviklikele taristulahendustele piirkondade elujõulisuse tagamiseks (nt Rail Balticu kohalikes peatustes hästi läbimõeldud pargi-ja reisi parklad, transpordiliikide vaheline ühenduvus), et võimendada positiivset mõju regionaalarengule. 2. Taristuehituse lahenduste valikul ja investeerimisotsuste tegemisel tagada, et maksimaalselt lähtutakse „Transpordi ja liikuvuse arengukavas 2021-2030“ nimetatud 4-astmelisest printsiibist ja mõjusid vaadatakse kompleksselt, mh viiakse enne otsustamist läbi alternatiivsete lahenduste keskkonnajalajälje hindamine. 3. Taristuobjektide rajamisel võimalusel kasutada maksimaalselt sekundaarseid materjale. Erieesmärgid on vastavuses: ELi säästva arengu strateegia eesmärgiga muuta transpordisüsteem ühiskonna majanduslikele vajadustele vastavaks; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga kiirendada üleminekut arukale liikuvusele, sh vähendada seisakuid transpordiühendustes; Eesti Keskkonnastrateegia aastani 2030 eesmärgiga pikaajaliselt kavandada integreeritud transpordi arendamist; EL-i Läänemere piirkonna strateegia eesmärgiga tagada üleeuroopalisele transpordivõrgule juurdepääs; Kliimapoliitika põhialused aastani 2050 eesmärgiga suurendada hästi integreeritud asustuse ja transpordikorralduse planeerimist. Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamine Transpordi- ja teedeinfrastruktuuri ehitamine vajab olulises mahus maad kui ressurssi ning võib mõjutada ebasoodsalt sellele alale ja selle mõjualasse jäävaid ökosüsteeme. Transport mõjutab elusloodust negatiivselt peamiselt elupaikade kao ja killustamise läbi, takistab liikide looduslikku levikut ja põhjustab loomade hukkumist teel. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 35 36 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist 1. Kõigi selliste uute taristuobjektide rajamisega (ja olemasoleva taristu olulise laiendamisega) kaasnevaid mõjusid (sh bioloogilisele mitmekesisusele ja elupaikade sidususele) tuleb hinnata eriplaneeringute/projektide käigus lahenduste välja töötamisel, enne kui tehakse realiseerimisotsused. Seejuures on kindlasti oluline tähelepanu pöörata koosmõjule ja kumulatiivsele mõjule teiste olemasolevate ja teadaolevalt kavandatavate taristuobjektidega ning arvestada tee kui terviku mõju (mitte analüüsida vaid üksikuid projekteeritavaid lõike eraldi). 2. Soovitatav on anda suunis hetkel kasutusel olevate teede projekteerimisnormide ülevaatamiseks maa kui ressursi ja biloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamise vaatenurgast. Hetkel kasutusel olev praktika teede rekonstrueerimisel ja ehitamisel toodab üledimensioneeritud taristulahendusi, mille hooldusel ei kasutata looduspõhiseid lahendusi. 3. Mõjusid aitab oluliselt minimeerida see, kui transpordisüsteemi arendamisel peetakse tugevalt kinni eespool nimetatud 4-astmelisest printsiibist ehk uue taristu arendamist hakatakse kaaluma alles siis, kui kolm esimest varianti (nõudluse mõjutamine; olemasoleva taristu ja sõidukite tõhusam kasutus; olemasoleva taristu kohendamine) ei ole selgelt piisavad probleemi lahendamiseks. Tervis ja elukvaliteet TEN-T maanteede ehitus ja rekonstrueerimine (eesmärk 3.1) parendab liiklusohutust ja aitab tagada parema sõidumugavuse. Samuti vähendab maanteede ehitus teekonna läbimiseks kuluvat aega ning võimaldab kvaliteetsema elukeskkonna toimimist ja tagamist (transiitliikluse asulatest eemale viimine). Siiski on TEN-T maanteede ehitusel ka kaudsed negatiivsed kõrvalmõjud tervisele ja elukvaliteedile läbi ühiskonna autokesksuse suurendamise. Vananevas ühiskonnas tuleks vältida individuaalset auto omamist ja juhtimisõigust eeldavaid taristulahendusi. Eesmärgi 3.2 alla kuuluvad teemad tõstavad elukvaliteeti ja võimaldavad harrastada tervislikke liikumisviise. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. KOV kergliiklusteede kavandamise toetamisel pöörata tähelepanu kergliikluse mitmekesistumisele ja erinevate elulaadide toetamisele. Standardi järgi rahuldava või hea www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist tasemega taristulahendused ei pruugi olla piisavad erinevate kergsõidukite, liikumise abivahendite jms mahutamiseks teeruumi. 2. Soovitame eesmärki 3.2 ja selle all olevat regionaalarengu meetme 3.2.2 all ette nähtud toetatavat tegevust laiendada kui „KOV kergliiklustaristu ehitus“, mis on laiem käsitlus ja hõlmab mh parklaid, istepinke jmt. 3. Kergliiklustaristu arendamisel tuleb teadlikult toetada nii keskkonnasäästlikku puhkeotstarbelist kui ka sundliikumist ja teadvustada nende erinevaid vajadusi (nn liikumisringid, kus on eristatud kiiret rattasõitu võimaldavad rajad; laiemad kergliikluse „kiirteed“ radiaalidena töökohti koondavatesse keskustesse). Eesmärk toetab Säästev Eesti 21 eesmärki „heaolu kasv“ ja selle alameesmärke „turvalisuse kasv“ ja „võimaluste mitmekesisus“. Eesmärgil on otsene positiivne mõju elukvaliteedi tõstmisele (kiiremad ühendused, kergliiklusteed) ja tervisele (ohutuse tõstmise mõistes). Raudteetranspordi parendamine vähendab autokasutust ning seega vähendab õhuheiteid, mõjutades seeläbi kaudselt tervist. Kergliiklusteede ehitus toetab ka tervisesporti ja igapäevast rattaga/jalgsi liikumist, millel on positiivne mõju tervisele. Sidus ühiskond (sotsiaalne kaasatus, regionaalne Erieesmärgid toetavad sidusa ühiskonna edendamist läbi ettevõtlussektori võimaluste parandamise. tasakaal ja tugev kodanikuühiskond) TEN-T võrgustiku ja mitmeliigilise liikuvuse parandamine võimaldab ettevõtetel tõsta teenuse mahtu ja kvaliteeti ka maapiirkondades ja kaugemal suurematest transpordivõrkudest. Siiski eeldab sidus ühiskond iga ühiskonnaliikme maksimaalset võimalikku liikumisvabadust, mida toetab eelkõige erieesmärgis 3.2 kirjeldatu. TEN-T transpordivõrgustiku (3.1.) ja keskkonnasõbraliku transpordi (3.2.) arendamise erieesmärgid toetavad esmajoones regioonidevahelise sidususe arengut ning Tallinna-keskse funktsionaalse asustussüsteemi tugevnemist, kuid teisejärguliselt pakuvad võimalusi ka regioonide sisese funktsionaalse sidususe tugevnemiseks, seda paranevate liikumisvõimalustega arengukoridoride ümber. See eeldab siiski teadlikku liikuvuse planeerimist ka kohalikul tasandil, et luua pealinnaga seotud põhimagistraale toetav süsteem. Meetme 3.2.2. tegevussuund „KOV kergliiklusteede ehitus“ 37 38 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist omab vähest positiivset mõju regionaalsele tasakaalustatusele ning sõltuvalt konkreetsete projektide valikust kuni tugevat positiivset mõju üksikute keskus-tagamaa funktsionaalsete regioonide jaoks. Erieesmärgid on suunatud üleriigilise ja üle-Euroopalise ühendatuse suurendamisele. Positiivne mõju Eesti sisesele regionaalsele tasakaalustatusele on sekundaarne ja sõltuv üleriigilistest Tallinna- kesksetest ruumiseostest. Heaolu kasv (sh majanduslik jõukus, turvalisuse tase ja Erieesmärgid 3.1 ja 3.2 toetavad majandusliku heaolu kasvu läbi ettevõtlustegevuse soodustamise, kuna transpordiühendused on kogu tarneahela, sh kaupade ja teenuste liikumiseks väga oluline võimaluste mitmekesisus) faktor, mis mõjutab ettevõtlussektori konkurentsivõimet tervikuna. Paranenud liiklusohutus tõstab turvalisuse taset. Suunatult ja läbimõeldult arendatav raudtee- ja kergliiklustaristu mitmekesistavad elu- ja töökohade asukohtade võimalusi kõikidele ühiskonna gruppidele ja pakuvad liikumisvabadust. Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisus Eesmärgid mõjutavad kultuuriruumi elujõulisust kaudselt läbi heaolu ja keskkonnakvaliteedi tõusu ning ühendatuma ühiskonna loomise, mis toetab mh erinevate kultuuriteenuste kättesaadavust ning seeläbi kultuurielus osalemise osatähtsust. Eesmärgid toetavad seega Säästev Eesti 21 alameesmärki „Eesti kultuuriruumi ulatus läbi kultuuriteenuste kättesaadavuse paranemise“. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3.4 Sotsiaalsem Eesti Tabel 3.4-1. Poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti kavandatavad erieesmärgid, nende meetmed ja peamised rahastatavad tegevussuunad Meede Peamised tegevused 4 Poliitikaeesmärk 4: Sotsiaalsem Eesti 4.1 Sotsiaal ja tervishoiu taristu investeeringud 4.1.1 Iseseisvat toimetulekut toetavate ja kvaliteetsete sotsiaalteenuste Kodude kohandamine kodus elamist toetavate teenuste arendamiseks ning hooldusvõimaluste tagamine Kogukonnapõhiste teenusmajade loomine vanemaealistele Hoolekandeasutuste dementsussõbralikuks kohandamine Erihoolekande teenuskohtade loomine Integreeritud heaoluteenuste arendamise ja osutamise keskused 4.2 Pikaajalise hoolduse korraldus 4.2.1 Iseseisvat toimetulekut toetavate ja kvaliteetsete sotsiaalteenuste Kogukonna ja kohalike omavalitsuste võimestamine ning hooldusvõimaluste tagamine Ühtsete hindamissüsteemide ja –instrumentide kohandamine, loomine ja kasutusele võtmine pikaajalise hoolduse vajaduse tuvastamiseks Teadmistepõhise poliitika kujundamise toetamine Eestkostesüsteemi korrastamine Hoolekandeteenuste kvaliteedi ja kättesaadavuse tõstmine ja järelevalve edendamine Erinevate valdkondade integreerimine sotsiaalkaitseteenuste pakkumiseks, sh innovaatiliste lahenduste suurendamine sotsiaalkaitsesektoris Hoolduskoordinatsiooni mudeli katsetamine ja arendamine üle Eesti Dementsusega inimestele suunatud teenuste kättesaadavuse ja kvaliteedi parendamine Toetavad meetmed hoolduskoormusega inimestele Meetmed sotsiaalkaitse sektori ja lastega töötavatele töötajatele 4.3 Töövõimereform II ja terviseedendus 39 40 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 4 Poliitikaeesmärk 4: Sotsiaalsem Eesti 4.3.1 Kõrge tööhõive taseme saavutamine ja hoidmine/Hüvitiste Töötervishoiu ja –ohutuse teenuste kujundamine maksmine, skeemide arendamine ja inimeste piiriülest liikumist Töökeskkonna ja töötingimustega tegelevate organisatsioonide, sh arvestava sotskindlustussüsteemi kujundamine sotsiaalpartnerite ja erialaorganisatsioonide võimekuse tõstmine Püsiva töövõimekao ennetamine ja ajutise töövõimetusega inimeste tööhõives püsimise toetamine Haiguste ennetusmeetmete, nõustamis-, rehabilitatsiooni- ja tugiteenuste kättesaadavuse parandamine inimeste konkurentsivõime tõstmiseks tööturul ja tööturule naasmiseks Pensionisüsteemi reformimine 4.4 Eesti keel ja lõimumine Eesti keele jätkusuutlikkuse tagamine/ Eesti keele õpe rändetaustaga ja muu emakeelega inimestele 4.4.1 Eesti keele kui teise keele õpetamise tagamine ja õppe toetamine formaalharidussüsteemis Eesti keele õpe täiskasvanutele 4.4.2 Kinnipeetavate lõimimine Kinnipeetavate lõimimine 4.4.3 Tõhus ja proaktiivne kohanemispoliitika Kohanemisprogramm ja uussisserändajate nõustamine 4.4.4 Tõhus ja proaktiivne kohanemispoliitika Avalikkuse teavitamine rände-, kohanemis- ja lõimumisteemadel Tõhus ja proaktiivne kohanemispoliitika Uussisserändajate, sh tagasipöördujate, kohanemise toetamine kohalikul 4.4.5 tasandil 4.4.6 Lõimumispoliitika kujundamine ja rakendamine Keeleõppe- ja lõimumiskoolitused (sh tegevused keele praktiseerimiseks) Töövahendusprogramm keeleõppe eesmärgi Kogukondade vahelised kontaktid Side riigiga Sotsiaalmajanduslike lõhede vähendamine 4.5 Lapsed ja noored 4.5.1 Lapse õigused on tagatud, toimiv lastekaitsesüsteem väärtustab Laste heaolu ja sotsiaalse kaasatuse suurendamine iga last, tema arengut ja heaolu/Lastele ja peredele suunatud teenused on kvaliteetsed ja vastavad perede vajadustele//Kõrge tööhõive taseme saavutamine ja hoidmine www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 4 Poliitikaeesmärk 4: Sotsiaalsem Eesti 4.5.2 Noortevaldkonna arendamine Noorsootöö meetmed noorte tööturule sisenemise toetamiseks, NEET noortele tugimeetmete pakkumine, hariduse tugiteenused 4.5.3 Kriminaalpoliitika kujundamine ja elluviimine Noorte õigusrikkujate retsidiivsuse vähendamine 4.5.4 Ennetav ja turvaline elukeskkond Teenused riskinoortele SPIN, Käitumisoskuste Mäng, Preventure ja kohaliku tasandi võrgustikutööl põhinev koostöömudel 4.5.5 Kodanikuühiskonna mõju suurendamine Laste ja noorte kodanikuühiskonda kaasamine ja arengu toetamine 4.6 Enim puudust kannatavad inimesed 4.6.1 Hüvitiste maksmine, skeemide arendamine ja inimeste piiriülest Toidu ja/või esmatarbekaupade pakkumine (nt voucherite skeemi alusel) liikumist arvestava sotskindlustussüsteemi kujundamine 4.7 Tööhõive Kõrge tööhõive taseme saavutamine ja hoidmine Tööturu struktuursete probleemide lahendamine, tööhõive suurendamine 4.7.1 ja erinevate tööturu riskirühmade tööturul osalemise toetamine 4.8 Elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamine 4.8.1 Hariduse, ühiskonna ja tööturu seosed / Õpivõimalused ja Kutsesüsteemi reform hariduse Täiskasvanute mitteformaalses õppes osalemise toetamine ning korraldus koolitusasutuste võimekuse suurendamine Täiskasvanute tasemeõppes osalemise toetamine Täienduskoolitussüsteemi kvaliteediarendus ning täiskasvanute õpiteede paindlikumaks muutmine Õppimisvõimaluste populariseerimine 4.9 Õppe seostamine tööturu vajadustega 41 42 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 4 Poliitikaeesmärk 4: Sotsiaalsem Eesti 4.9.1 Õpivõimalused ja hariduse korraldus/Õpetajate järelkasv ja Õppekavade arendamine ja rakendamise toetamine ning haridus- ja areng, õpikäsitus ja -keskkonnad/Hariduse, ühiskonna ja tööturu noortevaldkonna töötajate järelkasvu ja kvalifikatsiooni kindlustamine seosed Õpivalikute suunamise meetmed kutse- ja kõrghariduses Tööturu vajadustele vastava kutse- ja kõrghariduse arendamine 4.9.2 Hariduse, ühiskonna ja tööturu seosed IT hariduse ja digioskuste arendamine 4.9.3 Teaduse kõrge taseme ja mitmekesisuse kindlustamine Avatud teadus ja teaduse populariseerimine 4.9.4 Õpivõimalused ja hariduse korraldus/Hariduse, ühiskonna ja Kõrgharidusõppe kvaliteet ja vastavus ühiskonna vajadustele tööturu seosed 4.10 Põhikoolivõrgu korrastamine 4.10 Õpivõimalused ja hariduse korraldus Koolivõrgu korrastamise jätkamine (haridusinfrastruktuuri arendamine kvaliteetse ja kaasava hariduse ning haridusasutuste vahelise koostöö toetamiseks) Kvaliteedi ja innovatsiooni juhtimise arendamise tööriistakast kohalikele omavalitsustele ja haridusasutustele (investeeringud kooskõlas piirkondlike ja/või maakondlike arengudokumentidega ning arvestades regionaalset mõõdet) www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Tabel 3.4-2. Poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti kavandatu vastavus keskkonnaeesmärkidele SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Erieesmärgid 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 ja 4.10 panustavad kaudselt kliimamuutuste mõju vähendamisse ja puhta energia kasutamisse, tõstes õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimetusega inimeste; hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi, keeleoskusi) ning teadmisi. Keskkonnateadlikkust ja keskkonnaharidust tuleb koolisüsteemis arendada varakult, järjepidevalt, toetades sellega laste-noorte keskkonda hoidvaid valikuid täiskasvanueas. Eesmärkide 4.7, 4.8 ja 4.9 elluviimiseltõstes iga töötaja, tööotsija konkurentsivõimet tööturul (taseme-, täiend- ja ümberõpe) paraneb sellest kaudselt keskkonna seisukord. Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud on teadlikum ühiskonna keskkonnaväljakutsetest ja oskab kasutada uudseid, Vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele (sh kliimamuutuste keskkonnasäästlikumaid tehnoloogiaid, töövõtteid, tehnikaid, meetodeid jne. Neil on selleks leevendamine, kliimamuutustega kohanemine) ja puhas sobilikud digipädevused ja üld- ning erialased oskused. Seda eriti siis, kui keskkonnaharidus on loomulik osa kõigi erialade ja ainete õpetusest. Koostöö teadlaste ja ülikoolide, tööandjatega energia toetab innovatsiooni, uusi lahendusi valdkonnas ja seega panustab kliimamuutuste vähendamisse. Hariduse ja noorte valdkonna töötajad tunnevad kaasaegseid õpetamis- ja õppimismeetodeid (kvalifikatsioon) ja oskavad olulisi valdkondi (nt säästev areng) integreerida õppesse, õppekavadesse. Tihe koostöö erialaliitude, katusorganisatsioonide ja haridusasutuste vahel aitab uuendada õppekavu vastavalt ühiskonna strateegilistele eesmärkidele (säästev areng), aidates sellega täita strateegilisi kliimaeesmärke. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Kirjeldada täpsemalt, milliseid tuleviku töö ja ühiskonna jaoks tarvilikke oskusi ja võtmepädevusi, läbivaid oskusi ja digioskusi toetatakse. Et toetatud oleks õppijate, praeguste ja tuleviku töötajate mitmekesiste oskuste ja tuleviku ühiskonna kriitilise tähtsusega oskuste omandamine. 43 44 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Erieesmärgid ja kirjeldatud tegevused aitavad tööturu ja hariduse vaatest väga kaudselt kaasa säästva transpordi arengule ja piirkondade parema ligipääsetavuse tagamisele, tõstes õppijate, Säästev transport, piirkondade parema ligipääsetavuse töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET tagamine noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimekaoga inimeste; hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi) ning teadmisi. Säästev tarbimine ja tootmine (jäätmetekke vähendamine, Erieesmärgid 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9 ja 4.10 panustavad kaudselt säästva tarbimise ja puhta energia kasutule võtmisesse, tõstes õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega puhas ringmajandus) inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimetusega inimeste; hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi, keeleoskusi) ning teadmisi. Keskkonnateadlikkust ja keskkonnaharidust tuleb koolisüsteemis arendada varakult, järjepidevalt, toetades sellega laste- noorte keskkonda hoidvaid valikuid täiskasvanueas. Eesmärgid 4.7, 4.8 ja 4.9, tõstes iga töötaja, tööotsija konkurentsivõimet tööturul (taseme-, täiend- ja ümberõpe) parandavad sellega kaudselt ka keskkonna seisukorda. Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud on teadlikum ühiskonna keskkonnaväljakutsetest ja oskab kasutada uudseid, keskkonnasäästlikumaid tehnoloogiaid, töövõtteid, tehnikaid, meetodeid jne. Neil on selleks sobilikud digipädevused ja üld- ning erialased oskused. Aktiivselt end töiselt ja erialaselt täiendav tööotsija, töötaja on teadlikum ühiskonna väljakutsetest, sh kliimamuutuste negatiivsetest mõjudest. Seda eriti siis, kui keskkonnaharidus on loomulik osa kõigi erialade ja ainete õpetusest. Koostöö teadlaste ja ülikoolide, tööandjatega toetab innovatsiooni, uusi lahendusi valdkonnas ja seega panustab kliimamuutuste vähendamisse. Hariduse ja noorte valdkonna töötajad tunnevad kaasaegseid õpetamis- ja õppimismeetodeid (kvalifikatsioon) ja oskavad olulisi valdkondi (nt säästev areng) integreerida õppesse, õppekavadesse. Tihe koostöö erialaliitude, katusorganisatsioonide ja haridusasutuste vahel aitab uuendada õppekavu vastavalt ühiskonna strateegilistele eesmärkidele (säästev areng), aidates sellega täita strateegilisi kliimaeesmärke. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamine Erieesmärgid ja kirjeldatud tegevused aitavad tööturu ja hariduse vaatest väga kaudselt kaasa bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamisele, tõstes õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimekaoga inimeste, hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi), teadmisi. Tervis ja elukvaliteet Kõik erieesmärgid toetavad Eestis otsesemalt elukvaliteeti – võimalust osaleda ühiskonnaelus, tööturul, saada vajalikku hooldusabi jms. Otsesed positiivsed mõjud on töötervishoiu, haiguste ennetamise ja terviseedenduse eesmärkidel. Erieesmärgid 4.7-4.9 toetavad inimese tervise ja elukvaliteedi parandamist läbi paranevate võimaluste tööturul osaleda. Tööturu- ja haridussüsteemi täiendamist toetavad tegevused võimaldavad erinevatel ühiskonnagruppidel tõsta enda kvalifikatsiooni tööturule pääsemiseks ja väiksema töötusriskiga seal tegutseda, mis on oluline inimeste sissetuleku tagamiseks ja sellega elukvaliteedi parandamiseks. Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud hoolib enam ja on teadlikum enda tervisest, oskab sellele tähelepanu pöörata ja seostada keskkonnariskide, -probleemidega. Uued kaasaegsed keskkonnasäästlikud lahendused ja tehnoloogiad aitavad hoida inimeste, töötajate tervist (sh konkreetselt sotsiaal- ja tervishoiu- ja hooldusvaldkonnas). Töötajate haridustaseme ja oskuste taseme tõus aitab neil kauem ja tervena hõives püsida ja tõstab nende elukvaliteeti. Paranev töötervishoid ja tööohutus, kaasaegsed töötingimused panustavad tervislikemasse töökohtadesse ja toetavad pikka tööiga, -elu hõives. Parem eesti keele oskus võimaldab inimestel osaleda tööturul, kasutada kohalikke teenuseid sh tervishoiuteenuseid. Tööturu vajadustest lähtuva haridussüsteemi toimimine võimaldab ettevõtetel luua aktiivselt töökohti ja sellega toetada inimeste elukvaliteedi säilimist/parandamist. Erieesmärk 4.1.1 aitab kaasa elukvaliteedi ja tervise paranemisele nii neil, kellele teenused on mõeldud, kui ka nendega koos elavatel ja/või neile tuge või hooldust pakkuvatel inimestel. 45 46 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Tegevuste planeerimisel ja rahastamisel on oluline järgida regionaalset jaotust, et pakutud teenused ja lahendused ei koonduks üksikutesse keskustesse, vaid täidaksid eesmärki tuua teenused ja keskused inimestele lähemale, st saavutada parem regionaalne tasakaal teenuste pakkumisel ja saamisel. Erieesmärgid on vastavuses ELi säästva arengu strateegia eesmärkidega varustada ettevõtteid kvalifitseeritud tööjõuga ning Säästva Eesti 21 eesmärgiga tagada tööjõu kvaliteedi vastavus majanduse arenguvajadustele. Sidus ühiskond (sotsiaalne kaasatus, regionaalne tasakaal ja Erieesmärgid 4.7-4.9 toetavad sidusa ühiskonna saavutamist läbi tööturumeetmete ja tugev kodanikuühiskond) tugiteenuste, mis on suunatud tööturu nõudluse rahuldamisele läbi kõiki ühiskonnarühmi kaasavate tegevuste. Erieesmärgid toetavad haridussüsteemi ja tööturunõudluse vastavust ja elukestva õppe süsteemis osalemise võimalusi. Erieesmärgid aitavad saavutada ettevõtete tegevuseks vajaliku tööjõu olemasolu, mis on oluline haritud, regionaalselt tasakaalustatud ja avalikku sektorit toetava ühiskonna kujunemisel. Üksnes erieesmärk 4.10. raames ja juures rõhutatakse regionaalset vaadet, täpsemalt funktsionaal-administratiivsete regioonide olulisust koolivõrgu korrastamisel - investeeringuid kavandatakse teha „kooskõlas piirkondlike ja/või maakondlike arengudokumentidega ning arvestades regionaalset mõõdet“. Lähtudes rakenduskavas kirjeldatust, ilmneb, et valdava osa erieesmärkide raames kavandatakse tegevusi, mille rakendamisel kasutatakse regionaalse mõjuga eristavaid kriteeriume. Tööhõive erieesmärgi (4.7.) rakendamise põhimõttena kavandati välja töötada kohalikele ja piirkondlikele vajadustele vastavaid meetmeid. Tegevused tööjõu liikumise geograafiliste takistuste kõrvaldamisel võiksid suurendada regioonide funktsionaalset sidusust. Töövõimereform II erieesmärgi (4.3.) tegevustes kavandati piirkondlike võimekuste tasakaalustamist KOV volikogu liikmete koolitustegevustega ning kohapõhise arengumudeli rakendamist tööturuteenuste kavandamise viimisel kohalikule ja piirkondlikule tasandile. Erieesmärk „Lapsed ja noored“ (4.5.) raames taotleti regionaalset tasakaalustatust läbi teenuste (taseme) ühtlustamise ning KOV-üksuste nõustamise. Ka elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamise erieesmärgi (4.8.) üheks kavandatavaks tegevuseks on KOV-üksuste võimekuste tasakaalustamine valdkonda panustamisel. Samuti kavandatakse lähtuda piirkondliku majanduse ja tööturu vajadustest, sh ka mitte-eesti rahvastiku olulise osakaaluga piirkondade eripärasid arvestada. Eesti keele ja lõimumise erieesmärgi (4.4.) raames www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist on kavandatud lähenemine eelmise erieesmärgiga sarnane – eristatakse vajadustest lähtuvalt peamised sihtpiirkonnad (Ida-Viru ja Harju), kuhu meetmeid eelistatult suunatakse, ning samaaegselt kavandatakse piirkondliku haldusvõimekuse tasakaalustatut arendamist. Sotsiaal- ja tervishoiu taristu investeeringute erieesmärgi (4.1.) raames kavandati tasakaalustatud regionaalset arengut toetavana arendada maakonnakeskustes integreeritud tervise- ja hoolduskeskusi ning võtta seejuures investeerimisel arvesse regionaalseid vajadusi. Põhikoolivõrgu korrastamise erieesmärgi (4.10.) raames kavandati väikesemahulisi investeeringuid regionaalsesse koostöösse piirkondlike hariduskonsortsiumite partnerlusel põhineva kontseptsiooni alusel ning piirkondlikest vajadustest lähtuvalt toetab see regioonide funktsionaalse sidususe kasvu. Mitmed kavandatavad eesmärgid ja eri-eesmärgid toetavad hariduse ja tugiteenuste pakkumise jätkamist, toetavad selleks erinevate osapoolte koostööd ja suurendavad nii sotsiaalset kaasatust ja tugevamat kodanikuühiskonda. Erieesmärgi 4.1.1 tegevused „Kogukonnapõhiste teenusmajade loomine vanemaealistele“ ning „Integreeritud heaoluteenuste arendamise ja osutamise keskused“ parandavad üldist hooldusteenuste kättesaadavust, sh kaasatakse teenuste pakkumisse kogukonnad. See aitab kaasa sidusama ühiskonna ja tugevama kodanikuühiskonna loomisele. Erieesmärgid 4.1-4.10 ja nende raames kirjeldatud tegevused edendavad sidusat ühiskonda erinevatele sihtrühmadele mõeldud tööturumeetmete ja tugiteenustega, tõstes õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimetusega inimeste; hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi, keeleoskusi) ning teadmisi. Parem haridus ja teadmistele, oskustele (kvalifikatsioonile) vastav töökoht tagavad inimesele konkurentsivõimelise ja väärilise sissetuleku ning pakuvad eneseteostust. Need loovad võimalusi ka aktiivselt ühiskonna ja kogukonna elus osaleda. Kui tegevustes suudetakse järgida regionaalseid erinevusi ja kasutada ära just sellest tulenevaid võimalusi, siis on mõju keskkonnaeesmärgile positiivne. 47 48 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Rakenduskava regionaalsete kriteeriumite rakendamine on vajalik ning loob eeldused positiivsete regionaalsete mõjude saavutamiseks. Vastasel juhul võivad mõjud olla regionaalset tasakaalustamatust suurendavad või vähendavad. 2. Põhikoolivõrgu korrastamise erieesmärgi (4.10) olulisemad investeeringud lähtuvad rakenduskava 31.07.2020 versioonist lähtuvalt ressursitõhususe ja õppekvaliteedi kriteeriumitest ning selle elluviimisel põhihariduse regionaalne kättesaadavus eeldatavalt halveneb, esmajoones hajaasustusega piirkondade elanike jaoks. Kuigi kavandatavad meetmed võivad olla õppekvaliteedi tagamiseks paratamatud, siis samaaegselt need ka võimestavad hetkel üksnes prognoositavat regionaalselt ebaühtlast rahvastikuarengu trendi. 3. Tuua eraldi tegevustes välja vähese või katkestatud haridusega ja erialase hariduseta tööjõudu, kelle haridustaseme, oskuste-teadmiste tõusu võiks lisaks teistele sihtrühmadele toetada. 4. Kaaluda läbivalt regionaalselt tasakaalustatumat lähenemist, st suure tööpuudusega ja kliimaeesmärkidest rohkem mõjutatud piirkonnad ja nende tööjõud võiks olla teravdatud tähelepanu all. Heaolu kasv (sh majanduslik jõukus, turvalisuse tase ja Eesmärgid 4.1-4.10 ja nende raames kirjeldatud tegevused kasvatavad ühiskonnas heaolu erinevatele sihtrühmadele mõeldud tööturumeetmete ja tööturu tugiteenustega, võimaluste mitmekesisus) sotsiaalhoolekandemeetmete ja sotsiaalteenustega, samuti õpivõimaluste ja haridusteenustega, tõstes õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimetusega inimeste; hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi, keeleoskusi) ning teadmisi. Kvaliteetse ja kättesaadava tasemeõppega ning paindliku täiend- ja ümberõppega paraneb erinevate ühiskonnagruppide (NEET noored, uussisserändajad ja ajutise töövõimetusega töötajad, hoolduskoormusega töötajad) konkurentsivõime ja võrdsed võimalused tööturul ning ühiskonnas. Meeldiv, eneseteostust, arengut ja väärilist sissetulekut pakkuv töökoht toetab www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist inimese arengut ja soodustab tema osalemist ühiskonnaelus, kogukonnas, aidates seeläbi ka teisi ühiskonnaliikmeid. Haridusele vastav töökoht annab inimestele sissetuleku ja nii sotsiaalse kui majandusliku turvatunde. Tööjõu järjepidev hariduse, oskuste ja pädevuste tõus toetab kõrgema kvalifikatsiooni ja suurema sissetulekuga, vähem tervist kahjustavate töökohtade teket nii linna- kui maapiirkondades. Kõrgema hariduse ja kvalifikatsiooniga töökohtadel kasutatakse uusi tehnoloogiaid, kaasaegseid töövõtteid, digilahendusi jms. Sellistel töökohtadel on vaja nii digioskusi, oskust koostööd teha kui teisi (sektoriti, valdkonniti, haruti) ülekantavaid nii erialaspetsiifilisi kui üldoskusi. Laiemalt paindlikumad töövormid (nt kaugtöö, platvormi töö), mitmekesised töösuhted (nt renditöö) ja paindlik osalemine tööturul toetavad üldist heaolu kasvu, pakkudes mitmekesiseid võimalusi tööturul ja võimaldades tööhõives osaleda kõigil ühiskonnagruppidel. Erieesmärgid 4.7-4.9 toetavad heaolu kasvu, sh majandusliku jõukuse saavutamist, panustades haridussüsteemi muutmisele tööturu nõudlusele vastavaks. See on eriti oluline ettevõtetele kvalifitseeritud tööjõu olemasolu tagamiseks, mis omakorda on ettevõtlussektori konkurentsivõime üheks alustalaks. Erieesmärkides pakutud tegevused lahendavad otseselt või kaudselt ettevõtete tööjõu leidmisega seotud probleeme, tõstavad töötajate tööoskusi ning suurendavad seeläbi ettevõtete konkurentsivõimet rahvusvahelistel turgudel konkureerida. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Kirjeldada täpsemalt, milliseid tuleviku töö ja ühiskonna oskusi ja võtmepädevusi, läbivaid oskusi ja digioskusi toetatakse. Et toetatud oleks õppijate, praeguste ja tuleviku töötajate mitmekesiste oskuste ja tuleviku ühiskonna kriitilise tähtsusega oskuste omandamine. 2. Tööturumeetmeid disainides tuleb arvestada ka arengutega tööturul ning muuhulgas ka tööturgu varitseva pandeemilise kontekstiga, nagu kasvav kaugtöö ja kodukontori osakaal, platvormi töö, digivahendite (digitööriistade) suurem osakaal töös. Tööturumeetmed, tugiteenused peaks võtma arvesse ka muutuvat töö iseloomu ja 49 50 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist erinevate töövormide, tööviiside paljusust. Inimese töösuhe ja töökoht võib olla korraldatud mitmel erineval viisil, sh mitme erineva tööandja juures. Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisus Erieesmärgid ja nende raames kirjeldatud tegevused aitavad tööturu ja hariduse vaatest kaudselt kaasa Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisusele, tõstes õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimekaoga inimeste; hariduse ja noorte ning sotsiaalkaitsevaldkonna töötajate õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi), teadmisi. Haritum ja koolitatud elanikkond teadvustab ja toetab enda tegevusega kogukonnas kultuuri, kultuuriruumi püsima jäämist. Eesmärgid mõjutavad Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisust pigem kaudselt – hoitum ja tervem ühiskond, mis loob võrdsemaid ühiskonnaelus osalemise võimalusi, toetab kultuuriruumi elujõulisemaid kandjaid („Kultuuriruumi ulatuse“ eesmärki Säästev Eesti 21 mõistes). Otsene mõju on haridust puudutavatel eesmärkidel (4.8-4.10) kultuuriruumi elujõulisusele ja funktsionaalsusele. Samuti toetab kultuuriruumi elujõulisust eesmärk 4.4 Eesti keel ja lõimumine läbi keeleõppe, kohanemis-ja lõimumistegevuste, mis on oluliseks osaks Eesti kultuuriruumis toimimisele ning omab positiivset mõju kultuuriruumi jätkusuutlikkusele. Sisserändajate ja teistest rahvustest elanike keeleõppe, lõimumise ja kohanemise toetamine suurendab eesti keele rääkijate ning eesti kultuuri kandjate hulka. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3.5 Inimestele Lähedasem Eesti Tabel 3.5-1. Poliitikaeesmärgi Inimestele Lähedasem Eesti kavandatavad erieesmärgid, nende meetmed ja peamised rahastatavad tegevussuunad Meede Peamised tegevused 5 Poliitikaeesmärk 5: Inimestele lähedasem Eesti 5.1 Linnapiirkondade arendamine 5.1.1 Regionaalareng Suuremate linnapiirkondade arendamine (sh linnaruumi arendamine, targa linna pilootlahendused, elurikkuse suurendamine tiheasutusaladel) (linnapiirkonnad Ida-Virus ja Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu) 5.2 Piirkondade konkurentsivõime tugevdamine 5.2.1 Regionaalareng Regionaalse ettevõtluse ja kohalike avalike teenuste toetamine (sh elu- ja ettevõtluskeskkonna arendamine, avalike teenuste kättesaadavuse ja kvaliteedi parandamine, investeeringud vee infrastruktuuri, KOV võimekuse tõstmine) Tabel 3.5-2. Poliitikaeesmärgi Inimestele Lähedasem Eesti kavandatu vastavus keskkonnaeesmärkidele SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele (sh kliimamuutuste Erieesmärgil 5.1 on otsene positiivne mõju kliimamuutuste mõju vähendamisele eeldusel, et leevendamine, kliimamuutustega kohanemine) ja puhas suuremate linnapiirkondade arendamise puhul on olemas vähemalt üks (tavaliselt mitu) strateegiline dokument, näiteks asjakohane strateegia, programm või tegevuskava, koos energia kindlate keskkonnaeesmärkidega. Peamised tegevused, mis on meetme 5.1.1. all ette nähtud - 51 52 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist (targa linna pilootlahendused, elurikkuse suurendamine tiheasutusaladele jne) on positiivse Säästev transport, piirkondade parema ligipääsetavuse mõjuga vähendamaks mõju kliimamuutustele. tagamine Oluline on siinkohal enne täpsemate meetmete rahastamist ja rakendamist analüüsida linnapiirkondade olukorda, et mis on rohelisema ja keskkonnasõbralikuma linnakeskkonna Säästev tarbimine ja tootmine (jäätmetekke vähendamine, saavutamiseks vajalik. Nt on Tallinna puhul oluliseks peetud tegevuste planeerimisel esmalt strateegiliste valdkondlike dokumentide vastuvõtmine ja kehtestamine (ja seal sätestatud puhas ringmajandus) prioriteetsed tegevusvaldkonnad ja eesmärgid) ning peale tegevuste elluviimist ka strateegiatele vastavuse regulaarne hindamine. Parendamist vajavad ühistranspordi süsinikukoormus ning Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamine liiklusest ja tööstusest tingitud müra, mis on liiga kõrged. Tallinnal tuleb oluliselt vähendada mahajäämust olmejäätmete ringkasutusse võtmisel. Samuti tuleks kasuks, kui linnale kuuluv autopark kasutaks ainult rohelist energiat.14 Suurte linnapiirkondade arendamine vajab jätkuvat tähelepanu ning seal rakendatavad lahendused peaksid olemas keskkonna heaolu toetavad, nt looduspõhiste lahenduse kasutuselevõtt sademevee immutamiseks jms. Inimestele Lähedasema Eesti saavutamisel on kriitilisem maakondlike teenuskeskuste säilimise toetamine ja ääremaalistes piirkondades töökohtade tagamine, mis aitaks vähendada sundliikumisi. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. MH aruande aluseks olevas rakenduskava tööversioonis puuduvad veel vajalikud mõõdikud, mida antud poliitikaeesmärgi toetusmeetmete abil soovitakse saavutada ja parendada. 2. Erieesmärgi 5.2 puhul tuleks kaaluda ka regionaalsete eripärade arvestamist ja rõhutamist (nt vee infrastruktuuri toetamisel tugineda omavalitsuse üldplaneeringus määratud tiheasustusaladele). 3. Ääremaalistes piirkondades tuua erieesmärgi 5.2 puhul välja paindlikumad teenuslahendused (liigub teenusepakkuja, mitte tarbija). 14 https://cdn.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/seitsme -euroopa-rohelise-pealinna-vordlus.pdf www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist 4. Rõhutada on vaja pealinnaregioonist ja suurematest linnadest kaugemale jäävate omavalitsuste koolitusvajadust. Erieesmärk 5.2 toetab avalike teenuste kättesaadavust, mis mh näeb ette investeeringuid puhtama linna- ja looduskeskkonna heaolu tagamisse, nt investeeringud vee infrastruktuuri, millel oleks oluline positiivne mõju Eesti veekogude seisundi parandamiseks. Tervis ja elukvaliteet Eesmärk 5.1.1 toetab tervist ja elukvaliteeti eelkõige suuremates linnapiirkondades, sh meetmete läbi, mis toetavad tervist mitmekülgselt (nt elurikkus tiheasustusaladel toetab vaba aja veetmise võimalusi ning on kasulik tervisele). Linnaruumi arendamine ja targa linna lahendused aitavad eeldatavalt kaasa Säästva Eesti 21 eesmärgi „Heaolu kasv“ täitmisele, mh ruumi turvalisuse saavutamisele (inimeste tervisliku seisundi paranemine, kuritegevuse vähendamine). Eesmärk 5.2.1. toetab ettevõtluse (parem majanduslik sissetulek) ja avalike teenuste (nende kättesaadavuse ja kvaliteedi, sh infrastruktuuride kvaliteedi) kaudu elanike toimetulekut ja panustab Säästva Eesti 21 eesmärki „Heaolu kasv“. Sidus ühiskond (sotsiaalne kaasatus, regionaalne tasakaal ja Regionaalselt tasakaalustavat positiivset mõju omab poliitikaeesmärgi erieesmärkide vaheline tugev kodanikuühiskond) ja sisene toetuste ja investeeringute jaotus – nimelt see, et valdav osa on investeeringutest kavandatakse suunata erieesmärgi 5.2. „Piirkondade konkurentsivõime tugevdamine“ saavutamiseks (81%), mille raames on välistatud abikõlbulike piirkondade seast Eesti kõige arenenum regioon – Tallinna pealinnaregioon. Lisaks sellele, et piirkondliku arengu erieesmärgi (5.2.2) sihtpiirkondade seast on välistatud Tallinna linnapiirkond, on kavas erilist tähelepanu suunata Kagu-Eesti ja Ida-Viru piirkondadele, mis mõlemad toetavad regionaalse tasakaalustatuse strateegilist eesmärki. Mõlema erieesmärgi tegevuste rakendamisel kavandatakse kasutada kohapõhise regionaalarengu kontseptsiooniga kooskõlaliselt maakondlikke strateegiaid, kus prioriteetide seadmine ja otsused projektide rahastamise osas võiks ideaalis jääda regionaalsele tasandile (täpsem rakendusmudel hetkel teadmata). 53 54 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Muuhulgas kavandatakse ka KOV-teenuste koostöös osutamise mudelite välja arendamist ja rakendamist ning regionaalsete võrgustike toimimist, mis toetavad regioonide funktsionaalse sidususe kasvu. Ettevõtetele suunatud tegevused kompenseerivad osaliselt PO1 (Nutikam Eesti) regionaalset ebavõrdsust suurendavaid mõjusid, seda eeldusel, et meetmete disainil pööratakse tähelepanu ka ettevõtete tegevuse teadmusmahukuse tõstmisele ning teadmussiirde jõudmisele väljapoole Tallinna ja Tartu linnaregioone. Linnapiirkondade arendamise erieesmärgi (5.1,) tegevuste regionaalselt tasakaalustav mõju on võimalikust oluliselt tagasihoidlikum, kuivõrd suurem osa kohustuslikust 8% ERDF investeeringust säästvasse linnalise arengusse on määratud kolme enim arenenud linnaregiooni liikuvuse arendamiseks ning väiksem osa jagatud 5 linnapiirkonna vahel, sh ka vähemaarenenud Ida-Viru linnapiirkonnad. Laiemas kontekstis tasakaalustab seda kahtlemata ÕÜF vahendite suunamine üksnes Ida-Virumaale. Linnapiirkondade arendamise erieesmärgi (5.1.1) tegevused keskenduvad muuhulgas targa linna pilootlahendustele, mille puhul on mõistlik kaaluda võrgustikupõhist lähenemist, kus lahendusi töötatakse välja kõigi linnapiirkondade koostöös. KSH tähelepanekud/ettepanekud: 1. MH aruande aluseks olevas rakenduskava tööversioonis puuduvad regionaalse arengu tasakaalustatuse ja regioonide funktsionaalse sidususe indikaatorid.. Ettepanek on sellised indikaatorid rakenduskavasse lisada. Heaolu kasv (sh majanduslik jõukus, turvalisuse tase ja Erieesmärgil 5.2 on potentsiaal toetada majandusliku heaolu kasvu läbi regionaalse ettevõtluskeskkonna arendamise. Heaolu kasvule aitavad kaasa ka linnaruumi võimaluste mitmekesisus) arendamismeetmed, mis tõstavad elukeskkonna atraktiivsust ja linnade konkurentsivõimet. Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisus Erieesmärgid 5.1 ja 5.2 toetavad Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisust kaudselt läbi elu- ja majanduskeskkonna parendamise, mis omakorda toetab positiivselt kultuuriruumi ulatust läbi elujõulisemate kultuurikandjate. Eesmärk 5.1 toetab suuremate linnapiirkondade arengut ja linnaruumi arengut, millel võib, kuid ei pruugi olla positiivne mõju kultuuriruumi elujõulisusele materiaalse pärandi (nt ehituspärand) ja loodava uue ruumikvaliteedi (sh arhitektuuri, maastikuarhitektuuri) mõistes. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Samas on mõju suurlinnapiirkondade keskne ja seega selektiivne, st linnaruumi arengut väärtustatakse vaid suurlinnades, mitte maakonnakeskustes või väiksemates linnades. 55 56 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 3.6 Õiglase Ülemineku Fond Tabel 3.6-1. Poliitikaeesmärgi Õiglase Ülemineku Fond kavandatavad erieesmärgid, nende meetmed ja peamised rahastatavad tegevussuunad Meede Peamised tegevused 6 Poliitikaeesmärk 6: Õiglase Üleminu Fond 6.1 Tegevussuund 1: Mitmekesine ja nutikas ettevõtluse areng 6.1.1 Ida-Viru ettevõtluse investeeringute toetus Põhivarainvesteeringute kulud ja võrkude liitumise ning projekteerimiskulud, mis on seotud (sh tööstus) järgmiste tegevustega: a) uue ettevõtte / üksuse asutamine või uue toote tootmine, loomaks uusi, kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohti; b) tootmisprotsessi ümberkorraldamine, säilitamaks olemasolevaid ja loomaks uusi töökohti ning tagamaks ettevõtte jätkusuutlikkus ja kooskõla kliimaneutraalsuse eesmärkidega. Lisandväärtus töötaja kohta peab vastama vähemalt projekti tegevusala keskmisele. 6.1.2 Ida-Viru ettevõtluse teadmus-mahukuse Rakendusuuringu läbiviimine; tootearenduse läbiviimine; rakendusuuringule või kasvatamise toetus tootearendusele teostatavusuuringu läbiviimine; rakendusuuringu või tootearenduse tulemusel valminud intellektuaalomandi esmakaitse taotlemine; rakendusuuringu või tootearendusele elluviimiseks vajaliku toetuse saaja või äriühingust partneri töötajate koolitamine, alginvesteeringud materiaalsesse ja/või immateriaalsesse varasse seoses ettevõtte toodangu mitmekesistamisega toodetega, mida ei ole veel ettevõttes toodetud. Ettevõtete teadlikkuse tõstmine kaasaegsete tehnoloogiate võimalustest ja tehnoloogia arendamiseks vajalikest tegevustest; Teadus- ja arendustegevuse toetamine kohalikes teadusasutustes ettevõtete vajadustele vastavates vastavatest uurimissuundades. Uurimisteemade rahastamine toimub uurimisgrantide kaudu. Grantide rahastamisel on olulisel kohal ettevõtjate osalus teemapüstitusel, samuti ettevõtete hinnangud ja tagasiside; Uute teadlaste värbamine ning rahvusvahelise koostöö edendamine eesmärgiga tutvustada maailma eesliinitehnoloogiaid ja tugevdada teadus- ja arendusasutuste uurimissuundi; TA asutuste ja ettevõtete ühiskasutuses olevate laborite arendamine nt testimiskeskused, living- lab’sid, demokeskused vms; www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 6 Poliitikaeesmärk 6: Õiglase Üleminu Fond Teavitus- ja populariseerimistegevused valitud uurimissuundades; Piirkonna siirdeprotsesside seire ja hindamine. 6.1.3 Ettevõtluse mitmekesistamise tugiteenused Uute ettevõtete loomist ning tegutsevate ettevõtete suutlikkust toetavate tugiteenuste mahu suurendamine; Piirkondliku ettevõtluskeskkonna elavdamine, sh iduettevõtete ökosüsteemi ning turismi- ja loomevaldkonna tugiteenuste arendamine; Piirkonda välisinvesteeringute kaasamise tugiteenuste pakkumise mahu suurendamine; Piirkonna tutvustamine välisinvesteeringute ja turismi sihtkohana ning kaasaegse elukeskkonnana. Lisaks, võiks antud meetmest toetada ka ettevõtlustaristut, näiteks: - Narva tööstusinkubaatori rajamist, sh inkubatsiooniteenuse kui tugiteenuse väljaarendamist; - Robootika/tööstusautomaatika arendus- ja koolituskeskuse rajamist; - „Kultuurikiirendi“ loomist (vt Kultuuriministeeriumi esialgne ettepanek). 6.1.4 Väikeettevõtluse toetus Uute VKE’de loomine; Uue toote, teenuse või tehnoloogia loomine; Protsesside ümberkujundamine või loomine; Investeeringud teadusesse ja innovatsiooni ning kõrgtehnoloogiale ülemineku edendamine; Investeeringud taskukohase puhta energia tehnoloogia ja taristu kasutuselevõttu, KHG heite vähendamisse, energiatõhussusse ja taastuvenergiasse; Investeeringud digitaliseerimisse; Investeeringud ringmajanduse edendamisse jäätmete vähendamise, sh jäätmetekke vältimine, ressursitõhusus, korduskasutamine, parandamine ja ringlussevõtt. 57 58 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 6 Poliitikaeesmärk 6: Õiglase Üleminu Fond 6.1.5 Töölt-tööle liikumise ning töötajate ümber- Töölt- tööle liikumise toetus. profileerimise toetused põlevkivisektori Täiend- ja ümberõpe, milles osalemine toetab põlevkivisektorist väljuvate inimeste sujuvat töötajatele tööalast üleminekut teise valdkonda või ümberprofileerumist samas ettevõttes. 6.1.6 Ida-Viru täiendkoolituse mahu suurendamine Tegevustena on mh kavandatud formaalse ja mitteformaalse hariduse tihedam lõimimine, ning uute tasemeõppe õppekavade haridusvaldkonna tihedam lõimimine teiste eluvaldkondadega (nt ettevõtlus, turism), arendamine ja käivitamine kutse- ja digipädevuste arendamine, elukestva õppe juurutamine, kutsehariduse tõhusam sidumine kõrghariduses ettevõtjate vajadustega, kõrghariduses uute õppekavade väljatöötamine ja kvaliteetse koolituse pakkumine. Olulised valdkonnad on ka keskkonna- ja rohetehnoloogiad, taastuvenergia, ringmajandusharud, vesiniku tootmine ja turismisektor aga ka kultuurivaldkond ja loomemajandus. 6.2 Tegevussuund 2. Atraktiivne elukeskkond 6.2.1 Kaugkütte lahti sidumine põlevkivist Investeeringutoetuse andmisega toetatakse säästlikumale energiatarbimisele (energiatõhusus, taastuvenergia) üleminekut soojuse ja kus võimalik ka elektrienergia tootmisel. Fossiilkütusel katelseadmed renoveeritakse taastuvkütuseid kasutavateks katelseadmeteks või koostootmisjaamadeks kuni 150 MW ulatuses. Piisava soojuskoormusega piirkondade (nt Narva linn) soojusega varustamisel on mõistlik panustada koostootmisjaama (võimsus ca 25 MWe/75 MWt), mujal katlamajade rajamisse. 6.2.2 Põlevkivi kaevandamise ja töötlemisega Sekkumine koosneb kolmest tegevusest: seotud keskkonna-probleemide lahendamine Piirkondlike põlevkivi kaevandamise ja töötlemise pärandmõjude likvideerimine ning ja tervisekahjude vähendamine vähendamine, sh: - Kohtla-Järve suletud tööstusjäätmete ja poolkoksi prügila suurema põlenguala sulgemislahenduse rekonstrueerimine, - Ida-Virumaal riikliku tähtsusega jääkreostusobjektide ohutustamine, - Suletud kaevanduste varingute ja vajumite likvideerimine, - Kaevandamisega rikutud ja mahajäetud ehitusmaavarade karjääride korrastamine, - Põlevkivi kaevandamise tagajärjel rikutud Kurtna järvede veerežiimi taastamine, www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 6 Poliitikaeesmärk 6: Õiglase Üleminu Fond - Ida-Virumaa ühisveevärgi varustuskindluse uuring; - Ohtlike jäätmete käitluse piirkondlik arendamine, sh Vaivara ohtlike jäätmete prügila laiendamine, mille uute kärgede väljaehitamine loob tervikliku taristu; - Kemikaalide riskide hindamise partnerluse (PARC) tegevused ja biomonitooring, mis on üks tõhusamaid meetodeid elu- ja töökeskkonnast pärinevate looduslike ja sünteetiliste ühenditega kokkupuute hindamiseks. Lisaks, võib kaaluda antud meetme raames tööstuspärandi säilitamist ja kasutuselevõttu uutes funktsioonides. 6.2.3 Ühiskondlikku muutust toetavate sotsiaal- ja Koostöös kohaliku tasandi otsustajatega (sh omavalitsusliit) on kavas viia aastatel 2022-2025 terviseteenuste arendamine piirkonna sotsiaal- ja tervisevaldkonnas võimekuse tõstmise programm, mis sisaldab muuseas: - Eakatele ja puudega inimestele suunatud koduteenuste arendamist ning nende kvaliteedi parandamist; - Motivatsioonipaketi loomist piirkonda tööle tulevatele sotsiaal- ja tervisevaldkonnavaldkonna töötajatele; - Kolmandatest riikidest tulevate tervishoiu valdkonna spetsialistide kohanemiseprogrammi (mentorlus, erialase oskuskeele õpe, kvalifikatsiooni hindamine) pakkumine; - Kriisisündmuse üle elanud inimestele psühhosotsiaalse abi ja toetuse kättesaadavuse tagamine läbi esmareageerijate ja spetsiifiliste teenuste osutajate koolitamise ning võrgustikutöö tugevdamist; - Innovatsiooniprogramm uudsete lahenduste/teenuste välja töötamiseks ja rakendamiseks tervise- ja sotsiaalvaldkonnas; - Investeeringud taristusse, mis teenindab sotsiaalkaitse sektorit. 6.2.4 Omavalitsuste ja keskvalitsuse investeeringud Põhivarainvesteeringute kulud, võrkude liitumise ning projekteerimiskulud. sotsiaalse sidususe suurendamiseks 59 60 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Meede Peamised tegevused 6 Poliitikaeesmärk 6: Õiglase Üleminu Fond 6.2.5 Piirkondlike algatuste toetus õiglaseks Meetmes on ette nähtud kahte tüüpi sekkumisi: üleminekuks 1) Väiksemate investeeringute toetus, mille raames toetatakse piirkonna partnerite algatatud põhivarainvesteeringud õiglase ülemineku toetamiseks, sh avalike teenuste arendus ja taristu "noorendamine“; 2) „Pehmete tegevuste“ toetuse raames toetatakse piirkonna partnerite algatatud projektid õiglase ülemineku toetamiseks, sh järgmistes valdkondades: haridus ja sotsiaalne kaasatus; oskuste (sh ettevõtlus- ja keeleoskuse) arendamine; keskkonnateadlikkuse, energiatõhususe, taastuvenergia ja ringmajanduse edendamine; digitaliseerimine; sotsiaalne-, kultuuri- jm innovatsioon; kohaliku identiteedi (sh tööstuspärandi ja kohaliku kultuuri) säilimine / arendamine / lahti mõtestamine; noortele suunatud / noorte algatatud tegevused nagu noorte talentide programm, tänavakunsti festivalid jm; üritused kogukondade loomiseks, võrgustumiseks ja „kodutunde“ loomiseks, sh üle-riigiliste katusorganisatsioonide Ida-Virumaalee laiendamine; erivajadustega inimeste võimaluste parandamine; vabatahtlikute tegevuste arendamine sotsiaalvaldkonnas ja muud tegevused, mis panustavad õiglase ülemineku eesmärki. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Tabel 3.6-2. Poliitikaeesmärgi Õiglase Ülemineku Fond kavandatu vastavus keskkonnaeesmärkidele Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Strateegilisele keskkonnaeesmärgile aitavad kaasa tegevussuuna 1 tegevused 6.1.1-6.1.4, mis panustavad piirkonna ettevõtete tegevuse tagamisele ja nende kohanemisele planeeritud muudatustega. Need tegevused toetavad ettevõtlussektori arengut kliimamuutustega kohanemisel. Suund on vastavuses „Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukava aastani 2030“ eesmärgiga soodustada kliimamuutuste mõjudega arvestavat ettevõtlust. Strateegilisele keskkonnaeesmärgile aitavad kaasa ka tegevussuuna 1 tegevused 6.1.5-6.1.6, mis toetavad majandusvaldkondi töötajatele uute oskuste omandamisel ja pakuvad inimestele vajalikke täienduskoolitusvõimalusi. Suund on vastavuses „Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukava aastani 2030“ eesmärgiga toetada haridusasutuste kliimamuutuste mõjuga kohanemist. Strateegilist keskkonnaeesmärki toetab kaudsemalt ka tegevussuund 1 (6.1) laiemalt, edendades hariduses nii täiendkoolitust kui tasemeõppes (ja seda nii kutse- kui kõrghariduses) uute õppekavade loomet, lisaks Vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele (sh edendades formaalse ja mitteformaalse hariduse tihedamat lõimingut, haridusevaldkonna tihedamat lõimingut teiste eluvaldkondadega, kvaliteetset koolitust ning koolitades piirkonna koolitajaid. kliimamuutuste leevendamine, kliimamuutustega Täiendkoolituse mahu suurendamine ja uued tasemeõppe õppekavad toetavad tööjõu uute ja kohanemine) ja puhas energia tulevikuoskuste arengut, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate ning piirkonnale kasulike töökohtade loomist. Uued keskkonnale kasulikumad, „rohelisemad“ ja tervislikumad töökohad aitavad piirkonnas vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele ja elu- ning töökeskkonnale. Mõju kliimamuutustele vähendab ja puhta energia kasutamist toetab kaudselt ka tegevussuund 2, inspireerides hariduse ja oskuste aspektist piirkondlikke algatusi hariduse valdkonnas nt oskuste arendamiseks, digitaliseerimiseks, samuti keskkonnateadlikkuse kasvuks, keskkonnateemadest energiatõhususe, taastuvenergia ja ringmajanduse kogukondlikuks edendamiseks. Eelnev toetab tööjõu uute ja tulevikuoskuste arengut, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate töökohtade loomist. Uued keskkonnale kasulikumad, „rohelisemad“ töökohad aitavad piirkonnas vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele ja elu- ning töökeskkonnale. Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud on teadlikum keskkonnaväljakutsetest ja oskab kasutada uudseid, keskkonnasäästlikumaid tehnoloogiaid, töövõtteid, tehnikaid, meetodeid jne. Neil on selleks sobilikud 61 62 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist digipädevused ja üld- ning erialased oskused. Aktiivselt end töiselt ja erialaselt täiendav tööotsija, töötaja on teadlikum ühiskonna väljakutsetest, sh kliimamuutuste negatiivsetest mõjudest. Seda eriti siis, kui keskkonnaharidus on loomulik osa kõigi erialade ja ainete õpetusest. KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1) Mõju kliimamuutustele vähendaks ja puhta energia kasutamist toetaks otseselt ka tegevussuuna 2 all hariduse tasemeõppes õppekavade täiendamine, sh keskkonnahariduse ja säästva arengu teadmiste, arengute, oskustega arvestamine, võimendades selliselt kirjeldatud tegevuse „Põlevkivi kaevandamise ja töötlemisega seotud keskkonnaprobleemide lahendamine ja tervisekahjude vähendamine“ kasulikkust piirkonnale ja laiemalt keskkonnateadlikkuse, - teadmiste tõusu ühiskonnas. Kirjeldatud tegevustes võiks rõhutada keskkonnahariduse tähtsust ja vajalikkust õppekavades, tasemeõppes, täiendkoolituses. 2) Hariduse vaatevinklist, mõju kliimamuutustele vähendab ja puhta energia kasutamist toetavad tegevsuuna 1 all kirjeldatud olulised valdkonnad nagu keskkonna- ja rohetehnoloogiad, taastuvenergia, ringmajandusharud jt valdkonnad, ent täpsustatud ei ole, kuidas neid valdkondi hariduse tasemeõppes ja/või täiend- ja ümberõppes kasutatakse. Säästev transport, piirkondade parema Strateegilisi keskkonnaeesmärke toetabkaudselt tegevussuund 1, edendades hariduses nii täiendkoolitust kui tasemeõppes (ja seda nii kutse- kui kõrghariduses) uute õppekavade loomet, lisaks edendades ligipääsetavuse tagamine formaalse ja mitteformaalse hariduse tihedamat lõimingut, haridusevaldkonna tihedamat lõimingut teiste eluvaldkondadega, edendades kvaliteetset koolitust ja koolitades piirkonna koolitajaid. Täiendkoolituse Säästev tarbimine ja tootmine (jäätmetekke mahu suurendamine, uued tasemeõppe õppekavad toetavad tööjõu uute ja tulevikuoskuste arengut, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate ning piirkonnale kasulike töökohtade loomist. vähendamine, puhas ringmajandus) Strateegilisi keskkonnaeesmärke toetab toetab kaudselt ka tegevussuund 2, inspireerides hariduse ja oskuste aspektist piirkondlikke algatusi hariduse valdkonnas nt oskuste arendamiseks, Bioloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamine digitaliseerimiseks, samuti keskkonnateadlikkuse kasvuks, keskkonnateemadest energiatõhususe, taastuvenergia ja ringmajanduse kogukondlikuks edendamiseks. Eelnev toetab tööjõu uute ja tulevikuoskuste arengut, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate töökohtade loomist. Uued keskkonnale kasulikumad, „rohelisemad“ ja trevislikumad töökohad aitavad piirkonnas vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele ja elu- ning töökeskkonnale. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud on teadlikum keskkonnaväljakutsetest ja oskab kasutada uudseid, keskkonnasäästlikumaid tehnoloogiaid, töövõtteid, tehnikaid, meetodeid jne. Neil on selleks sobilikud digipädevused ja üld- ning erialased oskused. Tervis ja elukvaliteet Inimese tervise ja elukvaliteedi parandamist toetavad tegevussuunad 1 ja 2 läbi ettevõtete tegevuse soodustamise, mis pakub kohalikele elanikele paremaid tööturu võimalusi ning atraktiivsema elukeskkonna edendamise. Erieesmärgid 6.1.1, 6.1.3 ja 6.1.4 toetavad keskkonnaeesmärgi saavutamist läbi uute ettevõtete ja kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtade loomise, mis pakuvad paremaid töötamise võimalusi, sissetulekute kasvu ning seeläbi parandavad inimeste elukvaliteeti. Inimese elukvaliteedi parandamist toetab tegevussuund 1, pakkudes inimestele vajalikke täienduskoolitusvõimalusi ja muutes kohaliku haridussüsteemi, sh õppekavade sisu vastavalt kohalikele oludele. Erieesmärgid 6.1.5 ja 6.1.6 toetavad ebavõrdses olukorras olevate elanike täiendus- ja ümberõpet teise valdkonda tööle liikumiseks, sh selleks vajalike erinevate pädevuste arendamist. See parandab regionaalselt inimeste võimalusi uue töö leidmiseks ja samuti elukvaliteeti piirkonnas. Inimeste tervise ja elukvaliteedi parandamist toetavad hariduse tasemeõppe aspektist tegevussuunad 1 ja 2 laiemalt, edendades hariduses nii täiendkoolitust kui tasemeõppes uute õppekavade loomet, ja seda nii kutse- kui kõrghariduses, aga ka kogukondliku algatusena. Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud hoolib enam ja on teadlikum enda tervisest, oskab sellele tähelepanu pöörata ja seostada keskkonnariskide, - probleemidega. Täiendkoolituse mahu suurendamine, uued tasemeõppe õppekavad toetavad tööjõu uute ja tulevikuoskuste arengut, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate töökohtade loomist. Uued kaasaegsed keskkonnasäästlikud lahendused ja tehnoloogiad ning kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohad aitavad hoida inimeste, töötajate tervist (nt vähem müra, vähem reostust, puhtam õhk, keskkonnasäästlikumad ja tervislikumad, looduslikumad materjalid jmt). Töötajate haridustaseme ja oskuste taseme tõus aitab neil kauem ja tervena hõives püsida ja tõstab nende elukvaliteeti. Sidus ühiskond (sotsiaalne kaasatus, regionaalne Õiglase ülemineku mehhanismi meetmetega kavandatakse vähemarenenud ja majanduskeskkonna tasakaal ja tugev kodanikuühiskond) muutusest (EL roheleppest tulenevad eesmärgid) ohustatud piirkonda – Ida-Virumaale – investeerida 354 miljonit eurot ettevõtluse ja elukeskkonna arendamiseks. Suurem osa investeeringutest kavandatakse 63 64 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist suunata regiooni majandusstruktuuri uuenemise toetamiseks (77%), sh olulisena ka ettevõtluse teadmusmahukuse suurendamisele. Sellel on oluline positiivne mõju Eesti regionaalse tasakaalustatuse strateegilisse eesmärki ning ka Ida-Viru kui funktsionaalse regiooni tugevnemisele arendustegevuse subjektina. Sidusa ühiskonna kujunemist toetavad tegevussuunad 1 ja 2, panustades ettevõtluse arengu soodustamisele ja tagades sellega regionaalset tasakaalu ülejäänud Eesti piirkondadega. Sidusa ühiskonna arengut toetavad hariduse tasemeõppe aspektist suunad 1 ja 2, edendades hariduses nii täiendkoolitust kui tasemeõppes uute õppekavade loomet ja seda nii kutse- kui kõrghariduses aga ka kogukondliku algatusena. Sidusa ühiskonna kujunemist toetab suund 1, panustades Ida-Viru tööturu ja haridussüsteemi tingimuste parandamisse, mis omakorda soodustab tugevama kodanikuühiskonna teket ja sotsiaalset kaasatust. Sellega paranevad praeguse ja tuleviku tööjõu oskused, haridustase ja kvalifikatsioon. Töökoht ja sissetulek annavad inimesele majandusliku ja sotsiaalse turvatunde, võimaldades tegutseda aktiivse ühiskonnaliikmena kogukonnas. Meetmed aitavad vähendada ja pidurdada tööturu, tööhõive ja oskuste regionaalset tasakaalutust, toetades kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtade loomet ning toetavad praeguse ja tuleviku tööjõu konkurentsivõimet tööturul. Kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtadel on keskmisest kõrgem palk, see parandab tööjõu ja piirkonna sotsiaalmajanduslikku toimetulekut ning heaolu. Ühe piirkonna sihistatud toetamine aitab parandada piirkonnas sotsiaalset sidusust ja regionaalset tasakaalu võrreldes teiste piirkondadega. Heaolu kasv (sh majanduslik jõukus, turvalisuse tase Majandusliku heaolu kasvu toetab tegevussuund 1, sest see on otseselt seotud Ida-Viru piirkondade ettevõtluskeskkonna konkurentsivõimelise ja jätkusuutliku arengu edendamisega. Suund on vastavuses ja võimaluste mitmekesisus) „Säästva Eesti 21“ eesmärgiga tõsta heaolu, sh majanduslikku jõukust läbi väljaõppe parandamise majanduse arengu alusena. Heaolu kasvu toetab suund 1, sest see on otseselt seotud Ida-Viru piirkondade haridusvõimaluste suurendamisega tõstes Ida-Viru täiendkoolituse mahtu ning uute tasemeõppe õppekavade arendamist ja käivitamist kutse- ja kõrghariduses. Suund on vastavuses: ELi säästva arengu strateegia eesmärgiga tugevdada kvaliteetsest haridusest kõikidel haridustasanditel säästva arengu saavutamiseks; ELi elurikkuse strateegia aastani 2030 eesmärgiga parandada haridust ja oskusi; Säästva Eesti 21 eesmärgiga tõsta heaolu, läbi haridussüsteemi ja väljaõppe parandamise majanduse arengu alusena; EL-i Läänemere piirkonna arengu strateegia eesmärgiga suurendada piirkonna atraktiivsust, eelkõige läbi hariduse. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist Heaolu kasvu toetavad hariduse tasemeõppe aspektist suunad 1 ja 2, edendades hariduses nii täiendkoolitust kui tasemeõppes uute õppekavade loomet ja seda nii kutse- kui kõrghariduses aga ka kogukondliku algatusena. Sellega paranevad praeguse ja tuleviku tööjõu oskused, haridustase ja kvalifikatsioon. Töökoht ja sissetulek annavad inimesele majandusliku ja sotsiaalse turvatunde, võimaldades tegutseda aktiivse ühiskonnaliikmena kogukonnas, aidates seeläbi ka teisi ühiskonnaliikmeid. Meetmed aitavad vähendada, pidurdada tööturu, tööhõive ja oskuste regionaalset tasakaalutust, toetades kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtade loomet ning toetavad praeguse ja tuleviku tööjõu konkurentsivõimet tööturul. Tööjõu järjepidev hariduse, oskuste ja pädevuste tõus toetab kõrgema kvalifikatsiooni ja suurema sissetulekuga, vähem tervist kahjustavate töökohtade teket. Täiendkoolituse mahu suurendamine, uued tasemeõppe õppekavad toetavad tööjõu uute ja tulevikuoskuste arengut, digitaaloskusi, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate ning tervist vähem kahjustavate töökohtade loomist. Uued keskkonnale kasulikumad, „rohelisemad“ töökohad aitavad piirkonnas vähendada mõju kliimamuutustele ja elu- ning töökeskkonnale. Kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga töökohtadel kasutatakse uusi tehnoloogiaid, kaasaegseid töövõtteid, digilahendusi jms. Sellistel töökohtadel on vaja nii digioskusi, oskust koostööd teha kui ka teisi (sektoriti, valdkonniti, haruti) ülekantavaid nii erialaspetsiifilisi kui üldoskusi. Laiemalt paindlikumad töövormid (nt kaugtöö, platvormi töö), mitmekesised töösuhted (nt renditöö), paindlik osalemine tööturul toetavad üldist heaolu kasvu, pakkudes mitmekesiseid võimalusi tööturul ja tööhõives osaleda kõigile ühiskonnagruppidele. Suunad on vastavuses: ELi säästva arengu strateegia eesmärgiga tugevdada kvaliteetset haridust kõikidel haridustasanditel säästva arengu saavutamiseks; ELi elurikkuse strateegia aastani 2030 eesmärgiga parandada teadmisi, haridust ja oskusi; Säästva Eesti 21 eesmärgiga tõsta heaolu, sh majanduslikku jõukust läbi haridussüsteemi ja väljaõppe parandamise majanduse arengu alusena; EL-i Läänemere piirkonna arengu strateegia eesmärgiga suurendada piirkonna atraktiivsust, eelkõige hariduse valdkonna meetmetega; Euroopa rohelise kokkuleppe eesmärgiga „haridus- ja koolitusvaldkonna kaasamine“ toetades tööjõul oskuste omandamist, arengut (konkurentsivõimet tööturul), mis on vajalik, et tööjõul liikuda hääbuvatest sektoritest kasvavatesse sektoritesse; Kliimapoliitika põhialused aastani 2050 kogu majandust hõlmavate poliitikasuunistega kujundada ühiskonna teadlikkust kliimamuutuste leevendamisest ja mõjudega kohanemisest, kliimamuutuste temaatika käsitlemist kõigil haridustasemetel 65 66 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Strateegiline keskkonnaeesmärk (KSH jaoks SPD erieesmärgid, meetmed ja tegevused, mis aitavad või ei aita tagada strateegilise sõnastatud) keskkonnaeesmärgi täitmist ja mitteformaalses keskkonnahariduses; Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukava aastani 2030 prioriteese valdkonna „ühiskond, teadlikkus ja koostöö“ alaeesmärgiga 6, „Teadlikkus kliimamuutustega kaasnevatest riskidest ja võimalustest on suurenenud“, kus teavitus- ja haridusmeetmete eesmärk on toetada koole, vabaharidusasutusi kliimamuutuste mõjuga kohanemisel ja pakkuda vajalikku tuge, et õppekavadesse lõimida kliimamuutuste mõjuga kohanemist. Eesti kultuuriruumi elujõulisus Õiglase ülemineku fond toetab Ida-Virumaal Säästev Eesti 21 alameesmärke – kultuuriruumi ulatust, funktsionaalsust (eesti keele kasutust) ja pidevust (jätkumist muutuvas ühiskonnas) – valdavalt kaudselt läbi kvaliteetsema ja mitmekülgsema ettevõtlus- ja elukeskkonna. Näiteks eesmärk 6.1 toetab Ida-Viru ettevõtluse mitmekülgsust ja selle teadmusmahukust, sh tugiteenuseid, ja väikeettevõtlust, mis tugevdab kultuuriruumi tugevama ühiskonna ja toimivama majanduskeskkonna kaudu. 6.1.6 toetab hariduse (täiendkoolitus, ümberõpe) kaudu nii kultuuriruumi ulatust kui funktsionaalsust. 6.2.3 toetab eelkõige kultuuriruumi kandjaid kaudselt, pakkude sotsiaal-ja terviseteenuste arendamise võimalusi. Teatud eesmärkidel ja tegevustel on otsesem mõju kultuuriruumi teatud komponentidele: näiteks 6.1.3 pöörab tähelepanu ka loomevaldkonna tugiteenuste arendamisele ja (nt ka võimalikule „Kultuurikiirendi“ loomisele), millel on positiivne mõju „Säästev Eesti 21“ kultuuriruumi ulatusele ja pidevuse alaeesmärkidele. Otsesemalt toetavad kultuuriruumi ulatust, funktsionaalsust ja pidevust 6.2.5 erinevad pehmemad tegevused – nt kultuuriinnovatsioon, kohaliku identiteedi (sh tööstuspärandi ja kohaliku kultuuri) säilimine/arendamine/lahtimõtestamine, tänavakunsti festivalid jms, üritused kogukondade loomiseks. Mõju on siin nii materiaalsetele kui mittemateriaalsetele kultuuriruumi komponentidele. Eesmärk 6.2. “Atraktiivsem elukeskkond“ mõjutab eelkõige põlevkivikaevandamise ja pärandmõjude likvideerimist, millel on positiivne mõju maastikele kui kultuuriruumi materiaalsetele kandjatele (kaevandusmaastike korrastamine, ka kaevandusmaastike ohutuks muutmine, mis võimaldab taaskasutust). Tööstuspärandi kasutuselevõtmine uutes funktsioonides toetab Ida-Virumaale piirkondlikult eripärase ehituspärandi (kui materiaalse kultuuri) säilimist15. 15 Tööstuspärandi säilimist on välja toodud eesmärgis 6.2.2 ja 6.2.5, sh 6.2.2 võimaliku meetmena, mistõttu ei ole ühest selgust , kas meede tööstuspärandi säilimis t toetab www.hendrikson.ee  Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 4 VÄLISMÕJUDE ANALÜÜS 4.1 Mõju looduskeskkonnale 4.1.1 Kliimamuutustega seotud mõjud (välisõhu kvaliteet; üleujutused, tormid) Kliimamuutused ei ole tulevikustsenaarium, need toimuvad juba praegu. Lisaks looduslikele jõududele on inimese panus kliimamuutustesse märkimisväärne ning see võimendub ajas üha kasvava rahvaarvu ning tarbimise tulemusel. Me ei saa kliimamuutusi vältida, küll aga saame neid leevendada ja paremini kohaneda kliimamuutuste mõjudega16. Peamised inimtekkelise kliimamuutuse põhjustajad on fossiilkütuste - söe, nafta, gaasi, põlevkivi - põletamine energia tootmises. Valdav osa kasvuhoonegaaside koguheitest tekib energeetikasektoris kütuste põletamisel. 2018. a moodustasid energeetikasektorist, sh transpordist, tulenevad kasvuhoonegaaside heitkogused 88,1 % kogu Eesti kasvuhoonegaaside (edaspidi: KHG) heitest. Eestis põhjustab just põlevkivitööstus üle 70% kogu meie kasvuhoonegaaside heitest. Transpordisektor on energeetika- ja soojatootmise järel suuruselt teine KHG allikas, moodustades 2018. aastal 13,7% energeetikasektori KHG heitkogustest ja 12% kogu Eesti heitest17. Lisaks mõjutab kliimamuutusi põllumajandus (ennekõike ulatuslikum loomakasvatus ning lämmastikku sisaldavate väetiste kasutamine), metsade maharaiumine ja turbamaade kuivandamine. Kliima soojenemise võimalikeks tagajärgedeks on muuhulgas äärmuslike ilmastikuolude sagenemine, üleujutusriski suurenemine ning ebasoodsad mõjud inimeste tervisele ja varale, aga ka jäitepäevade arvu kasv (perioodil 2020-2030 < 7 päeva). Aastaks 2041 on prognoositud sademete hulga suurenemist sõltuvalt stsenaariumist 10% või 14% ja aastaks 2100 16% või 19%. Oluliselt väiksemaks jääb prognooside kohaselt lumikattega päevade arv18. 16 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=SWD:2021:25:FIN&from=EN 17 Eesti tuleviku kliimastsenaariumid aastani 2100“ (saadaval: https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/kliimastsenaariumid_kaur_aruanne_ver190815.pdf 18 Sama, mis eelmine 67 68 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 24. veebruaril 2021. aastal avaldas Euroopa Komisjon kliimamuutustega kohanemist käsitleva ELi uue strateegia „Kliimamuutuste suhtes vastupanuvõimelise Euroopa kujundamine“ (edaspidi Kohanemise strateegia). Kohanemise strateegiaga seatakse pikaajaline eesmärk, et aastaks 2050 on Euroopa Liit kliimamuutuste vältimatute mõjudega täielikult kohanenud ja kliimamuutustele vastupidav ühiskond. Strateegial on neli peamist suunda: muuta kliimamuutuste mõjuga kohanemine targemaks, kiiremaks ja süsteemsemaks ning tõhustada rahvusvahelisi meetmeid kliimamuutustega kohanemiseks. Sellega täiendatakse 2050. aastaks seatud kliimaneutraalsuse eesmärki ja viiakse ELi kohanemise strateegia kooskõlla Pariisi kliimakokkuleppega ja Euroopa kliimaseaduse ettepanekuga. Eestis on olulisemad kliimamuutusi käsitlevad dokumendid Kliimamuutustega kohanemise arengukava aastani 2030 ja Kliimapoliitika põhialused aastani 205019 (edaspidi KPP). Viimane neist sätestab Eesti pikaajalise eesmärgina üle minna vähese süsinikuheitega majandusele, mis tähendab järk-järgult eesmärgipärast majandus- ja energiasüsteemi ümberkujundamist ressursitõhusamaks, tootlikumaks ja keskkonnahoidlikumaks. Samas on KPP koostatud ning vastu võetud ajal (2017), mil nii Eesti kui ka EL ambitsioonid kliimamuutust pidurdada olid praegusest tunduvalt madalamad. Kui praegu on EL võtnud kohustuse saavutada süsinikuneutraalne majandus aastaks 2050 –eesmärk, mida on siseriiklikult kinnitanud ka Eesti valitsus, siis 2017. aastal vastu võetud KPP lähtub eesmärgist vähendada kollektiivset heidet 80% aastaks 2050, võrreldes 1990. aasta tasemega. Sarnaselt tugineb KPP praegu vahe-eesmärgile, et aastaks 2030 tuleb EL-is tervikuna vähendada heitmeid 40%, kuigi praeguseks on Euroopa Komisjon teinud ettepaneku tõsta see eesmärk 55%-ni. Kliimapoliitika põhialused on visioonidokument, milles seatud põhimõtted ja poliitikasuunad tuleks ellu viia valdkondlike arengukavade ja nende uuendamisega. Eestis rakendatakse kliima- ja energiaeesmärke paljude valdkondlike arengukavade kaudu, kuid paraku tervikpilt puudub ja mitmed olulised arengukavad on vastu võetud ajal, mil nii Eesti kui ka EL ambitsioonid kliimamuutust pidurdada olid praegusest tunduvalt madalamad ja kooskõlas värskeimast teadusinfost tulenevate soovitustega, nt Energiamajanduse arengukava aastani 2030.20 Samuti on mitmed olulised arengukavad ja strateegiad jätkuvat uuendamisel. Eestil oleks vaja selgust, kuidas ehk milliste meetmetega ja millistes valdkondades oleks KHG heitmete vähendamine kõige tõhusam 21. Just nendes kokkulepetes pannakse paika meie laiemad suundumused edaspidiseks, seatakse riikidele 19 https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/kliimamuutustega_kohanemise_arengukava_aastani_2030_1.pdf 20 https://media.voog.com/0000/0037/1265/fil es/KPP%26ENMAK%20avamise%20taotlus%20keskkonnauhendustelt.pdf 21 Eesti kliimaambitsiooni tõstmise võimaluste analüüs, SEIT 219 www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne selged eesmärgid ja piirid, millest lähtuda. Nendest peaksid juhinduma omakorda ettevõtted, omavalitsused, kodanikud jne. ➢ KSH juhib tähelepanu, et rakenduskava meetmete ja tegevuste seadmisel tuleb seega ette näha, et toetusmeetmete jagamise hetkel peab arvestama parimat selle aja teaduslikku teadmist ja mitte soodustama kliimaneutraalsusele üleminekut mitte-tagavate tegevuste toetuste soodustamist. ➢ KSH juhib tähelepanu (ja soovitab), et suunatavate meetmetega peavad kaasnema tingimused, et poliitikaeesmärgi all Rohelisem Eesti (ja ka muud toetusmeetmed) puhul rakendatatakse järjest enam toodete ja teenuste hankimisel keskkonnahoidlike hankeid. Keskkonnahoidliku hanke eesmärk on läbi tarbimise mõjutada uudseid keskkonnatehnoloogiaid rakendama ning keskkonnahoidlikke tooteid/teenuseid pakkuma. Kõige otsesemalt avaldavad positiivset mõju kliimamuutuste vähendamisele tegevused, mis on suunatud kliimamõjude vähendamiseks läbi energiatõhususe suurendamise, säästliku energiatarbimise ning kliimamuutustega kohanemise ja valmisoleku tõstmise. Sellesse panustab terviklikult poliitikaeesmärgi Rohelisem Eesti alla kavandatud eesmärgid ja meetmed. Kuna enamik KHG heitkogustest pärineb energeetikasektorist, on selles sektoris ka suurim potentsiaal heitkoguseid vähendada. Positiivne mõju KHG heitkoguste vähendamisele ja piiramisele on vähendada fossiilsete kütuste kasutamist, soodustada taastuvenergia osakaalu suurendamist lõpptarbimises ning biokütuste laialdasemat kasutamist. Kavandatavad ÕÜF tegevussuunad, mis panustavad Ida-Virumaa piirkonna tegevuste tagamisele ja kohanemisele seoses planeeritud eesmärgiga väljuda põlevkivienergeetikast aitab vähendada kliimamuutustega seotud mõjusid. Need tegevused toetavad nii otseselt ja ka kaudselt nii kohaliku ettevõtlussektori arengut kliimamuutustega kohanemisel kui laiemalt elukeskkonna paranemist (nt välisõhu kvaliteedi muutused). Eesmärgi 2.2 säästlik energiatarbimine on ühtlasi ette nähtud meede „Primaarenergia tõhusam kasutus ja taastuvenergia osakaalu suurendamine lõpptarbimises“ (2.2.1) ja selle all tegevusena toetada kaugküttesüsteemide ja katelseadmete renoveerimist ja rajamist, mille puhul vale toetusmeetmete rakendamise korral võib meetmete elluviimisega kaasneda potentsiaalne oluline negatiivne mõju, seades ohtu nii elurikkuse säilimise kui kliima eesmärkide saavutamise. Igasugune taastuvate allikate kasutamine pole keskkonnasõbralik. Alati tuleb lähtuda sellest, kuidas väärtuslikku ressurssi kõige efektiivsemalt kasutusele võtta. Kaugküttekatlamajade ja koostootmisjaamade valdavaks kütuseks on saanud õli või maagaasi asemel biomass, mis tähendab 69 70 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne valdavalt puitkütuseid. Juhul kui katelseadmetes jätkatakse väärtusliku suuremahulist metsapuidu põletamist, avaldab see ebasoodsat mõju, seades ohtu kliima ja elurikkuse eesmärkide tagamise. ➢ KSH ettepanek on meetme 2.2.1 puhul selgemini välja tuua, millised tegevusi toetatakse ja kellele ning mis tingimustel on meede suunatud. Soovitame mitte arvestada tööstuslikku puidupõletamist kui taastuvenergia osakaalu suurendamist. Strateegia „Eesti 2035“ näeb ette KOV-ile suurema rolli andmist avalike teenuste sh keskkonnateenuste pakkumisel. Seega on oluline tegur KOV-i pädevus ja võimekus ning laiemalt kliimamuutuste mõjuga kohanemises pädevate spetsialistide olemasolu. Nii Viimastes OSKA22 roheoskustega seotud uuringutes kui ka ELi uus kliimamuutustega kohanemise strateegiaga seotud kaasamisüritustel on probleemina välja toodud, et tuleb tugevdada ülikoolides vastavates õppekavades kliimamuutustega seotud õpet kui ka kiiremas tempos pakkuda koolitusi kliimamuutustega seotud teemadel. Nimetatud probleemidega aitavad kaudselt tegelda ja on positiivse mõjuga Sotsiaalsem Eesti alla kavandatud meetme 4.9.1 all toetatav tegevus „tööturule vajadustele vastava kutse- ja kõrghariduse omandamine“ ja Inimestele lähedasem Eesti meetme 5.2.1 regionaalareng all ette nähtud tegevus „KOV võimekuse tõstmine“. ➢ KSH ettepanek/soovitus: Kliimaneutraalse majanduskeskkonna saavutamist aitaks paremini tagada, kui läbivalt oleks poliitikaeesmärkide all välja toodud toetusmeetmete tegevused, mis panustaksid ja toetaksid muutusi antud teemaga paremini kohanemiseks, näiteks • Tuleb tugevdada õppekavades kliimamuutustega ja rohetehnoloogiatega seotud õpet; • Tuleb töötada välja metoodilised juhendmaterjalid kliimamuutustega kohanemise rakendamiseks riigi ja KOV tasandil. Säästvate transpordilahenduste soodustamine on positiivse mõjuga, näiteks Rohelisem Eesti meede (2.5.1) „liikuvuse korraldamine“, kus soositakse auto kasutamise asemel eelistama jalgratast ja paranenud ühistransporti, mis lisaks positiivsele kliimamõjule aitab kaasa ka paremale elukeskkonnale linnas, kus on vähem õhusaastet ja ummikuid. Samuti panustab säästva transpordilahenduste poole liikumisele Ühendatum Eesti alla kavandatud meetmed 3.2.1 ja 3.2.2. Samas on Ühendatum Eesti all ette nähtud meede (3.1) “TEN-T maanteede ehitus ja rekonstrueerimine”, millel puudub otsene mõju kliimamuutuste vähendamisele ja puhta energia ehk taastuvenergeetika suurendamisele ning millega võib kaasneda potentsiaalne ebasoodne mõju looduskeskkonnale. Eesti inimesed on jätkuvalt suuresti sõltuvad isiklikust 22 OSKA digi- ja roheoskuste analüüs (koostamisel) www.hendrikson.ee  Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne sõiduvahendist, seega seni kuni ei ole kasvanud inimeste keskkonnateadlikus ja pole toimunud harjumuste muutust ühiskonnas, võib antud meetme rakendamine suurendada autostumise kasvu maanteedel. ➢ KSH üldine soovitus: meetmete elluviimisel, kui on hoomatav konkreetse tegevuse aeg, koht ja ulatus, siis vajadusel viia läbi keskkonnamõjude hindamine. Juba tegevuste planeerimisel arvestada ja minimeerida võimalikke negatiivseid keskkonnamõjusid. Kliimale on oluline positiivne meede samuti 2.3.2 „elupaikade taastamine“. Näiteks on kliima seisukohast mõistlik turvasmuldade kuivendamiseks mõeldud kraavid kinni ajada ja need alad taas looduslikeks märgaladeks muuta. Sellisel juhul hakkaksid need alad süsiniku eraldamise asemel hoopis süsinikku siduma. 4.1.2 Mõju loodusressursside kasutusele (ressursi- ja maakasutus) ja jäätmetekke vähendamisele Mõju loodusressursside kasutusele kui ka jäätmeteke sõltub suurel määral majandusolukorrast, kaubanduse edenemisest ja tarbimisest (majanduskasvu ajal tarbimine suureneb, tekib rohkem jäätmeid, majanduslangus toob aga kaasa tarbimise ja jäätmete vähenemise). Oluline on siin teadlikkuse kasv, säästev tootmine ja tarbimine, terviklik tootearendus, tootjavastutus ning toote keskkonnamõju jälgimine kogu olelustsükli vältel ehk ringmajanduspõhimõtete soodustamine. Alates 2003. aastast näitas jäätmeteke Eestis kasvutendentsi, jõudes 2007. aastal 21,2 miljoni tonnini. Jäätmete märgatav vähenemine toimus 2009. aastal, mil oli majanduskriis, langedes siis peaaegu 2002. aasta tasemele. Alates 2011. aastast on jäätmeteke olnud taas üle 20 miljoni tonni aastas. Kuni aastani 2014. oli jäätmeteke suhteliselt stabiilne, kuid alates 2015. aastast toimus kasv ning 2017. aastal oli jäätmeteke juba üle 25. miljoni tonni. Põlevkivitööstuse tootmismahud vähenesid 2018. aastal ja seetõttu tekkis jäätmeid, võrreldes eelneva aastaga, ka 6,8% võrra vähem. Keskmiselt 88% jäätmetest on tekkinud töötlevas tööstuses, energeetikaettevõtetes ning reovee puhastamisel, millest põhiosa moodustavad põlevkivitööstuse ja -energeetikaga seonduvad jäätmed. Viimasel viiel aastal on nende osakaal kogu jäätmetekkest olnud 81%. Ehitusjäätmeid tekib aastas 9%, jäätmekäitlusettevõtetes 3% nn sekundaarseid jäätmeid, puidutööstuse jäätmeid (neist suurem osa taaskasutatakse) 2%, olmejäätmeid keskmiselt 2%, põllumajanduse ja toiduainete töötlemise jäätmeid 1%. 71  72 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Ohtlike jäätmete osakaal jäätmete tekkes on suur. Viimasel viiel aastal keskmiselt 10 miljonit tonni aastas, moodustades kogu jäätmetekkest 43%. Põhjuseks on peamiselt põlevkiviõli ja -energia tootmise intensiivsus. Eestis tekkivatest ohtlikest jäätmetest on keskmiselt 97% seotud põlevkivikeemia- ja energeetikatööstusega23. Üldine jäätmete taaskasutusmäär on kasvavas trendis, aga pole piisav (2000. a 13% versus 38% 2017. a), sest olmejäätmete ringlusesse võtmise osakaal oli 2017. a ainult 28%, ülejäänud olmejäätmetest 50% põletati energia tootmiseks ja 10% ladestati prügilatesse. Vähene ringlusse võtmine suurendab Eestis keskkonnakoormust. Ringmajandus on tõhus alternatiiv valitsevale lineaarsele majandusmudelile ehk „tooda-tarbi-viska minema“, mis vajab suurt kogust sisendit ning tekitab ühtlasi palju kasutuid jäätmeid, seega on otsene positiivne mõju erieesmärgil 2.4 „Ringmajandus ja roheinnovatsioon“, milles nähakse ette ringmajanduse korraldamiseks vajalike tegevuste toetamist. Ringmajanduse eesmärk on majanduskasvu lahtisidumine esmase toorme kasutusest, luues võimalikult väikeste kadudega ringse tootmis- ja tarbimissüsteemi. Kaudset positiivset mõju võiks avaldada ka poliitikaeesmärgi Nutikam Eesti alla kavandatud meetmed tõstmaks valdkondliku teadus- ja arendustegevuse taset, juhul kui soodustatakse ka kavandatud tegevusi ringmajanduse ja roheinovatsiooni lahenduste väljatöötamiseks. 4.1.3 Mõju elurikkusele, kaitstavatele loodusobjektidele, sh Natura 2000 võrgustikule Eesti on oma territooriumi suuruse kohta maastikuliselt väga mitmekesine. Tähtsamateks elupaikadeks on metsad, mis moodustavad ligi poole Eesti territooriumist, rohumaad ja sood. Elurikkus on eluks hädavajalik. Loodus varustab meid toidu, ravimite ja materjalidega, pakub meile vaba aja veetmise võimalusi ning on kasulik meie tervisele ja heaolule. Elujõuline ökosüsteem filtreerib õhku ja vett, aitab hoida kliima tasakaalus, muudab jäätmeid tagasi ressurssideks, tolmeldab ja väetab põllukultuure ning toob palju muud kasu. Bioloogiline mitmekesisus ehk meie planeedil elavate erinevate liikide rikkus on viimastel aastatel vähenenud ohtlikul kiirusel, mille üheks peamiseks põhjuseks on inimtegevused - maakasutus, saaste 23 https://www.keskkonnaagentuur.ee/et/jaatmed -1 www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne ja kliimamuutused.24 Eestis on esindatud EL tasemel 60 ohustatud elupaigatüüpi ja 100 loodusdirektiivi lisadesse kantud liiki. Pooled elupaikadest ja kolmandik liikidest on ebasoodsas seisundis, mistõttu nende säilimine Eestis ei ole tagatud. Euroopa Komisjoni rohelise leppega25 seotud kohustustest on 2030. aasta bioloogilise mitmekesisuse strateegial26 oluline osa. Ökosüsteemide elurikkuse hoidmine ja taastamine peab olema oluline osa kliimaeesmärkide saavutamisest, et säiliks ökosüsteemide võimekus süsinikku siduda. Enamus kavandatavaid meetmeid ja tegevusi on elurikkusele neutraalse kui ka soodsa mõjuga, nagu uuringute ja analüüside läbiviimine, koolitused jmt. Olulise otsese positiivse mõjuga tegevused ja eesmärgid on näiteks Rohelisem Eesti alla kavandatud meetme (2.3.2) tegevused elupaikade taastamine, meetme 2.3.1 kavandatud tegevus mitteheas seisundis veekogude taastamine ning Inimestele Lähedasem Eesti alla kavandatud tegevused nagu targa linna pilootlahendused ja elurikkuse suurendamine tiheasutusaladel (meede 5.1.1). Ühendatum Eesti alla on kavandatud meetmeid ja tegevusi, mis on seotud maanteede ehitusega, raudteede rekonstrueerimisega, kergliiklusteede rajamisega jne. Transpordi- ja teedeinfrastruktuuri ehitamine vajab olulises mahus maad kui ressurssi ning võib potentsiaalselt mõjutada ebasoodsalt sellele alale ja selle mõjualasse jäävaid ökosüsteeme. Transport mõjutab elusloodust negatiivselt peamiselt elupaikade kao ja killustamise läbi, takistab liikide looduslikku levikut ja põhjustab loomade hukkumist teel. Rakenduskava üldistusastmest tulenevalt ei ole käesolevas KSH-s võimalik detailselt hinnata ühegi konkreetse uue maismaainfrastruktuuri rajamisega kaasnevaid mõjusid. Tagamaks looduslike ökosüsteemide sidusus ja erineva tasemega rohevõrgustiku elementide (kaitsealad kui tugialad, koridorid) sidusus, on üle Eesti planeeringutega määratud rohevõrgustik. Maismaatransporti planeerides on vajalik tagada rohevõrgustiku toimimine ja vältida olulist mõju kaitstavatele loodusobjektidele. Kui olulise ebasoodsa mõju tekke vältimine ei ole võimalik, sh rohevõrgustiku sidususele, tuleb transpordivajaduse rahuldamiseks leida teised lahendused. Oluliste mõjude selgitamine ja vajadusel leevendavate, sh vältivate meetmete kavandamine 24 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/et/headlines/society/20200109STO69929/bioloogilise -mitmekesisuse-vahenemine -selle-ohtlikus-ja- pohjused 25 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:b828d165 -1c22-11ea-8c1f-01aa75ed71a1.0009.02/DOC_1&format= PDF 26 https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities -2019-2024/european -green-deal/actions-being-taken-eu/eu-biodiversity-strategy-2030_et 73  74 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne peab toimuma läbi keskkonnamõju hindamise/keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise menetluse, kus mh tuleb hinnata tegevuse kaudseid mõjusid elurikkusele. ➢ KSH ettepanekud/tähelepanekud: 1. Kõigi selliste uute taristuobjektide rajamisega (ja olemasoleva taristu olulise laiendamisega) kaasnevaid mõjusid (sh bioloogilisele mitmekesisusele ja elupaikade sidususele) tuleb hinnata eriplaneeringute/projektide käigus lahenduste välja töötamisel, enne kui tehakse realiseerimisotsused. Seejuures on kindlasti oluline tähelepanu pöörata koosmõjule ja kumulatiivsele mõjule teiste olemasolevate ja teadaolevalt kavandatavate taristuobjektidega ning arvestada tee kui terviku mõju (mitte analüüsida vaid üksikuid projekteeritavaid lõike eraldi). 2. Soovitav on anda suunis hetkel kasutusel olevate teede projekteerimisnormide ülevaatamiseks maa kui ressursi ja biloogilise mitmekesisuse säilitamise vaatenurgast. Hetkel kasutusel olev praktika teede rekonstrueerimisel ja ehitamisel toodab üledimensioneeritud taristulahendusi, mille hooldusel ei kasutata looduspõhiseid lahendusi. Rakenduskava ei hõlma samuti tulenevalt oma üldistustasemest ruumilisi/tehnilisi/ajalisi lahendusi ega tegevusi, mille puhul oleks võimalik Natura hindamist täpsemalt läbi viia või mille rakendamisel võiks ilmneda eeldatavalt ebasoodne mõju Natura 2000 võrgustiku alade kaitse- eesmärkidele või terviklikkusele. Praeguse Rakenduskava seatud eri-eesmärgid on liiga üldised (sh ka TEN-T kavandatud maanteed), et hinnata nende rakendamisega kaasnevaid mõjusid ning seega puudub vajadus Natura (eel)hindamise läbi viimiseks. ➢ Natura (eel)hindamise vajalikkust tuleb kaaluda rakenduskava elluviimise järgmistes etappides kui on hoomatavad tegevuse ruumiline ulatus ja aeg ning vajadusel näha ette keskkonnamõju (strateegiline) hindamine koos vajalikus täpsusastmes Natura 2000 mõjude hindamisega. 4.1.4 Mõju veekeskkonnale (põhja- ja pinnavesi; veekogumite seisundid; veeressursid, mida mõjutatakse) Eestis on alates 2020. aasta aprillikuust eristatud pinnaveekogumeid 744: 635 vooluveekogudel, 93 seisuveekogudel ja 16 rannikumeres. 2000. a vastu võetud veepoliitika raamdirektiivi põhieesmärk oli, et 2015. a saavutavad kõik veekogumid (jõed, järved, rannikumeri, põhjavesi) vähemalt hea www.hendrikson.ee  Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne keskkonnaseisundi. Paraku ei suudetud seda eesmärki saavutada ei Eestis ega ka Euroopas ning eesmärgi poole alles liigutakse ja seatakse uusi sihte27. Eesti pinnaveekogumitest 44% ja põhjaveekogumitest 21% ei ole heas seisundis (2017. aasta andmed). Eestis ei ole ühtegi rannikuveekogumit heas või väga heas seisundis, enamik on kesises seisundis. Põhilised seisundi mõjutajad on võõrliigid, kalade ülepüük, eutrofeerumine, saasteained ja mereprügi. Otsese olulise positiivse mõjuga meetmena saab välja tuua Rohelisem Eesti alla kavandatud meetmega 2.3.1 seonduvad tegevused sademeveesüsteemide paigaldus ja mitteheas seisundis veekogumite tervendamine. Samuti on ette nähtud meetmed kohalikule tasandile, nt meetme 5.2.1 alla kavandatud tegevus investeeringud vee infrastruktuuri. Paljud kavandatud meetmed on pigem kaudse positiivse mõjuga, enamus meetmeid ei oma üldse otsest mõju veekeskkonnale ja ühtlasi ei tuvastatud meetmeid millel oleks oluline ebasoodne mõju. 4.2 Mõju inimesele/sotsiaalsele keskkonnale 4.2.1 Mõju ruumi ja elukeskkonna kvaliteedile 4.2.1.1 Mõju regionaalse arengu tasakaalustatusele (sh heaolu tasakaalustatusele ning regioonide ja kohtade sisemise arenguvõime tasakaalustatusele) ning mõju avaliku sektori kvaliteedi ja ökonoomsuse kasvule Regionaalse arengu tasakaalustamatus on oluline probleem nii ELs tervikuna (siit ka ühtekuuluvuspoliitika vajadus, vt ka Territorial Agenda 203028) kui ka Eestis. Probleem on laiapõhjalise valdkondliku iseloomuga. Arengustrateegias Eesti 2035 kirjeldatakse regionaalse arengu ebavõrdsust Eestis seoses rahvastikuprotsessidega (kahanemise ja vananemise piirkondlikud mustrid, vt ka Rahvastiku ja sidusa ühiskonna arengukava 2030 eelnõu29), majandusarenguga (ettevõtlusaktiivsuse, ettevõtete teadusmahukuse, kõrgema lisandväärtuse, investeeringute ja töökohtade koondumine 1-2 linnapiirkonda, vt ka TAIE strateegia eelnõu30), haridusliku 27 https://www.keskkonnaagentuur.ee/et/vesi -3 28 https://territorialagenda.eu/home.html 29 https://www.siseministeerium.ee/sites/default/files/arengukava_eelnou_1312.pdf 30 https://www.hm.ee/sites/ default/files/1_taie_arengukava_2035_eelnou_riigikogusse_29.10.2020.pdf 75 76 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne ebavõrdsusega nii elukestvas õppes osalemise kui ka kättesaadavuse mõttes (vt ka Haridusvaldkonna arengukava 2021-2035 eelnõu31). Spetsiifilised lähituleviku väljakutsed tulenevad kliimaneutraalsuse eesmärgi mõjudest süsinikumahuka Ida-Virumaa majandusele, kus need täiendavad juba välja kujunenud sotsiaal- majandusliku arengu probleemistikku. Asustussüsteemis eristuvad hõreasustusega piirkondade väljakutsed – teenuste ja töökohtade kesine kättesaadavus, traditsiooniliste transpordilahenduste ebaadekvaatsus (vt ka Üleriigiline planeering Eesti 203032). Laiemalt iseloomustab territoriaalse kättesaadavuse väljakutseid Eestis see, et ühendused kohtade vahel on jätkuvalt tagatud eelkõige kõrge keskkonnakoormusega liikuvuslahenduste poolt. Kokkuvõttes ongi oluline silmas pidada, et tegemist on süsteemsete väljakutsetega, mis nõuavad integreeritud valdkondlikult koordineeritud sekkumisi. Regionaalselt tasakaalustatud arengut eesmärgistatakse mitmetes kesksetes EL ja Eesti strateegilistes arengudokumentides. Euroopa Liidu Territoriaalne Agenda 203033 määratleb 2 üldeesmärki (Õiglane Euroopa ja Roheline Euroopa), mille raames omakorda eristatakse kokku kuut arenguprioriteeti. Alljärgneva EL ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide Eesti rakenduskavas ja partnerlusleppes kavandatud poliitikasekkumiste regionaalsete mõjude üldhinnangu sõnastamisel on võetud struktuurseks aluseks selle arengudokumendi need prioriteedid, mis seostuvad otseselt regionaalse arengu tavapärase käsitlusega – nimelt Õiglase Euroopa prioriteedid „tasakaalustatud regionaalareng“ ja „funktsionaalsed regioonid“ (piiriülese lõimumise problemaatikaga tegeletakse EL teiste poliitikasekkumistega (Interreg) ning seetõttu on teema kolmandajärgulisus rakenduskavas mõistetav ja õigustatud) ning Rohelise Euroopa prioriteet „säästvad ühendused“ (tervisliku keskkonna ja ringmajanduse prioriteedid leiavad käsitlust teiste teemade all). Strateegias Eesti 2035 riigi arengu aluspõhimõttena (kui elukohast sõltumatud võrdsed võimalused eneseteostuseks ja ühiskonnaelus osalemiseks) määratletud tasakaalustatud regionaalarengusse panustab rakenduskava kolmes olulises aspektis. Kõige otsesemalt omavad positiivset mõju regionaalsele tasakaalustatusele meetmed ja tegevussuunad, kus kavandatakse rakendada spetsiifilisi regionaalseid kriteeriume investeeringute suunamiseks üksnes või eelistingimustel vähemarenenud piirkondadesse. Tervikuna kuuluvad siia rühma ÕÜF investeeringud Ida-Virumaale. Märkimisväärse tasakaalustava mõjuga oleks ka 31 https://www.hm.ee/et/kaasamine -osalemine/strateegiline -planeerimine-aastateks-2021-2035/eesti -haridusvaldkonna-arengukava 32 https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/sites/default/files/R uumiline_planeerimine/eesti2030.pdf 33 https://territorialagenda.eu/home.html www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Inimestele lähedasema Eesti üldeesmärgi raames kavandatu, mille alusel piirkondade konkurentsivõime erieesmärgi rakendamisel välistatakse Tallinna linnaregioon sihtregioonina. Spetsiifilisi vähemarenenud piirkondi positiivselt diskrimineerivaid kriteeriume kavandatakse rakendada ka üldeesmärkide Rohelisem Eesti ja Nutikam Eesti meetmetes ja tegevussuundades. Nii on Rohelise Eesti meetme 2.1.1. raames kavandatud toetuste tingimusi kortermajade renoveerimiseks piirkondlike turutõrgete leevendajana sellisena, et „meedet rakendatakse kõikides regioonides, kuid toetusi diferentseeritakse selliselt, et suurem osa toetustest läheb madalama kinnisvarahinnaga piirkondadesse“. Meetme 2.2.3. tegevussuuna „biometaani kasutuselevõtu soodustamine“ raames tuuakse seoses ühistranspordi üleminekuga jätkusuutlikumale energiatarbimisele esile mõte suunata toetused nimelt perifeersematesse maakondadesse. Ringmajanduse erieesmärgi (2.4) tegevusi kavandatakse rakendada üle-Eestiliselt nii, et sekkumised parendavad regioone ja tööstusparke kõikjal, kuid võimalusel „eelistatakse vähemarenenud piirkondade projekte“. Nutikam Eesti üldeesmärgi meetme 1.4.1. all on eraldi investeeringud kavandatud „VKEde konkurentsivõime tugevdamiseks Kagu-Eestis“, kuivõrd selle piirkonna VKE tootlikkus vajab kõige enam järele aitamist. Erieesmärgi 1.4. tegevussuunaga „Rahastamisvahendite pakkumine ettevõtetele“ on kirjeldatud kavatsust pakkuda regionaallaenu ehk allutatud laenu väljaspool Tallinna ja Tartut tegutsevatele ettevõtetele. Regionaalselt tasakaalustava mõjuga on ka investeeringud üleriigiliste võrgustike välja arendamisesse ja toetamisesse. Üldjuhul omavad sellised tegevused piirkondliku tasakaalustatuse mõju maakondlikul tasandil – tugevnevad maakonnakeskused ja nende tagamaad. Nutikama Eesti üldeesmärgi raames on sellisteks tegevusteks „Maakondlike arenduskeskuste toetamine (nõustamisteenuse pakkumisel)“. Sotsiaalsema Eesti sotsiaal- ja tervishoiu taristu investeeringute erieesmärgi (4.1.) saavutamiseks kavandatakse arendada maakonnakeskustes integreeritud tervise- ja hoolduskeskusi ning põhikoolivõrgu korrastamise erieesmärgi (4.10.) raames väikesemahulisi investeeringuid regionaalsesse koostöösse piirkondlike hariduskonsortsiumite partnerlusel põhineva kontseptsiooni alusel. Kolmandaks regionaalselt tasakaalustavaks lahenduseks rakenduskavades on KOV võimekuste edendamine. Vastavaid tegevusi kavandatakse läbivalt üldeesmärgi Inimestele Lähedasema Eesti erieesmärgi Piirkondade konkurentsivõime tugevdamine all. Samuti leidub neid üldeesmärgi Rohelisem Eesti ringmajanduse erieesmärgi (2.4) raames - piirkondlikke erisusi kavandatakse vähendada KOV-üksuste võimekuse tõstmisel ringmajanduse strateegilises juhtimises ja jäätmemajanduse korraldamisel. Sotsiaalsem Eesti erieesmärgi 4.3. (Töövõimereform II) tegevustes 77 78 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne kavandatakse piirkondlike võimekuste tasakaalustamist KOV volikogu liikmete koolitustegevustega ning kohapõhise arengumudeli rakendamist tööturuteenuste kavandamise viimisel kohalikule ja piirkondlikule tasandile. Erieesmärk „Lapsed ja noored“ (4.5.) raames taotletakse regionaalset tasakaalustatust läbi teenuste (taseme) ühtlustamise ning KOV-üksuste nõustamise. Ka elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamise erieesmärgi (4.8.) üheks kavandatavaks tegevuseks on KOV-üksuste võimekuste tasakaalustamine valdkonda panustamisel. Selliste meetmete lõplikud regionaalselt tasakaalustavad mõjud sõltuvad loomulikult sellest, millised konkreetsed KOV-üksused meetmetes osalevad – kas üksnes võimekamad või suudetakse meetmete rakendamisel tagada ühtlane ja ideaalis isegi n-ö järele aitav osalus. Vähemarenenud regioonide positiivsel diskrimineerimisel põhinevate rakenduskava sekkumiste koondmõju sõltub nende piisavusest võrdluses olemasolevate ja regionaalse süsteemi n-ö loomulike arenguprotsesside tulemusel kujunevate arengueristuste määraga. Selles kontekstis on rakenduskava tasakaalustavad sekkumised ebapiisavad ja osalt ka vastassuunalised. Kõige olulisemana, valdav osa Nutikama Eesti poliitikaeesmärgi investeeringutest tugevdavad ilma lisatingimusteta Eesti seniste kasvukeskuste (Tallinna ja Tartu) sotsiaal-majandusliku arengu potentsiaali. ➢ KSH märgib, et regionaalse tasakaalustatuse huvides oleks vajalik anda nutika spetsialiseerumise ja teadmusiirde meetmetele regionaalpoliitiline dimensioon - spetsiifilised meetmed ja/või meetmete tingimused, mis motiveeriks osalema/kaasama ettevõtteid väljaspool Tallinna ja Tartu linnaregioone. ➢ Rakenduskava investeeringutes riikliku innovatsioonisüsteemi tugevdamiseks tuleb koht leida piirkondlikele kompetentsikeskustele. ➢ Regionaalse tasakaalustatuse eesmärgi seisukohast on problemaatiline ka see, et säästva linnaarengu vahenditest eraldatakse suurem osa jõukamate linnapiirkondade (rohelistesse) transpordilahendustesse ning sellest omakorda oluline osa sihistatuna pealinnaregiooni. Investeeringud uute kohapõhiste arenguvõimekuste loomisesse (nt targa linna lahendused) saavad aga oluliselt vähem toetusi. ➢ ÕÜF investeeringute mõjukuse hindamisel on asjakohane kõrvutada nende mahtu traditsioonilise süsinikumahuka põlevkivisektori poolt loodava väärtusega, mida need peaksid kompenseerima. Arvestades rahvamajanduse arvepidamise andmeid ning põlevkivisektori poolt tellitud analüüse moodustavad ÕÜF poolt 7 aasta jooksul investeeritavad vahendid mitte enam kui poole põlevkivisektori iga-aastaselt loodud majanduslikust lisandväärtusest. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Funktsionaalsete regioonide tugevdamine on keskseks regionaalse arengu kontseptsiooniks üleriigilises planeeringus Eesti 2030. Rakenduskava sekkumised omavad positiivset mõju funktsionaalsete regioonide tugevnemiseks ja selle läbi eelduste loomiseks koha-põhiseks regionaalarenguks peamiselt kahel viisil. Esiteks on need meetmed, mille osaks on piirkondliku koostöö korralduslikud lahendused. Valdkonnaülesena kavandatakse KOV-üksuste piirkondlikku koostööd võimestada maakondlike strateegiate abil, mis peaksid olema aluseks üldeesmärgi Inimestele lähedasem Eesti mõlema erieesmärgi tegevuste täpsemal kavandamisel ja elluviimisel. Muuhulgas kavandatakse üldeesmärgi raames ka KOV-teenuste koostöös osutamise mudelite välja arendamist ja rakendamist ning regionaalsete võrgustike toimimist, mis toetavad regioonide funktsionaalse sidususe kasvu. Meetme 5.2.1. all kavandatud investeeringute puhul vee infrastruktuuri sisaldab tegevuse täpsustus ka tingimust, et toetused suunatakse üksnes maakondlikele vee-ettevõtetele. Selle kriteeriumi rakendamine tugevdaks regioonide funktsionaalset terviklikkust. Piirkondlikku koostööd edendavaid lahendusi sisaldavad ka mitmed üldeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti meetmed. Tööhõive erieesmärgi (4.7.) tegevused tööjõu liikumise geograafiliste takistuste kõrvaldamisel ning Töövõimereform II erieesmärgi (4.3.) tegevused kohapõhise arengumudeli rakendamiseks tööturuteenuste kavandamise viimisel kohalikule ja piirkondlikule tasandile võiksid suurendada regioonide funktsionaalset sidusust, samuti ka pikaajalise hoolduse korralduse erieesmärgi (4.2.) saavutamisel kavandatud kohapõhise regionaalarengu kontseptsiooniga kooskõlalise CLLD mudeli rakendamine projektide tasandil. Põhikoolivõrgu korrastamise erieesmärgi (4.10.) raames räägitakse piirkondlikest hariduskonsortsiumite partnerluste kontseptsioonist, mille alusel investeeringutoetusi eraldada. Teiseks ja osaliselt kattuvana regionaalset tasakaalustatust vahetult edendavate üleriigiliste võrgustike arendamisega panustab funktsionaalsete regioonide arengusse nende regioonide keskuste tugevdamine riiklike võrgustike sõlmpunktidena. Lisaks maakondlike arenduskeskuste teenuse toetamisele Nutikama Eesti raames kavandatakse sotsiaal- ja tervishoiu taristu investeeringute erieesmärgi (4.1.) all maakonnakeskustes arendada ka integreeritud tervise- ja hoolduskeskusi. Regioonide funktsionaalset sidusust toetavad ka keskus-tagamaa liikuvusvõimalusi parandavad taristulised investeeringud (vt säästvate ühenduste prioriteeti edendavad tegevused). Viimaste puhul tuleb arvestada, et mõjud saavutatakse üksnes eelduste tasandil. ➢ Nendele loodud eeldustele tuginedes tuleb luua asjakohased liikuvusteenused - rohkem regionaalseid rongiühendusi, keskus-tagamaa kergliikluse vajadusi rahuldav teehooldus jms. 79 80 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Laiemalt sõltub funktsionaalsete regioonide tugevdamiseks tehtavate investeeringute mõju sellest, kas paralleelselt astutakse Eestis samme ka haldustasandite (riik, KOV) ja valdkondade regionaalse koordinatsioonimudeli välja arendamisel ja kehtestamisel, millele rakenduskava asjakohaseid sekkumisi lõimida. Asjakohased probleemid - valitsemise valdkondlik „silotornistumine“, valitsemistasandite koostöö nõrkus, regionaalse koordinatsiooni kesisus - on riiklikes arengudokumentides teadvustatud. Ka EL Territoriaalne Agenda 203034 rõhutab mitmekihilise valitsemismudeli osadena sektoriülese ja valitsustasandite vahelise koostöö olulisust regionaalarengu eesmärkide saavutamisel. EL Territoriaalse Agenda 2030 säästlike ühenduste prioriteet on rakenduskava regionaalse arengu mõjude hindamise kontekstis esmatähtis territoriaalse kättesaadavuse ja piirkondade omavahelise seostatuse parandajana. Enim võiksid sellesse loomulikult panustada üldeesmärgi Ühendatum Eesti saavutamiseks kavandatud tegevused. Siiski, erieesmärgid on suunatud üleriigilise ja üle-Euroopalise ühendatuse suurendamisele ning positiivne mõju Eesti sisesele regionaalsele tasakaalustatusele on sekundaarne ja sõltuv üleriigilistest Tallinna-kesksetest ruumiseostest. Rakenduskava raames tehtavaid investeeringuid peavad täiendama siseriiklikud liikuvusvõrgustikke tihendavad lahendused. Vastasel juhul luuakse uut regionaalset ebavõrdust peamiste liikumiskoridoride lähedal paiknevate piirkondade ning siseperifeeriate vahel. Sama kehtib ka üldeesmärgi Nutikam Eesti raames kavandatud investeeringute osas IT-taristu ja e-teenuste arendamiseks. ➢ Kuigi rohkem paremaid e-teenuseid peaks põhimõtteliselt vähendama teenuste asukohast sõltuvaid kättesaadavuse probleeme, võib IT-taristu ebaühtlane areng (viimase miili probleemid lairibavõrgu ühenduste loomisel hajaasustuses, 5G võrkude eelisarendamine kõrgema nõudlusega piirkondades) tekitada uut regionaalset ebavõrdsust. Kokkuvõtteks tuleb nentida, et rakenduskava mõju riigi sisese regionaalse arengu tasakaalustatusele on parimal juhul olemasoleva tasakaaluseisu säilitamine. See on igati mõistetav, kuivõrd rakenduskava fookus on EL poliitikatega kooskõlaliselt keskkonnaeesmärkidel. Samuti prioriseeritakse riigi kui sellise nutikat sotsiaal-majanduslikku arengut. Eesti regionaalse arengu tasakaalustatus on rakenduskavas selgelt teisejärguline. Seda kinnitab ka tõsiasi, et senistes rakenduskava versioonides ei ole seatud regionaalse tasakaalustatud arengu indikaatoreid ja sihtväärtusi. Rakenduskaval puudub süsteemne regionaalpoliitiline alus, mis pakuks lõimiva käitluse valdkondlikest sekkumistest ning näitaks, kuidas rakenduskava täiendab muid riiklike regionaalpoliitilisi sekkumisi. 34 https://territorialagenda.eu/home.html www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 4.2.1.2 Mõju ettevõtete konkurentsivõime kasvule (mh läbi tegevuse TAI mahukuse kasvu) Eesti riigi majandus on seotud Euroopa Liidu ühtse turuga ning sõltub rahvusvahelisest koostööst ja kokkulepetest. Kogu maailmas kasvavad tehnoloogilised ja digilahendusi hõlmavad arengud survestavad ka Eesti ettevõtteid järjest enam kasutusele võtma uusi lahendusi ja ärimudeleid, tänu millele on võimalik hakkama saada üha karmistuvas konkurentsis. Eesti riigi pikaajalise arengustrateegia „Eesti 2035“ eelnõu kohaselt on ettevõtluskeskkond üldjoontes konkurentsivõimeline, kuid hõlmab olulisi arenguvõimalusi, mis tagaksid selle valmisoleku tulevikuks. Eesti riigi pikaajalise arengustrateegia „Eesti 2035“ eelnõu ja Eesti teadus- ja arendustegevuse, innovatsiooni ning ettevõtluse (TAIE) arengukava 2021–2035 eelnõu35 kohaselt on Eesti ettevõtete konkurentsivõime kasvu pidurdavateks teguriteks ebaühtlaselt jaotunud ja piiratud kasvutempoga tööjõu tootlikkus, digitehnoloogiate ja automatiseeritud lahenduste ebapiisav integreeritus äritegevustesse, ettevõtete TA-kulutuste madal osakaal, teadustöö tulemuste vähene rakendamine ettevõtluses, ettevõtlusaktiivsuse piirkondlik erinevus, uute, sh keskkonnahoidlike, tehnoloogiate ja ärimudelitega vähene kohanemine ja nende rakendamine, majanduse madal tulutase ja kesine koht rahvusvahelistes väärtusahelates, välisinvesteeringute vähene osakaal, jm. TAIE arengukava 2021–2035 eelnõus on seatud mõõtühikud ettevõtluse TA mahukuse ja konkurentsivõime kasvule vastavalt selles arenguskavas seatud sihtidele. Aastaks 2035 on eesmärk suurendada erasektori TA-kulutuste taset SKP-st 0,59%-lt 2%-ni, parandada riigi kohta Euroopa innovatsiooni tulemustabelis tugeva innovaatori asemel innovatsiooni liidriks, tõsta teadlaste ja inseneride arvu ettevõtlussektoris, parandada Eesti positsiooni Doing Business indeksi tabelis praeguselt 18-lt kohalt vähemalt 5 esimese sekka, kahekordistada kaupade ja teenuste eksporti ning tõsta väljaspool Harjumaad loodud SKP-d elaniku kohta. Eesti majanduse tugevdamist, uute ärimudelite kasutuselevõttu ja konkurentsivõime kasvu toetab eelkõige poliitikaeesmärk Nutikam Eesti, sh eriti nutika spetsialiseerumisega seotud eesmärk, mis toetab Eesti majanduse teadmistepõhist lähenemist, tingimuste loomist TA-tegevuse ja innovatsiooni 35 https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/1_taie_arengukava_2035_eelnou_riigikogusse_29.10.2020.pdf 81 82 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne arenguks, ettevõtete TAI teadlikkuse ja võimekuse kasvu ning edendab tipptehnoloogiate kasutuselevõttu. Poliitikaeesmärgi raames pakutakse ettevõtetele tuge rakendusuuringute ja eksperimentaalarenduse programmi raames, vähendatakse ettevõtjate halduskoormust ning parandatakse andmevahetust ja suhtlust ettevõtete ja riigi vahel läbi e-riigi arendamise ning parandatakse VKEde konkurentsivõimet ja finantseerimisvõimaluste kättesaadavust. Samuti toetatakse selle poliitikaeesmärgi raames VKEde rahvusvahelistumist läbi võrgustikes ja ühisüritustel osalemise ning ekspordi võimekuse arendamise. Keskkonnahoidlike tehnoloogiate ja ärimudelite kasutuselevõttu toetab eelkõige poliitikaeesmärk Rohelisem Eesti, sh eriti ringmajanduse ja roheinnovatsiooniga seotud eesmärgid. Need tegevused suurendavad vastutustundliku ettevõtluse arengut, sh ringmajanduse põhimõtetega arvestavat tootmistsükli rakendamist, ringlussevõtu suurendamist, jäätmetekke vähendamist, jmt. Ettevõtetele vajaliku väljaõppega tööjõu olemasolu toetab eelkõige poliitikaeesmärk Sotsiaalsem Eesti, sh eriti tööhõivega, elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamisega ning õppe tööturu vajadustega seostamisega seotud eesmärgid, mis soodustavad ettevõtjate ja haridusasutuste koostööd ja tööturule vajalike töötajate koolitamist. ➢ Kokkuvõttes vajaks poliitikaeesmärkide seas rohkem tähelepanu ärikeskkonna parandamise ja tugevdamisega seotud tegevused nagu õigusaktide ja maksukeskkonna arendamine uute ärimudelite, töövormide ja vastutustundliku ettevõtluse rakendamiseks, sh bürokraatialike barjääride vähendamine, finantsturu arendamine ja majandusjulgeoleku tagamine. 4.2.1.3 Mõju tööturule ja tööhõivele (sh oskuste vajadusele) ning mõju haridusele, sh taseme- ja täiendõppele Eesti tööturgu mõjutavad demograafilised protsessid, sh rahvastiku vananemine ning madal sündivus. Kuna tuleviku tööturul jääb töökäsi vähemaks, tuleb leida võimalusi, kuidas tööturult nii vanuse ja pensionile siirdumise kui tööõnnetuste ja terviseprobleemide ning väheste oskuste või vananenud oskuste tõttu lahkuvaid inimesi asendada või nende tööturult eemale jäämist paindlikult pidurdada ja erinevate riskirühmade tööhõives püsimist toetada. Kuigi prognooside järgi kahaneb töötajate (absoluut)arv tööturul, siis erinevate hõive kasvu toetavate poliitikatega on võimalik seda kompenseerida, sh nt haridustaseme tõusuga (uutel põlvkondadel on kõrgem haridus), pensioniea tõusuga (kasvab vanemealiste tööhõive), eduka lõimumispoliitikaga www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne (mitte-eestlaste hõivemäär võrdsustub eestlaste hõivemääraga) ja parimate hõive- ja tööturupraktikate poliitikaga.36 Peamised väljakutsed Eesti tööturul on kvalifitseeritud tööjõu puudus, vananenud kvalifikatsioon ja teadmised-oskused, tööealise elanikkonna (eriti vanemaealiste) vähene osalemine elukestvas õppes, palgavaesus ning töötus- ja mitteaktiivsuslõksud (erinevad toetused, hüvitised, pensionid, mis aitavad tööturult ära olla), mitmekesiste töövormide ja paindlike tööaja kokkulepete ja mittepüsivate lepingute kasutamise vähene levik, tööjõu vähene Eesti-sisene mobiilsus, töötingimuste kollektiivse kujundamise ja sotsiaaldialoogi nõrkus (väike hõlmatus kollektiivlepingutega ja ametiühingutesse kuuluvus on madal). Palgavaesus on nt tugevalt seotud puuduva või madala hariduse ja kvalifikatsiooniga.37 Peamised väljakutsed hariduses on täiskasvanute madal osalus elukestvas õppes (eriti nt mehed, eesti keelest erineva emakeele ja madalama haridustaseme, oskustega inimesed), erialase hariduseta, madala haridustasemega või aegunud oskustega inimeste suur osakaal, taseme-, täiendus- ja ümberõpe ei vasta piisavalt ühiskonna ja tööturu arenguvajadustele, tööandjate panus kutse- ja kõrgharidusse ning täiendusõppesse on ebapiisav, karjääri- ja ettevõtlusõppe tase ning võimalused tutvuda töömaailma ja erialade mitmekesisusega on ebaühtlased, formaalõppes ja kutse taotlemisel ei arvestata piisavalt mitteformaalses ja informaalses õppes ning töökogemuse kaudu omandatud teadmisi ja oskusi, hariduslike erivajadustega õppijate ebapiisav või ebaühtlane toetamine, koostöö erinevate haridustaseme ja –liikide vahel on ebapiisav, nüüdisaegne õpikäsitus ei ole planeeritud mahus teostunud, poiste kaks korda suurem väljalangevus põhikoolist võrreldes tüdrukutega, doktoriõppe madal atraktiivsus, Eesti üliõpilaste madal osalus õpirändes, digioskuste tase, areng on ebaühtlane kõikides eagruppides, kutseharidusega avanevad karjääriteed ei ole ühiskonnas väärtustatud38. Üldhariduses on katkestanute ja klassikordajate osakaal (mõlemal) õppijatest ca 1,5%39. 18-24- aastaste esimese taseme või madalama haridusega õpinguid mittejätkavate noorte osatähtsus 2020. 36 RITA-ränne projekt 2018, teema kokkuvõte #1, Eesti tööjõu prognoos: sisseränne vs hõivemuutus: https://sisu.ut.ee/sites/default/files/ranne/files/luhikokkuvote_1_toojou_pakkumine_sisseanne_ja_hoive_4_02.07.2018.pdf 37 Heaolu arengukava 2016-2023: https://www.sm.ee/et/heaolu-arengukava-2016-2023 38 Haridus- ja teadusministeerium. Haridusvaldkonna arengukava 2021 -2035: https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/haridusvaldkonna_arengukava_2035_29.10.2020_riigikokku.pdf 39 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsia alelu, haridus, üldharidus, HT140U: ÜLDHARIDUSE ÕPILASED, KATKESTAJAD JA KLASSIKORDAJAD SOO, ELUKOHA, EMAKEELE, KOOLIASTME JA ÕPPEKEELE JÄRGI, HALDUSJAOTUS SEISUGA 01.01.2018: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__haridus__uldharidus/HT140U/table/tab leViewLayout1 83 84 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne aastal oli 7,6%40. Viimase viie aasta jooksul on näitaja märgatavalt paranenud. Kutseõppest väljalangenute osakaal on viimased viis aastat püsinud 23% juures41. Kõrgharidusest väljalangenute osakaal on viimase viie aasta jooksul langenud ja 2019. aastal oli see ca 15% (nähtavalt parem kui kutsehariduses)42. Tööealise elanikkonna (vanuses 15-74-eluaastat) hõivemäära näitajad on oluliselt madalamad esimese taseme või sellest madalama haridusega inimestel võrreldes kõrgema haridustasemega inimeste ning kogu hõivemääraga, ja vastavalt ligi kaks korda kõrgem on nende töötusemäär võrreldes kogu tööealise elanikkonna töötusemääraga43. Tööealise elanikkonna vanuses 25-64 eluaastat osalemine elukestvas õppes oli 2019. aastal vaid 20,1%44, kuigi see on ajas paranenud. Veel kehvem on see näitaja meeste ning mitte-eestlastest meeste ja naiste seas45. See aitab kaasa tööturul vajalike oskuste, teadmiste vananemisele ning võimendab lõhet tööturul nõutavate ja toimetulekuks vajalike ning tööturul pakutavate oskuste-teadmiste ning kvalifikatsiooni vahel. Digipädevuste levikut elanikkonnas väljendab osakaal, mis näitab vähemalt baastasemel digipädevusega elanike osatähtsust 16–74-aastaste hulgas. Selle väärtus 2019. aastal oli 62%46. Ka siin saab toetusmeetmetega olukorda parandada. Riskirühmad tööturul on haridustee katkestanud ja erialase hariduse, oskusteta noored ja eriliselt NEET noored, kes ei õpi ega tööta. Põhihariduse või madalama haridustasemega õpinguid mittejätkavate 18–24-aastaste noorte osatähtsus oli 2019. aastal 9,8%47. Vananeva elanikkonnaga Eestis on riskirühmaks tööturul ka vanemaealised, kelle tööhõive pärast pensioniikka jõudmist väheneb vanuse kasvuga üsna kiiresti. Seda põhjustavad nii vähene või aegunud kvalifikatsioon, tervisemured ja võimalikud tööõnnetused, mis vähendavad töövõimet ja samuti tööandjate eelarvamused nende suhtes. Kehvemas olukorras tööturul on ka muukeelsed elanikud ja 40 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsiaalelu, tööturg, tööealise rahvastiku haridus, haridustase ja keeleoskus, TT0100: HARIDUSE PÕHINÄITAJAD SOO JÄRGI: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__tooturg__rahvastiku -haridustase__harid ustase-ja- keeleoskus/TT0100/table/tableViewLayout1 41 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsiaalelu, haridus, kutseharidus, HT60: KUTSEÕPPEST VÄLJALANGENUD ÕPPELIIGI JA ÕPPEVORMI JÄRGI: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__haridus__kutseharidus/H T60/table/tableViewLayout1 42 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsiaalelu, haridus, kõrgharidus, HT307: KÕRGHARIDUSEST VÄLJALANGENUD SOO, HARIDUSASTME JA EMAKEELE JÄRGI: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__haridus__kergharidus/HT307 43 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsiaalelu, tööturg, tööealise rahvastiku haridus, haridustase ja keeleoskus, TT109: 15 -74- NING 25- 64-AASTASTE HÕIVESEISUND SOO JA HARIDUSTASEME JÄRGI: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__tooturg__rahvastiku - haridustase__haridustase -ja-keeleoskus/TT109/table/tableViewLayout1 44 Statistikaamet. Valdkonnad, säästev areng, kvaliteetne haridus: https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta -statistikat/valdkonnad/saastev -areng/4- kvaliteetne-haridus 45 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. S otsiaalelu, tööturg, tööealise rahvastiku haridus, TT162: 25 -64-AASTASTE ELUKESTVAS ÕPPES OSALEMINE NELJA VIIMASE NÄDALA JOOKSUL | Näitaja, Rahvus, Sugu, Elukestvas õppes osalemine ning Aasta: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__tooturg__rahvastiku -haridustase__eppes-osalemine -4-nadalat/TT162/table/tableViewLayout1 46 Statistikaamet. Valdkonnad, säästev areng, kvaliteetne haridus: https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta -statistikat/valdkonnad/saastev -areng/4- kvaliteetne-haridus 47 Statistikaamet. Valdkonnad, sä ästev areng, kvaliteetne haridus: https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta -statistikat/valdkonnad/saastev -areng/4- kvaliteetne-haridus www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne uussisserändajad, kelle toimetulekut takistab otseselt vähene riigikeele oskus, mida töökohtadel sageli eeldatakse või nõutakse. Samuti ei tunne nad võrreldes kohalike elanikega riigi, KOVi, kogukonna toimimisloogikat, asjaajamiskultuuri jms. Väga oluline riskirühm on pikaajalised töötud. Pikaajalise töötuse määr 2019. aastal oli Eestis 0,9%48. Töötukassa statistika järgi oli veebruaris 2021 nende registreeritud töötute osakaal, kes on olnud tööta 12-23 kuud, ca 12% (6962 inimest) ja nende registreeritud töötute osakaal, kes on olnud tööta 24 ja enam kuud, ca 4% (2292 inimest)49. Viimane oluline sihtrühm, kelle töö- ja haridus- ning täiend- ja ümberõppe võimalusi tuleb toetada, on vähenenud töövõimega inimesed. Vähenenud töövõimega tööealiste inimeste hõive määr 2019. aastal oli 51,8 ja puudega inimeste tööhõive määr oli 31,5%50 (võrdluseks üldiselt 15-74-aastaste grupis oli tööhõive määr 68,4%51). Töötuse määr oli vähenenud töövõimega tööealiste inimeste seas 9,8% ja puudega inimeste töötuse määr oli 11,2%52 (võrdluseks üldiselt 15-74-aastaste grupis oli töötuse määr 4,4%53). Riskirühmad hariduses on erialase hariduseta ja madala haridustasemega inimesed, eakad ning hariduslike erivajadustega inimesed. Elukestva õppe tähtsus Eesti täiskasvanute elus on üha kasvanud. Samas, Eesti haridusvaldkonna arengukava 2021–2035 eelnõu54 kohaselt ei vasta täiendus- ja ümberõpe piisavalt ühiskonna ja tööturu arenguvajadustele, kõikidel sihtrühmadel ei ole piisavat valmisolekut oma oskusi täiendada, tööandjate panus täiendusõppesse ebapiisav, sh töötajate digioskuste arendamisse, ning nutika spetsialiseerumise valdkondades ja ühiskonnas eelisarendamist vajavates valdkondades pakutakse vähe täiendus- ja ümberõppevõimalusi. Lisaks on täienduskoolituse tase Eestis ebaühtlase kvaliteediga. Eesti haridusvaldkonna arengukava 2021–2035 eelnõus on seatud eesmärgiks baastasemest kõrgema taseme digioskused 16–74 a elanike seas seniselt 35%-lt 60%-ni. Toetusmeetmete positiivne ja otsene mõju tööturule, tööhõivele ja oskustele ning haridusele on kõige suurem ja selgem poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti puhul, samuti regionaalselt piiritletud ÕÜF 48 Statistikaamet. Valdkonnad, säästev areng, tööhõive ja jätkusuutlik majandus: https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta -statistikat/valdkonnad/saastev - areng/8-toohoive-ja-jatkusuutlik-majandus 49 Eesti Töötukassa. Peamised statistilised näitajad. Registreeritud töötud . Registreeritud töötuse kestus: https://www.tootukassa.ee/content/tootukassast/registreeritud -tootud 50 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsiaalelu. Tervis. Puudega inimesed. Puudega inimeste tööhõive. >> THV601: TÖÖEALISTE HÕIVESEISUND PUUDELISUSE JA TÖÖVÕIME NING VANUSERÜHMA JÄRGI , 2019: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__tervishoid__puudega -inimesed__puue -tooheive/THV601/table/tableViewLayout1 51 Statistikaamet. Valdkonnad, tööelu, tööturg: https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta -statistikat/valdkonnad/tooelu/tooturg 52 Statistikaamet. Statistika andmebaas. Sotsiaalelu. Tervis. Puudega inimesed. Puudega inimeste tööhõive. >> THV601: TÖÖEALISTE HÕIVESEISUND PUUDELISUSE JA TÖÖVÕIME NING VANUSERÜHMA JÄRGI , 2019: https://andmed.stat.ee/et/stat/sotsiaalelu__tervishoid__puudega -inimesed__puue -tooheive/THV601/table/tableViewLayout1 53 Statistikaamet. Valdkonnad, tööelu, tööturg: https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta -statistikat/valdkonnad/tooelu/tooturg 54 85 86 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne puhul ja mõõdukas ning kitsama valdkonna põhine poliitikaeesmärgi Nutikam Eesti puhul. Sotsiaalsem Eesti erieesmärgid ja kirjeldatud tegevused on kooskõlas praegu kehtiva Eesti Heaolu Arengukava 2016-2023 üldeesmärkide „Tööhõive kõrge tase ning pikk ja kvaliteetne tööelu“ ja „Sotsiaalse ebavõrdsuse ja vaesuse vähenemine, sooline võrdsus ning suurem sotsiaalne kaasatus“ ning nende alaeesmärkidega; samuti praegu kehtiva ja toimiva „Haridus ja noorte-programm 2021- 2024“55 eesmärkide „Õpivõimalused on valikurohked ja kättesaadavad ning haridussüsteem võimaldab sujuvat liikumist haridustasemete ja -liikide vahel“, „Eestis on pädevad ja motiveeritud õpetajad ja koolijuhid, mitmekesine õpikeskkond ning õppijast lähtuv õpe“, „Õpivõimalused vastavad ühiskonna ja tööturu arenguvajadustele“ ning nende meetmete ja tegevustega; ning Haridusvaldkonna arengukava 2021-2035 strateegiliste eesmärkidega. Poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti toetusmeetmed kasvatavad ühiskonnas heaolu erinevatele sihtrühmadele mõeldud tööturumeetmete ja tööturu tugiteenustega, sotsiaalhoolekandemeetmete ja sotsiaalteenustega, samuti õpivõimaluste ja haridusteenustega. Toetusmeetmed aitavad luua uusi töökohti ja ümber kohandada olemasolevaid töökohti. Kirjeldatud tegevused tõstavad õppijate, töötajate ja tööotsijate, hoolduskoormusega inimeste, tööturu riskirühmade sh nt noorte, NEET noorte, uussisserändajate, ajutise töövõimetusega inimeste õpivõimalusi ja haridust (nii tasemeõpe kui täiendõpe, nii formaalne kui mitteformaalne õpe), oskusi (sh nt digioskusi, keeleoskusi) ning teadmisi. ➢ KSH märgib, et samas ei ole tähelepanu pööratud ega eraldi meetmeid suunatud vanemaealistele ja vähenenud töövõimega inimestele ega pikaajalistele töötutele. Mõju neile on ebaproportsionaalselt väike või täiesti puuduv. ➢ Eraldi toetusmeetmeid ei ole disainitud ka erialase ja madala haridustasemega inimestele ega hariduslike erivajadustega inimestele. ➢ Tähelepanu vääriks ka tulevikuoskuste mainimine, suuremat lisandväärtust loovate oskuste arendamine ja nende sidumine haridustegevuste ja õppekavade arendamisega, nt milliseid tulevikuoskusi ja võtmepädevusi (sh info otsimise, haldamise, töötlemise ja analüüsiga jms seotud oskused), ülekantavaid oskusi (nt oskus töötada virtuaalsetes meeskondades, digi- töötubades jms; erinevate keelte, kultuuride tundmine ja neis sotsiaalsetes kontekstides, kultuuriruumides toimetulek) ning digioskusi toetatakse ja mis haridusastmetel, -tasemetel, formaalses hariduses või mitteformaalses hariduses need olulised on. Et toetatud oleks 55 Haridus- ja noorte-programm 2021-2024: https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/haridus_ja_noortep rogramm_2021_2024.pdf www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne õppijate, praeguste ja tuleviku töötajate mitmekesiste ja võtmetähtsusega tulevikuoskuste omandamine. ➢ Keskkonnaharidus (sh nt säästev areng) peaks olema loomulik osa kõigi erialade ja ainete õpetusest (uute õppekavade loomine ja olemasolevate täiendamine, lõimimine keskkonnaharidusega, sh kliimamuutuste mõju ja kohanemise teemadega). Kvaliteetse ja kättesaadava tasemeõppe ning paindliku täiend- ja ümberõppega paraneb erinevate ühiskonnagruppide konkurentsivõime ja võrdsed võimalused tööturul ning ühiskonnas. Meeldiv, eneseteostust, arengut ja väärilist sissetulekut pakkuv töökoht toetab inimese arengut ja soodustab tema osalemist ühiskonnaelus, kogukonnas, aidates seeläbi ka teisi ühiskonnaliikmeid. Haridusele vastav töökoht annab inimestele sissetuleku ja nii sotsiaalse kui majandusliku turvatunde. Tööjõu järjepidev hariduse, oskuste ja pädevuste tõus toetab kõrgema kvalifikatsiooni ja suurema sissetulekuga, vähem tervist kahjustavate töökohtade (nt vähem müra, vähem reostust, puhtam õhk, tervislikumad ja keskkonnasäästlikumad materjalid, tehnoloogiad jmt) teket nii linna- kui maapiirkondades. Kõrgema hariduse ja kvalifikatsiooniga töökohtadel kasutatakse uusi tehnoloogiaid, kaasaegseid töövõtteid, digilahendusi jms. Sellistel töökohtadel on vaja nii digioskusi, oskust koostööd teha kui teisi (sektoriti, valdkonniti, haruti) ülekantavaid nii erialaspetsiifilisi kui üldoskusi. Poliitikaeesmärgi Nutikam Eesti toetusmeetmed kasvatavad ühiskonnas TAI võimalusi ja võimekust ning aitavad juurde luua kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga tööjõu hõivet, kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohti ning toetavad ka olemasolevaid töökohti nutika spetsialiseerumise valdkondades. Laiemalt ettevõtete ja kitsamalt VKEde TAI tegevuste toetamine tõstab nende konkurentsivõimet (sh positsiooni väärtusahelas) ja pakub omakorda elanikkonnale, kogukonnas kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohti. Kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtadel on sissetulekud kõrgemad, millest paraneb töötajate majanduslik toimetulek ja elukvaliteet. Nende toetusmeetmetega paraneb otseselt TAI-ga seotud tegevuste, valdkondade, sh nt nutika spetsialiseerumise valdkonna, valdkondliku teadus- ja arendustegevusega ning VKE-de innovatsiooni, rahvusvahelisusega seotud töötajate kvalifikatsioon, paranevad nende teadmised-oskused ja majanduslik toimetulek. Järelikult toetusmeetmetel on otsene positiivne mõju kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga tööhõivele ja nende oskustele nutika spetsialiseerumise valdkondades ja kitsamalt valdkondlikus teadus- ja arendustegevuses ning tõenäoliselt kaudne nõrk positiivne mõju teistele eelnevaga seotud tegevustele, sfääridele. 87 88 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne ÕÜFi toetusmeetmetel tegevussuunas 1 ja tegevussuunas 2 on positiivne koondmõju tööturule, uute ja kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtade loomele, samuti tööhõive säilitamisele, töökohtade teisenemisele ja oskuste arendamisele, mitmekesistamisele ning inimeste hariduse taseme tõusule ja keskkonnahariduse ja –teadlikkuse kasvule. Konkreetsemalt, ÕÜFi toetusmeetmetel tegevussuunas 1 on otsene positiivne mõju tööturule, tööhõivele ning inimeste haridusele ja oskustele, mitmekesistades Ida-Viru majandus- ja ettevõtlustegevust, rikastades seda TAI tegevuste toetamisega, pakkudes selleks vajalikke tugiteenuseid, töötajatele täiend- ja ümberõpet ning luues sellega juurde kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohti. Osa toetusmeetmeid (nii tegevussuunas 1 kui tegevussuunas 2) aitavad tööstuses töökohti säilitada ja ümber kohandada, sh tõsta nende lisandväärtust, ning töötajatel liikuda võimalikult kiiresti ja valutult ühest sektorist, ühelt ametialalt teisele. Laialdane teadmus- ja tehnoloogiasiire teaduse (teadus- ja arendusasutused, haridus- ja õppeasutused) ning erasektori ettevõtete, ettevõtjate vahel toetab inimeste oskuste, teadmiste ning kvalifikatsiooni tõusu ning soodustab samuti kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtade teket. ➢ KSH märgib, et samas ei ole selge, millise kiirusega toimub teadmussiire ja kui hästi liigub see ühes taktis töökohtade loomega. Mitmekesist majandus- ja ettevõtlustegevust toidab inimeste haridustaseme tõstmine, koolitamine. Uued õppekavad kutse- ja kõrghariduses loovad täiskasvanutele juurde õpivõimalusi ja karjääriteid. ➢ KSH märgib, et tegevustel on kindlasti tugev mõju lühiajaliselt, ent ei ole teada, mis saab nt pärast töölt-tööle liikumise toetust, kas kõik loodud töökohad säilivad, kuidas need lühiajaliselt või keskpikas vaates teisenevad; kuidas muutub inimeste, töötajate motivatsioon end uuel töökohal, uues sektoris proovile panna (rahulolu, kohanemise edukus, inimeste kohanemisvõime ja kiirus on väga erinev); uusi oskusi, teadmisi täiendavalt juurde õppida (elukestev täiend-, ümberõpe, tasemeõpe). Seda tuleb kindlasti ka edasi seirata. Üldiselt ÕÜFi toetusmeetmed aitavad vähendada ja pidurdada tööturu, tööhõive ja oskuste regionaalset tasakaalutust, toetades kõrgema lisandväärtusega töökohtade loomet ning parandades praeguse ja tuleviku tööjõu konkurentsivõimet tööturul. Suure riski ja määramatusega on see, kui hästi õnnestub tegevussuuna 1 toetusmeetmeid õigesti ajastada, millised tegevused ja kui kiiresti peavad enne käivituma ning mõnede tegevuste puhul nt teadmussiire, TAI tegevuste tulemuslikkus ei ole täpselt teada, sh millal nende kasutegur nt tööturule, tööhõivele ilmneb. Laiemalt paindlikumad töövormid (nt kaugtöö, platvormi töö, tööampsud), mitmekesised töösuhted (nt renditöö) ning igasugune paindlik osalemine tööturul toetab üldist heaolu kasvu, pakkudes mitmekesiseid võimalusi tööturul ja tööhõives osaleda kõigile ühiskonnagruppidele www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne (sh riskirühmadele). Vajalik on, et tööturumeetmed ja tööturu tugiteenused võtaks parimal võimalikul viisil arvesse ka arenguid tööturul ja töö muutuvat iseloomu. Inimese töösuhe ja töökoht võib olla korraldatud mitmel erineval viisil, sh mitme erineva tööandja juures ja isesuguste koormuste ning tööaegadega. ➢ Tähelepanu tuleb pöörata, et lõhed traditsioonilise töösuhte ja kaasaegsele ühiskonnale iseloomulike erinevate töövormide, töösuhete vahel ei suureneks, vaid et kaasaja töövormide ja töösuhete sotsiaalne kindlustatus paraneks. Täiendus- ja ümberõppe ühiskonna ja tööturuvajadustele vastavaks viimist toetab poliitikaeesmärk Sotsiaalsem Eesti, eelkõige elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamisega ja õppe tööturu vajadustega seostamisega seotud eesmärgid. Nende tegevustega toetatakse õppekavade arendamist selliselt, et õppe maht ja sisu oleksid paremas kooskõlas tööturu ja ühiskonnavajadustega, õppe kvaliteedi ja mitmekesisuse parandamist, vajalike haridustöötajate järelkasvu, jm. Õppijate motivatsiooni ja valmisoleku suurendamist toetab poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti alaeesmärk elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamine, millega edendatakse õppimisvõimaluste populariseerimist ja täiskasvanute mitteformaalses õppes osalemist. Digioskuste parandamist kõikides eagruppides toetab poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti alaeesmärk õppe seostamine tööturu vajadustega, millega arendatakse IT haridust ja digioskusi. Täienduskoolituse kvaliteedi tagamist ja ühtlustamist toetab poliitikaeesmärgi Sotsiaalsem Eesti alaeesmärk „elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamine“, mille raames toetatakse täienduskoolitussüsteemi kvaliteediarendust. ➢ KSH märgib, et poliitikaeesmärgid ei too eraldi alaeesmärkidena välja tööandjate motivatsiooni ja panuse suurendamise toetamist töötajate täiendus- ja ümberõppes osalemiseks (v.a õiglase ülemineku fondi eesmärgid, kus koolitustegevuste arendamine on eraldi välja toodud) ning täiendus- ja ümberõppevõimaluste parandamist nutika spetsialiseerumise ja ühiskonnas muudes eelisarendamist vajavates valdkondades (eelkõige oleks see seotud poliitikaeesmärgiga Nutikam Eesti). 89  90 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 4.2.2 Mõju sotsiaalsele sidususele (sh lõimumisele) ja võrdsetele võimalustele (sh sooline võrdõiguslikkus) Säästev Eesti 21 eesmärk „Heaolu kasv“ on jaotatud kolmeks komponendiks 1) majanduslik jõukus, 2) turvalisuse tase ja 3) võimaluste mitmekesisus eneseteostuseks, rekreatsiooniks, sotsiaalseks suhtlemiseks. Arengukavas on heaolu kasvu ohtudena välja toodud noorte lahkumine ja üldine elanikkonna vananemine, materiaalse heaolu vähenemine või ebapiisav tagamine, majandusarengu pidurdumine, tööhõive vähene kasv. Säästev Eesti 21 eesmärk „Sidus ühiskond“ on jaotatud kolmeks 1) sotsiaalne kaasatus, 2) regionaalne tasakaal ja 3) tugev kodanikuühiskond. Arengukavas on sidusa ühiskonna ohtudena välja toodud, et Eestis on suur majanduslik ebavõrdsus (Gini kordaja), jätkub regionaalne tasakaalustamatus leibkondade sissetulekutes, tööhõive määras, hariduses. Probleemiks on ka avalike teenuste kvaliteet ja kättesaadavus ning kolmanda sektori vähene suutlikkus ühiskonna huvide esindamisel. Eesti 2035 arengukavas on „Sidusa ühiskonna“ alla koondatud teemad, mis tagavad Eestile sidusa ühiskonna ja inimestele võrdsed võimalused – majanduslik toimetulek ning ebavõrdsuse vähendamine ühiskonnas, sotsiaalkaitse, perepoliitika, tööturumeetmed. Peamiste probleemidena on kirjeldatud elanikkonna üldist vähenemist, elanikkonna vananemist, sündivuse vähenemist, suurenevat hoolduskoormust, puuetega inimeste osakaalu kasvamist, regionaalseid erinevusi suhtelises vaesuses elavate inimeste hulgas, soolist ja rahvuslikku palgalõhet. Rahvastiku ja sidusa ühiskonna arengukava 203056 eesmärk „Sidus Eesti“ on sõnastatud järgmiselt – „Eesti ühiskond on sidus ja stabiilne, kus eri keele- ja kultuuritaustaga inimesed kannavad Eesti identiteeti, osalevad aktiivselt ühiskonnaelus, jagavad demokraatlikke väärtusi ja ühist kultuuri-, info- ja suhtlusruumi ning tunnevad ühtekuuluvust. Loodud on võrdsed võimalused edukaks iseseisvaks toimetulekuks ja heaoluks kõigile inimestele.“ Peamiste probleemidena on välja toodud, et esineb piirkondlikku, sotsiaalset ja virtuaalset segregatsiooni, kohanemis- ja lõimumisteenused kohati dubleerivad üksteist ning sihtrühmad pole neist teadlikud, riigiasutustel on raske jõuda eesti keelest erineva emakeelega elanikkonnani, eri rahvusest ja erineva emakeelega inimesed suhtlevad omavahel vähe, tööturul esineb soolist ja keelepõhist segregatsiooni, mis väljendub palgalõhes ning ebavõrdsuses, paljud eesti keelest erineva emakeelega elanikud ei valda piisavalt hästi eesti keelt, 56 https://www.siseministeerium.ee/sites/default/files/arengukava_eelnou_1312.pdf www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne kohanemis- ja lõimumisvaldkonna teenused pole piisavalt efektiivsed ning partnerite koostöö teenuste pakkumisel pole tõhus. Lõimuv Eesti 2030 arengukava eesmärk on luua tingimused, et Eesti ühiskond oleks lõimunud ja sotsiaalselt sidus, erineva keele ja kultuuritaustaga inimesed osaleksid aktiivselt ühiskonnaelus ja jagaksid omavahel demokraatlikke väärtusi. Peamised teemad arengukavas on: tugev ja usalduslik side Eestiga, tihedad inimeste- ja kogukondade vahelised kontaktid, sotsiaalmajanduslik toimetulek ja ettevõtlikkus, tõhus eesti keele omandamine, ühise infovälja loomine, koos õppimine. Lõimumiskava tegevused on suunatud nii eesti emakeelega inimestele, pikaaegselt Eestis elanud muu emakeelega inimestele kui ka senisest enam uussisserändajatele ja pagulastele, ning rahvuskaaslastele, kes elavad väljaspool Eesti riigi piire, ja tagasipöördujatele. Eesti heaolu arengukava 2016–202357 on samuti otseselt suunatud sotsiaalse sidususe ja võrdsete võimaluste loomiseks. Arengukavas on esitatud kaks peamist eesmärki: 1) tööhõive kõrge tase ning pikk ja kvaliteetne tööelu ning 2) sotsiaalse ebavõrdsuse ja vaesuse vähenemine, sooline võrdsus ning suurem sotsiaalne kaasatus. Eestis esinevad suured sotsiaalsed erinevused nii soolises, rahvuslikus kui ka majanduslikus mõttes. Vaesus, sotsiaalne tõrjutus ja sissetulekute ebavõrdsus on jätkuvalt suur. Statistikaameti andmetel elas 2019. aastal Eestis absoluutses vaesuses 2,3% ja suhtelises vaesuses 20,7% elanikest. Kõige suurem on suhteline vaesus üksi elavate 65-aastaste ja vanemate vanusgrupis. Esineb ka piirkondlikke erinevusi, nii on suhtelise vaesuse määr suurem Hiiu (31,7%), Valga (30,3%) ja Ida-Viru (29,3%) maakonnas ning madalaim Harju (15,7%), Saare (19,2%) ja Lääne-Viru (19,6%) maakonnas. Materiaalses ilmajäetuses elavaid inimesi ehk neid, kes ei saa endale mitmeid ühiskonnas üldiselt levinud hüvesid lubada, oli 2020. aastal 6,5% Eesti elanikest. Eurostati andmetel oli 2019. aastal keskmiselt 21,1% ELi elanikest suhtelise vaesuse või sotsiaalse tõrjutuse ohus ning sissetuleku vaesuses 16,5% ELi elanikest. Tõsises materiaalses puuduses oli 2019. aastal 5,6% ELi elanikest. Eesti sooline palgalõhe on Eurostati andmetel ELi suurim, kuid siiski vähenenud viimase seitsme aasta jooksul 7,7 protsendipunkti (24,8% aastal 2013 ja 17,1% aastal 2019). Rahvusvähemuste seas on palgalõhe veelgi suurem.58 Statistikaameti andmetel oli naiste brutotunnitasu 2019. aastal 17,1% 57 Sotsiaalministeerium. Heaolu arengukava 2016 –2023. https://www.sm.ee/sites/default/files/content - editors/eesmargid_ja_tegevused/heaolu_arengukava_eelnou_0.docx 58 Eesti võrdse kohtlemise võrgustik (2020). Ühisaruanne Eesti kolmanda üldise korralise ülevaatuse (UPR) jaoks. https://humanrights.ee/app/uploads/2020/12/UPR_ET.pdf 91 92 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne väiksem kui meestel. Vene keelt kõnelevate naiste keskmine tunnitasu moodustab vaid 63% Eesti meeste keskmisest tunnitasust. ELi riikide palgalõhe oli 2019. aastal keskmiselt 14,1%.59 Üldine töötuse määr Eestis 2020. aastal Statistikaameti andmetel oli 6,8% (Kirde-Eestis 12,3% ja muudes piirkondades 6–7%, mitte-eestlaste töötuse määr on suurem kui eestlastel). Euroopa Liidus oli Eurostati andmetel töötuse määr sel aastal 7,3%. Eesti haridusnäitajad on võrreldes teiste riikidega küll valdavalt väga head, kuid õpitulemustes on märgatavad erinevused nii piirkondlikult kui ka eesti ja vene õppekeelega koolide vahel. Soolised erinevused esinevad ka üld-, kutse- ja kõrghariduses ja seda nii hariduses, oskustes kui ka hilisemas tööturu konkurentsivõimes. Hariduses on vahe tüdrukute kasuks. Poiste väljalangevus põhikoolist on tüdrukutest kaks korda suurem. Ka mitteõppivate noorte (18–24a) hulgas on noormehi kuni kaks korda rohkem kui neide. Poistest jätkab kutseõppes 36%, tüdrukutest pea kaks korda vähem ehk 19%. Gümnaasiumisse suundub 60% põhikooli lõpetanud poistest ja 78% tüdrukutest. Üliõpilaste hulgas on 60% naisi ja 40% mehi. Eri õppeastmetel ja –liikides on sooline jaotus suhteliselt sarnane. Valdav enamus Eesti etnilisi vähemusi elab Ida-Virumaal ja Harjumaal, sh Tallinnas. Vähemused moodustavad 26% Eesti elanikkonnast, ent üksnes 4% vähemusrahvuste esindajatest elab mujal Eestis. Võrreldes teiste piirkondadega on halvimad integratsiooninäitajad Ida-Virumaal. Eesti ühiskonna üldine sidusus pole olulistes võtmevaldkondades (sh tööturg, haridus, rahvuste regionaalne paiknemine, eri kodukeelega inimeste omavaheline suhtlemine) oluliselt muutunud.60 Viimastel aastatel on vabatahtlikus tegevuses osalenud inimeste osakaal kasvanud, kuid vanemaealised, noored ja eesti keelest erineva emakeelega inimesed on keskmisest vähem aktiivsed. Üks peamisi poliitilisi vahendeid ebavõrdsuse vähendamiseks ja võrdsete võimaluste edendamiseks on investeerimine haridusse ja oskustesse. Palgaerinevustega võitlemiseks on parim võimalus täiendada madala kvalifikatsiooniga töötajate oskusi, et reageerida tehnoloogia arengust tulenevatele muutustele, ning luua rohkem töökohti. Lastele ja noortele aitab võrdsemaid võimalusi luua kvaliteetse hariduse kättesaadavus, olenemata nende taustast või asukohast. Sissetulekute ebavõrdsuse vähendamisele aitab kaasa sobiv maksu- ja sotsiaalkindlustussüsteem. Võimaluste kasvava ebavõrdsuse vastu saab võidelda kvaliteetsete sotsiaalteenuste pakkumisega (sh lapsehoid, hooldusteenused), aga ka investeerides transporti ja e-teenuste kättesaadavusse. 59 Gender Pay Gap across EU. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics -explained/pdfscache/6776.pdf 60 Rahvastiku ja sidusa ühiskonna arengukava, 2030. https://www.kul.ee/sites/kulminn/files/arengukava_eelnou.pdf www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Sotsiaalse sidususe ja võrdsete võimalustega on peamiselt seotud neljas poliitikaeesmärk Sotsiaalsem Eesti. Samas võib kaudsemaid mõjusid leida ka teiste poliitikaeesmärkide alt. Erieesmärkidest on sotsiaalsete erinevuste vähenemisega seotud järgnevad: ▪ Sotsiaalse kaasatuse ja sidususe suurenemisele aitavad kaasa järgmised erieesmärgid – 4.2 Pikaajalise hoolduse korraldus, 4.4 Eesti keel ja lõimumine, 4.5 Lapsed ja noored; kaudsemalt erieesmärgid 6.2.3 Ühiskondlikku muutust toetavate sotsiaal- ja terviseteenuste arendamine ning 6.2.4 Omavalitsuste ja keskvalitsuste investeeringud sotsiaalse sidususe suurendamiseks. ▪ Sotsiaalse sidususe regionaalsele tasakaalule aitavad kaudselt kaasa erieesmärgid 1.4.3 Regionaalareng (VKEde konkurentsivõime tugevdamine Kagu-Eestis), 1.5 Kiire internet, 2.1.1 Jätkusuutlik ja kättesaadav elamufond, 6.1 Mitmekesine ja nutikas ettevõtluse areng, 6.2.5 Piirkondlike algatuste toetus õiglaseks üleminekuks. ▪ Majandusliku heaolu paranemist toetavad erieesmärgid – 4.2 Pikaajalise hoolduse korraldus (kaudselt), 4.3 Töövõimereform II ja terviseedendus, 4.5 Lapsed ja noored, 4.6 Enim puudust kannatavad inimesed, 4.7 Tööhõive, 4.9 Õppe seostamine tööturu vajadustega. ▪ Võrdseid ja mitmekesiseid võimalusi toetavad erieesmärgid – 4.1 Sotsiaal ja tervishoiu taristu investeeringud, 4.2 Pikaajalise hoolduse korraldus, 4.3 Töövõimereform II ja terviseedendus, 4.7 Tööhõive, 4.8 Elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamine, 4.9 Õppe seostamine tööturu vajadustega, 4.10 Põhikoolivõrgu korrastamine. Täiendavalt: 1.3 E-riigi arendamine, 1.5 Kiire internet, 2.5 Suuremate linnapiirkondade säästev liikuvus, 3.1 Maanteetransport, 3.2 Keskkonnasäästlik transport. ▪ Soolise võrdõiguslikkuse parandamisele on kaudselt suunatud erieesmärk 4.7 Tööhõive. ▪ Lõimumise parandamisele on suunatud erieesmärgid 4.4 Eesti keel ja lõimumine ning kaudselt 4.8 Elukestva õppe võimaluste edendamine. Eelnevast on näha, et soolise võrdõiguslikkuse parandamisele ja lõimumisele on suunatud vaid üksikud erieesmärgid, teiste puhul pole soolise võrdõiguslikkuse aspekti või lõimumise toetamist eraldi välja toodud, kuigi kavandatavad tegevused võivad hiljem neile suunatud olla. 93  94 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 4.2.3 Mõju inimese tervisele, tervisekäitumisele Üleilmne Säästva arengu eesmärk „Tagada kõikidele vanuserühmadele hea tervis ja heaolu“ on Eestis seotud järgmiste näitajatega: oodatav eluiga, tervena elada jäänud aastad, liigne kehakaal, surmaga lõppenud õnnetusjuhtumid, mürgistused ja traumad, välditavad surmad, suremus kroonilistesse haigustesse, ohtlike viirustega nakatumine, enesetapud, psüühika- ja käitumishäired, alkoholi ja tubakatarbimine. Statistikaameti andmetel oli 2019. aastal meeste oodatav eluiga sünnimomendil 74,4 ja naistel 82,8 aastat. Oodatav eluiga on tõusnud, kuid see jääb alla Euroopa Liidu keskmise: 2018.a andmetel oli EL’i meeste oodatav eluiga 78,3 aasta ja naistel 83,6 aastat61. Oodatav eluiga erineb nii sooliselt kui ka piirkondlikult: Kagu-Eestis on tervena elatud eluiga üle kümme aastat lühem võrreldes Põhja- ja Lääne-Eesti elanikega62. Oodatav eluiga sõltub paljudest teguritest (sh ümbritsev keskkond, tervishoiuteenuste kättesaadavus, tööohutus, inimeste elatustase ja terviseteadlikkus). Sooline erinevus tuleneb sellest, et mehed on sageli riskialtimad (sh tarvitavad enam alkoholi ja suitsetavad), hõivatud füüsilistel raskematel ja ohtlikematel töökohtadel. Tervisekäitumine sõltub ka haridustasemest. Tervena elavad mehed 54,1 ja naised 57,6 eluaastat63, tervena elatud eluiga pole aga viimasel kümnel aastal pikenenud. Ülemäärase kehakaaluga inimeste arvu suureneb (2018.a oli liigse kehakaaluga 51% elanikkonnast), sh suureneb ülekaaluliste noorte arv. Surmaga lõppenud õnnetusjuhtumite, mürgistuste ja traumade arv on järjest vähenenud, kuid endiselt on meeste suremuskordaja neli korda suurem kui naistel. Vähenenud on suremus kroonilistesse haigustesse, välditavate surmade, HIV nakkuse, tuberkuloosi, B- ja C-hepatiidi uute juhtude esinemise ning enesetappude arv. Võrreldes aga Euroopa Liidu keskmiste näitajatega on Eestis endiselt kõrgem nii uute HIV-juhtude kui ka tuberkuloosi haigestumise arv. Ka enesetappe on Eestis rohkem kui Euroopa Liidus keskmiselt. Psüühika- ja käitumishäirete esmahaigestumuskordaja Eestis suureneb, samuti on Eesti kõnealuse näitaja väärtus kõrgeim Euroopa Liidu võrdluses. Alkoholitarbijaid ja igapäevasuitsetajaid on Eestis samuti rohkem 61 www.stat.ee 62 Strateegia Eesti 2035 63 Statistikaamet, 2019.a andmed www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne kui Euroopa Liidus keskmiselt, kuigi Eesti-siseselt on alkoholi tarbijate ja igapäevasuitsetajate arv vähenenud.64 Rakenduskava ja partnerlusleppe elluviimisega kaasnev mõju tervisele ja tervisekäitumisele ning eeltoodud tervisenäitajatele on valdavalt kaudne ja kumulatiivne, kuigi teatud tegevuste mõju võib olla eeltoodud tervisenäitajatele ka otsene (nt teede ohutuse parendamisel surmaga lõppenud õnnetusjuhtude arvule). Poliitikaeesmärkide positiivne kumulatiivne mõju tervisele ja tervisekäitumisele avaldub läbi keskkonnaohutuse tõstmise ja keskkonnakoormuse vähendamise, liikluskeskkonna parendamise, hariduse ja teadlikkuse tõstmise ning teenuste kättesaadavuse parendamise. Keskkonnaohutuse tõstmist ja keskkonnakoormuse vähendamist toetavad kaudselt Nutika Eesti eesmärgid kui innovatiivsete tehnoloogiatega kaasneb vähem heiteid õhku ning väiksem toorme- ja energiavajadus. Rohelisem Eesti toetab keskkonnaohutust elamufondi parendamise kaudu ja säästlikuma energiatarbimise läbi, mis kumulatiivselt vähendavad õhuheiteid. Kliimamuutustega kohanemise eesmärgid toetavad ohutumat keskkonda otsesemalt (nt üleujutusohu vältimine, sademeveelahendused, turvalisemad sadamate akvatooriumid jms). Ringmajanduse soodustamise eesmärgid toetavad samuti seda, et väheneb keskkonnakoormus. Keskkonnakoormuse vähendamist toetab ka säästva linnalise liikumise arendamine. Ühendatum Eesti toetab raudteetranspordi arengut, mis vähendab autokasutust ja seega õhuheiteid. Linnalise keskkonna parendamist toetab Inimesele Lähedasema Eesti linnapiirkondade eesmärk. Toodud suundade eesmärgid toetavad tervist nii otseselt kui ka kaudselt, vähendades kumulatiivselt keskkonnakoormust ja tõstes keskkonnaohutust. ➢ KSH märgib, et samas võib kavandatavate tegevustega kaasneda tervise seisukohast ka negatiivne mõju – nt Ühendatuma Eesti tegevusega TEN-T maanteede ehitus ja rekonstrueerimine võib sõidukiiruse ja -mugavuse osas veelgi atraktiivsemaks muutuda autokasutus, mis suurendab keskkonnakoormust. Liikluskeskkonna parendamist toetavad Rohelisema Eesti säästva linnalise liikumise eesmärgid, mis toetavad aktiivsemaid liikumisviise (sh jalgsi ja rattaga), multimodaalsust ning seeläbi loovad autokasutusele atraktiivsemaid alternatiive. Ühendatum Eesti toetab ühenduste ohutust ja kergliiklusteede ehitust, mis soodustab ka tervisesporti ja igapäevast rattaga/jalgsi liikumist. 64 Statistikaamet (2018) Säästva arengu näitajad 95 96 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Säästva liikumise fookus on valdavalt aga suurtel linnapiirkondadel ning ka Tallinnal (kuna eesmärgist eeldatavalt suur osa on ette nähtud Tallinna trammi kavandamisele). Hariduse ja teadlikkuse kasv toimub valdavalt läbi Sotsiaalsema Eesti eesmärkide. Haritum ja koolitatum tööjõud on terviseteadlikum, võimekam terviseprobleemide seoste nägemisel ja lahenduste otsmisel. Töötajate haridustaseme ja oskuste taseme tõus aitab neil kauem ja tervena hõives püsida. Kvaliteetse ja kättesaadava tasemeõppe ning paindliku täiend- ja ümberõppega paraneb erinevate ühiskonnagruppide (osalise ja vähenenud töövõimega töötajad, terviseprobleemiga tööjõud, NEET noored, vähese hariduse ja erialase hariduseta tööjõud, uus sisserändajad jt) konkurentsivõime ja võrdsed võimalused tööturul ning ühiskonnas. Rahuldust ja väärilist sissetulekut pakkuv töökoht toetab inimese arengut ja vaimset heaolu ning soodustab osalemist ühiskonnas. Kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga tööjõudu toetavad Sotsiaalsema Eesti kõrval ka Nutika Eesti eesmärgid. Kõrgemat tehnoloogiat nõudvad töökohad ja kõrgemat kvalifikatsiooni vajavad töökeskkonnad on suurema tõenäosusega tervislikumad (nt vähem müra, vähem reostust, puhtam õhk, tervislikumad ja keskkonnasäästlikumad materjalid, tehnoloogiad jmt). ➢ KSH märgib, et samas võib kõrgema kvalifikatsiooniga töökohtade arv tähendada ka, et kuigi väheneb tervist kahjustavate ja ohtlike töökohade osatähtsus, suureneb istuva kontoritöö osatähtsus, millega kaasnevad teised terviseriskid (nt väiksem kehaline aktiivsus, liigne kehakaal jms). Teenuste kättesaadavust toetavad erinevad eesmärgid erineval moel: digijuurdepääsetavust läbi E-Riigi arendamise toetavad Nutikama Eesti eesmärgid, füüsilist juurdepääsetavust läbi paremate ühenduste toetavad nii Ühendatuma Eesti kui ka Rohelisema Eesti eesmärgid. Teenuste valiku ja kättesaadavuse osas on otsene ja kaudne mõju tervisele Sotsiaalsema Eesti eesmärkidel, mis pööravad tähelepanu tervishoiutaristule, pikaajalisele hooldusele jms teenuste tagamisele. Inimesele lähedasem Eesti toetab teenuste kättesaadavuse tõstmist regionaalselt. ÕÜF eesmärgid toetavad Ida-Virumaa keskkonnaohutust ja keskkonnakoormuse vähendamist. Uued kaasaegsed keskkonnasäästlikud lahendused ja tehnoloogiad on eeldatavalt keskkonnaohutust arvestavad ja keskkonnakoormust vähendavad (nt vähem häiringuid ja õhuheidet, suurem ressursitõhusus). Fondi atraktiivse elukeskkonna tegevussuund on seotud ka füüsilise keskkonna probleemide lahendamisega ja tervisekahjude vähendamisega. Fondi eesmärgid toetavad hariduse ja teadlikkuse kasvu, edendades hariduses nii täiendkoolitust kui tasemeõppes uute õppekavade loomet. Haritum ja koolitatud tööjõud hoolib enam ja on teadlikum enda tervisest, oskab sellele tähelepanu pöörata ja seostada keskkonnariskide, -probleemidega. www.hendrikson.ee  Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Täiendkoolituse mahu suurendamine, uued tasemeõppe õppekavad toetavad tööjõu uute ja tulevikuoskuste arengut, seega targemate ja uusi tehnoloogiaid kasutavate töökohtade loomist. Uued kaasaegsed keskkonnasäästlikud lahendused ja tehnoloogiad aitavad hoida inimeste, töötajate tervist Samas on sarnaselt kogu ülejäänud Eestiga ka siin ohuks istuva töö osatähtsuse kasv ning kaasnevad terviseriskid. ÕÜF toetab sotsiaal- ja terviseteenuste arendamist ning väiksemaid teenuste arendamise investeeringuid ka läbi piirkondlike algatuste. ➢ Liikluskeskkonna parendamist ÕÜF-st üheselt välja ei tule – nt kergliiklusteede kavandamist (samuti ei ole selge, kas Rohelisema Eesti eesmärk suuremate linnade säästev liikumine katab Ida-Virumaa linnapiirkondi). Kokkuvõtvalt võib eeldada, et SPD elluviimisel eespool toodud tervisenäitajad paranevad. Samas on eesmärgid ja tegevused pigem üldsõnalised ning regionaalne fookus on välja toodud võrdlemisi väheste eesmärkide ja tegevuste puhul (v.a ÕÜF). Rakenduskava ja partnerlusleppe elluviimisega ei saa seega üheselt eeldata, et erinevate tervisenäitajate – nt oodatav eluiga – regionaalne erinevus väheneks. 4.2.4 Mõju kultuuripärandile Kultuuripärandi all mõistetakse käesolevas KSH-s eelkõige materiaalset ehk ainelist pärandit. Pärandi käsitlus tuleneb rakenduskava olemusest ja täpsusastmest65. Materiaalse kultuuripärandi valdkonda kuuluvad väga erinevad objektid ja alad: ehitised ja ehitatud keskkond, kultuurmaastikud, erinevat materiaalset pärandit kandvad objektid (nt arheoloogiamälestised, pärandkultuuriobjektid, looduslikud pühapaigad jms). Materiaalse pärandi hulka kuulub ka veealune pärand (nt vrakid). Materiaalne pärand on erinevalt väärtustatud – kaitstud õigusakti(de)ga riigi tasemel, kaitstud kohaliku omavalitsuse tasemel, väärtustatud maakonna ja/või kohaliku omavalitsuse arengudokumentides (tingimuste või soovituste kaudu) jms. Materiaalse pärandi väärtustamine on eesmärkidena toodud nii üleriigilises planeeringus Eesti 2030, strateegias Eesti 2035+, Säästev Eesti 21 ja Eesti Keskkonnastrateegias aastani 2030. 65 Pärand on aineline ja vaimne. Vaimse kultuuripärandi moodustavad nt suulised traditsioonid ja väljendusvormid; esituskunstid; kogukondlik tegevus, rituaalid ja pidulikud sündmused; looduse ja ilmaruumiga seotud teadmised ja tavad; traditsioonilised käsitööoskused jms. SPD valdavalt vaimse pärandi valdkondi ei suuna, v.a Õiglase ülemineku fondi kaudu kogukondlikke tegevusi. Samuti ei suuna SPD teisaldatava materiaalse pärandiga (nt maalid, skulptuurid, käsikirjad jms) seotud teemasid. 97 98 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Ehituspärand. Eesti ehituspärandist on osa kaitstud muinsuskaitseseadusega. Eestis on ehitismälestistena kaitse all 5274 objekti66, mille hulka kuuluvad nii hooned kui ka erinevad rajatised (nt piirdeaiad, teed jms objektid). Täiendavalt on Eestis ajaloomälestistena kaitse all 1273 ajaloomälestist, mille seas leidub samuti hooneid, aga sageli ka muid objekte (nt kalmistuid, ühishauad jms). Kuna kõiki objekte ei ole vajalik ega ka otstarbekas kaitse alla võtta, on paljud objektid väärtustatud omavalitsuste arengudokumentide (planeeringute) kaudu, kus seatakse nendele säilimise ja kasutamise tingimused. Sellisteks objektideks on nt XX sajandi arhitektuuripärandi objektid (1943), maaehituspärandi objektid (nt rehemajad, vallamajad ja koolid, kokku 618 objekti), militaarpärandi objektid (348 objekti)67. Erinevaid hooneid ja rajatisi väärtustavad ka pärandkultuuriobjektid (39 146 objekti). Pärandkultuuriobjektid on väga erinäolised, need peegeldavad teatud perioodi elu- ja töökorraldust mõisakultuurist kuni Nõukogude perioodini (nt veskid, kõrtsid, taluhäärberid; mõisahooned jms). Strateegia Eesti 2035 toob välja, et kolmandik Eesti ehituspärandist68 on avariilises või halvas seisundis ning strateegilise suunana toob Eesti 2035 välja, et elukeskkonna kavandamine toimub pärandit hoidvalt; samuti on kultuuriruumi püsimiseks vajalik kultuuripärandi austamine. Koostatav Kultuuri arengukava 2021-203069 toob samuti välja, et kultuuripärandi pikaajaline säilimine pole piisavalt tagatud, see puudutab ka halvas või avariilises seisus arhitektuurimälestiste osakaalu. Otseselt toetavad rakenduskava eesmärgid ja tegevused väärtusliku ehituspärandi hoidmist ja säilimist minimaalselt. SPD täpsusastmes saab välja tuua ehitispärandi käsitluste vaid ÕÜF-i ja Ida- Virumaa tööstuspärandi70 kontekstis – tööstuspärandi säilitamine ja tööstuspärandi kasutuselevõtmine uuel otstarbel. Positiivne mõju võib antud tegevusetega kaasneda nii mälestistele kui ka kaitsestaatuseta ehituspärandile (nt XX sajandi arhitektuuripärandi objektid). ➢ Kavandatud eesmärkide ja tegevuste otsest mõju ei saa välja tuua Ida-Virumaa muule ehituspärandile või kogu ülejäänud Eesti ehituspärandile. Mõju puudumist saab avariilise või halvas seisundis ehituspärandi mõistes lugeda ka negatiivseks mõjuks – planeerimisdokumendi elluviimisel pärandi seisund ei parane. 66 Allikas: register.muinas.ee, 25.03.2021 seisuga 67 Register.muinas.ee, andmed seisuga 25.03.2021 68 Strateegia ei täpsusta, kas mõeldud on ehitusmälestisi või ehituspärandit laiemalt. Eeldatavalt o n viidatud ehitusmälestistele. 69 Käesoleva KSH koostamise ajal on kättesaadav arengukava raamdokument Kultuuri arengukava 2021 -2030 koostamise ettepanek (https://www.kul.ee/et/kultuur2030 70 SPD mainib tööstuspärandit ka kui võimalust meetme raames, seega on toetus tööstuspärandi säilimisele lahtine www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Väärtuslikule ehituspärandile võib, aga ei pruugi olla positiivset mõju antud eesmärgil: 2.1.1 Jätkusuutlik ja kättesaadav elamufond, mis toetab korterelamute rekonstrueerimist ning korterelamute tehnosüsteemide ja kandekonstruktsioonide rekonstrueerimise toetamist äärealadel. Samas ei ole eesmärk väärtusliku ehituspärandi keskne ning ehituspärandiga arvestamine võib olla juhuslik või ka puududa (nt toetus suunatakse nö tavalisse elamufondi, millel ehituspärandi mõistes märkimisväärne väärtus puudub). Mitmed poliitikaeesmärgid on suunatud majandus- ja elukeskkonna parandamisele, millel võib olla kaudne positiivne mõju ehituspärandile: kui eesmärkidega saavutatakse Eesti ühiskonna parem toimimine, elujõulise majanduskeskkonna ja elanikkonnaga, siis väärtustatakse ja korrastatakse eeldatavalt ka enam ehituspärandit kui osa kvaliteetsest elukeskkonnast. Samas toimib nii majandus- kui elukeskkonna paranemine käesoleva rakenduskava elluviimisel eeldatavalt Eesti lõikes selektiivselt – ühelt poolt seetõttu, et rakenduskava kavandatud eesmärgid on sageli üldised ja regionaalsete erieesmärkide/tegevusteta; teiselt seetõttu et võimekamad taotlejad on ruumiliselt koondunud suurematesse keskustesse. Antud järeldustele on jõudnud ka eelmise rahastusperioodi vahe- ja järelhindamised, mis toovad välja, et suur osa toetustest lähevad suurematesse keskustesse: Tallinnasse (laiemalt Harjumaale) ja ka Tartusse, mis tugevdavad veelgi suuremate keskuste suhtelist toimimist võrreldes väiksemate kohtadega71. Ehituspärandi kontekstis tähendab see, et ka majanduslik võimekus pärandit väärtustada ja korrastada koondub suurematesse keskustesse. Väljaspool suuremaid linnapiirkondi oleks ehituspärandi renoveerimisel eeldatavalt suurim mõju maakonnakeskustes ja väikelinnades (eelkõige kahanevates linnades), ruumiliselt eelkõige linnakeskustes. Väiksemate linnade keskustes ehituspärandi renoveerimise mõju ei piirne vaid renoveeritava hoonega. See parandab keskuse ja linna imagot, tõstab kesklinna atraktiivsust, tugevdades seega linnakeskust nii elu- kui ettevõtluskeskkonnana. ➢ KSH teeb ettepaneku otsese positiivse mõju tekitamiseks ehituspärandi kontekstis töötada välja või siduda teatud eesmärk või tegevus ehituspärandiga: • Näiteks eesmärk 2.1.1 puhul lisada eesmärgile ehituspärandiks olevate korterelamute renoveerimine; 71 Euroopa Liidu Ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava 2014 –2020 vahehindamine, Ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava 2014–2020 ettevõtlus-ja innovatsioonitoetuste tulemuslikkuse hindamine 99 100 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne • Luua uus eesmärk/tegevus: Maakonnakeskuste ja väikelinnade märgiliseks hooneks72 oleva ehituspärandi (või kitsamalt ka ehitusmälestiste) rekonstrueerimine. ➢ Kaudse positiivse mõju suurendamiseks seada regionaalsed eesmärgid ja/või tegevused (vt ptk 4.2.1) Linnaehituslikud väärtuslikud alad. Ehitatud linnalises keskkonnas väärtustatakse teatud perioodi ehitus- ja planeerimistraditsioone hästi kandvaid piirkondi. Muinsuskaitseseadusega on kaitstud muinsuskaitsealad 11 Eesti linnas, sh on Tallinna vanalinn ka UNESCO maailmapärandi objektiks. Kohalikud omavalitsused väärtustavad ehitatud keskkonna omanäolisi piirkondi miljööväärtuslike hoonestusaladena linnalistes asulates: linnades, alevites ja alevikes. Rakenduskavaga kavandatud eesmärkide mõju on linnalise keskkonna väärtustatud aladele kaudne: kui eesmärkidega saavutatakse Eesti ühiskonna parem toimimine, elujõulise majanduskeskkonna ja elanikkonnaga, siis hinnatakse ja korrastatakse eeldatavalt ka enam väärtuslikke linnapiirkondi osana elukeskkonnast. Otsene positiivne mõju on võimalik juhul, kui rakenduskava tegevuste elluviimisel paraneb ehitiste seisund linnalise ehituspärandi mõistes väärtustatud piirkondades. Positiivne mõju aladele võib olla seega eesmärgil 2.1.1 - „Jätkusuutlik ja kättesaadav elamufond“. Samas on ka võimalik, et antud eesmärgi täitmisel ei arvestata eraldi väärtustatud linnaliste piirkondadega ning raha suunatakse pigem n-ö tavalisse elupiirkondadesse. ➢ KSH märgib, et väärtustatud linnapiirkondi toetaks eelpool toodud ettepanek: 2.1.1 puhul lisada eesmärgile ehituspärandiks olevate korterelamute renoveerimine. Positiivne mõju väärtustatud linnapiirkondadele võib kaudselt kaasneda eesmärgiga 5.1 – „Linnapiirkondade areng“, mille tegevuseks on „Suuremate linnapiirkondade arendamine (sh linnaruumi arendamine)“. Linna avaliku ruumi areng tõstab piirkonna ruumi fookusesse, mistõttu sageli kaasneb sellega ka piirkonna hoonete korrastamine73. Samas aga, linnapiirkondi mõistetakse eesmärgis suurte linnapiirkondade kontekstis (Ida-Viru ja Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu), puudub maakonnakeskuste ja väikelinnade mõõde. Eesmärk 5.2, mis on suunatud regionaalarengule ja piirkondade konkurentsivõime tugevdamisele, ei too samaväärset fookust linnakeskkonnale, vaid mainib elukeskkonna arendamist üldisemalt ja seda pigem ettevõtluse ja kohalike avalike teenuste toetamise võtmes. 72 Nt linna maamärgid, olulised ja sageli külastatavad hooned, vaatamisväärtuseks olevad hooned. 73 Analoogne positiivne kaudne mõju oleks ka üksikutele ehituspärandiobjektidele www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne ➢ KSH teeb ettepaneku lisada eesmärgile 2.1.1 ehituspärandiks olevate korterelamute renoveerimine ning eesmärgile 5.2.1 linnaruumi arendamise maakonnakeskustes ja väikelinnades. Kultuurmaastikud. Eestis toimub kultuurmaastike kaitse ja säilitamine erinevaid meetmeid kasutades. Rangeima kaitsega on kultuurmaastikud, mis kuuluvad rahvusparkide või maastikukaitsealade koosseisu (sh looduspargid, arboreetumid, pargid) – need alad on kaitstud looduskaitseseadusega. Kultuurmaastikud võivad olla kaitse alla võetud ka kohaliku omavalitsuse tasemel. Kultuurmaastike säilitamine ja hoidmine toimub väärtuslike maastike kaudu – väärtuslike maastike sisendi annavad regionaalselt maakonnaplaneeringud, maastike piiride ja kasutustingimuste täpsustamine toimub omavalitsuste üldplaneeringutes. Kultuurmaastik võib olla üldplaneeringutes väärtustatud ka miljööaladena (nt miljööväärtuslikud karjamaad, kadastikud jms). Kultuurmaastikud väljaspool väärtuslikke maastikke on eelkõige traditsiooniline hajaasustus, kus võib samuti paikneda erinevaid kultuuriväärtuslikke objekte, pärandkooslusi jmt. Maastike kui ressursi olulisuse (sh elukeskkonnana) toob välja Säästev Eesti 21 ja väärtuslike maastike hoidmise vajaduse üleriigiline planeering Eesti 2030+. Rakenduskava kavandatavate eesmärkide mõju erinevatele kultuurmaastikele võib olla nii kaudselt positiivne kui ka kaudselt negatiivne. Kaudne positiivne mõju saavutatakse erinevate kavandatavate eesmärkide koosmõjus eeldatavalt seeläbi, et kasvab ühiskondlik jõukus, toimetulek ja teadlikkus, mistõttu ka elanikkond väärtustab kultuurmaastikke kui olulist osa elukeskkonnast. ➢ Kaudne negatiivne mõju on tegevuste elluviimisel võimalik sel juhul, kui ettevõtluse areng (nt ka taastuvenergeetika) toimub maastikuväärtuste arvelt või maastikuväärtusi ebapiisavalt kaaludes – st maastikke ennast ei nähta ressursina, vaid ettevõtlust piirava faktorina. Eeldatav positiivne mõju maastikele on ringmajanduse arendamisel (eesmärk 2.4), mis vähendab primaarse ressursi vajadust ning seeläbi survet maastikele, samuti vähendab see jäätme ladestamiseks eeldatavalt vajaminevaid maa-alasid74. Piirkondlikult on positiivne mõju Ida-Viru maastikele ÕÜF-l, eelkõige tegevussuunal 2. Atraktiivne elukeskkond, mis toetab 6.2.1. kaugkütte lahtisidumist põlevkivist ja 6.2.2 põlevkivi kaevandamise 74 Kuna enim jäätmeid tekib põlevkivienergeetikas ja -tööstuses, oleks ringmajanduse maastiku line mõju oluline Ida-Virumaal. 101 102 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne ja töötlemisega seotud keskkonnaprobleemide lahendamist. Viimase eesmärgi tegevused keskenduvad sh pärandmõjude likvideerimisele, mille läbi muutuvad endised põlevkivi kaevandamise ja tootmisega seotud alad vähem ohtlikuks ning alasid on võimalik korrastada ja taaskasutada uutel eesmärkidel – nii rekreatsiooniks, rohealadeks kui ka võimalusel nt erineva ettevõtluse (sh taastuvenergeetika) tarbeks. Ringmajanduse tegevused on ÕÜF-i eesmärgiga 6.1.4. eelkõige suunatud väikeettevõtlusele ja piirkondlikele algatustele nn „pehmete tegevuste“ toetamiseks (eesmärk 6.2.5), samas on suured ressursikasutajad ja jäätmetekitajad Ida-Virumaal suurettevõtted (eelkõige töötlev tööstus, kaevandussektor). Kuna ressursside ammutamine ja kaevandusjäätmete ladestamine mõjutab otseselt kultuurmaastikke kui kultuuripärandi materiaalseid kandjaid, jääb positiivne mõju maastikele vaid väikeettevõtlust välja tuues väheseks. ➢ KSH teeb ettepaneku täpsustada ÕÜF-i eesmärkides/tegevustes, et ringmajanduse arendamine on oluline ka Ida-Viru suurettevõtluse puhul. Muu kultuuripärand. Rakenduskava ei käsitle veealasid, seega mõju veealusele pärandile puudub. Samuti ei käsitleta üldjuhul vaimse pärandi teemasid75, v.a ÕÜF-i puhul, mille tegevuste täpsusaste erineb teiste laiemate poliitikaeesmärkide täpsusastmest. Vaimse pärandi puhul saab siin välja tuua erinevaid pehmeid tegevusi eesmärgi 6.2.5 juures, nt kohaliku identiteedi säilimine/ arendamine / lahti mõtestamine; üritused kogukondade loomiseks, võrgustumiseks ja „kodutunde“ loomiseks; tänavafestivalid. Antud tegevused toetavad Säästva Eesti 21 kultuuriruumi elujõulisuse eesmärki nii kultuuriruumi ulatuse, funktsionaalsuse kui ka pidevuse mõistes. 75 SPD käsitleb eesti keele õpet, kuid mitte otseselt vaimse pärandi mõistes (nt Eesti piirkondlikud murrakud, kõnepruuk). www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 5 ETTEPANEKUD RAKENDUSKAVA JA PARTNERLUSLEPPE TÄIENDAMISEKS, SOODSATE MÕJUDE VÕIMENDAMISEKS NING EBASOODSATE MÕJUDE LEEVENDAMISEKS KSH poolt tehtud ettepanekud ja soovitused ebasoodsate mõjude leevendamiseks ja soodsate mõjude võimendamiseks on konteksti säilitamiseks esitatud aruande sisupeatükkides läbivalt, vastavate teemakäsitluste juures, seda nii peatükis 3 (vastavusanalüüs) kui ka 4 (välismõjude analüüs). Peatükis 3 on need välja toodud eristatuna tekstist jaotusega- KSH tähelepanekud/ettepanekud, ning peatükis 4 tähistatud sümboliga (mis võimaldab need lihtsasti leida vastava teemakäsitluse juures). Neid läbivalt esitatud ettepanekuid siinkohal ei korrata. Rakenduskavaga seatud eesmärgid on pigem positiivse mõjuga ja nende elluviimine aitab kaasa keskkonnaeesmärkide saavutamisele. Rakenduskavaga ei kavandata poliitikaeemärke, mille rakendumisel oleks ette näha ebasoodsat mõju või mõju suurenemist looduskeskkonna aspektidele. 103 104 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 6 ÜLEVAADE KSH KORRALDUSEST JA AVALIKKUSE KAASAMISEST 6.1 Ülevaade KSH protsessist KSH ja selle tulemuste avalikustamise ajakava on esitatud tabelis 4. Seejuures tuleb märkida, et ajakava võib protsessi vältel täpsustuda ja muutuda, vastavalt reaalsetele arengutele SPD ja KSH töös. Tabel 6.1-1. SPD ja KSH aruande koostamise orienteeruv ajakava EL vahendite Aeg KSH etapid ja tegevused Aeg/teostamine planeerimise etapp Partnerlusleppe ja rakenduskava Oktoober - KSH programmi nõuetele eelnõude täiendamine, Detsember 2020 detsember 2020 vastavuse kontroll läbirääkimised Euroopa Komisjoniga Avalik konsultatsioon, partnerlusleppe ja rakenduskava esmase versiooni heakskiitmine VV-s, Jaanuar - märts KSH aruande koostamine Veebruar - mai 2021 Euroopa Komisjoniga 2021 täiemahuline mitteametlik kooskõlastusmenetlus ja läbirääkimised KSH aruande kontroll ja Mai – juuni 2021 seisukohtade küsimine KSH aruande täiendamine töörühma poolt ning üle Juuli 2021 vaatamine ministeeriumi poolt Euroopa Komisjoniga KSH aruande avalik mitteametlik August 2021 Aprill - detsember väljapanek ja avalik arutelu kooskõlastusmenetlus ja läbirääkimised 2021 KSH aruande kooskõlastamiseks esitamine ja KSH aruande nõuetele September 2021 vastavuse kontroll ja seiremeetmete kehtestamine KSH aruande nõuetele September-oktoober 2021 vastavaks tunnistamine www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne EL vahendite Aeg KSH etapid ja tegevused Aeg/teostamine planeerimise etapp Planeerimis- dokumentide ametlik esitamine Euroopa Komisjonile ja SPD ja KSH tulemusi Detsember 2021 September – oktoober 2021 läbirääkimised. tutvustav infopäev Rakenduskava heakskiit Euroopa Komisjoni poolt 6.2 KSH protsessi osapooled, kaasamine Strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi algataja ja koostamise korraldaja Rahandusministeerium Suur-Ameerika 1, 10122, Tallinn E-post: [email protected] Tel: (+372) 611 3558 SPD koostamise kontaktisik: Kadri Tali E-post: [email protected] Tel (+372) 611 3083 SPD KSH kontaktisik: Miryam Vahtra E-post [email protected] Tel 611 3047 KSH koostajad: Hendrikson & Ko OÜ Raekoja plats 8, 51004 Tartu E-post: [email protected] Kontaktisik: Riin Kutsar 105 106 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne E-post: [email protected] Tel: (+372) 5269962 Tartu Ülikooli Sotsiaalteaduslike Rakendusuuringute Keskus (RAKE) Lossi 36, 51003, Tartu Kontaktisik: Veiko Sepp E-post: [email protected] Tel: (+372) 516 0975 KSH ekspertrühm koosneb tabelis 5 toodud järgmistest liikmetest. Tabel 6.2-1. KSH ekspertrühma liikmed ja nende vastutusvaldkonnad Nimi Roll ja vastutusvaldkond Asutus Projektijuht ja töörühma juht, suhtlemine Hankijaga KSH juhtekspert: KSH töökoosolekud, Hendrikson & Ko Riin Kutsar suhtlemine vajadusel asjaomaste asutuste ja OÜ avalikkusega, avalike arutelude läbiviimine. Looduskeskkonnamõjude analüüs, Natura hindamine Hendrikson & Ko Jaak Järvekülg KSH ekspert OÜ KSH ekspert, sh taristuobjektide, energeetika, Hendrikson & Ko Pille Metspalu transport jmt valdkonnas. Sotsiaalsete mõjude OÜ analüüs Sotsiaalsete mõjude hindamise spetsialist, Hendrikson & Ko Ann Ideon sotsiaalsete ja kultuuriliste mõjude analüüs OÜ Analüütik ja metoodik sotsiaalteaduslike rakendusuuringute laias valdkonnas, sh Veiko Sepp RAKE regionaalse majandusarengu ning TA&I teemade analüüsil Analüütik sotsiaalteaduslike rakendusuuringute Kaidi Nõmmela RAKE laias valdkonnas, sh TA&I teemade analüüsil Analüütik ja metoodik sotsiaalteaduslike Merli Aksen rakendusuuringute laias valdkonnas, sh sotsiaal ja RAKE tööhõivepoliitika analüüsil www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne Nimi Roll ja vastutusvaldkond Asutus Analüütik sotsiaalteaduslike rakendusuuringute Aivi Themas laias valdkonnas, sh sotsiaalne sidusus (sh RAKE lõimumine) ja võrdsed võimalused Käesoleva KSH aruande dokumendi allkirjastamisega KSH juhtekspert Riin Kutsar kinnitab, et vastab KeHJS § 34 lg 4 punktides 1–5 esitatud nõuetele, tunneb keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise põhimõtteid, protseduuri ja hindamisega seonduvaid õigusakte ning on keskkonnamõju strateegilisel hindamisel erapooletu ja objektiivne. Kaasamine Isikud ja asutused, keda strateegilise planeerimisdokumendi alusel kavandatav tegevus võib eeldatavalt mõjutada või kellel võib olla põhjendatud huvi selle SPD vastu, on: ▪ Partnerlusleppe ja rakenduskava koostamise juhtrühm ▪ Partnerlusleppe ja rakenduskava koostamises osalevate töörühmade liikmed ▪ Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium, Keskkonnaministeerium, Siseministeerium, Maaeluministeerium, Sotsiaalministeerium, Välisministeerium, Kaitseministeerium, Rahandusministeerium, Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium, Kultuuriministeerium ▪ Keskkonnaamet ▪ Valitsusvälised (ettevõtlusega ja keskkonnakaitsega tegelevad) organisatsioonid (sh Eesti Keskkonnaühenduste Koda) ja kodanikeühendused ▪ Laiem avalikkus. Mõjutatud ja huvitatud osapoolte teavitamine KSH protsessi etappidest ja tulemustest toimub vastavalt KeHJS-e nõuetele. Vastavalt seadusele teavitatakse KSH dokumentatsiooni avalikustamisest laiemat avalikkust kuulutusega ajalehes, arengukava koostaja veebilehel ning väljaandes Ametlikud Teadaanded; huvitatud või mõjutatud institutsioone elektrooniliselt. Avalikkuse kaasamisega KSH ja SPD protsessis tegeleb SPD koostamise korraldaja, kelleks on Rahandusministeerium. 107 108 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 6.3 KSH aruande sisu osas laekunud tagasiside Peatükk sisustatakse pärast KSH aruande seisukohtade küsimise ja avalikustamise etappe. 6.4 Ülevaade raskustest, mis ilmnesid KSH aruande koostamisel 1. Ajagraafikust tingitud probleemid ▪ Keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise aruande koostamist raskendas rakenduskava koostamise venimine pikemaks esialgu planeeritud aja- ja tegevuskavast ning sellest tulenev hindamisele kuluv aeg protsessis. Rakenduskava valmimist takistasid valitsuse vahetumine ja COVID-19 tingitud probleemid. 2. Rakenduskava osas puudusid tervikdokumendid ▪ Asjaolu, et rakenduskava töödokumente koostati ja puudusid terviklikud SPD dokumendid hindamise aluseks, sh kavandatud eesmärke ja meetmeid alles kujundati, seadis strateegilise keskkonnamõju hindamisele omad raamid. Seega sai hindamisrühm tugineda infole, mis oli hindamise aluseks olevates dokumentides ja üldistustasemele selleks ajahetkeks. 3. Rakenduskava täpsusaste ▪ Samuti tuleb silmas pidada seda, et SPD-ga kavandatavad eesmärgid, meetmed ja toetatavad tegevused ei avalda otsest mõju senikaua, kuni need ei realiseeru. Eeltoodust tulenevalt on käesoleva SPD keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise protsessis suhteliselt suur määramatuse tase ning üldistusaste, võrreldes nt muude ruumiliste SPD-de ja objektipõhiste keskkonnamõju hindamistega. ▪ Rakenduskava elluviimisega kaasnevat keskkonnamõju saab täpsemalt hinnata konkreetse tegevuse elluviimisel, kui see on planeerimise protsessi järgmisel detailsusastmel asetunud konkreetsesse aeg-ruumi ning omab konkreetseid tegevuse ja mõjude parameetreid. Rakenduskavas toodud meetmetele ja toetatavatele tegevustele, millel on konkreetne asukoht ja suurus, saab vajadusel läbi viia objektipõhise keskkonnamõjude hindamise enne tegevuse elluviimist. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne 7 KOKKUVÕTE Käesolev keskkonnamõju strateegiline hindamine koostatakse strateegilisele planeerimisdokumendile, milleks on perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe. Perioodi 2021–2027 ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide (ERF, ESF, ÜF, ÕÜF) rakenduskava eesmärk on määratleda struktuurivahenditest rahastatavad tegevused ning rahastamise mahud. Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika 2021–2027 fookuses on viis üldist poliitikaeesmärki. Need on: PO1 „Nutikam Euroopa“, PO2 „Rohelisem Euroopa“, PO3 „Ühendatum Euroopa“, PO4 „Sotsiaalsem Euroopa“, PO5 „Inimestele lähedasem Euroopa“ ja Õiglase Ülemineku Fond (ÕÜF). Üldiste poliitikaeesmärkide alusel töötati rakenduskavas välja poliitikaeesmärgid ja nende all omakorda erieesmärgid ja kavandatavad tegevused/meetmed. Käesoleva keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise raames viidi läbi vastavusanalüüs, mille käigus hinnati rakenduskava eelnõus väljatöötatud poliitikaeesmärkide, erieesmärkide, kavandatavate tegevuste ja meetmete vastavust ning kooskõla riiklike ja rahvusvaheliste keskkonnaeesmärkidega ning välismõjude analüüs, mille käigus hinnati rakenduskavas sätestatud erieesmärkide ja nende kavandatavate tegevuste elluviimiseks väljatöötatud meetmetega kaasneva eeldatava keskkonnamõju (nii soodsa kui ka ebasoodsa mõju) avaldumist. Vastavusanalüüsil ei tuvastatud, et rakenduskava oleks otseselt vastuolus mõne muu sarnase taseme strateegilise dokumendi eesmärgiga, kuid tõi välja ettepanekud/tähelepanekud, mille puhul tuleks KSH ekspertrühma hinnangul koostatava rakenduskava eelnõu täiendamisel ja elluviimisel tähelepanu pöörata – vt täpsemalt peatükk 3. Peatükis 4 läbiviidud välismõjude analüüsil selgus, et rakenduskava poliitikaeesmärkidel, erieesmärkidel ja nende elluviimiseks kavandatud tegevustel on valdavalt otsene või kaudne soodne mõju looduskeskkonnale ning samuti inimese tervisele ja heaolule, kultuuripärandile ja varale läbi soodsate muutuste looduskeskkonna seisundis. Sarnaselt vastavusanalüüsile toodi välismõjude analüüsis välja ettepanekud võimalikud ebasoodsa mõju leevendamiseks ja positiivsete mõjude võimendamiseks. KSH poolt tehtud ettepanekud ja soovitused ebasoodsate mõjude leevendamiseks ja soodsate mõjude võimendamiseks on konteksti säilitamiseks esitatud aruande sisupeatükkides läbivalt, vastavate 109 110 Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne teemakäsitluste juures, seda nii peatükis 3 (vastavusanalüüs) kui ka 4 (välismõjude analüüs). Peatükis 3 on need välja toodud eristatuna tektsist jaotusega- KSH tähelepanekud/ettepanekud, ning peatükis 4 tähistatud sümboliga (mis võimaldab need lihtsasti leida vastava teemakäsitluse juures). Kokkuvõttes võib öelda, et rakenduskava rakendamisega kaasnevad mõjud keskkonnale on tervikuna eeldatavalt pigem soodsad. Rakenduskava sisaldab poliitikaeesmärke ja erieesmärke, mille järgimisel on võimalik liikuda keskkonnatingimuste parandamise ning ebasoodsate keskkonnamõjude vältimise ja vähendamise suunas. KSH hindamisel ilmnenud peamine raskus oli tingitud rakenduskava suurest üldistustasemest, millest lähtuvalt said ka hinnangud ning soovitused jääda samale tasemele. Rakenduskava elluviimisega kaasnevat keskkonnamõju saab täpsemalt hinnata konkreetse tegevuse elluviimisel, kui see on planeerimise protsessi järgmisel detailsusastmel asetunud konkreetsesse aeg-ruumi ning omab konkreetseid tegevuse ja mõjude parameetreid. www.hendrikson.ee Perioodi 2021–2027 Euroopa Liidu ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava ja vahendite kasutamise partnerluslepe KSH aruanne LISAD Lisa 1. KSH programm koos lisadega (lisatud eraldi failikataloogina) Lisa 2. Laekunud seisukohad (lisatakse eraldi failikataloogina) 111  Tõnis Mölder Keskkonnaministeerium Meie 07.07.2021 nr 9.2-4.3/21- [email protected] 27/01/5147-1 Seisukoha küsimine „Perioodi 2021-2027 Euroopa Liidu vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppe ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava“ keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise aruande sisu kohta Austatud minister Palume Teil soovi korral esitada oma seisukoht, keskkonnamõju hindamise ja keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemi seaduse § 401 lg 1 ja 361 lg 4 tähenduses, „Perioodi 2021-2027 Euroopa Liidu vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppe ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava“ keskkonnamõju strateegilise hindamise (edaspidi KSH) aruande sisu kohta. KSH algatati rahandusministri 6. jaanuari 2020. a käskkirjaga nr 1.1-4/1, et aidata kaasa tasakaalustatud, Euroopa Liidu ja Eesti keskkonnapoliitikaga kooskõlas oleva „Perioodi 2021- 2027 Euroopa Liidu vahendite kasutamise partnerlusleppe ja ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava“ koostamisele. Edastatav KSH aruanne tugineb 4.03.2021 Valitsuskabineti nõupidamise memorandumile, milles toodi välja rahastamiskava ettepanek koos poliitika eesmärkide, rahastatavate meetmete, peamiste tegevuste ja eelarvetega. KSH ekspertidel oli võimalik kasutada rakenduskava esmast versiooni 2020. aasta juulist, kuna Valitsuskabineti otsusega muudeti mõningal määral nii rahastatavaid tegevusi kui eelarvemahtu ja tehti ümbertõsteid poliitikaeesmärkide vahel, siis otsustati KSH aruande koostamisel lähtuda lisaks ka memorandumist. KSH aruanne vaadatakse üle pärast asjaomaste asutuste seisukohtade esitamist ja siis uuendatakse ka poliitikaeesmärkide sõnastused lähtudes fondimääruste tõlgetest ning tegevuste ümbertõstete korral poliitikaeesmärkide vahel, uuendatakse vastavaid viiteid ja hinnanguid. Kirjale on lisatud rakenduskava 16.06.2021 seisu kajastav inglisekeelne tervikversioon, mille põhjal toimuvad läbirääkimised Euroopa Komisjoniga ning mida sellest lähtuvalt täiendatakse. Eestikeelne tõlge on planeeritud valmima augustis 2021 KSH aruande avalikustamise ja avaliku arutelu ajaks. Palume Teil esitada oma seisukoht KSH aruande eelnõu sisu kohta hiljemalt 9. augustiks 2021. a e-posti aadressil [email protected]. Suur-Ameerika 1 / 10122 Tallinn / 611 3558 / [email protected] / www.rahandusministeerium.ee registrikood 70000272 Lugupidamisega (allkirjastatud digitaalselt) Merike Saks kantsler Lisa1: KSH aruanne Lisa 2: Partnership Agreement for the implementation of Cohesion Policy Funds and European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund for financial period of 2021- 2027, Estonia Lisa 3: Operational Programme for Cohesion Policy Funds 2021-2027, Estonia Sama: Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium - [email protected]; Justiitsministeerium- [email protected]; Kaitseministeerium - [email protected]; Kultuuriministeerium - [email protected]; Majandus- ja Kommunikatsiooniministeerium - [email protected]; Siseministeerium- [email protected]; Sotsiaalministeerium - [email protected]; Välisministeerium - [email protected]; Maaeluministeerium - [email protected]; Keskkonnaamet - [email protected]; Miryam Vahtra, 611 3047, [email protected] Kadri Tali, 611 3083, [email protected] 2  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 CCI [siia tuleb dokumendi nr] Title Partnership Agreement for the implementation of Cohesion Policy Funds and European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund for financial period of 2021-2027, ESTONIA Version 0.2 First year 2021 Last year 2027 Commission decision number Commission decision date Tegemist on perioodi 2021-2021 Partnerlusleppe tööversiooniga. Selle peatükkide juures on nende koostamisaeg. Avaliku konsulatsiooni alguseks (u 23.08) dokument tõlgitakse ja lisatakse keskkonnamõju strateegilise aruande eelnõu juurde eestikeelsena. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table of Contents 1. Selection of policy objectives and the JTF specific objective ...................................3 2. Policy choices, coordination and complementarity [the length of this chapter is between 10 000 and 30 000 characters) ..................................................................9 2.1. A summary of policy choices and the main results expected for each of the funds covered by the Partnership Agreement [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] .......................9 2.2. Coordination, demarcation and complementarities between the Funds and, where appropriate, coordination between national and regional programmes [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] ...................................................................................................11 2.3. Complementarities and synergies between the funds covered by the Partnership Agreement, the AMIF, the ISF, the BMVI, and other Union instruments [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] ...................................................................................................11 3. Contribution to the budgetary guarantee under InvestEU with justification ......13 4. Transfers ....................................................................................................................13 4.1. Transfer between categories of region....................................................................13 4.2. Transfers to instruments under direct or indirect management ..........................13 4.3. Transfers between ERDF, ESF+ and Cohesion Fund or to another Fund or Funds13 4.4. Transfer of ERDF and ESF+ resources as complementary support to the JTF, with justification ................................................................................................................13 4.5. Transfers from European territorial cooperation goal (Interreg) to Investment for jobs and growth goal .................................................................................................14 5. The form of Union contribution for technical assistance ......................................14 6. Thematic concentration ............................................................................................14 6.1. Compliency with thematic concentration rules......................................................14 6.2. Thematic concentration of ESF ................................................................................14 7. Preliminary financial allocation from each of the funds covered by the Partnership Agreement by policy objective, JTF specific objective and technical assistance .16 8. List of planned programmes under the funds covered by the Partnership agreement with the respective preliminary financial allocations by fund and the corresponding national contribution ................................................................................................22 9. A summary of actions planned to reinforce administrative capacity of the implementation of the funds covered by the Partnership Agreement .................24 10. An integrated approach to address the demographic challenges and/or specific needs of regions and areas ..................................................................................................24 11. Preliminary climate contribution target .................................................................26 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 1. SELECTION OF POLICY OBJECTIVES AND THE JTF SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE Table 1: Selection of policy objective and JTF specific objective with justification [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] Selected Prog- Fund Justification for selection of a policy objective [3500 per objective] policy ramme objective PO1 ERDF One of the 5 strategic long-term goals of the strategy ''Estonia 2035'' is “Estonian economy is strong, innovative and responsible”. By 2035, we want to reach with the labor productivity rate the EU average and increase the share of investment in intangible assets. The investments will address the development needs and the goals of Estonia 2035 and objectives described in relevant sectoral policy and development documents, e.g in the national RTD and entrepreneurship strategy, which aims to create competitive conditions for knowledge-based productivity and well-being growth and to ensure the sustainability of Estonian society through efficient and effective policies that favor research and development, innovation and entrepreneurship. The overall productivity of labour was 77.2% and 50% in the manufacturing industry of the EU average in 2018. The general innovation performance of the country is moderate and rather in decline, the industry relies on a narrow base of high-tech companies, and the proportion of employment in fast-growing companies in innovative and high value-added sectors remains low and holds back productivity growth and competitiveness. Modest co-operation between companies and research institutions, exporting local resources as raw materials, low knowledge-intensity and a modest position in the international value chain are also a cause of concern. By the share of research and development investments by companies in the GDP, Estonia is below the European Union average (0.61% of the GDP in Estonia in 2018, while the European Union average was 1.43) and the volumes are modest (a total of 241,5million euros in 2019). The number of people involved in research and development work in the business sector is small (approximately 2,600 people in 2019) and the level of integration of digital technologies in the business sector is low compared to the rest of the EU (Estonia is ranked 16th1 in 2020). The focus must be on increasing R&D investments and fostering innovation, building the knowledge transfer capacity and fostering cooperation between businesses and research institution, which will allow increased digital technologies and automation to help companies adapt to an increase in workforce. To promote export potential, trainings, counselling and other forms of support should be provided proactively to companies with high export potential, from prototyping to creating a marketable product. In order to facilitate export, it is necessary to mediate contacts with foreign partners, seek for new target markets and support companies by strong international network that can be provided inter alia by the Estonian foreign missions. Special focus is needed for small and medium-sized enterprises, including companies in the cultural, creative and tourism sectors, which are important in terms of overall added-value and employment. However, their productivity growth remains relatively slow and positioning in the global value chains is weak. In order to promote entrepreneurship, it is necessary to provide support services, knowledge and skills development and grants, including to agile and attractive start-up companies, in order to ensure the viability and durability of their business solutions. Approximately 2,7732 public e-services are provided in Estonia (2020), but their quality, coordination and user friendliness is uneven and insufficient attention has been paid to the development of services for users of the smart devices and people- centered nature of services (incl. accessibility of e-services for the visually impaired 1 https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020SC0505&from=EN 2 https://e-estonia.com/ Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 (and for people with special needs). Despite the leading position of Estonia in e- Government, the transition of industry and small and medium sized enterprises to new technologies is held-back by the low capacity of the companies to innovate and insufficient digital skills within companies. Harmonization of the quality of public services and good accessibility will be supported by common, more integrated, interoperable, reliable, evidence-based solutions for Estonia that are developed considering a user-driven approach and which will give input for research and evidence-based policy making. Access to high-speed internet in rural areas is still rather difficult. At the same time, new businesses started in more sparsely populated areas and new types of working forms, need better access to high-speed internet in order to establish workable business and working environment outside the city areas. In 2020, the share of 100 Mbit/s (or faster) connections from all the permanent internet connections, was only 26%. To improve access to e-services (quality), to close the digital divide gap between urban andmore sparsely populated areas, support businesses and working solutions inmore sparsely populated areas, investments in new very high capacity access networks and 5G connectivity are needed. PO2 ERDF, One of the goals of the “Estonia 2035” strategy focuses on living environment – “Estonia has a high-quality living environment that accepts everyone's needs and is safe”. By CF, 2035 we want to increase our living environment satisfaction of people and to improve EMFAF the environmental performance indicators of the sustainable development. Investments will support the achievement of the “Estonia 2035” goals and will be based on the development needs outlined below. The value of greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia has been stable. Estonia's greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF in 2019 were 14699.12 kt CO2 equivalents3. Estonia's 2030 greenhouse gas emission reduction targets are among the most ambitious in the EU (-70% vs. 1990). Further efforts are needed to reach this target, also for nonemission trading system sectors. Greenhouse gas emissions have been rising in the industry and agriculture sectors. High energy costs of using non-renovated heating systems and buildings have also a negative impact on the climate. Energy consumption of buildings make up a significant part (40-45%) of Estonia's energy balance.The investments made to increase the energy efficiency of the residential buildings are based on the “Estonian National Energy Development Plan 2030” and will be fixed in the “Long-Term Strategy for Reconstruction of Buildings” to be completed in 2020. The reconstruction of the housing stock can reduce up to 50% of the heating energy needs of buildings. In waste management sector and circular economy, one of the main problems is the municipal waste recycling rate, which is 30,8%4 (2019), compared to the EU average of 47,7 %. Another problem in Estonia is low resource productivity (€ 0.44 per kg in 2018), where the gap with the EU average (€ 1,91 per kg in 2018) is wide. In business, greater emphasis must be placed on green technologies, efficient production and the value of local resources.About 21 % of SMEs in Estonia take action to save energy, but only 8 % save water and 9 % minimise waste. SMEs in Estonia are the least likely to save materials (15 %), or to recycle by reusing material or waste within the company (13%). Waste management and circular economy bottlenecks (including waste prevention) will be addressed according to the National Waste Management Plan 2022- 2028. Climate change is already affecting Estonia in the form of coastal erosion and flooding, affecting the economy and damaging infrastructureInfrastructure and urban planning must already take into account the effects of climate change and its prevention.The preparedness of local authorities and the state to respond to crises is low, coordination is lacking and potential crises can be underestimated. In order to assess and prevent risks, risk analyzes are performed, which are based on “Estonia's future climate scenarios until 2100” and which address all natural and climate change threats. 3 3 Keskkonnaministeerium. (2019). Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia 1990-2019 National Inventory Report. Tallinn. Allikas: https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/Kliima/nir_est_1990-2019_15.03.2021.pdf 4 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/t2020_rt120/default/table?lang=en Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 The environment and air quality are influenced by transportation – private means of transport (passenger cars mostly) is preferred and there has been no growth among the users of public transport. That directly has a negative influence on environment and people’s health in urban areas. The transport sector is the main cause of deteriorating air quality in Tallinn. In 2016, exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) caused approximately 500 premature deaths. The use of alternative energy vehicles is very low (1.9% in 2019). The use of vehicles using alternative fuels in sparsely populated areas, including public transport, is no less important. The network of bicycle lanes is incomplete and insufficient to support the significant growth in the use of light vehicles as a means of transport. In order to support urban environment with clean air, non-fossil fuel vehicles in the city environment have to be supported and investments in bicycle network and other comprehensive solutions to support the use of light vehicles are needed. To reduce air pollution and support health, energy efficiency and effectiveness of urban transport systems need to be increased and environmentally friendly technologies developed. Strategic goals for the development of fisheries and aquaculture sectors have been established in the “Development plan for agriculture and fisheries up to 2030” (PÕKA). The abundance of water bodies and natural conditions in Estonia ensures relatively good and diverse fish stocks and its natural reproduction. However, because of environmental changes and human activities, the number of spawning grounds has decreased significantly and large number of economically important fish stocks are used on the level, which is not sustainable in long term. Baltic Sea trawling has become viable thanks to investments and establishment of producer organisations, but the bottleneck is the high age of the vessels. The development of long-distance fishing is limited by fishing capacity and the ageing of the fleet. The fishing industry is export- oriented, while frozen fish accounts for 65 % of total exports of fishery products. Freshwater aquaculture is fragmented, with a wide range of production methods being used at low production levels, while new development opportunities are seen in marine aquaculture. The problem for the whole sector is the ageing of the workforce, the shortage of specialists and skilled labour, and the low attractiveness of fisheries among young people. Electronic tools have been put in place for fishing authorisations and data exchange, which have enhanced monitoring. In professional coastal and inland fishing, e-solutions are however used modestly. The level of private investments in innovation and product development are low. In all subsectors the better use of resources, including energy efficiency needs attention. PO3 ERDF, “Estonia 2035” long-term strategy has a goal “Estonia has a high-quality living CF environment that accepts everyone's needs and is safe”. Satisfaction rates on living environment was 84,54% (2020) and rates in unnatural causes of death was 57,96 per 100 000 inhabitants (2019). Investments will support the achievement of the “Estonia 2035” goals and will be based on the development needs outlined below. Estonia is a sparsely populated peripheral country in the EU and many policy areas depend on a well-functioning transport system. Population aging and urbanization as trends have to be considered when planning investments in connectivity and urban environment. 69.4% of the population lived in Estonian cities in 2018 and the share of elderly population will rise by 2035 to 25%. Adjusting to such changes national and local investments must be in line and balanced with each other. Urbanization puts additional pressure on sustainable mobility, accessibility, traffic congestions and emissions. According to these trends, universal design principles, must be applied to ensure good accessibility to services. Also, rural areas need more connectivity investments to ensure good living and work opportunities as an alternative to urban environment. According to the statistics, 25% of all the public roads were in bad or very bad condition. As in rural areas, predominately passenger vehicles are used, good road maintenance is very important. Investments to increase the completeness of the core TEN-T, where Estonia ranks as one of the worst in EU both for rail and road networks Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 development level, is therefore a necessity. Therefore investments are done in TEN-T compliance with the requirements of Article 17.3 b) and Article 39.2 c) of Regulation (EU) No. 1315/2013 and will contribute to completion of TEN-T core network and access to them by constructing 2+1 or 2+2 road sections to meet road safety and environmental requirements. Investment needs in the transport sector until 2030 are estimated to be €2 billion for the road corridor network and €2,4 billion for the rail network. The objective is to increase freight transport on rail on the expense of road freight. Public transport is accessible to 76% of the Estonian population in rural and urban areas, but the combination of time usage, incompatibility between trains, buses and ticket systems doesn’t favour the growth of public transport users. Poor pavement conditions is a challenge especially in sparsely populated areas, which complicates permeability and access to public transport during difficult weather conditions. To meet the EU climate goals and reduce travel time in Estonia, investments in public transport system are necessary, and considering that Estonia has a low population density, improvements in public roads network are also needed, to ensure accessibility and decrease CO2 emissions from transport. The number of public transport users compared to car users is in a downward trend. In 2019. 2,6% used public transport, 15,6% travelled on foot and 2,5% used bicycle (altogether only 39%), although 76% of the population has access to public transport. Main obstacles are the incompatibility between different transportations and time- consuming travel time, so passenger car is mostly preferred. 94% of transport sector greenhouse gas emissions are produced by road transportation and from that 67% is produced by passenger cars. Railroad can decrease the share of road transportation between larger centres, but it needs more investments to improve travel time and increase efficiency (by increasing the maximum allowed speeds). A rail measure has been designed that focuses only on the development of sustainable transport: the electrification of the railways, the straightening of curves, which should increase train speeds and increase the number of train passengers in the future. PO4 ERDF, The goals of the long-term strategy “Estonia 2035” are “Smart, active and healthy ESF, people are living in Estonia” and “Estonian society is caring, cooperative and open”. By 2035, we want to raise healthy life expectancy and the rate for lifelong learning, as well EMFAF as to increase participation in labour force, in culture, sport and volunteering activities. Our goal is also to increase the indicator for people's caring and willingness to cooperate, indicator measuring interactions between different social groups and the indicator for The Risks That Matter (OECD). The overall unemployment rate is low (4.4% in 2019), but Ida-Virumaa region clearly differs from the others, where the unemployment rate is twice as high as Estonian average (8.7% in 2019). As a result of the COVID 19 crisis, Estonian employment decreased more than the average of European countries, which suggests that the response of companies to the crisis has been stronger than average, despite the relatively large-scale wage support measure of the Unemployment Insurance Fund. At the same time, there is a lack of suitable labour in the industrial-, sevice- and especially in IT- sector. Labour supply has not kept pace with the changing needs of the economy and that the skills of the workforce do not match the needs of the labour market. The employability of recent VET graduates in insufficient. The share of students leaving education and training system early without completing upper secondary education is 9,8% (2019) of 18-24 (EU average 10.3%). In addition, in order to achieve a swift recovery from the economic and labour market impact of the COVID-19 crisis support to people re-and upskilling is needed. Lower popularity of science and engineering curriculas is also a problem in higher education besides to early leaving. The difference in the results of Estonian and Russian basic schools persists and increases regional differences and hinders mobility in the country due to the language barrier. The proficiency in Estonian of students with other mother tongues is still poor. Therefore, in order to bridge the gaps arising from low language skills, the opportunities to learn Estonian at a young age need to be expanded. Almost 30% of the Estonian population Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 are people of other nationalities and with a mother tongue other than Estonian. Integrating such a large population group is a major challenge for Estonia in order to reduce ethnic segregation in the labor market and socio-economic gaps. The need to provide adaptation and integration support services (cooperation activities, communication, information exchange) to new and larger target groups is growing due to the increasing number of immigrants and returnees. The working age population will decrease by about 12% by 2035 and the share of people aged 65 and over will increase to 25%, leading to a growing demand for labour. Through various flexible solutions, contributing to reducing age pressures and improving the health of the population, as well as empowering the elderly and lifelong learning opportunities, the state can alleviate the shortage in labour force and encourage working in retirement. Bringing to the labour market those who are unemployed or inactive and support the groups most in risk (e.g. people with reduced working capacity and health problems, NEETs, people with care burdens, non-Estonian-speaking and older workers, young mothers returning to work after parental leave, workers with low-or outdated skills etc is indispensable. In order to improve the position of at-risk groups in the labour market, reduce the gender pay gap and at the same time meet the expectations of employers, it is important to offer learner-centred trainings and promotion of digital skills, which prepare workers to leave low-tech industries, support the promotion of employment in rural areas and help to integrate people with special needs into the labor market. To increase life expectancy and average healthy life years it is important to support measures that help increase the health education of the population, reduce health inequalities, improve equal and timely access to integrated and people-centered health services, and reduce material deprivation. Also it is necessary to pay attention to creating a safe living and working environment and increasing the quality of occupational healthcare. Special attention needs to be paid to the high care burden, which hinders participation in the labour market and increases the risk of poverty. Due to the aging population and the growing proportion of people with chronic diseases, ensuring the quality and availability of health services, including long-term care and occupational health care, requires sufficient, competent and motivated health workers and professionals, supported by both service management and innovative digital solutions. Development of social system is built on the principle of deinstitutionalisation (DI). There are currently 80,000 long-term care receivers but the actual need is estimated at least 132,000. It is necessary to invest in community-based service units, service houses, day care and general care places and continue with the adaptation of homes to enable home-based service provision. For the successful implementation of thelong- term-care (LTC) reform. The intervention aims to support activities which help to implement the LTC reform and for the support the of the integration of the health and social sector, it is important to invest to the infrastructure based on the principle of DI and fully support people's independent living and coping. Small-scale coastal and inland fisheries have been successfully developed in the previous programing periods using the community-led local development approach (CLLD), however the average income and investment capacity is still low due to low catches, low value of fish and under-utilisation of production and processing capacity for fishery and aquaculture products. Fishing ports and landing sites continue to need investment to improve infrastructure, equipment and promote multifunctionality. PO5 The goals of the strategy “Estonia 2035” are “Estonian society is caring, cooperative ERDF and open”, “Estonia has a high-quality living environment that accepts everyone's needs and is safe” and „Estonia is an innovative, reliable and people-centered country“. Satisfaction with the living environment and environmental indicators of sustainable development have increased in 2035. Planned investments are in line with the goals of “Estonia 2035” and are addressing the following development needs. Also, interventions to tackle with following challenges should be based on the principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights. Estonia has large regional disparities in living standards and unemployment rates. In 2018, 21.7% of the population lived in relative poverty in Estonia (EU average 17%) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 and the differences are large regionally, in Southern Estonia 25.4% lived in relative poverty, Ida-Viru 35.5%. Unemployment in 2019 was 3.4% in Harju County and 4.1% in Tartu County, while it was 8.7% in Ida-Viru County and 9.1% in Valga County, respectively. Poverty and unemployment are interlinked, and regional measures are needed to tackle them, incl. with an aim to create new jobs. In order to create an attractive regional business environment, it is important to support various activities arising from the needs of the region in an integrated manner. On the other hand, it is important to provide support services for the unemployed and inactive workers. To address urbanization and population change, investments in the development of entrepreneurship, education and other key areas must be made in a balance with the regional specifics. Also local government capacity supporting activities are needed, incl. for developing and providing public services. There are large regional differences in income that also causes health inequalities. In Harju County, where 45% of the Estonian population lives (2020) and 65% of the country's GDP is generated (2018), incomes are close to the EU average, but in other regions they are much lower. The gender pay gap is also still a problem, Ida-Virumaa clearly stands out in terms of the pay gap, 27.9% (2017), Estonian average was in 2018 18,7%. The regional difference between Harju County and other regions is due to the faster decrease and aging of the population in other regions and, above all, the outflow of young people. Higher-skilled workers and jobs have moved to a few larger urban areas, resulting in high proportions of low-income residents and older people outside urban areas. Therefore, according to employers, there is a lack of skilled labor, which is why it is necessary to promote needs-based retraining opportunities or use other solutions to solve the problem of labor shortages. In Estonia, Ida-Virumaa differs from other regions with the largest regional socio- economic differences (and to a lesser extent South-East Estonia) - according to OECD 2018 data, Ida-Virumaa was among the last 20% of the 395 OECD regions, which are the regions with the lowest level of development. People's healthy life expectancy differs regionally - in South Estonia and Ida-Virumaa, it is about 10 years shorter (2018) compared to Northern and Western Estonia, and it is also proportional to the amount of income. The physical and socio-economic living environment has a significant impact on human health, and the co-operation of local governments and communities is important in shaping it. Entrepreneurship in Ida-Virumaa is at the lowest level in Estonia - the Estonian average in 2018 was 99.8 companies per 1000 inhabitants, in Ida-Virumaa the corresponding indicator was 45,8 companies. The development of urban areas plays an important role in the economic development of the country. It is also a priority target highlighted by the EC. Larger urban areas face a number of problems associated with uneven growth, such as the undesirable environmental effects of suburbanisation, environmental and climate issues are becoming more and more important as a common challenge for urban areas. Smart solutions for the urban environment offer an increasing opportunity to address these challenges. In Ida-Viru urban areas the challenges are connected to the low attractiveness of the living environment, the large share of underused urban areas and the housing stock’s non-compliance with needs. JTF In 2019 Estonia commited to the common goal of reaching a climate-neutral Europe by JTF 2050, and in 2020 – to the European Commission’s 2030 Climate Target Plan which proposes to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and sets Europe on a responsible path to becoming climate neutral by 2050. In December 2019, Estonia communicated to the European Commission its “National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP 2030)” that sets the objectives of reducing GHG emissions and primary energy consumption and increasing the share of renewable energy while maintaining the security of supply. The majority of Estonia’s GHG emissions are produced by the energy industries sector – 68% and 56% of total GHG emissions in 2018 and 2019 respectively. A substantial amount of energy-related emissions are caused by an extensive consumption of fossil fuels for power and heat production. In 2019, the supply of primary energy was 218.9 PJ, of which oil shale (not to be confused with “shale oil”) comprised 65%. Hense, the Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 transformation of the energy sector, and specifically the oil shale sector, has most influence on Estonia’s progress towards climate neutrality. On the other hand, from a 12% drop just over the recent years, we can see that the energy sector is already undergoing major transformation. The oil shale sector is highly concentrated in the Ida-Viru region of Estonia, resulting in the fact that oil shale related companies located there account for over 50% of Estonia’s total GHG emisions. This is why the transition to climate neutrality will have – and is already having – the largest impact specifically on this region. The oil shale sector has been strategically important for the Estonian economy since the 1920’s and has substantially influenced the socio-economic and environmental conditions of Ida-Viru. The peak of oil shale mining and processing in Ida-Viru was in the 1980s, with over 14,000 people working in the mines alone. However, since the 1990s the sector has been in decline and the current number of employees in all the core companies of the sector together stands at apx 5,000 people. Employees in the oil shale sector make up 13% of all employees in the region, but labor taxes paid for them account for 1/4 of the region's labor taxes. The oil shale sector is characterized by a significantly higher average salary than the county and the Estonian average, which makes mobility of employees difficult. The core companies of the oil shale sector are the cornerstone of Ida-Viru region’s economy, both in terms of their turnover and high impact on companies dependent on them. In order to phase out electricity production from oil shale in a fair way, targeted support for the mitigation of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of reduced electricity production from oil shale is needed during the transition period. 2. POLICY CHOICES, COORDINATION AND COMPLEMENTARITY [THE LENGTH OF THIS CHAPTER IS BETWEEN 10 000 AND 30 000 CHARACTERS) 2.1. A summary of policy choices and the main results expected for each of the funds covered by the Partnership Agreement [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] With the support of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), during the budget period of 2021-2027 and as part of the “Smarter Estonia” policy objective, it has been proposed to focus on advancing research and development activities as well as innovation, using effective incentives. The support will be directed to move towards technology- and knowledge-intensive sectors, while increasing synergies between the needs of companies and the priorities of research institutions, while also increasing investments for the digitising and automatising of organisations to improve the productivity, innovation and potential to succeed in smart specialisation sectors. As a result of these planned interventions, supported by ERDF and through the smart specialisation sector areas of growth, there will be increased local impact of the RTDI system (national system of Research, Technological Development and Innovation) on the local socioeconomic area, and there will be an increase in the value added for the companies in the growth areas. The focus of interventions directed at small-and-medium-sized businesses is on the upsurge of growth-potential and competitiveness, supporting export capacity, internationalisation and also improving the position in the global value chains. As a result of these interventions, there will be improvements in companies’ effectiveness and export capacity, as well as increases in the value added, a rise in entrepreneurship of Estonian residents, the realisation of business growth potential and development of SME’s access to capital. The investments, connected with improving online services from the ERDF, are directed at creating a common service space for public and private sectors, introducing them in a way that supports new interactive online solutions (including readiness or created conditions for potential cross-border interaction) and applying them, while still supporting the continuity of action, performance and the sustainability of existing systems that are at times outdated. As part of a “Greener Estonia”, a significant amount of ERDF resources are earmarked for investing in improving the energy efficiency of buildings, and through that support, the achievement of climate goals. In addition, as part of the “Greener Estonia”, ERDF support will be used to prevent the risks associated with climate change, increase the readiness to deal with the effects of climate change as well as contributing to the mitigation of the effects of climate change by capturing CO2 over wetlands. To improve sustainable city transport, it is planned that funds from the ERDF are applied for the construction of a central network of bicycle paths, planning community hubs with easy public access and developing Tallinn’s rail transport network to name a few, to achieve the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through developing sustainable and viable transport links as a priority. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 As a part of the “Connected Estonia” objective, ERDF resources will be directed at the development of a high-capacity broadband infrastructure to provide access to a reliable and fast internet connection in the rural areas of Estonia, developing the 5G network in the most important transport corridors, as well as residential and business areas, to create preconditions for businesses and people to use 5G communication services and 5G to develop services offered by businesses. Plans for implementing resources from the ERDF are also in connection with the “Social Estonia” policy, where investments are made to public health services and social care infrastructure that supports improving the accessibility of the services as well as the long-term care and integrated welfare services, according to deinstitutionalisation principles. The “Closer to people Estonia” objective directs EDRF funds to the integral social and economical development in the city areas, as well as attractive regional residential and business areas, accessible public services, boosting local council capabilities and developing the primary school network across the country. As a result of these interventions, the regional enterprise sector will gain momentum and add value. There will be a decline in the regional prosperity gap and the quality of life will be improved throughout Estonia; in cities, small towns and rural areas. The “Greener Estonia” policy objective, with the help of the Cohesion Fund (CF), aims to contribute to a rise in sustainable energy consumption by modernising district heating systems, implementing more sustainable heating solutions, and promoting the use of biomethane. Through investment, there will be an increase in the utilisation of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly solutions in local infrastructures (district heating systems) and an upsurge in the percentage of overall renewable energy consumption in the entire energy sector. It also plans to contribute CF resources to improve readiness and adaptiveness to the effects of climate change, to minimise the risks caused by and to reduce the damage from the effects of climate change, for the economy and nature. As part of the “Greener Estonia” policy objective, it plans, with the support of the CF, to improve the circular economy and to increase the resource efficiency of companies to reduce waste generation, boost the waste recycling capacity and implement patterns of manufacturing and consumption based on the principals of a circular economy. In the infrastructure sector, it is planned to invest CF resources for the electrification of railways to reduce travel time and carbon emissions, through prioritising the development of sustainable modes of transport. Additionally, the infrastructure sector has plans to direct CF resources for the development of road networks essential for their obligations to complete the construction of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) core structure by the year 2030. Investment is mainly focused on increasing road safety, decreasing driving time and transport costs for commuters, as well as finding alleviating measures from the effects of transport on the environment. With the aid of resources from the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+), it proposes to address the main Estonian development needs in social, health, lifelong learning and labour market sectors. Among other things, input will be focused on supporting an education pathway for children and young people (including youth who are at risk of exclusion), to advance ways to enter the labour market, to support integration, to organise long-term care, increase citizens’ lifespans that are lived in good health, to decreasing health inequality, foreseeing the loss of ability to work and promoting occupational health, supporting lifelong learning driven by the needs of the labour market, and assisting people who suffer from shortcomings. As a result of these interventions, there will be an increase in social cohesion, social involvement, youth participation in education, a rise in employment as well as an upsurge in the number of people in the labour market who have care needs and people most deprived. The expected result is a healthier working-age population, less damage to people’s health and increased participation in employment by people with a partial loss of health. New immigrants from other countries who speak a foreign language, as well as Estonian permanent residents who do not speak Estonian, are integrated and play an active part in the employment sector and Estonian society at large. Working- age residents’ qualifications and skillsets are in accordance with the requirements of the labour market and support their continued employment or entry into the employment market, and lead to an increase in the level of income. As a result of these interventions, the levels of coping of people who are experiencing hardship will improve and their quality of life upgraded. European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF 2021-2027) resources would be used to contribute, in compliance with Europe’s Common Fisheries Policy’s (CFP) environmental, economic and socio-economic goals. Interventions are directed at reaching a healthy state in fish stocks, increasing the sustainability of fishing and the aquaculture sector, and development that allows competitiveness, quality of produce, higher value-add, a boost in exports and a rise in environmentally aware recreational fishing. As a result of these interventions, it has been found that the percentage of healthy fish stock has increased as well as the impact on the economy from recreational fishing. Expected results are a reduction in the average age for people hired in the fishing and aquaculture sector and an increase in the workers’ average earnings. Businesses will see an increase in their profits, a rise in the value-add and growth in the aggregated value of exportable goods. The intervention will enable the development of the maritime environment without damaging the sustainable fishing and aquaculture sector, adapting to the effects of climate change, the economically viable manufacturing industry and increase employment and opportunities in coastal communities. Through the Just Transition Fund, Estonia will address the economic, social and environmental impacts of transition to climate neutrality in the Ida-Viru region of Estonia, where highly CO2-intensive oil shale sector is highly Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 concentrated. According to the results of public outreach and dedicated studies, impacts of the transition range from a cascading economic effect on the entire economy of the region (influencing e.g. employment, entrepreneurship, career and training opportunities) to the ability of local governments in the region to provide public services. From these, three major development needs were mapped: 1) restructuring the economy of the Ida-Viru region with the view of diversifying it and creating new high value-added jobs, 2) supporting the people and communities impacted by the transition process, and 3) alleviating environmental impacts related to the mining and oil-shale processing activities. In order to address these development needs, the JTF in Estonia will be split into two main programmatic strands: “Economy and labour” and “Environment and social inclusion” – with the proportional split between the strands being apx. 80% / 20%. As a result, an estimated >400 SME’s will be supported, >2000 new jobs will be created and apx. 60 ha of land will be rehabilitated for use as green areas, brownfield developments etc. 2.2. Coordination, demarcation and complementarities between the Funds and, where appropriate, coordination between national and regional programmes [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] The preparation of the partnership agreement for the period 2021-2027 and implementation planning took place together with preparing a strategy for “Estonia 2035” based on the national principle to connect the goals of structural funds with nationwide and regional strategic initiatives. The Ministry of Finance and the Government Office have jointly been leading the creation of the strategy for “Estonia 2035” as an overall umbrella strategy that maps out the development needs that face Estonia, gives Estonia longterm development tracks and objectives and defines the changes needed to accomplish these goals. The resulting strategy is an overall guide for regional development plans and provides a basis to conform to different national processes involving planning and budgeting, planning for EU resources and operational schemes, including the cohesion policy operational scheme. As part of preparations for strategy “Estonia 2035”, compiling regional development plans as well as a partnership agreement and operational scheme, there have been contributions made from interest groups, the wider public as well as all ministries that have a connection with the funds. That includes the Ministry of the Interior, that is responsible for internal security and all EU structural funds relating to migration in Estonia: the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF), Border Management and visa funds and the Internal Security Fund and developing support measures as well as implementing them. The Ministry of Rural Affairs, who coordinate and plan the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund (EMFAF) and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and their implementation in Estonia, have also been involved alongside. In addition, representatives from the Ministry of Finance, together with the Ida-Virumaa Municipal Union and various interest groups, have been involved in the process and are responsible for putting together the Just Transition Plan and its implementation throughout Estonia. Within this widespread cooperation, in addition to the strategic level, there has been a discussion in great depth on the subject of which funds can be used and how to best address the challenges and development needs facing Estonia from 2021 through 2027 in different sectors. The resulting agreements and distribution of activities from these discussions have been formulated in operational programme. Cooperation during 2021-2027 will continue during the process of the development of measures as well as during implementation and monitoring, between authorities that administrate structural funding: all institutions and key partners will be part of the process of drawing up the conditions for the necessary measures. In addition to everyday involvement, with information exchange and cooperation, there will be support for the combined effort by electronic information systems when administering funding. These systems are interfaced, and the shared information will be accessible to all parties. 2.3. Complementarities and synergies between the funds covered by the Partnership Agreement, the AMIF, the ISF, the BMVI, and other Union instruments [tekst 21.06.2021 seisuga] Coordination, mutual supplementation and synergy between different instruments and implementation plans are guaranteed with planning and the synchronisation of various processes in relation to budgeting. Common bases and a strategic network is given to this by the long-term umbrella strategy for “Estonia 2035” and the new national development plans that define the direction of development and priority activities in different sectors. With the framework of drafting a one-year state budget and a four-yearly state budget, it will guarantee the ability to supplement various means and synergy, regardless of the source. Apart from other source documents, there is Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 consideration during planning as well as the implementation of the stages of the EU Baltic Sea Strategy and Action Plan to create amplification and synergy by implementing cross-border activities. During the implementation of the “Estonia 2035” strategy and the decision-making for budget consideration to reach the goals in the regional development plans, all options are looked at together (including different EU funding) and their administration is unified. Recovery and Resilience Plan is an annex to national reform programme “Estonia 2035”, covering the reforms and investments funded from Recovery and Resilience Facility and complementing the measures financed by Cohesion Policy and under Union funds. Demarcation of funding will be guaranteed in the programming process of different funds lead by Ministry of Finance and coordinated with line ministries as well as in the designing process of measures. For the compilation of the 2021-2027 budget period partnership agreement and operational programme, other EU funding instruments (among them European Territorial Cooperation programs, Connecting Europe Facility, Horizon, LIFE, home affairs and justice programs, funding from European Economic Area and Norway, Estonian-Swiss cooperation program support scheme) and active institutions (among them EU Baltic Sea Strategy National Contact Point and Working Group) have been involved. This was set up to avoid an overlap in funded activities as well as to increase synergy in areas where funding is combined from different sources. The planned resources from Estonia and the EU central funds (eg Connecting Europe Facility, different activities by Horizon, LIFE etc) to achieve coordinated usage, there is cooperation and an exchange of information between the institutions dealing with these funds to implement the operations that are important to Estonia and to promote taking part in international cooperation networks (eg. universities cooperating with Erasmus +, businesses as well as research and development institutions in consortia to implement Horizon programs, environmental NGO-s to fulfil the goals of LIFE program). As part of the planning of activities directed at fulfilling the goals of climate policy, and in conjunction with funding bodies, it is also considered to use the revenues from the allowed intra-EU greenhouse gas emission units’ trading system. When programming the use of the JTF, activities funded through other structural funds and national programmes for the period 2021-2027, including REACT-EU, the Restructuring Facility (RRF) and the ETS trading revenue were taken into account. Estonia’s territorial just transition plan proposes to only finance such measures that have no nationally planned analogues or do have analogues, but their volume is insufficient to support a truly just transition for Ida-Virumaa. Topical coordination, including combining different sources of funding for financing an area of interest, takes place through budget strategy and the management committee of the area’s development plans. These are made up of involved ministries, the Government Office, representatives from interest groups and experts. Their task is to give suggestions in conjunction with the results of an area’s development plans, report on what programs to initiate that help the area’s goals, what to change and which ones to finish and make suggestions for valuations as well as creating efficiency plans, while including coordinating and monitoring activities that are in connection with programs implemented by the cohesion policy, to fulfil the aims of the development plans. From the funding bodies, the EU’s other funding instruments as well as the complementarity of measures financed by the state budget revenues and different instruments is monitored and directed in the monitoring framework of state budget strategy and yearly working out of laws of the state budget and their implementation. For example, planning for the funding of transport will be addressed in that way, considering joint revenue from fuel excise duty as well as funds from EU resources (including funds and the Connecting Europe Facility); with an environmental policy implementing funds receivable from environmental charges, funds directed at improving renewable energy-based laws for the electricity market, funds as well as other recourses from the central government and local municipalities; labour market policy implementing funds and resources directed through the unemployment fund; to improve the quality of research and development and higher education, funds are used from the state budget performance contracts, participation in the Horizon program and taking part in activities, as well as funds from the European Research Area. To reach the goals in the country’s budget strategy, the contribution of funds is especially important for a competitive economic environment, education, a healthy labour market, social security and good public health, energy, the transport and information society, integration, environmental protection, and regional development. The Government of the Republic has reports from regular budget implementation reviews on how the EU funds are being used. This ensures that the Government of the Republic of Estonia is part of the joint debate about the structural funds, AMIF, ISF, BMVI rural life, maritime affairs and fishing industry sectors and the support that they get as well as the handling of other EU instruments along with the results, problems and the solutions to them. The described mechanism allows, when necessary, the coordination of the change of implementation plans, working through the suggestions for amendments and formulating these decisions. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 3. CONTRIBUTION TO THE BUDGETARY GUARANTEE UNDER INVESTEU WITH JUSTIFICATION N/A: Estonia will not transfer funds to InvestEU. 4. TRANSFERS MS requests a transfer between categories of region transfer to instruments under direct or indirect management transfer between ERDF, ESF+, Cohesion Fund or to another Fund or Funds transfer of ERDF and ESF+ resources as complementary support to the JTF transfers from European territorial cooperation to Investment for jobs and growth 4.1. Transfer between categories of region N/A: Estonia is one NUTS2 region. 4.2. Transfers to instruments under direct or indirect management N/A: Estonia will not transfer funds to instruments under direct or indirect management. 4.3. Transfers between ERDF, ESF+ and Cohesion Fund or to another Fund or Funds Table 5A: Transfers between ERDF, ESF+ and Cohesion Fund and to other Fund or Funds (breakdown by year) Transfers from Transfers to Breakdown by year Category Categor of region Fund y of Fund 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Total (where region relevant) 629 1 078 1 618 1 887 1 887 1 887 8 989 Cohesio N/A ESF+ Transitio 0 278 763 835 835 835 691 144 n Fund n 2 207 3 468 5 045 6 937 6 937 6 937 31 535 Cohesio N/A ERDF Transitio 0 473 887 774 774 334 653 774 n Fund n Justification [text field 3500] – lisatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks. 4.4. Transfer of ERDF and ESF+ resources as complementary support to the JTF, with justification N/A: Estonia will not transfer complementary ESF+ or ERDF resources to JTF. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 4.5. Transfers from European territorial cooperation goal (Interreg) to Investment for jobs and growth goal N/A: Estonia will not transfer resources from European territorial cooperation goal to Investment for jobs and growth goal. 5. THE FORM OF UNION CONTRIBUTION FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE The choice of the form of the Union contribution to Technical assistance pursuant to Article 36(4)* technical assistance Technical assistance pursuant to Article 36(5) ** Technical assistance reimbursed based on a flat rate for the implementation of the funds in the period 2021-2027 is chosen, as this solution will lead to significant simplifications in the system of implementation of the funds and will allow to reduce significantly administrative burden. The use flat rate allows to focus on the most important thing, i.e. the achievement of agreed results, rather than the costs incurred. This focus is more in line with the logic of the funds and creates clarity and simplicity for all relevant stakeholders. [justification 3500 characters; täiendatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] 6. THEMATIC CONCENTRATION 6.1. Compliency with thematic concentration rules Member State decides to comply with thematic concentration at national level comply with thematic concentration at category of region level take into account Cohesion Fund resources for the purpose of thematic concentration 6.2. Thematic concentration of ESF Member State complies with 25% social inclusion Planned ESF+ programmes: thematic concentration Programmed under specific 1. Operational Programme for requirements objectives (h) – (l) of Article 4 Cohesion Policy Funds, period ESF+ Regulation 2021-2027 3 % support to the most deprived Planned ESF+ programmes: Programmed under specific 1. Operational Programme for objectives (m), and in duly Cohesion Policy Funds, period justified cases (l) of Article 4 ESF+ 2021-2027 Regulation … % support to youth employment N/A Programmed under specific objectives (a), (f) and (l) of Article 4 ESF+ Regulation … % support to tackling child N/A poverty Programmed under specific objectives (f), (h) – (l) of Article 4 ESF+ Regulation Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 …% capacity building social N/A partners and NGOs Programmed under all specific objectives except (m) of Article 4 ESF+ Regulation Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 7. PRELIMINARY FINANCIAL ALLOCATION FROM EACH OF THE FUNDS COVERED BY THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT BY POLICY OBJECTIVE, JTF SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Table 8: Preliminary financial allocation from ERDF, Cohesion Fund, JTF, ESF+, EMFAF by policy objective, JTF specific objective and technical assistance EMFAF allocation Policy ERDF Cohesion JTF** ESF+ at Total objectives, JTF Fund national specific allocation level objective or at technical Allocation Allocation national Allocation Article 3 Article 4 Allocation Allocation assistance at Category by level at JTF JTF at Category by national of region category national Regulation Regulation national of region category level of region level resources resources level of region Policy objective 767 140 More More 767 1 192 developed developed 140 192 Transition 767 Transition 140 192 Less Less developed developed Outermost Outermost and and northern northern sparsely sparsely populated populated Policy objective 560 839 More 245 157 More tbc 805 997 2 616 developed 911 developed 526 Transition 560 Transition 839 616 Less Less developed developed Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 EMFAF allocation Policy ERDF Cohesion JTF** ESF+ at Total objectives, JTF Fund national specific allocation level objective or at technical Allocation Allocation national Allocation Article 3 Article 4 Allocation Allocation assistance at Category by level at JTF JTF at Category by national of region category national Regulation Regulation national of region category level of region level resources resources level of region Outermost Outermost and and northern northern sparsely sparsely populated populated Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 EMFAF allocation Policy ERDF Cohesion JTF** ESF+ at Total objectives, JTF Fund national specific allocation level objective or at technical Allocation Allocation national Allocation Article 3 Article 4 Allocation Allocation assistance at Category by level at JTF JTF at Category by national of region category national Regulation Regulation national of region category level of region level resources resources level of region Policy objective 0 More 534 564 More 534 3 developed 103 developed 564 103 Transition Transition Less Less developed developed Outermost Outermost and and northern northern sparsely sparsely populated populated Policy objective 173 678 More 534 157 More 707 836 4 756 developed 336 developed 093 Transition 173 Transition 534 678 756 157 336 Less Less developed developed Outermost Outermost and and northern northern sparsely sparsely populated populated Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 EMFAF allocation Policy ERDF Cohesion JTF** ESF+ at Total objectives, JTF Fund national specific allocation level objective or at technical Allocation Allocation national Allocation Article 3 Article 4 Allocation Allocation assistance at Category by level at JTF JTF at Category by national of region category national Regulation Regulation national of region category level of region level resources resources level of region Policy objective 199 902 More More tbc 199 5 591 developed developed 902 591 Transition 199 Transition 902 591 Less Less developed developed Outermost Outermost and and northern northern sparsely sparsely populated populated JTF specific 353 353 896 154 961 198 934 896 282 objective 282 870 412 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 EMFAF allocation Policy ERDF Cohesion JTF** ESF+ at Total objectives, JTF Fund national specific allocation level objective or at technical Allocation Allocation national Allocation Article 3 Article 4 Allocation Allocation assistance at Category by level at JTF JTF at Category by national of region category national Regulation Regulation national of region category level of region level resources resources level of region Total 1 701 561 More 779 722 534 157 More 97 391 3 466 0 0 0 154 developed 013 336 developed 060 727 846 Transition 1 701 561 Transition 534 154 157 336 353 896 154 961 198 934 282 870 412 Less Less 0 0 0 developed developed Outermost Outermost and and northern 0 0 0 northern sparsely sparsely populated populated Article 7 JTF 0 0 Regulation resources related to Article 3 JTF Regulation resources Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 EMFAF allocation Policy ERDF Cohesion JTF** ESF+ at Total objectives, JTF Fund national specific allocation level objective or at technical Allocation Allocation national Allocation Article 3 Article 4 Allocation Allocation assistance at Category by level at JTF JTF at Category by national of region category national Regulation Regulation national of region category level of region level resources resources level of region Article 7 JTF 0 0 Regulation resources related to Article 4 JTF Regulation resources Total 1 701 561 1 701 561 779 722 534 157 534 97 3 466 353 896 154 961 198 934 157 336 391 060 727 846 154 154 013 336 282 870 412 Current investments address the development needs and the goals that are set in our long-term strategy “Estonia 2035”. Also objectives described in relevant sectoral policy and development documents (f.e. in the national RTD and entrepreneurship strategy), which aims to create competitive conditions for knowledge-based productivity and well-being growth.One of the goals of the “Estonia 2035” strategy focuses on living environment – “Estonia has a high-quality living environment that accepts everyone's needs and is safe”. It means that our goal by 2035 is to increase our living environment satisfaction of people and to improve the environmental performance indicators of the sustainable development. What comes to living environment, then Estonia is a sparsely populated peripheral country in the EU and many policy areas depend on a well-functioning transport system. It means that rural areas need more connectivity investments to ensure good living and work opportunities as an alternative to urban environment. Therefore investments are done in TEN-T compliance and we also will contribute to completion of TEN-T core network and access to them by constructing 2+1 or 2+2 road sections to meet road safety and environmental requirements.The other obstacles are the incompatibility between different transportations and time-consuming travel time. Railroad can decrease the share of road transportation between larger centres, but it needs more investments to improve travel time and increase efficiency (by increasing the maximum allowed speeds). A rail measure has been designed that focuses only on the development of sustainable transport: the electrification of the railways, the straightening of curves, which should increase train speeds and increase the number of train passengers in the future. By 2035, we want to raise healthy life expectancy and the rate for lifelong learning. To increase life expectancy and average healthy life years it is important to support measures that help increase the health education of the population, reduce health inequalities and improve equal access to health services. There are large regional differences in income, that also causes health inequalities. The regional difference between Harju County and other regions is due to the faster decrease and aging of the population in other regions and, above all, the outflow of young people So, thedevelopment of urban areas plays an important role in the economic development Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 of the country. Larger urban areas face a number of problems associated with uneven growth, such as the undesirable environmental effects of suburbanisation, environmental and climate issues are becoming more and more important as a common challenge for urban areas. In Ida-Viru urban areas the challenges are connected to the low attractiveness of the living environment, the large share of underused urban areas and the housing stock’s non-compliance with needs. What comes to Ida- Viru region, then the oil shale sector is highly concentrated in that part of Estonia, resulting in the fact that oil shale related companies located there account for over 50% of Estonia’s total GHG emisions. Some, the core companies of the oil shale sector are the cornerstone of Ida-Viru region’s economy, both in terms of their turnover and high impact on companies dependent on them. In order to phase out electricity production from oil shale in a fair way, targeted support for the mitigation of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of reduced electricity production from oil shale is needed during the transition period. [tekst 21.06 seisuga] 8. LIST OF PLANNED PROGRAMMES UNDER THE FUNDS COVERED BY THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT WITH THE RESPECTIVE PRELIMINARY FINANCIAL ALLOCATIONS BY FUND AND THE CORRESPONDING NATIONAL CONTRIBUTION National Union contribution Total contribution Title [255] Fund Category of region Union contribution without Union contribution for technical assistance pursuant to technical assistance pursuant Article 36(5) CPR to Article 36(5) CPR Operational ERDF Transition 1 642 006 514 59 554 640 Tbc 1 701 561 154 Programme for Cohesion Policy 760 228 963 19 493 050 779 722 013 Cohesion Fund N/A Tbc Funds, 2021- 2027; Estonia ESF+ Transition 512 011 685 22 145 652 Tbc 534 157 336 JTF allocation N/A (Article 3 JTF 148 763 395 6 198 475 98 847 406 253 809 276 Regulation) JTF allocation N/A (Article 4 JTF 190 977 036 7 957 376 126 896 704 325 831 116 Regulation) Total ERDF, Cohesion 2 914 247 162 101 193 343 Tbc 3 015 440 504 Fund, ESF+, JTF Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Operational EMFAF N/A 91 547 596,5 5 843 463,50 41 739 026 139 130 086 Programme for European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund, 2021- 2027; Estonia Total All funds 3 345 535 189 121 192 657 Tbc Tbc Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 10 List of Interreg programmes Programme 1 Estonia- Russia programme Programme 2 Estonia- Latvia programme Programme 3 Central Baltic programme Programme 4 Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme 5 Interreg Europe programme Programme 6 Interact programme Programme 7 Espon programme Programme 8 Urbact programme 9. A SUMMARY OF ACTIONS PLANNED TO REINFORCE ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FUNDS COVERED BY THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT The success of implementing the Partnership Agreement and the successful use of its resources depends on the capacity of the applicants, the beneficiaries and the administration that manages the funds, therefore, it’s important to continue working on the efficiency on all levels during the programming period 2021-2027. The implementation and administration of Structural funds must happen fluently and for that to take place, managing authority needs to support the entire administration and the whole administration, in turn, must support the applicants and beneficiaries by providing ongoing counselling, guidelines and training. More precisely, to help with the successful implementation of the funding, the focus will be on delivering timely relevant information to the target group, training the staff working with structural funds, to ensure necessary level of competence and functional and reliable system, customer friendly service as well as increase the informativeness and involvement of beneficiaries and their social partners and increase administrative capacity. The above-mentioned activities are the tools that keep the funding management and control system institutions with a uniform and comprehensive level of knowledge; by informing and including social partners, NGOs and potential beneficiaries, ensuring consistency by the administration’s internal competence centre, through different evaluations, research, task forces and expert groups and capacity building development activities. The goal of the activities, aimed to increase the administrative capacity, is to improve the effectiveness of the administration and implementation systems and through this, create the capacity of absorption and an optimal use of administrative resources. Text field [4 500, täiendatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] 10. AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ADDRESS THE DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES AND/OR SPECIFIC NEEDS OF REGIONS AND AREAS The Ministry of Finance is responsible for implementing Estonian regional policy. Their responsibilities include coordinating and directing regional policies in accordance with the challenges and needs of the region. The Ministry of Finance coordinates regional administration and developing the policy design connected to local governments, spatial planning and supports regional development through designing regional policies. By implementing coordination between other policy objectives and keeping in mind regional challenges and designing regional policies, it’s ensured that there is a balanced overall regional development for different areas of Estonia, resulting in a reduced difference between regions and lower levels of falling behind. The Ministry of Finance’s main cooperation partners, who take part in the implementation of regional policies, are ministries, universities, Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 research centres, local governments and their unions, county-level development organisations, constitutional institutions and foreign partners. To have closely-knit national and regional development priorities, it’s important for all ministries that belong to the administration system to have regional knowledge for all the local development needs and preconditions and consider them when designing support measures. Significant input is given here by regional development strategies and cooperation with regional partners. In addition to the coordinated implementation of other policy objectives, it has been devised to have, as part of PO5, additional integrated regional development support measures. The integrated approach is used to solve regional developmental challenges on the county and urban area level. The basis of the integrated territorial approach is a regional development strategy that determines regional priorities in the different development areas. Relying on the regional development strategy means that the approach to the different areas is not uniform, but the planning of interventions takes into consideration the specifics of the region’s challenges and developmental preconditions. For most of the Estonian regions, one of the biggest challenges is the decline and the ageing of the population. That brings along challenges for the quality and accessibility of public services as well as sustaining regional employment that ensures the populations’ income and employment. Due to the declining population and labour market, there is a decline in the revenue bases of municipal governments. Small revenue base restricts development activities that are improving the business environment as well as the quality and accessibility of public services. Based on “Estonia 2035” strategy’s development needs, out of all the regions in Estonia, the regions of south- eastern Estonia and Ida-Viru county have the highest unemployment rates, the highest relative poverty rates and poor health indicators. Both regions are also characterised by sparsely populated outskirts, far from the regions’ centres, that also amplify the above-mentioned differences with other Estonian regions. South-eastern Estonia is characterised by a faster-than-average decline in population, and according to Statistics Estonia’s population projections, there will be 30% fewer people living in the area by 2040. The population share of pensioners will increase and the working-age population decrease. The average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy are lower than Estonia’s average. The population is defined by a high rate of people working outside of their home counties. Educational levels of the workforce in South-eastern Estonia are lower than Estonia’s average: there are fewer employees with a higher level of education and more workers with a basic education. A shrinking labour market and the reduced choices that it brings promotes emigration or the commuting of the educated workforce. South-eastern Estonia is also characterised by a sparsely populated and embossed landscape, and untouched nature that promote tourism and recreational economy. It has the potential to become attractive to people working digitally as well as for people working remotely. However, sparsely populated areas have limited access to fast internet connections and therefore the local government and businesses are struggling to develop opportunities in these areas. The South-eastern Estonian infrastructure is known for a high share of gravel roads. A sparse population along with the scarcity of paved roads increases the time spent on travel in this region, including a longer time travelling by bus, the main public transport option in the area. Due to this, the preferred transport option is a personal car, which in turn creates mobility poverty - if employees can only access their workplaces by car, a lot more significant proportion of their salary is spent on transport costs. Ida-Virumaa is characterised by a persistently high unemployment rate, low levels of entrepreneurial activity and the industry sector’s (oil shale industry) dependence on world market oil prices. The area is also known for the small percentage of residents who identify themselves as Estonians, that reflects in the population as well as cultural differences - 17,5% of the population in the county are Estonians (year 2019). Relatively low numbers of Estonian speakers and the cultural differences affect the districts’ labour market indicators – a smaller number of women active in the workforce and a limited choice of jobs due to the lack of Estonian language skills. Conjointly, Ida-Virumaa is a county with one of the fastest declining and ageing populations in Estonia. By the year 2040, the decline in population will be 27%, according to Statistics Estonia. The percentage of the population of children and young people under the age of 14 in Ida-Virumaa, is the lowest in all Estonia with only 14% and according to Statistics Estonia’s prognosis, by the year 2040, may drop down to 10%. Therefore, more people will leave the labour market than enter it - 6 new working-age people for every 10 that retire. The decline in the number of people in working age means a rise in the dependency ratio and complications for businesses accessing the workforce. Ida-Viru county’s workforce is relatively local and the unemployment rate was 8.7% in 2019. However, the region suffers from a labour shortage. 25% of employers in the industrial sector (dominating sector in Ida-Virumaa) and 28% in the service sector noted in the first quarter of 2019 that their business activity is inhibited by the lack of suitable labour. Educational prospects in Ida-Virumaa are influenced mainly by insufficient Estonian language skills, which is why a large percentage of students who do not feel competent in the Estonian language end up choosing a path in vocational schools where their language skills do not significantly improve. Taking into consideration the regional differences, Estonia needs a centralised coordinating of funds, including PO5 support measures, to ensure even regional development and an increase in competitiveness. [tekst 21.06 seisuga] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 11. PRELIMINARY CLIMATE CONTRIBUTION TARGET Fund Preliminary climate contribution ERDF 30%, TBC Cohesion Fund 37%, TBC  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 CCI [siia tuleb dokumendi nr] Title in EN Operational Programme for Cohesion Policy Funds 2021-2027, ESTONIA Title in national language(s) Ühtekuuluvuspoliitika fondide rakenduskava 2021- 2027 Version 0.4 First year 2021 Last year 2027 Eligible from Eligible until Commission decision number Commission decision date Member State amending decision number Member State amending decision entry into force date Non substantial transfer (art. Yes 24 (5) CPR) NUTS regions covered by the Estonia, EE00 programme (not applicable to the EMFF) Fund concerned ERDF Cohesion Fund ESF+ JTF EMFAF Tegemist on perioodi 2021-2021 struktuuritoetuste rakenduskava tööversiooniga. Iga peatüki juures on selle koostamisaeg. Avaliku konsulatsiooni alguseks (u 23.08) dokument tõlgitakse ja lisatakse keskkonnamõju strateegilise aruande eelnõu juurde eestikeelsena. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 1. PROGRAMME STRATEGY: MAIN DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES AND POLICY RESPONSES [30 000 CHARACTERS] Horizontal aspects The Estonian macroeconomic environment [tekst 2.juuli seisuga]1 Government expenditure in Estonia (39.3% of GDP in 2018) is below the EU average (45.7% of GDP in 2018). Similarly, Estonian public service expenditure (33.8% of GDP in 2018), or government expenditure less investments, is below the EU average (43.0% of GDP in 2018) – Estonia has the 4th lowest overall public service expenditure in the EU. The Estonian state budget is sustainable and macroeconomically balanced, but GDP growth estimates for the next two years are low, and by 2030 the economic growth potential will drop to below two percent due to a decline in working age population. According to the Estonian State Finance Outlook 20702, the most important factors influencing Estonian macroeconomy in the coming decades will be demographic changes - a declining and aging population. While the population decline inhibits economic development, it will be counterbalanced by an increase in available capital and labour productivity. Labour productivity growth is expected to exceed wage growth until 2035, but these should equalize after 2035. The employment rate is expected to slope down until 2070, and decrease by 4% by 2035. The number of employed is projected to decline by 25% by 2070, which means that there will be 135,000 persons less on the labour market. On the other hand, the decrease in working age population will result in the unemployment rate dropping to 5.1% by 2035. Assuming that policies and trends remain as they are today, Estonia is projected to have an average economic growth of close to 2.1% over the next 15 years. Based on 2019 data, economic growth is expected to have a declining trend, reaching 1% by 2050, after which there will be a temporary increase in growth due to population dynamics, with the period once again ending with growth slowing to 1.2%. The analysis of primary development needs for Estonia was prepared in the course of planning the national long-term development strategy “Estonia 2035”, accounting for global trends, state finance outlook and current state of affairs in Estonia. Smart governance [tekst 2.aprilli seisuga] Research and expert advice is used very little for policymaking. The researchers lack the resources and motivation to contribute to policymaking. Based on an OECD assessment, the implementation of a policy impact assessment system in Estonia is problematic. Communication between government agencies is failure-prone and inefficient, and out of the 418 proposals to reduce internal red tape, gathered by the Zero-Bureaucracy task force, only 192 have been implemented. According to OECD, the work of government agencies is mediocre and not up to expectations. Public open and big data have not been used or published significantly to generate added value. Furthermore, the quality and availability of public services varies between ministries and regions. In terms of developing e-services, Estonia needs to focus on improving existing services - the quality of e-services varies, some services are not available online and others are difficult to find - and the e-services provided by municipalities. In the IMD World Talent Ranking, which measures countries' ability to retain and attract talent, Estonia holds 28th position among 63 developed countries, which means that additional investment is needed in programs to bring in talents and foreign investment (e.g. by advertising the opportunities Estonia provides). With rising labour costs and energy and raw material prices, Estonia has become less attractive to foreign investors. The legal system and tax environment is not flexible enough to allow for changes required by new business models and innovation in various areas. Strategic goals are held back by special interests and lack of state budget flexibility, with approximately 80% of the budget allocated by legislation. Fragmented development 1 Siin ja edaspidi on lisatud täpsustused, millise kuupäeva seisuga kirjutatud tekstiga on tegemist. Enamike peatükkide täiendamise ja parendamisega tegeletakse pidevalt ning nende valmimisel ja Euroopa Komisjonile esitamise järgselt lisatakse need siia dokumenti uuendatud kujul. 2 https://www.riigikantselei.ee/sites/default/files/riigikantselei/strateegiaburoo/Eesti2035/riigirahanduse_pikk_vaade_aastani_2070_1. pdf Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 planning between various levels of public administration does not support comprehensive and critical decision-making on the state level. This confuses the role distribution of central government and local governments in various fields of responsibility. In order to promote knowledge-based policymaking, training is required for commissioning research and interpreting the results. On the other hand, this means that decisions must be made more transparent and comprehensible. It is important to improve formal coordination and information mobility between various parties (research institutions, the state, entrepreneurs and the non-profit sector). In strategic management, priorities must be set to manage public resources as efficiently as possible, which will be supported by the development of a long- term strategy on the state level. Information mobility issues must be resolved in order to reduce internal red tape and improve communication between government agencies. In order to guide and conduct regional development, cooperation between state and local governments and communities should be improved. Better-integrated solutions with user-centric design should be developed for equalizing the level of and access to public services. Public institutions involved in the development of legal and tax environment should change their structure and working arrangement in order to be better prepared for new forms on business and work and accommodate these quicker. In order to strengthen societal cohesion and the civil society, investments in support systems are required to engage citizen activists in local governance for reaching common goals. This is contingent on raising youth awareness and promoting participatory democracy among the youth. Maintaining and improving Estonia's international position requires investments in branding (highlighting the strengths of Estonia) and utilization of existing solutions to promote the economy and other areas (e.g. the e-residency program). This development need is tied to the 2019 country-specific Council recommendation number 2 - fostering research and innovation. Smarter Estonia [tekst 2.aprilli seisuga] Providing preconditions for smart growth and entrepreneurship In 2019, labour productivity was 78.8% of EU average and the 2020 goal (80%) remains unfulfilled. Based on 2017 data, the manufacturing sector constitutes 19% of jobs and 15.7% of GDP, while the productivity in that sector is merely 50% of the EU average. This implies a low position in the international value chain and mostly non-knowledge-intensive work in this sector. A similar gap with the EU average is seen in the IT and communications sectors. The number of startups and the ability to raise investments has increased, but university-business cooperation remains low. Small percentage of companies invest in research and development (286 companies in 2019) and the sums invested are not large - a total of 246.8 million euros in 2019 (0.88% from GDP). The main reasons why companies are not investing in development have to do with risk aversion, long return periods and a general lack of interest. Estonian private sector's relative research and development expenditure (0.88% of GDP in 2019) lags behind the EU average and there is little cooperation between businesses and research institutions. In the private sector, the number of research and development workers is low compared to EU average (in 2018, EU average per 1000 eployers 6,3 in Estonia 3,4). The valorisation of local resources such as wood, food, minerals and secondary raw materials is limited, the resources are often exported with the low value added and on a low levels of value chain. While Estonia retains a leading position in Europe in terms of digital public services, the integration of digital technologies in private sector is lacking (20th position in the EU). Productivity can be improved by well-planned investment subsidies to small and medium enterprises, in order to reduce risk and remove barriers to climbing the global value chain. Support for digital technologies and automation can help cope with increasing labour shortage. In order to increase private sector research and development and promote cooperation, high export-potential companies should be provided with support in areas from prototyping to product development. Due to lack of cooperation between private sector and research institutions, it makes sense to support mobility among researchers and companies' product development teams. Furthermore, research and development could be supported by providing companies with access to scientific information, research data and results as well as research infrastructure to use in business development. Competing abroad requires a strong external network, in order to help Estonian companies gain ground on new markets. Furthermore, various training opportunities should be provided to improve companies' competitiveness. In order to create a credible and sustainable (climate neutral) consumer image, attitudes should be shaped via training and Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 outreach. Since entrepreneurship and starting up a business can be difficult outside larger cities (lack of capital and labour), new and established regional enterprises should be advised and activities should conducted to increase entrepreneurial awareness, e.g. by supporting startups. Innovative startups need to be agile to quickly grow and test their ideas, so startups need seed investment. This development need is tied to the 2019 country-specific Council recommendation number 3, particularly the proposal to foster research and innovation while taking into account regional differences. Investments in research and innovation increase productivity and enable local manufacturers to climb the value chain. In addition, boosting private sector innovation and R&D requires a relevant and flexible RD&I supply, including competent researchers and top-level research teams in the fields matching with the current and future needs of the private sector. Despite the high level of Estonian research quality, there is a gap between research system and the needs of the economy and society. There is a need to reach out the R&D knowledge and services and to extend the research capacities towards the needs of the business sector and society at large. Securing RD&I supply needs to be achieved by involving different players (R&D and higher education institutions, companies and business associations, ministries and public sector institutions, etc) and actions, and focus on increasing the attractiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of the research system and diversification of the applied research areas, supporting capacity of transferring technologies, developing skills and services to commercialise research results, and developing the capacity of research and higher education institutions to improve the commercial viability and market relevance of their research projects as well as ‘profile’ R&D, making it better adapted to innovation and the production of human capital to meet national needs. According to reports and assessment, weaknesses in the RD&I governance, coordination and innovation ecosystems are also considered a challenge. It is necessary to create synergy and increase efficient cooperation and coordination between the ministries, implementation agencies, research institutions, enterprises and other participants, including via entrepreneurial discovery processes. There is a need to increase the public sector’s RD&I capacity, the capacity to integrate RD&I into the national policies and to set the demand for RD&I together with a supporting environment for it. More attention should be paid to building the networks and cooperation platforms for the participants of the Estonian ‘innovation system’ and to strengthening business-academia connections. To address these problems, we have new national Research, Development, Innovation and Entrepreneurship strategy for the period of 2021-2035. The national smart specialisation governance will be re-designed and integrated into the overall governance system of the national RDI and entrepreneurship strategy (TAIE). A greener and more connected Estonia [tekst 2.juuli seisuga] Maintaining a diverse natural environment Estonia is home to 60 endangered habitat types as designated on the EU level, as well as 100 species listed in addenda to the Habitats Directive. Half of the habitats and a third of the species are at risk, and their survival in Estonia is not assured. The Estonian economy emits three times the EU average amount of greenhouse gases per euro of GDP (2015 data). In 2018, the total greenhouse gas emissions of Estonia was 19,97 kt of CO2 eq., GHG emissions have decreased by 0,9 kt of CO2 eq. While large power producers are reducing their emissions, emissions from industry and agriculture are on the rise overall. People's environmental awareness is on the rise, as is environmentally conscious behaviour, but consumer behaviour has not been affected by these green values and attitudes. Compared to 2000, waste generation in Estonia has increased almost two-fold. Overall, waste recovery rate is on the rise, but is still insufficient (13% in 2000 vs 38% in 2018), because in 2018 a mere 28% of household waste was recycled, with 50% of the rest of household waste burned for energy and 10% landfilled. The low recycling rate increases environmental burden in Estonia. Point source pollution and diffuse pollution are having an impact on aquatic ecosystems. The pollution may be exacerbated by increasingly intensive agriculture, which has an effect of the state of soil and water biodiversity. In Estonia, 45% (2019 data) of surface water bodies and 26% (2020 data) of groundwater bodies are in less than good condition. None of Estonian coastal waters are in good or excellent condition - most are in poor condition. The main factors impacting their condition are invasive species, overfishing, eutrophication, pollutants and marine debris. The Baltic Sea is a busy shipping area, so maintaining marine and shore cleanup capabilities is of vital importance. Urbanization, transportation and manufacturing are having an impact on air quality and greenhouse gas emissions in different areas of Estonia. During the heating period in Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 many urban areas fine particle and benzo(a)pyrene levels are often exceeding the limit values. Air pollution has health effects and causes respiratory illness, resulting in approximately 600 premature deaths per year in Estonia, in addition to external costs due to premature mortality and increased bed-days. In order to promote environmentally conscious behaviour and values, people should be informed and educated, and availability of environmental data should be improved. In terms of natural resource utilization, environmentally friendly alternatives should be preferred, taking into account all potential environmental effects and conducting environmental impact assessments (public sector decisions). Development and implementation of new green technologies should be supported. In order to promote circular economy and reduce landfilling, integral planning and development is required on all levels associated with circular economy - the state, municipalities, manufacturers, merchants and consumers. Decision-making should take into account EU and global trends associated with curbing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving climate neutrality. Efforts should be made jointly with other Baltic Sea countries to improve the environmental condition of the sea. The 2019 country-specific Council recommendation highlights a need for Estonia to focus on sustainable transport and energy infrastructure, including resource and energy efficiency, which is associated with reducing airborne emissions and implementing green actions. Developing high-quality spaces and infrastructure according to society's needs Based on published population projections, Estonia has a declining population unless current trends are reversed, which, along with aging and urbanization, will result in an increase of residential greenfield sites outside major centres. In 2017, 69.3% of Estonia's population were living in cities and towns, and Estonia is one of the fastest urbanizing OECD countries. Regardless, investment plans are not coordinated between the state and municipalities and spatial planning assumes growth without regard to projections or urbanization. The principle of accessibility, crucial for an aging population, and risks associated with climate change, are mostly not accounted for by building and infrastructure developers. In Estonia, energy used by buildings accounts for over 50% of total energy use - 10% more than the EU average. Domestic energy use accounts for over 40% of total energy use in Estonia. In recent years, Estonia's international public transit gateway structure has remained unchanged (Port of Tallinn, Tallinn Airport, airports in Riga and Helsinki) and there has been little improvement of local transit network interconnections with the TEN-T Trans-European Transport Network. However, internationalization and competitiveness are increasingly dependent on interconnections to other European centres, and the number of direct services from Tallinn Airport is on the rise. In terms of interconnections, companies need competitive (in terms of speed, price and interconnectivity) logistics chains. Freight on railroads and through harbours has increased and road freight is decreasing. The Estonian road network includes approximately 40,000 km of public roads, of which 25% are in a poor or very poor condition according to 2017 data. Most people use a car for transportation`- in recent years, the number of public transit users (20% in 2017), walkers (16% in 2017) and bicyclers (3% in 2017) has declined. 76% of rural and urban residents have access to public transit, but the temporal and spatial distances and lack of interconnectivity between modes of transportation (no common ticketing system) does not encourage public transit use. The proportion of hybrids (both conventional and natural gas hybrids), natural gas powered cars and electric cars in the total fleet is low (1.8%). The energy, public water supply and internet infrastructures are problematic. Security of Estonia's energy supply is declining and energy production is largely based on a single resource - the utilization of diverse energy sources is still not sufficient to ensure energy security. Diversification of energy sources is limited by grid capacity and the general condition of infrastructure. The public water supply does not conform to standards for 1% of consumers and sewage collection and treatment does not conform to standards in 9% of communities with 2000 or more residents. No solutions are provided in smaller communities. Outside of urban areas, there is still a lack of access to high-speed internet. On the other hand, there is increasing demand for access to high-speed internet infrastructure from new companies and the proliferation of various kinds of remote work. In 2016, 11.5% of all Estonian dedicated internet lines provided a speed of at least 100 Mbs. Comprehensive spatial planning requires an overarching system of planning and state development plans, which would take into account societal needs and climate change. This would enable development in accordance with local interests and strategic needs of the state. Furthermore, meeting the EU climate target for 2030 requires a 13% reduction of domestic, agricultural, waste management and transport (excluding aviation) CO 2 emissions. As personal car use is one of the major sources of pollution, it is necessary to develop transit Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 systems - a common ticketing system and on-demand transportation in rural areas. Enhancing transportation connections requires cooperation with major partners and markets for improving air connections and freight, and completion of the trans-EU transportation network (TEN-T). The climate goals are further supported by creation of alternative fuel infrastructure for transportation, and wider utilization of renewables. This will have the additional effect of supporting energy security, which furthermore requires power grid infrastructure development, EU-level cooperative efforts and support for implementation of alternative (including renewable) energy sources, to reduce the environmental footprint of electric power generation. Human environment planning needs to favour healthy environments and sustainable, smart and novel solutions - greening, biodiversification, rainwater reuse, completion of water infrastructure (water quality), construction of bike and pedestrian paths, parcel robots, autonomous vehicles. An agile legal environment is needed to support novel technological solutions. Application of universal design methodology would ensure that services, spaces and buildings all over Estonia remain usable and accessible as the population ages. Furthermore, construction of access networks to the next- generation broadband network is needed, along with development of 5G infrastructure, in order to improve e-service accessibility and support entrepreneurs in sparsely populated areas. This development need is also referenced in the 2019 country-specific Council recommendations to focus investment in the following areas: sustainable transport and energy infrastructure and resource and energy efficiency, while taking into account regional disparities. Safety and security Municipalities, public establishments and regions are not sufficiently prepared for crises, including those which could result from climate change. There is a lack of situational preparedness and knowing what and how to do in crisis situations - for example, what to do in case of a long-term power or water outage, and how to prepare. The population is not aware of how to act in crisis situations. A further danger is their tendency to underestimate crises, which can result in increased damage in a real crisis. In sparsely populated areas, providing security can be expensive and complicated, requiring further development of cooperation with communities. Estonia still has large socioeconomical and regional inequalities, so community support might not be reliable or effective in an actual emergency. In 2019, the percentage of people living in relative poverty was 15,7% (absolute 2,1%) in Harju county and 30,3% in Valga county. In cities, the percentage of people involved in communal life is lower, and deepening polarization in the society can lead to escalation of value conflicts, including destabilization of border regions. The pace of technological development, digital switchover and increase in e-services, as well as the large variety of cyber threats require increased investment in cyber defence capabilities and e-services (vital systems and services). Because of Estonia's regional particularities, communities should be supported in taking more responsibility for providing security. This means increased utilization of volunteers for providing security and improved cooperation between levels of government. In order for community-based security to work, it is important to facilitate integration of various community groups via an open cultural space. Similarly, for providing internal security it is necessary to better prepare for mitigating external factors, such as weather phenomena or potential migration pressure. The need to increase community integration for improved security is also referred to in the 2019 country-specific Council recommendations, which highlight improving the adequacy of the social safety net and access to social services. A more social Estonia [tekst 30.06 seisuga] Successful adaptation to population dynamics Based on the Statistics Estonia estimation, by 2035 the population of Estonia will drop to approximately 1.3 million. The proportion of elderly will increase to 25% and the working age population will decrease by 100,000. The crude birth rate has increased, but based on the 2035 population estimate, the proportion of persons aged 14 and below will drop to 14.6% (16.3% in 2018). Domestic urbanization (especially among the youth) will have a substantial effect on the regional labour market potential. For instance, while Tartu county will maintain its age profile over the next 10 years, Ida-Viru and Hiiu counties will have less than 6 people reach working age per 10 new retirees. Ida-Viru county, South-Eastern and Central Estonia and remote rural areas will be most affected by population changes. The declining and aging population will have a direct effect on Estonian economic competitiveness and administrative capacity. An increasing labour shortage is an issue for both the private (particularly manufacturing) and public sectors (e.g. education and healthcare, social welfare, law enforcement). Increased attention should be paid to groups Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 (e.g. women with tertiary education) who have a greater than average difference between the desired and actual number of children. Other important measures include development of support services for families and new ways to combine work and family life, and promotion of positive parenting principles. Due to the aging population, focus should be put on enabling the elderly (e.g. lifelong learning actions). Promoting intergenerational cooperation and involving the elderly to a greater degree (e.g. in volunteer work and community activities) will help make use of their maturity and life experience. Additional to activation measures the social welfare infrastructure for elderly needs to be enhanced further. Investing into the supportive flexible arranged social services by focus on investing supported independent living enabling environment and participation in general is necessary (e.g increasing home based social services, accessibility). Flexible services, health investments and anti-ageism efforts may help promote continued employment among retirees. It is important to improve health (especially among middle-aged and elderly men) in order to reduce premature morbidity, mortality and disability, and the risk of unemployment associated with the latter. Due to the declining working aged population, measures to help unemployed or inactive groups (persons with decreased ability and health issues, NEET youth, caregivers) enter tothe labour market should be prioritized. It is important to enable and engage the youth by supporting their development and letting them shape their own lives, promoting public and civil society activity and helping them avoid social exclusion (becoming NEET). The current low level on unemployment (including long- term unemployment) (4.4% in 2019) is largely due to the current period of economic expansion, which masks inherent issues in the labour market. Regionally, Ida-Viru county clearly stands out with unemployment (8,7% in 2019) double the Estonian average. The projected decline in the number of employed persons by 2035 can be mitigated by supporting education of new generations before they become working aged, by further raising the retirement age and by promoting equalization of Estonian and non-Estonian employment levels. These three actions combined may mitigate the decrease in employed persons by up to 43,000 people. This highlights the importance of successful integration of non-Estonian speaking population and targeted actions to remove obstacles preventing non-Estonian speakers from joining the labour market (insufficient command of Estonian, reduced participation in lifelong learning, regional imbalances, societal attitudes). Another issue to discuss is the degree to which migrant labour could be used to alleviate labour shortages in certain sectors. A smart and integration-focused migration policy should be applied, which would focus not only on foreign skilled and unskilled labour, but also support Estonian nationals wishing to return. Technological development and changing business models provide opportunities for making use of various digital solutions (automation of menial tasks, digital platforms) and new ways of doing work (e.g. remote work, digital nomadism). Increased application of digital solutions helps promote employment in rural areas and bring more differently abled persons to the labour market. This development need is tied to the 2019 country-specific Council recommendation number 2 and the challenges highlighted in it, in particular skills shortages and mismatches, and labour market trends and the decrease in the working-age population, which present long-term challenges to the education and training system. Reducing inequality In 2018, the overall relative poverty rate in Estonia was 21,7% (approximately 295,000 people), of whom 50% were elderly (relative poverty rate 47.5%) or unemployed (relative poverty rate 52.3%) and 15.9% were children (aged 0–17). This is subject to regional imbalances (including within counties) – in Northern Estonia, the relative poverty rate was 15,8%, while in North-Eastern Estonia it was 35%. Of the disabled in Estonia, numbering 156,729 at the end of 2018, 46.6% were living in relative poverty in 2017. The same indicator among persons with partial loss of capacity to work was 35.1%. In 2017, 44,000 people lived in absolute poverty. Health indicators vary regionally and based on gender and education - in 2017, women's life expectancy and healthy life expectancy exceeded those of men by 8.7 years and 4.5 years respectively, and regionally the Southern Estonian counties and Ida-Viru county had a life expectancy lower by 10 years compared to the rest of Estonia. For persons with primary education, the average life expectancy is 8.4 years less than those with tertiary education. The greatest gap on the labour market is between Estonians and non-Estonians, due to the latters' insufficient Estonian skills. In 2018, the nationality-based difference in employment rate was 4.3% for men and 8.6% for women. Compared to Estonian-speaking non-Estonians (7.4%), the unemployment level of Estonians was almost two times lower Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 (4.4%) and almost three times lower compared to non-Estonian-speaking non-Estonians (13.0%). In terms of professional roles, there were 1.6 times more native Estonians among executives and senior specialists, as opposed to native Russians. Similar differences exist in participation in lifelong learning: in 2018, 22.4% of Estonians participated, compared to 14.1% of non-Estonians. Regional unemployment rates differ vastly: in 2018, Harju and Tartu counties had the lowest ones (4.4%) and Ida-Viru and Valga counties had the highest ones (11.1% and 9.1% respectively). There is a major gender pay gap in Estonia (17,19% in 2019), with a wide range of reasons behind it (including gender segregation of educational and labour market choices, unequal representation in decision-making and sharing of care burden, discriminatory practices at workplace, etc.), although it has decreased somewhat over the past six years. Regionally, Ida- Viru county has the largest gender pay gap (27.9%), and in terms of sectors, the pay gap is largest in finance and insurance. There is age-based discrimination, with people aged 50+ earning on average 20% less than younger workers. 36% of early retirees say it was because they lost their job and were unable to find new employment. For disabled persons, the rate of material deprivation (18.6% in 2018) is close to double that of the rest of population (9.9% in 2018). Studies conducted over the past few years show that persons with special needs have insufficient access to public services (e.g. assisted transportation, access-to-work services, lack of support persons, family-oriented support measures). According to the Estonian Social Survey 2016, approximately 65,000 people were assisting or taking care of a household member. Of the family members being assisted or taken care of, approximately 5500 were under 18, and 59,500 were 18 or older. Close to 20,000 people provided extensive care (20 or more hours per week) to a family member (a child or an adult). Persons taking care of their family members have a heavy burden to bear both in terms of their own efforts and the price of nursing or personal care services. Municipalities carry a weight of offering necessary aid and social services for those in need, but the level and accessibility of the relevant local services vary across regions. Supporting social services delivery, enhancement and investing into necessary infrastructure is utmost important not only for informal carers, but for wider population and balanced regional development as well. In order to alleviate unemployment and associated issues (poverty, economic stratification, social inequality), regional and local entrepreneurship should be incentivized and competency and/or product development and incubation centres should be developed, in order to stimulate creation of new businesses and therefore new jobs. Support and advisory services to entrepreneurs motivate and help them start new businesses in rural areas. Development of the means for remote work in sparsely populated regions, digital platforms etc, helps reduce regional disparities. It is important to empower the unemployed and the economically inactive. Potential measures to increase the employment rate and reduce regional imbalances include regional financial incentives for job creation, regional training programs and various mobility measures. In order to support the participation of the elderly in the labour market, measures should be developed for changing employers' attitudes and empowering social partners. Reduction of the gender gap requires increased awareness of the existence, causes and problems with gender inequality, and the need and possibilities to promote gender equality, among employers, but also among government and municipality levels policy makers, and in educational institutions and the media. In order to improve gender balance at all levels and reduce gender segregation, in particular in the fields of STEM and EHW, knowledge-based cooperation between educational institutions, employment agencies and employers is required, as well as new measures to promote change in peoples' attitudes and behaviours and to support reduction of dissemination of gender stereotypes. Persons with insufficient knowledge of Estonian should receive additional support, such as on-the-job language training, mentoring and counselling services. Support for persons with special needs should be focused on solutions which promote active participation and economic self-sufficiency (e.g. labour market services) and these should preferably be provided both on a personal and a community level. An integrated approach using technological solutions and universal design helps increase the positive impact. Reduction of administrative burden and implementation of preventive activities crucially requires community empowerment and improved competencies among caretakers and additionally support for investment in new technologies and innovative solutions. These measures would help improve the quality of caretaking services as a whole and deinstitutionalize services. A support system and counselling for caretakers would help bring caretakers back into the labour market. This development need is tied to the 2019 country-specific Council recommendation number 2 and specifically the proposal to improve the adequacy Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 of the social safety net and access to affordable and integrated social services, which is subject to large regional disparities. A further development need concerns gender and age based discrimination, including the gender pay gap, which is tied to a proposal in the country-specific recommendation number 2 to reduce the gender pay gap and improve wage transparency. Improving health and increasing healthy life expectancy Estonian healthy life expectancy is significantly below the European average and Estonia has one of the largest gender gaps in Europe. Also of note are significant regional differences within Estonia – the healthy life expectancy in Southern Estonian counties and Ida-Viru county is almost 10 years below that in Northern and Western Estonia. Level of education has a significant impact on health behaviour – in 2017, life expectancy for men with a primary education was 9.5 years below that for men with a tertiary education; for women that same number was 7.2 years. Risky or negligent health behaviour is one of the main reasons for premature mortality and morbidity - in 2017, nearly 53% of all cases of premature mortality and morbidity were attributable to avoidable risk factors or risk behaviour. Due to unbalanced nutrition and insufficient exercise, currently over half of the Estonian population is overweight, including a quarter of 1st graders. Poor health awareness and unhealthy choices put extra burden on both the Estonian healthcare and social welfare system. Estonia has a high prevalence of mental health disorders compared to the rest of Europe. Mood and anxiety disorders are on the rise among both children and adults. The number of workplace accidents has increased by 25% over the past five years. The education system, youth policy and sports and culture have a significant influence on people's awareness and values, which have an important role in reducing unhealthy behaviours. Furthermore, mental health and wellness should be promoted both at school and at work. Prevention of unhealthy choices, early discovery of diseases and stopping unhealthy behaviour requires an integrated and effective multidisciplinary approach, case-by-case support, individually coordinated service provision, legislation to support prevention, and innovative solutions, in order to help people live a long and healthy life and reduce the load on the healthcare and social welfare system caused by preventable diseases. Besides personal choices regarding behaviour and consumption, natural and artificial environments are the main health factors. It is important to consider the surrounding environment (including workplaces and the quality of water and air), also any effects climate change may have on people's health. Infrastructure should be created to support healthy living. Particular attention should be paid to prevention of decreased ability and disability by providing safe work environments and effective occupational health services. Health services and social services are not sufficiently integrated or coordinated, and their availability and quality vary greatly among regions. Co-payments for caretaking services and the workload of people taking care of disabled family members are disproportionately high. Furthermore, the healthcare and social care sectors are faced with a lack of qualified personnel, which is especially acute in certain regions. Healthcare services, social services and, in the case of children and youth, educational support services, need closer integration. Improving cooperation between different levels of the healthcare system would help improve the quality and availability of medical services. The healthcare infrastructure network needs further alignment with demographic changes, in order to efficiently provide high-quality medical services. There remains a need to invest in integrating various health information systems and improving internal data quality, in order to further increase efficiency of healthcare system administration. This development need is also referenced in the 2019 country-specific Council recommendations, which highlight the need to improve the adequacy of the social safety net and access to affordable and integrated social services. Creating flexible and need-based lifelong learning opportunities Estonia is faced with the challenge of a relatively large number of people with no professional education or training and 18-24-year-old youths with low education and who are not in school. For Estonian society, the high dropout rate from education system brings long-term social risks and wastes precious human capital, IT alsopoints to a lack of support for students to make meaningful choices and transitions. Because the current education system is not sufficiently flexible and student-focused and there exist great regional and gender-based differences in choosing learning paths for secondary and tertiary education, especially in the case of vocational secondary education, it is important to focus on providing a student-cantered and individually flexible education system and developing personalized Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 education. An excellent education and extracurricular activity system, along with engaging youth work activities would develop the next generation's social capital and future competitiveness and act as an important factor shaping their value system. It is important to actively engage youth in society, increase social cohesion and promote their affinity to Estonia. While in general Estonia has excellent educational indicators compared to other countries, there exist significant variations both regionally and between Estonian and Russian schools. In order to reduce polarization, it is crucial that the current education system be reorganized into a co-learning school which promotes integration and cohesion from early childhood. The Estonian labour market is characterized by both structural unemployment and structural labour shortage, arising not only from regional differences, but also workseekers' qualifications and competencies being mismatched with employers' needs. According to employers, the private sector is missing skilled labour, which is partially a regional issue. On one hand this is due to an inflexible school system where training does not conform to the rapidly changing demand on the labour market. On the other hand it is difficult to find skilled workers in smaller towns. Tertiary and vocational graduates' skills continue to be mismatched with employers' expectations and the dropout rate is still high, particularly in vocational education and training (in tertiary education, the dropout rate is 14.5%, while in vocational training it is 19,2% or approximately 5000 students per year). Additionally, the sociodemographic groups who need lifelong learning the most, namely the less educated and older persons, participate less. Implementation of flexible lifelong learning integrated with continued employment is an important pillar of education in the future. While participation in lifelong learning has increased significantly in Estonia, more attention needs to be paid to providing various flexible solutions in both tertiary and vocational education, and opportunities for on-the-job training. Promoting and extensively providing on-the-job training and retraining helps reduce workers' unemployment risk and social, regional, national and gender-based inequalities. The EU’s move to a resource-efficient, circular, digitised and climate neutral economy and the wide deployment of artificial intelligence and robotics requires additional support to adults training. Thus, all people need access to a broad set of skills, combining digital with job specific, green and transversal skills. This requires opportunities for constant lifelong upskilling and valuing lifelong learning in the society. In higher education there is a need to build additional capacity in the fields, where there will be a lack of labour force in near future according to the labour market needs forecasting system. Besides building teaching capacity it is also necessary to improve flexibility and labour market relevance of the programmes. In terms of higher skills and doctoral studies, both the research and the study program should be better aligned with needs of the economy and the society. The goal of the doctorate program should be to prepare a new generation of scientists, teachers and senior specialists in both the public and the private sectors. Thus far, there has been little demand for specialists with a doctoral degree outside of research institutions. Better integration of doctorate programs and research with the private sector's needs requires systematic multidisciplinary cooperation, improved mobility and enhanced incentives. This development need is also referenced in the 2019 country-specific Council recommendation number 2, which highlights the need to address skills shortages and improve the capacity and labour market relevance of the education and training system. For the Investment for Jobs and Growth goal: Table 1 Policy objective or Specific Justification (summary) [2 000 characters per specific objective] JTF specific objective or objective dedicated priority PO1 [tekst 2.04 i) enhancing The interventions focus on increasing the use and effect of the RD&I research and results and spreading innovation further in the society contributing to seisuga] innovation the development of the national smart specialisation areas defined in capacities and the national RDI and entrepreneurship strategy. The following the uptake of challenges will be addressed within three directions: Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 advanced 1. Private sector’s innovation capacity and RD&I demand technologies; - The capacity of Estonian businesses to adopt and create new knowledge and technologies is currently inadequate. - Estonian innovation system capacity and performance is still insufficient to develop and activate absorptive capacity and therefore the R&D function in companies is low. The majority of Estonian companies are small and rather young, which is why they have not been ebale to accumulate enough inhouse innovative capacities to meaningfully and regularly engage in research and development.The research development institutions capabilities and capacity for innovation are limited. - Companies and public sector lack people with necessary skills and experience in RD&I and product development. - Although Estonia can boast with 6 Estonian-based unicorns, which is remarkable result per capita, there is still gap between the most innovative companies who are positioned high in their value chain, and the majority of companies in Estonia, which is why the overall private sector productivity and positions in global value are low. 2. Ensuring relevant and flexible RD&I supply - R&D and higher education institutions’ capacity to serve the demand driven needs of the society and businesses is low. - Societal challenges linked to UN sustainable development goals and smart specialization should be better integrated into the Estonian RD&I system. There are very few thematically focused RD&I activities where R&D and higher education institutions and businesses work together to build advantages within the emerging new markets and technologies. - There is a gap between top-level research capacities, the needs of the society and structure of economy. The use and availability of research infrastructure services and research outputs of the centres of excellence outside the academia is limited. 3. Well-functioning knowledge transfer system - The interaction and connections between academia, private and public sector are limited, local ‘knowledge networks’ and cooperation platforms are underdeveloped, the potential of engagement in international ‘knowledge market’ has not been fulfilled. - Public sector’s capacity to integrate RD&I into the national policies, including the government’s important role as a forerunner in applying innovative solutions and as the creator of the demand for innovation, is limited. - The availability and awareness of research data and outputs is modest, civil society and businesses engagement in RD&I processes is limited. - Use of RD&I is still relatively modest in Estonian public sector. Larger scale development projects and evidence-based experiments which would implement new technologies, innovative practices etc are still quite rare. Also, the smart regulations and other demand-side innovation policy instruments should be more actively used to trigger business innovation. - To meet the development needs and implement strategic goals of “Eesti 2035” and Research, Development, Innovation and Entrepreneurship strategy for the period of 2021-2035, more extensive use of new knowledge and innovative solutions is inevitable. In addition to technology-based solutions, the growing need to use humanities and social sciences to solve the above-mentioned challenges is recognized. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 - Therefore, it is important to create better preconditions in public sector for more active integration of RD&I into the national policies, including facilitating co-creation with the business sector. Impact of these interventions: - increasing the capability of research and development in public and private sector will improve the quality and extent of the RD services, increase the uptake of new technologies, business and service models leading to improved value chain, higher productivity and more efficient and effective products and services; - strengthening innovation performance and fostering productivity growth will increase sustainability, growth and overall well-being of the Estonian society, for every citizen through improved products and services, higher incomes and sustainable and greener environment. - increased public demand for R&D intensive innovative products and services will boost R&D and innovation in private sector and wider public will benefit from better solutions to our “societal challenges.” PO1 [tekst 2.04 (ii) reaping We will make sure that Estonia’s digital government meets the user the benefits of needs in best way and is technologically innovative – while secure. This seisuga] digitisation for way, we are investing into further enhancing our core national strength citizens, area. Development of digital government also is part of EU newest companies and digital agenda, as per 2020 communication “Shaping Europe’s Digital governments; Future”. The planned interventions and need for them stem directly from upcoming new national digital agenda for 2030 (in drafting). Wide uptake of digital solutions in public sector in Estonia has already led to higher productivity in both government and national economy, to more accessible and higher quality public services. However, several challenges still exist: - Estonian digital government solutions still lack in areas of user- friendliness of services, or the use and quality of data within public sector (both mentioned in Annex D of country report, too), also technical quality and sustainability of digital government infrastructure and core services (e.g. brought out in National Audit Office annual review 2019); - With the development of public governance and services, policy reforms and changes in the regulatory environment (including at the EU level), the governmental business processes underlying digital services and the user needs are changing all the time and at increasing speed. Also, users' expectations of service quality and personalisation are also increasing constantly. Therefore, digital solutions must continuously be updated (redesigned and redeveloped), plus new ones adopted. - Digital technology itself continues to evolve: creating new opportunities for better delivery of existing public services and administration, or the emergence of opportunities for digital delivery of services or governance in ways that were previously impossible. Reaping these benefits will require capacity for swift uptake of new opportunities, as well as specific investments into experimentation, R&D, related uptake of innovations. - The risks related to digital solutions keep growing: scale and range of cyber risks is constantly growing and increasingly complex to manage, while the new solutions also impose new risks, such as new attack possibilities against digital services. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Thus, growing the capacity for cyber security is a necessity to keep being and going digital in Estonia. - Level of digital service development and delivery is very uneven and mostly low on regional/municipality level, given also uneven and low level of capability for digital transformation and management in municipalities (as they are still too small in large majority). NGOs are digitally too weak to be able to offer a remedy – digital transformation is yet to reach the third sector. Reforms are necessary in this area, to make (local) public service delivery similarly good and accessible across the country/regions. A particular challenge for local governments is ability to manage their systems securely (highlighted by National Audit Office several times). - As OECD 2020 Digital Government Index illuminated, Estonia has been delivering good results despite insufficient maturity of digital coordination, skills and governance of digital government – which would be crucial to make the impact of investments uphold in time. Thus, relevant capacity building is merited to make digital government excellence spread across the whole public sector and have proper governance mechanisms in place. The benefit for citizens and businesses of additional investments in this area would be: taking the quality of public services and administration to the next level through, manifested in better personalisation and user- friendliness of services, more productive public authorities and better availability of services (incl in face of cyber threats). This will also deepen our national competitive edge in digital sphere, which has many economic growth spillovers. PO1 [tekst 2.04 (iii) enhancing Out of all new businesses, few are innovative, knowledge-based and growth and focused on providing high added value. Increasing the proportion of seisuga] competitiveness such businesses requires knowledge and skills provided at a of SMEs, professional level, but also an ecosystem to encourage and support including by flexible entrepreneurship and provide relevant and accessible physical productive and digital services to enterpreneurs launcing their businesses. Special investments; support is needed for start-ups, in order for them to scale up, and the start-up ecosystem, which is international competition, too few investors with a sufficiently broad investment portfolio, and limited impact of start-ups on the wider economy. Estonia may be a pioneer of the digital economy, but in terms of utilisation and implementation of digital services, Estonian businesses position 19th in the EU. This gap is partially due to businesses' lack of expertise for managing digitalisation, and a low level of digital competencies, which stop them from utilising data to the greatest possible degree for their business purposes and for improving their competitive position. The productivity and position in global value chains of SME-s, including in creative industries and tourism, is low. Regional differences in competitiveness and productivity of SMEs outside the more developed capital region need to be addressed to increase the pace of catching up of these regions to the overall economic growth in EU. 69% of investments made by Estonian businesses is spent on property, plant and equipment, and less than a third on intangible assets. Estonian economy is further characterised by a lack of export of high added-value products and services, low international recognition, and a marginal position in global trade. Furthermore, export prices of Estonian goods have not increased at a sufficient rate compared to the European average. Due to the small scale Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 of Estonian businesses (approximately 98% of businesses are SME), most of them have limited resources for strategic export development and entering new markets. Therefore it is important to provide strategic, innovative and proactive support for businesses entering international markets. Access to capital is problematic, especially outside major cities. Furthermore, there are obstacles to financing higher-risk activities, such as research and development, product development, etc, because the investment environment is not competitive enough to provide a sufficient variety of financial instruments. PO1 [tekst 2.04 (v) enhancing Estonia performs well in terms of overall broadband connectivity, but a digital digital divide between urban and sparsely populated areas, both in seisuga] connectivity terms of coverage and take-up is still present. Ultra-fast coverage in sparsely populated areas is 32.8%. Despite the availability of networks, the take-up of fast (44%) and ultra-fast (14%) broadband is below the EU average (49% and 26% respectively). Effective deployment of the 5G networks also contributes to assuring reliable and fast connectivity. According to the mapping of investment needs, Estonia still has around 65 000 locations in „white“ market failure areas not having access to very high capacity broadband infrastructure, 17% out of which in South- Eastern Estonia. Lack of very high capacity broadband infrastructure and 5G coverage has a negative impact on reducing regional disparities and disturbes the availability of contemporary services. New broadband technologies in regions enable the innovation of communication and content service for inhabitants and businesses. Very high capacity broadband infrastructure and 5G networks are necessary for devices, which demand reliable and fast connection to transmit increasing data volumes. 5G will transmit data faster than current technologies. Data is an enabler for new business models and innovation which create new jobs. The technology is ready and most of the telecom operators have already tested 5G communication services. Hence, governments must strive to lead the adoption of this technology. There are, nevertheless, some good opportunities for leadership in a number of 5G vertical markets. For Estonia public safety, manufacturing industry, digital culture and transportation stand out here – these verticals dominate among the testbeds and the business cases can be relatively easy to find. Underlying that as one of the first steps, we need our transport paths to be “5G corridors” both nationally and cross- border. 5G infrastructure along major transport routes is a crucial step for sustainable mobility and the improvement of traffic safety which has been proven by preliminary 5G mapping. Over the last 10 years Estonia has invested already more than €80 million euros to backbone network development in rural areas. As a result about 7000 km additional fibreoptic network has been built and it covers the main transport routes in Estonia – a solid foundation for 5G development. But further investments are necessary in market failure areas: the construction of very high capacity broadband infrastructure; the promotion of the uptake of 5G technologies; 5G coverage for major transport corridors, residential and business areas. PO2 [tekst 2.07 (i) promoting Motivation of district heating providers, private house owners and energy enterprises responsible for public transportation to contribute to seisuga] efficiency and energy efficiency and introduction of renewable energy is low, because reducing these kinds of investments are usually not economically viable. This also greenhouse gas applies to the energy efficiency of social infrastructure, such as emissions healthcare facilities. Actions under SO1 are targeted (as per Annex D) to promote energy efficiency measures renovations and transitioning to renewable fuels in accordance with the National Development Plan for Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 the Energy Sector Until 20303, the National Energy and Climate Plan Until 20304, the National Long-term Building Renovation Strategy 5, European Green Deal and European Commission’s Renovation Wave Strategy and Methane Strategy. In Estonia, buildings are accounted for ca 50% of all energy consumption (the EU average is 40%) and less than 1% (Energy performance of buildings directive recommends 3%) of housing stock is renovated annually. Most of the buildings (around 80%) were built before 1990. Main problems of the housing sector are the result of aged buildings and regional disparities: low quality of existing housing stock, reduced sustainability of renovation and low energy efficiency; limited availability of energy efficient housing with good indoor climate; limited development of housing market outside larger centres and away from active real estate areas. Reduction of ambient air pollutants, greenhouse gases (like CH4 from the poor combustion processes) and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCP-s) is crucial to mitigate the negative effect on environment and to reduce significant health risks. For ambient air, measures for all related sectors (energy, transport, residential and district heating etc) have been agreed in National Programme for Reduction of Emissions of Certain Atmospheric Pollutants 2020-2030. Air quality and greenhouse gases assessment in urban and industrial areas is the tool for evaluating the effectiveness and actual impact of measures and efficiency of environmental policy, as well as increasing public awareness. PO2 [tekst 2.07 (iv) promoting According to the Country Report 2019, Annex D regarding climate climate change change risks, Estonia is subject to coastal erosion and floods, which seisuga] adaptation, risk damage infrastructure. Investment needs have been identified for prevention, climate change adaptation, risk prevention, disaster resilience. Based on resilience, taking risks assessment and capability analyses, it is crucial to improve into account eco- response time for emergencies caused by storms, floods and forest fires, system based and to ensure improved flood risk management and functionality of approaches storm drainage systems under conditions of more frequent rainfall. There is a risk of floods where the infiltration of rainwater into the ground has been significantly reduced by poorly or non-conductive coatings. Therefore, it is important to adopt with additional hydraulic loads caused by climate change and to establish modern stormwater systems to avoid stormwater induced floods and reduce heat island effect arising from hot weather. Additionally, investments to develop and modernize the meteorological (incl. radar network), environmental and hydrological monitoring network and weather radar network are planned under the SO. Stormy winters with lack of ice have turned out to be a rapidly increasing threat to port facilities and safe servicing of various vessels. Lack of defences (seawalls, breakwaters) contributes to rapid shortening of the useful life of port facilities. Conservation of biodiversity is an important tool for buffering climate change; functioning ecosystems are more resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change and essential for the maintenance of the carbon stock. The condition of climate-sensitive wetlands needs to improve, in order to mitigate the effects of climate change. The climate change awareness in Estonia (59%, 2019) remains below the EU average (79%). The goal of the Internal Security Strategy is to raise people’ awareness regarding emergencies and crisis situations by 3 https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/ndpes_2030_eng.pdf 4 https://mkm.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/energeetika/eesti-riiklik-energia-ja-kliimakava-aastani-2030 5 https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/default/files/documents/ee_2020_ltrs_official_translation_en.pdf Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2030. The public needs well-developed tools to understand the possible threats, consequences and self-preparedness measures. PO2 [tekst 2.07 (vi) promoting Transition to circular economy is a prerequisite for increased the transition to competitiveness and in view of global trends - an inevitable choice. seisuga] a circular and Proposed actions are targeted in accordance with The Country Report resource 2020 to address: efficient i) significant investment needs in the circular economy, economy ii) low resource productivity and iii) hampered competitiveness due high levels of domestic material consumption and waste generation. The National Energy and Climate Plan 2030 addresses need to avoid and reduce waste and to develop a green technology investment program. The challenges and interventions are framed by the objective of transition to a resource efficient climate-neutral circular economy (as per Annex D) by 2050 and the new EU circular economy action plan and industrial strategy. Estonia needs to significantly improve in terms of resource productivity (0.64 EUR/kg, EU 2.33 EUR/kg). For circular transition, fundamental changes are needed, especially in the first stages of resource use chain to continue to improve in resource efficiency and to implement a full circular transition in waste management. Circular economy-based production and consumption models, promotion of eco-design, improved energy and resource efficiency of enterprises are the main focus areas. We have experience and studies from last period on resource efficiency and waste management measures. The goal is to have an entrepreneurship model based on circular economy by 2035. Waste management interventions are based on the goals of National Waste Management Plan and the Waste Framework Directive. Reduction in waste generation and packaging leads to reduced costs and environmental impacts throughout the whole product chain. Estonia is still far behind in terms of municipal waste recycling targets. In 2019, 31% of waste was recycled in Estonia (55% target for 2025). Efficient and effective waste management needs to be developed, including high separate collection rate and availability of suitable recycling capacities. PO2 [tekst 2.07 (viii) promoting The population in Estonia is concentrated in urban areas which leads to sustainable issues with accessibility, traffic congestion and emissions. The number seisuga] multimodal of daily commuters puts significant pressure on the existing urban mobility, infrastructure and raises the need for further development of a complex as part of and sustainable urban transport system. Proposed actions are targeted transition to a to address those major problems and challenges: net zero carbon  increasing travel times and costs; economy  growing dependence on personal cars and the resulting inequalities;  decreasing travel by sustainable modes (unattractive streets, decreasing independent mobility of children, fragmented public transport services);  increasing transport-related energy consumption and CO2 emissions;  increasing negative health effects;  poor integration of land use and transport planning. The greatest impact can be achieved in Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu urban areas. Tallinn region is home to half of the population and represents highest transport load and heaviest commuter traffic. Half of Estonia’s CO2 comes from Tallinn region - 1,400,000 tonnes of CO2 emissions from traffic per year (target level 930,000 tonnes by 2030). Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 In Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu area the use of bicycles for normal transport functions is far from reaching its potential. The length of cycle paths in those cities is insufficient, individual bicycle routes are often unconnected and with frequent interruptions, also storage facilities are lacking or unsafe. In those regions more attention needs to be paid to the efficiency and speed of public transport, its network and competitiveness in relation to private cars. That emphasizes the need for developing and improving intermodal passenger transport hubs and combining different types of mobility options. In capital region Tallinn establishing new tram links as a valuable high capacity and environmentally friendly type of public transport is crucial. Proposed actions are consistent with national Transport and Mobility Strategy 2021-2035 (in preparation). PO3 [tekst 2.07 (ii) developing a As a sparsely populated country, Estonia depends on a functioning sustainable, transport system. Alas Estonia has made only little progress on seisuga] climate completing the TEN-T core network. Investment needs in transport resilient, sector until 2030 are increasing and among that the need to upgrade intelligent, major roads to meet the requirements of Regulation (EU) secure and No 1315/2013. Road safety needs improvement, as Estonia falls below intermodal EU average regarding safety on roads. Safety of pedestrians and cyclists TEN-T will be improved by pedestrian roads and tunnels. In addition, more investments in environmental mitigation measures are needed. All obligations under directive 2014/94/EU have been fulfilled, road recharging infrastructure is under continuous improvement. The total external cost of inland transport in Estonia is estimated at 1.5 billion euros annually, corresponding to 5.3% of Estonia’s GDP, 51% of this is environmental cost (EU average 44%). New Transport and Mobility Development Plan for 2021‒2035 is being prepared which takes into account environmental impacts and focuses on the development of sustainable mobility and its infrastructure. Bearing European Semester 2020 Country Report in mind, a rail measure has been designed that focuses on the development of sustainable transport: the electrification of railways, the straightening of curves, which should increase train speeds and the number of train passengers in the future. To maximise the efficiency of Rail Baltic and ensure synergies between Connecting Europe Facility and Cohesion Fund Rail Baltic local stops are being built between Tallinn and Ikla. Planned actions contribute to EU objectives in sustainable and smart mobility strategy. Digital infrastructure must become part of the mobility service and infrastructure, so that faster data communication allows the ITS sector to develop, create and test new management, information and mobility services. PO3 [tekst 2.07 (iii) developing For regional development, it is necessary to solve bottlenecks that keep and enhancing people from walking, using bicycles or combining different modes of seisuga] sustainable, transport for daily commuting and to improve the infrastructure climate essential for accessing public transportation and services by active resilient, modes of transport. intelligent and The measure contributes to safe and sustainable mobility networks by intermodal promoting the development of cycling and/or walking paths outside the national, largest urban areas (Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu). The development of regional and these paths is expected ensure better and more sustainable access to local mobility, services, public transport (including Rail-Baltic local stops), and to including workplaces. More fully developed cycling/pedestrian mobility networks improved Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 access to TEN-T of this kind have the potential to significantly increase the use of rail, and cross- increase the use and sustainability of public transport as a whole and to border mobility reduce dependence on private cars and thus lower GHG emissions nationally. The intervention contributes to the development of integrated transport systems, including supporting the formation of comprehensive networks of cycling and walking, and the usability of a more convenient electric railway station. The investments are expected to have a beneficial effect on reducing climate change. PO4 [tekst 30.06 (a) improving To achieve a swift recovery from the economic and labour market access to impact of the COVID-19 crisis and to support ongoing structural changes seisuga] employment in the economy, jobseekers including unemployed and inactive as well and activation as employed need targeted package of active labour market measures. measures of all Different groups face different challenges entering, returning and jobseekers, in maintaining their position at the labour market or transitioning to jobs particular in need of different skills. Labour market is segregated based on gender, youth, age, work ability and nationality, horizontally and vertically. especially Stereotypes remain a problem. Not only do these problems hinder through the gender equality and progress towards eliminating the gender pay gap, implementation such issues also prevent skills’ and needs based labour mobility. of the Youth Although Estonians, esp. women, are well educated, people often work Guarantee, at jobs below their acquired education or skill level. According to 2016 long-term data (PIAAC), 36.1% of workers – apprx. 200,000 - work at a job unemployed requiring a lower level of education. According to OECD, worker’s and hourly productivity constitutes about 73% of an average EU28 worker’s. disadvantaged Causes for this gap include low levels of education, outdated education groups on the and skills. People with outdated or low levels of education and skills labour market, have scarce resources to renew their skills and are in more vulnerable and for inactive situation at the labour market, additionally employers have less interest people, as well in investing in them. Youth unemployment rate is higher than general as through unemployment rate, especially in the crisis situation (increased from promoting self- 6,9% in 2019 to 12,6% in the IIQ of 2020). Due to lack of work employment experience, lower education, regional gaps, language barriers or other and the social obstacles, young people need more intensive support. economy; Different socio-economic and regional gaps exist causing further structural gaps. Also, care burden and health problems remain an obstacle. Considerable nationality based segregation in the labour market, expressed in particular in a wage gap and unemployment (1,5 fold gap in unemployment rate in 2019) and employment (69,6% vs 66% in 2019) indicators, exists in the labour market. Due to all of this, significant amount of population’s labour market potential remains insufficiently used. One of the biggest challenges for Estonia over the next decade is finding PO4 [tekst 30.06 (d) promoting a way to keep people in the labor market as healthy and long as possible. adaptation of seisuga] Health and safety at work needs to be improved. The number of work workers, accidents has gone up during the past five years by 25%, increasing the enterprises and expenses of employees, employers, and the state. Employment entrepreneurs relationships and employment forms are diversifying, leading to new to change, and risks and greater employee responsibility. It is necessary to raise active and awareness of the hazards and risks of the work environment to prevent healthy ageing work accidents and to preserve the employees’ work ability. It also has and a healthy a detrimental effect on the introduction of new ways of working, incl. and well- teleworking and other flexible arrangements.. Also, the system to adapted identify and measure the physical, chemical and biological risks at working workplace needs to be improved. environment addressing Weak supervision of the work environment, the poor-quality and health risks sustainability of the occupational health care system with limited services hinders the prevention and early detection of work-related health issues.There is no intervention to maintain work Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 abilityemployability and skills in case of temporary incapacity for work. The support system for this period is ineffective and can lead to partial or permanent loss of work ability. People leave also because of the pension system providing an old-age pension under favourable conditions, which tend to motivate early retirement, employers’ attitudes and health problems. The system to identify and measure the physical, chemical and biological risks at workplace needs to be improved. Recognized labs can be found only in bigger cities, and several modern methods to identify and measure the risks are not Estonia People leave the the labor market also because of the pension system providing an old-age pension under favourable conditions, which tend to motivate early retirement, employers’ attitudes and health problems. Main causes of health loss, are cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and injuries, which are largely affected caused by lifestyle and the environment. The main risk factors for health determinants (alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs, diet, physical activity), are not effectively prevented. In addition, cCounselling and treatment services are fragmented, poorly integrated with primary care services and not sufficiently provided. Likewise risks related to mental health are not sufficiently mitigated. There is a lack of cooperation between different sectors (health, education, social, justice, internal security, etc.) at different levels (state, local level; third and private sector). PO4 [tekst 30.06 (e) improving I. The education and training systems in Estonia are not sufficiently the quality, responsive to labour market needs and skills mismatches and shortages seisuga] inclusiveness, are increasing. The supply of the education and training workforce is not effectiveness ensured especially in the context of the expected shift towards more and labour greener and digital economy. market An approach to personalization of and support to teaching and learning relevance of as well as to development throughout one’s life of the motivation to education and study has not taken root. The percentage of 18-24 year-old young people training not in education nor training is still too high as well as the percentage of systems people without secondary education in younger age groups. Gender including related gaps in post basic education are as well worrisome. through Development and valuation of general skills and key competencies validation of required in the future is not sufficiently valued, coherence and non-formal and continuity between different education levels and types is not sufficient informal and the principles of inclusive education have not been implemented as learning, to much as had been expected. Studies are not connected to future careers support and the labor market in a sufficient manner and cooperation with acquisition of companies for the purpose of making studies more practical and key relevant to real life is insufficient and the general awareness on competences application of research and development and innovation is low. including Teachers’ and school-leaders skills in shaping the study process and entrepreneurial environment are uneven, incl. the potential of digital solutions is not and digital maximally used to enhance studying and teaching. The teaching skills, and by methods and means used are at times out of date and irrelevant and the promoting the peculiarities and special needs of not all learners are considered. The introduction of capacity for research based and inclusive development of curricula and dual-training for implementation management of such curricula is scarce. Provision systems and of feedback concerning learners’ study outcomes and internal and apprenticeships external assessment of educational institutions is insufficiently cohesive. The formal education system continues to face the great challenge of aging teachers and the resulting need to secure the addition of new teachers. In nonformal learning, approximately 90% of youth workers have a higher education; however, 60% of the latter do not have Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 special qualification or the qualificationof a Youth Worker and the sector is characterized by staff turnover. II. Studying opportunities and students choices are not sufficiently in line with the development needs of the society and the labor market As European Commission has pointed out in 2019 country specific recommendations Estonia has to improve the quality, effectiveness and labour market relevance of education and training and support key competences, including digital and transversal skills and innovation management at all educational levels; Learning pathways in upper-secondary education do not provide for enough choice, flexibility, or personalization and vocational education is still low in popularity. Severe shortage of labor force and skills in a number of sectors (incl. ICT, engineering, social and healthcare sector and other growth areas,incl. STEM) is on the rise and this hinders further economic development and restrains Estonia from reaching the next development phase. The attractivness of these study fields for the prospective students is low, in several fields the number of graduates is not corresponding to the labour market needs. For example, the Estonian ICT alone sector is missing more than 14,000 people. One of the concerns to tackle is the gender stereotypes in the choice of study paths between boys and girls. In addition to the sector specific approach there is also need for region specific approach to better address the skills and skills levels needed for labour market. Learners’ educational and career choices do not correspond to estimated labor force needs and drop-out rates from vocational and higher education are high. In relation to work-based learning (WBL, incl apprenticeships), challenges include the motivation and capacity of SME´s to provide study opportunities and involvement in studies of up to 25 year-old youths (without prior work experience) and learners with educational special needs. PO4 [tekst 30.06 (f) promoting Children raised in risk prone situations and inactive young people, their equal access to exclusion from acquisition of education, the labor market and seisuga] and completion opportunities offered by youth work constitutes a serious social of, quality and problem. Due to increasing shortage of qualified labor force in the labor inclusive market, it is crucial to include youth in the labor market or to increase education and their qualification by further studies. training, in In 2020, there were 24,300 young people who do not study, work or particular for participate in training (so-called young people with NEET status) in the disadvantaged 15-29 age group in Estonia, i.e. 11.7% of the age group. Compared to groups, from 2019, the number of young people with NEET status has increased and early childhood risen back to the level where it remained in 2016–2018 (20,700 or 9.8% education and in 2019). We need to focus on preventive interventions through youth care through work and formal education as well as to develop more effective general and measures and wider outreach for young people in NEET status in vocational stronger partnership (at state-, local-, family level) to reinforce the education and youth guarantee in combination with labour market measures. In the training, and to context of competitiveness and skills traineeships should be ensured. tertiary level, as well as adult To plan, implement and assess the effect and quality of services that education and meet youth needs, development and further advancement of youth learning, monitoring and analysis system is necessary. including facilitating learning To reduce early school leaving and risk of exclusion high quality mobility for all education, related support services and youth services must be and accessibility accessible to children and youths regardless of the region they live, their for persons with mother tongue or any special needs they might have. disabilities Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 PO4 [tekst 30.06 (g) promoting People need access to a broad set of skills, combining digital with job lifelong specific and transversal skills. Shortage of skilled labour is the main seisuga] learning, in factor hindering the development of Estonian businesses. To achieve a particular swift recovery from the economic and labour market impact of the flexible COVID-19 crisis support to people re-and upskilling is needed. Skills upskilling and development gives great benefits in putting economy back on reskilling sustainable growth to maintain and advance technically innovative and opportunities competitive economy and welfare. for all taking OECD data from 2018 show that an Estonian worker’s productivity into account constitutes about 73% of an average EU28 worker’s hourly productivity. entrepreneurial Major cause for this gap are outdated education and skills. High and digital percentage of individuals have low levels of education (approx. 84,000 skills, better individuals aged 25-64) and are without any professional education anticipating (26% in 2020). There is also a high drop-out rate in vocational education change and new and in non-stationary general education. Despite general increase in skills participation in LLL (20.2% in 2019), participation rate among older requirements people, people with lower education and skills, non-Estonian speaking based on labour people and men remains low. market needs, facilitating Fragmentation of the training market and shortcomings in quality career evaluation system make providing non-formal training a challenge. transitions and Heterogeneity of students and the need to balance studies with promoting employment will add to the increasing need for flexible and quality professional studying opportunities. There is a lack of information about non-formal mobility learning opportunities and no user-friendly way to access the information. Skills anticipation and monitoring system OSKA has launched successfully but further reforms and cooperation is needed to reform the professional qualification system. Incentives and cooperation formats for organizing cooperation between educational institutions and employers and for modernization of content should be significantly more efficient. Skills assessment and validation opportunities are still insufficient and of uneven quality and do not support individuals to plan their studies and career. Skills descriptions, classifications and databases do not match and do not provide for a comparable overview skills needs of the population. The process of amending occupational standards is inflexible and does not allow for an efficient reaction to the needs of the labour market. PO4 [tekst 30.06 (h) fostering Children and youth are significantly more susceptible than adults to active inclusion different environmental factors and interventions. This means that seisuga] with a view to growing up in unsatisfactory conditions reduces a child’s development promoting potential, promotes risk behaviour and mental health issues. Providing equal assistance to children is the responsibility of the local governments (LG) opportunities, and the state, but the system does not correspond to the needs. LG’s non- child protection workers deal with ca 10,000 children in need each year, discrimination i.e. children who experience sexual, mental and physical violence; who and active have serious behavioural and mental health problems; who do not have participation, sufficient parental care. Currently, children in need are not provided and improving with high quality and accessible services. This is causing the problems employability, to accumulate and worsen. The bottlenecks are the late identification of in particular for the need for assistance, the fragmentation of the needs assessment and disadvantaged provision of support between different systems – social and healthcare, groups education, law enforcement. Instead of efficient family-based services, a significant proportion of children in need are directed to institutions. In the end, many of these children instead of becoming social contributors and creators of added value, grow up to be adults who need assistance. This vicious circle passes on from generation to generation, destroying Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 the potential human capital. The prevention and management of risks in early childhood is the basis for future success of youth. Activities aimed at improving the wellbeing and development of children and young people, such as fostering civic education and facilitating active participation, can help prevent social exclusion and support the preparation of children and young people for their adult life. It is important to contribute to comprehensive measures that support the implementation of the European Child Guarantee – incl. creation of a comprehensive child protection system, including fostering cooperation between different levels and sectors, activities for the prevention of risk behavior and the risk of social exclusion of children andyoung people, support of children and young peoplethat have relation to the criminal justice system, etc. Nearly 30% of the population in Estonia represents another ethnic groups and do not speak Estonian as first language and during the last decade, migration has increased (In 2020, 4 710 individuals from the third countries and 3,724EU citizens settled in Estonia, besides the returnees).. Permanent residents of other ethnicities, new immigrants, and returning residents may become isolated in Estonia due to lack of abilities required for successful participation in the labour market, lifelong learning, etc and experience issues specific to their target group as well as common socio-economic problems, which are mostly connected with the lack of sufficient knowledge of Estonian language. Relevant problematic issues that are connected to having sufficient knowledge of the Estonian language, without which it is difficult to participate in society, and relate to a number of socio-economic fields – labour market, education, contacts with Estonians, participation in cultural life, media consumption, participation in civil society, openness and attitudes in Estonian society. We face clear socio-economic gaps in relation to language proficiency, age, and health indicators, as well as strong gender and nationality based segregation in the labour market. According to the last research available, ethnic regional segregation has been growing since early 1990ties, i.e. ethnic minorities tend to live with ethnic minorities without interacting with Estonians. Besides that, Ida- Virumaa has the worst integration indicators as compared to other areas that have ethnic minorities’ population. This is why cooperation with local municipalities and development of their capacity to address the challenges of adaptation and integration locally is of high priority. Therefore, Estonia needs more services to support adaptation and integration, which involves ensuring that all residents acquire the Estonian language to a level necessary for obtaining education, participating in the labour market and in the society as a whole. It is important that residents have a shared information environment and feel fully integrated in the society. Failing to achieve this can create subgroups or regions that are unable to benefit fully from opportunities otherwise available, and this can lead to social tensions and disillusionment. The coherent approach is indispensable to address all those problematic issues concerning permanent residents of other nationalities, new immigrants, and returning residents to foster their active inclusion and participation, to improve their employability and to guarantee equal opportunities for them. PO4 [tekst 30.06 (k) enhancing Estonian long-term care (LTC) system is fragmented between equal and governance levels and sectors. As local governments (LG) capacities to seisuga] timely access to invest in home and institution-based LTC services are unequal, access to quality, LTC services depends largely on the residence of the person. Despite the sustainable and general aim of Estonian welfare policy to provide services that support affordable independent coping at home as long as possibleHome services are services, available only to the extent of 15% of total demand, while the share of Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 including institutional services has increased. Studies show that 16-23% of older services that people with care needs require much more assistance with their daily promote the living than the current care system can provide. Dementia is strongly access to underdiagnosed, remaining approximately 12 times lower than the housing and expected 7% level in the 60+ group. About 45% of the recipients of person-centred general care services are people with dementia. Services supporting care including independent living at home are offered significantly seldom than healthcare ; needed. As a result, of this, families have a heavy care burden both in modernising terms of providing the care and in paying for the services. Apprx 60 000 social people have care responsibilities, including more than 8,100 who are protection not in paid work due to this and about 6,500 who have been forced to systems, take a part-time job. The aging of the population will further increase including the need for assistance and care. promoting People with higher need of care are more often physically separated access to social from society and family, which significantly limits their independence protection, with and ability to be a full member of community. It is necessary to a particular implement new technological solutions, service models and mentality in focus on the provision of LTC, which could support the people's ability to cope at children and home and help to increase their safety and quality of life. Improvement disadvantaged of the LTC system needs to go hand in hand with the developments in groups; workforce. Estimations show that Estonia lacks of skills (including improving digital) to develop and provide modern and people-centred services. accessibility Reorganisation of LTC will further lead to the need for new competences including for and increases the need for labour force in the social protection sector. persons with disabilities, effectiveness and resilience of healthcare systems and long-term care services Demographic changes and urbanization call for contin ous efforts in PO4 [tekst 30.06 (ii) improving reorganizing the school network and improving access to inclusive and equal access to seisuga] quality education. The high priority investment needs in infrastructure inclusive and and innovation management should promote cooperation between quality services educational institution and decrease regional disparities in access to in education, quality and inclusive education. training and lifelong learning The number of students subject to compulsory school attendance will through drop by 4% within the next 10 years (increasing trend only in Tallinn, developing Harju County, and part of Tartu County, in other counties 5% - 25% is accessible expected drop with the greatest decline occurring in Ida-Viru and Valga infrastructure, County). In a long-term perspective, the decline will most likely become including by even more significant in most counties and in combination with aging fostering education workforce pose a challenge to sustainable provision of quality resilience for and inclusive education in regions with decreasing and aging distance and on- population. In Russian-speaking regions and low-density areas line education students’ results are poorer, irrespective of the student’s socio- and training economic background. There are also regional gaps in transition rates from basic education to upper secondary as well as in upper secondary education acquisition success rates and the need to improve the labour market relevance of education and training. Cooperation of different types of education (formal, nonformal, informal) and cross-usage of resources and the service infrastructure are not optimal. Cohesion of the studying environment as a combination of physical space, study opportunities outside of the formal studies system, and virtual studying environments is insufficient – investments made in technologies, digital space and in accessibility of youth work, incl. hobby education, might remain unrealized to its fullest. Study Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 environments oftentimes do not support achievement of education policy related objectives, e.g. introduction of the collaborative approach to learning and teaching with clear focus on key competencies, more focus on skills and competences required on the labour market etcTo promote inclusive education for students with special needs, physical space related programs must be continued, accessibility of school facilities must be improved, relevant fittings, equipment, and teaching and learning aids must be obtained. A key success factor at the level of the local municipalities´ administrations and educational institutions is efficient innovation and quality management that establishes the framework for change management and improvements of the study process to prevent and tackle the low achievment at local and school level. A flexible and effective positive intervention and innovation management model needs to be developed, considering a specific school’s peculiarities and which by way of situation analysis, supportive leadership, expert advice, and collaborative quality management efforts would help set up a sustainably functioning educational process, especially in schools experiencing difficulties or that are recently established. By 2040 the share of elderly and people with disabilities are expected to PO4 [tekst 30.06 (iii) promoting increase from 19,8% to 25,6% and from 11,9% to 17%. Appx 1/3 of the seisuga] people over 65 report that their everyday activities are limited due to socioeconomic health problems and they need help in daily activities and self-care. At inclusion of the same time, 8 000 people were excluded from the labor market due marginalised to care burden. Provision of good quality and affordable social services communities, has improved but disparities between local governments have remained low income and although steps are being taken to build stronger bridge between households and social and healthcare systems, smooth integration still remains a disadvantaged challenge which can’t be solved solely by improving the service groups provision model, it is also necessary to invest in the infrastructure. including people with Development of social system is built on the principle of special needs, deinstitutionalisation (DI). There are currently 80,000 long-term care through receivers but the actual need is estimated at least 132,000. It is integrated necessary to invest in community-based service units, service houses, actions day care and general care places and continue with the adaptation of including homes to enable home-based service provision. The care sector must housing and also keep pace with technological and digital developments, increase its social services innovation capacity and support the uptake of technology. Investments are also needed in healthcare, especially in smaller counties and remote areas. Infrastructure of large hospitals in small counties is dysfunctional for the purpose of integrated care and inefficient in terms of the use of resources. For the successful implementation of the LTC reform and for the support of the integration of the health and social sector, it is important to invest to the infrastructure. These investments must base on the principle of DI and fully support people's independent living and coping. Transition from institutional based care to cooperation, coordination, and integration between the health and social care sectors in an integrated way is necessary to ensure the sustainability of social protection and health care systems and to provide comprehensive assistance to people. PO4 [tekst 30.06 (xi) addressing Despite improvements, poverty, social exclusion and income inequality material are high in Estonia. In 2018, 21.7% of Estonian population lived at risk seisuga] deprivation of poverty and 2.4% in absolute poverty. through food The at-the-risk-of-poverty decreased for single person households, i.e. and/or basic people living alone, as well as among single parents. material assistance to Social transfers, i.e. state benefits and pensions, helped to prevent falling the most into poverty. Without including these in income, 39.1% of the Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 deprived, population would have been at risk of poverty and 22.7% in absolute including poverty. children, and The risk of poverty rate remained at the level of 20.9% among young providing people aged 16–24. Among children under 18, the at-risk-of-poverty accompanying rate increased by 1,9 percentage points to 17.1% in 2018. At the same measures time, the absolute poverty rate of children fell from 2.5% in 2017 to supporting their 1.6% in 2018. There has been a decrease in the share of older people social inclusion living at risk of poverty – the rate among persons aged 65 and older fell from 46.4% in 2017 to 43.1% in 2018. In 2019, 7.6% of the population in Estonia lived in deprivation. The deprivation rate was the highest among the elderly (at least 65 years old) (10.4%) and the lowest in the 18–24 year-old age group (5.3%). Development of urban areas has significant role in national economic PO5 [tekst 29.03. (i) fostering the development, it is also a priority target area highlighted by EC, which integrated seisuga] requires allocation of at least 8% of funding of ERDF. Larger urban areas social, economic are facing several problems arising from uneven growth such as and unwanted environmental impact incidental to urban sprawl, irrational environmental land use, inadequate technical and service infrastructure, traffic volume local and air pollution caused by increased commuting, reduced biodiversity, development uneven quality of public urban space, etc. and cultural heritage, Interventions chosen for the urban area reflect the challenges and goals tourism and described in regional and local development plans, as the quality of local security in living environment horizontally remains crucial for urban areas. urban areas Increasingly important common challenge for urban areas consists in environmental and climate questions. Additionally, each urban area faces other specific problems – e.g. intensified use of cars in Tallinn, low attractiveness of living environment in Ida-Viru county urban areas, large share of underutilized urban areas, housing stock that fails to meet current needs. Interventions planned under PO5 are additional to efforts made by other POs, most importantly by PO2 that focuses on sustainable urban transport development and climate change issues in urban areas. There is an increasing potential to address these challenges in developing smart and innovative solutions designed for the urban areas, the implementation of which is still limited in Estonia. The common target of the activities planned under PO2 and PO5 in urban areas is to improve the quality of living environment in urban areas by increasing the competitiveness of cities and reducing CO2 emissions. At least 8% of ERDF resources to sustainable urban development will be targeted in PO2 (SO viii) and PO5 (SO i) and implemented in the form of “other territorial tool”. The Country Report Estonia 2020 emphasizes many of the challenges of PO5 [tekst 29.03. (ii) fostering the regional development in Estonia that are also addressed by the planned integrated seisuga] intervention under PO5: social, economic and  The gap in social and economic performance between the environmental capital region and the rest of the country has increased. local  Disparities in terms of GDP per capita are also reflected in the development regional differences observed in labour productivity. GDP in and cultural 2018 was close to the EU average in the capital region of Põhja- heritage, Eesti (at 97 % of the EU average), while ranging between 52% tourism and and 59% of the EU average in the remaining NUTS3 regions. security in areas  Current public support for innovation activities has not met other than regional or business needs, calling for strengthening the urban areas support to regions lagging behind.  The number of people moving to the capital region from the rest of the country has slowed down, but the number of daily Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 commuters has increased. There is an intense internal mobility towards other larger urban and functional urban areas. Apart from two urban areas, the population is decreasing everywhere in Estonia. This poses challenges not only on economic catching-up but also on local level service provision, maintaining strong communities, attractive living environment and overall use of the space. The current service delivery model as well as necessary infrastructure has been developed for larger number of residents than population forecasts foresee, demographic processes also change the demand structure for local level services. When residents leave, services also disappear and buildings become empty, entrepreneurship and therefore work opportunities also decrease. The need to adjust successfully to the population changes is also described as one of the development needs in the long-term strategy Estonia 2035. As in PO5 the project selection is initiated by regions and projects planned are based on integrated regional strategies, local authorities’ capacity to develop sound regional strategies and to assess and select projects needs to be supported and strengthened. JTF [tekst 21.04 Enabling In 2019 Estonia commited to the common goal of reaching a climate- regions and neutral Europe by 2050, and in 2020 – to the European Commission’s seisuga] people to 2030 Climate Target Plan which proposes to cut greenhouse gas address the emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and sets Europe on a responsible social, path to becoming climate neutral by 2050. employment, In December 2019, Estonia communicated to the European Commission economic and its “National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP 2030)”, that sets the environmental objectives of reducing GHG emissions and primary energy consumption impacts of the and increasingthe share of renewable energy while maintaining the transition security of supply. towards the Union’s 2030 The transition to climate neutrality will have – and is already having – target for the largest impact specifically on the Ida-Viru region of Estonia. climate and a The oil shale sector in Estonia is highly concentrated in the eastern-most climate-neutral region of Ida-Virumaa (or Ida-Viru county), resulting in the fact that oil economy by shale related companies located in the region account for over 50% of 2050, based on Estonia’s total GHG emisions. The oil shale sector has been strategically the Paris important for the Estonian economy since the 1920’s and has Agreement substantially influenced the socio-economic and environmental conditions of Ida-Viru county, where it is highly concentrated. Employees in the oil shale sector make up 13% of all employees in the region, but labor taxes paid for them account for 1/4 of the region's labor taxes. The oil shale sector is characterized by a significantly higher average salary than the county and the Estonian average. Companies in the oil shale sector are the cornerstone of Ida-Viru region’s economy, both in terms of their turnover and high impact on companies dependent on these companies. In order to abandon electricity production from oil shale, targeted support for the mitigation of the socio-economic and environmental impacts of reduced electricity production from oil shale is needed during the transition period. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2. PRIORITIES 2.1 Priorities other than technical assistance 2.1.1. A SMARTER ESTONIA [KOGU PEATÜKI TEKST 2.04 SEISUGA] This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (xi) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation * This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (x) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 2(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 2(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation 2.1.1.1. Specific objective: (i) enhancing research and innovation capacities and the uptake of advanced technologies 2.1.1.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] The overall intervention logic follows a systematic approach based on the CR Annex D, country-specific recommendations of the European Semester investment guidelines and international peer review of the Estonian RD&I system. It is supporting the implementation of the new national Research, Development, Innovation and Entrepreneurship strategy for the period of 2021-2035. The interventions focus on increasing the use and effect of the RD&I results and spreading innovation further in the society in consistence with the smart specialisation areas. The intervention logic involves three directions: 1. expanding private sector’s innovation capacity and RD&I demand; 2. securing relevant and flexible RD&I supply for addressing demand driven societal and business needs; 3. bridging the RD&I demand and supply side by the knowledge transfer mechanisms, including more active role of the public sector in the knowledge transfer process. 1. Expanding private sector’s innovation capacity and RD&I demand The interventions include the support for increasing the RD&I role in the companies’ business models and by developing company management culture that promotes innovation, raising the companies’ awareness about the benefits and possibilities of RD&I activities (e.g. by counselling, consultations, study visits, shadowing, mentoring, etc.); capacity building activities and support for the staff, including attracting of (foreign) top-level specialists. An applied research and experimental development programme will be implemented based on the needs of the companies (R&D activities that can be applied in business). The interventions also involve support for investments with higher added value and based on RD&I capability (development centres, expanding the existing investments to development activities, start-ups), by offering R&D vouchers and using the potential of technology development centres; promoting and supporting companies involvement in international R&D programmes, partnerships, networks (e.g. network of DIH centres and EDIH network), organisations (e.g. CERN, ESA, EUROSTARS, etc.) and value chains in strategic common interest; support for scaling the technologies developed in Estonia (including the uptake of near-market solutions for green technologies and innovation allowing to follow the European Green Deal and transfer to a low carbon and circular economy) to international markets and endorsement of investments that support companies in the transferring process. Also, activities strengthening Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 the role of the state as the active user of R&D activities and forerunner of innovation demand will be supported, including innovative public procurements, public sector-driven developmental activities for companies, design of public services, partnership between public and private sector, demo projects and the infrastructure and information technological solutions necessary for all this. 2. Securing relevant and flexible RD&I supply for addressing demand driven societal and business needs 2.1. Supporting the developement of research-based services and institutional knowledge transfer capacity, including commerzialisation capacities of R&D and higher education institutions (ASTRA+) The interventions involve a complex and flexible ‘work package’ for the R&D and higher education institutions to increase their capacity and skills to engage in business-univeristy cooperation and to improve the accessibility to research results. The interventions will support the development and implementation of ‘entrepreneurial’ model for the institutions, including the development of research-based services, the increase of competences of the academic and administrative staff in the area of knowledge transfer processes, including the commerzialisation of research results (i.e. study trips, traineeships at the top level research commerzialisation institutions and RTOs of the top international universities), the development of efficient research and knowledge transfer management system and services, institutional changes to enhance cooperation with businesses (e.g. open and flexible academic career model to support researchers’ movement between the sectors) and joint activities between the R&D and higher education institutions (e.g. joint development of services for the business sector), etc. The interventions will also inlvolve the development of userfriendly formats to improve acces to the research results and data to potential users following the principles of Open Science. This complementary support to increasing the visibility and availability of research data and research results for the business sector and other potential users will further increase the impact and unveil the full potential of knowledge transfer activities at the R&D and higher education institutions. Activities include the development of national repositories and Open Science systems and linking them with European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) as well as the development of user portal of the research information system ETIS to increase the visibility and access to the research activities and outputs. 2.2. Implementing thematical R&D programmes to promote the co-creation and cooperation of the academic, private and public sector within smart specialisation areas The activities focus on building critical mass of the researchers and research capacity within the smart specialisation areas where clear economic or social potential has been identified, but where the capacity to address specific research topics and providing market-oriented research solutions are not sufficient to satisfy the entrepreneurial demand. R&D activities, national and international cooperation (including participation in EU partnerships), preparing (future) RD&I specialists/young researchers and developers, who could take up RD activities in companies, attracting top-level researchers, the commercialisation and communication of research results and other activities necessary for the development of the focus areas will be supported within these programmes. Entrepreneurial discovery process and co-creation are the strong basis of these programmes. 2.3. Offering top-level knowledge and research infrastructure services for the benefit of demand driven needs of society and businesses The focus of interventions will shift from the top-level research capacity building towards promoting collaboration and service provision to business and public sector. The interventions involve two important directions for the action: 1) making the research output and activities of the research centres of excellence available and usable for addressing demand driven needs of the private and public sector in Estonia and 2) opening the research infrastructure for private and public use outside of the academia. The interventions are designed to deliver significant economic and societal impact via linking frontier research with needs of business sector and society in consistence with smart specialisation activities. The supported activities include transfer of knowledge and technology through licences, expertise and know-how to companies, preparing new generation of (future) R&D specialists oriented towards business sector, research activities based on business sector needs and potential, engaging businesses and civil society in interactive RD&I processes to enforce informed exploitation of research outputs, etc. The interventions regarding the research infrastructure involve support for developing market-relevant R&D services for the private and public sector based on the existing infrastructure. 3. Bridging the RD&I demand and supply side by the knowledge transfer mechanisms, including more active role of the public sector in the knowledge transfer process 3.1. Building the ‘knowledge networks’ and business-academia links through the movement of employees between the academic, private and public sector The interventions involve supporting movement of different types of employees between the academia, private and public sector, including support for short- and longer-term mobility of researchers and other RD&I experts, for implementation of entrepreneurial PhD programmes (involving PhD students in the business sector), Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 promoting entrepreneurial professorships, cooperation and networking platforms and match-making activities, etc. 3.2. Support for the internationalisation of R&D: connecting to the international knowledge market The interventions involve support for research institutions and enterprises to participate in international R&D networks to be linked with the state of the art research and technology in the field and to be able to offer high- level expertise in solving R&D tasks. The activities include supporting participation in EU programmes, partnerships, teaming and projects, incl. European Horizon, supporting necessary preparations for international research projects and establishing consortia; support for the international research marketing activities, research mobility, attracting top-level (future) researchers and specialists to Estonia, support for ERA chairs, Seal of Excellence projects, etc. 3.3. Strengthening the RD&I absorption capacity in the society and building RD&I-favourable policy environment The interventions help to set up the favourable conditions and public demand for RD&I and encourage cooperation and coordination of RD&I activities in the public sector, e.g. strategic cross-sectoral and interdisciplinary applied research projects, activities related to fernance system, developing the network of the RD&I advisors at the ministries and the private sector’s associations, etc. 3.4. Support for initiation and implementation of RD&I projects and initiatives to meet the societal challenges The intervention involves funding for R&D based innovation projects (including relevant studies and analyses) as well as development of tools and methods which would increase the demand for R&D&I. These activities will lead public, private and academic sector to experiment new solutions for jointly defined challenges and needs. Researchers and companies are offered an opportunity to test their ideas and solutions in practice and develop prototypes. In this way solutions to societal challenges could be turned into competitive advantage, e.g., companies could later develop new products and serviced based on these experiences and scale these up in export markets. To facilitate initiation and implementation of the described R&D&I projects, relevant tools and methods will be developed, e.g., guidelines and concepts, pretested instruments, case-studies. Also, interministerial task forces (and innovation units) as an instrument for better cooperation and co-creation will be introduced and supported. Knowledge sharing events will be used to familiarize participants with these instruments and practices. The main target groups [1 000 characters] Both, new and existing companies, that are interested in developing knowledge and technology intensive business models; who already are active in RDI activities, but need additional resources and knowledge to reach the aims; who are currently not yet working on improving their economic results with the help of applied research and experimental development; who have the potential to increase the volume of RDI activities carried out for their business purpose; exporting companies with ambition and capability to rise in the global value chains; energy- intensive industries who contribute considerably into reaching the aim of climate neutrality. R&D institutions, higher education institutions, researchers, research teams, PhD students/young researchers, academic and supportive staff, knowledge transfer units at the R&D and higher education institutions, businesses and private sector’s associations, ministries and other public sector bodies involved in RDI (f.e local government, municipalites), centres of excellence, owners of the research infrastructures, NGO-s, central and local government institutions. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2 000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination will be taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. The actions will involve the following: requirements and conditions for the applicants will ensure non-discriminative access, gender balance will be taken into account in composition of the committees and selection bodies, non-discriminative principles and procedures for evaluation and selection will be established. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2 000 characters] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Across Estonia The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2 000 characters] The interregional and transnational actions will be mainly covered by two interventions: - Implementing thematical R&D programmes to promote the co-creation and cooperation of the academic, private and public sector within smart specialisation areas, where among other activities international networking and involvement in projects, programmes and partnership (including EU partnerships) necessary for the development of the focus areas are supported. - Support for the internationalisation of R&D: connecting to the international knowledge market is fully dedicated to international cooperation activities, including participation in international RD&I networks, partnerships, EIT KIC-s, joint programmes, European Horizon 2020, support for Seal of Excellence projects, ERA chairs, etc. However, the element of international cooperation activities is also involved in other interventions, e.g. - Supporting the increase of the research impact and institutional knowledge transfer capacity of R&D and higher education institutions (ASTRA+), where among other activities involvement in international knowledge transfer and cooperation networks, study visits and gaining professional experience at top-level knowledge transfer centres abroad, etc is supported. - Offering top-level knowledge and research infrastructure services for the benefit of demand driven needs of society and businesses, where among other activities involvement in international (innovation and knowledge transfer) networks and activities is supported. The planned use of financial instruments [1 000 characters] n/a 2.1.1.1.2 Indicators Table 2: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 1 (i) ERDF Transition RCO01 Enterprises enterprises supported (of which: micro, small, medium, large) 1 (i) ERDF Transition RCO02 Enterprises enterprises supported by grants 1 (i) ERDF Transition RCO04 Enterprises enterprises with non- financial support 1 (i) ERDF Transition RCO07 Research research institutions institutions participating in joint research projects 1 (i) ERDF Transition RCO10 Enterprises enterprises cooperating with research institutions Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 1 (i) ERDF Transition PSO01 Number of clients external clients using services of Centres of Excellence or research infrastructures 1 (i) ERDF Transition PSO02 Number of entities entities participating in mobility schemes 1 (i) ERDF Transition PSO03 Number of researchers researchers participating in international mobility schemes 1 (i) ERDF Transition PSO04 Number of institutions institutions participating in Horizon Europe 1 (i) ERDF PSO05 Number of innovation supported projects innovation projects Table 3: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Cat ID [5] Indicator [255] Meas Base Re Tar Sour Commen orit fic ego ure line fer get ce of ts [200] y objec ry ment or en (20 data tive of unit refer ce 29) [200 regi ence ye ] on valu ar e 1 (i) ERDF Tra PSR01 Volume of R&D euro nsiti contracts of on enterprises involved in the supported cooperation projects 1 (i) ERDF Tra PSR02 Revenue from R&D euro nsiti services offered by on Centres of Excellence and research infrastructure 1 (i) ERDF Tra PSR03 Estonia’s success in euro nsiti Horizon Europe: on volume of contracts 1 (i) ERDF Tra PSR04 R&D investments of euro nsiti public entities on involved in the supported projects Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 1 (i) ERDF Tra RCR02 Private investments euro nsiti matching public on support (of which: grants, financial instruments) 1 (i) ERDF Tra RCR03 Small and medium- enter nsiti size enterprises prises on (SMEs) introducing product or process innovation 1 (i) ERDF Tra RCR05 SMEs innovating in- enter nsiti house prises on 1 (i) ERDF Tra RCR08 Publications from publi nsiti supported projects catio on ns 1 (i) ERDF Tra RCR25 SMEs with higher enter nsiti value added per prise on employee s 1 (i) ERDF Tra RCR10 Research jobs annu nsiti 2 created in al on supported entities FTEs 2.1.1.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 4: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 1 ERDF Transition i 1 ERDF Transition i Table 5: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 1 ERDF Transition i 1 ERDF Transition i Table 6: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 7: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 8: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2.1.1.2 Specific objective: (ii) reaping the benefits of digitisation for citizens, companies and governments 2.1.1.2.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Interventions’ focus will be on deepening the digital transformation of Estonian public sector, by investing into adoption of solutions that are innovative for Estonia, the particular domain or organisation with the following aims (stemming from challenges highlighted above):  Comprehensive digital transformation and reform programmes in policy making, public service and administration domains, especially in areas where digital maturity or „business model“ transformation has been lower so far (e.g. digitisation of justice life-cycle, digital health, integrated social services, digital cultural heritage, etc);  Increasing the availability, safety and user-friendliness of public services and reducing relevant administrative burden on citizens and especially companies, at all levels of government;  Increasing the data-driven policy-making and service delivery capacity within government, including the use of data science (incl. big data), improvements of data quality and open data availability;  Encouraging experimentation and scaling of novel solutions and emerging technologies (starting with AI), including by boosting applied research and development activity and capacity on digital government and cybersecurity areas, and enhancing innovation collaborations with private sector;  Taking the digital government infrastructure and core services of digital government to a next level (including development of platform solutions, cloud uptake, etc), including development of shared cybersecurity capabilities;  Taking digital governance maturity to the next level, including development of relevant competences of public sector staff, coordination mechanisms and collaboration across the public sector;  Raising digital capacity of local municipalities and NGOs, with special focus on transforming their service delivery and enhancing cybersecurity. The following types actions will be undertaken across these interventions: 1) Development and uptake of digital solutions and innovations in the public sector, both through financial support as well as other support activities (including thematic applied R&D); 2) Development and uptake of next-generation digital infrastructure and core services that underpin public sector digital solutions; 3) Building cybersecurity capacity, both through investments as well as soft measures; 4) Developing competencies, collaboration and coordination on digital governance, cybersecurity and service development; 5) Stimulating the reform of municipal-level digitisation and uptake of digital solutions in NGOs. The interventions will support the directions laid out and commitments made in 2017 Tallinn (Ministerial) Declaration on E-Government, supporting also cross-border service delivery and strengthening of relevant interoperability and, where relevant, the uptake or customization of European common digital infrastructures. As a result of the above-mentioned interventions the quality of public (digital) services increases: user satisfaction increases, the cost-effectiveness of service processes improves, the duration of processes becomes shorter, users save more time on services and the public sector provides (digital) services more efficiently. Also the security of public (digital) services is enhanced – no major cyber risk materializes and incidents occur less frequently. The main target groups [1000 characters] All public service providers, partly private sector (if creating free solutions for public sector use), Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications (aka Government CIO Office) and its subunits, other local and public authorities, subjects to the Cyber Security Act – service providers. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2000 characters] Entire Estonia (there is no region-specific approach planned, as in the country with size of Estonia, it is not practical nor necessary when it comes to digital government solutions). The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 characters] When and where deemed relevant towards intervention logics outlined above, interventions may include support to targeted interregional and transnational actions (e.g. development of digital solutions to reduce administrative burdens in cross-border business). The planned use of financial instruments [1000 characters] n/a 2.1.1.2.2 Indicators Table 9: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 1 (ii) ERDF Transition RCO14 Public public institutions institutions supported to develop digital services, products and processes Table 10: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Cat ID [5] Indicator [255] Meas Base Re Tar Sour Comm orit fic ego ure line fer get ce of ents y objec ry ment or en (20 data [200] tive of unit refer ce 29) [200 regi ence ye ] on valu ar e 1 (ii) ERDF Tra RCR11 Users of new and annu nsiti upgraded public al on digital services, users products and processes Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2.1.1.2.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 11: Dimension 1 – intervention field Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) Priority No region objective 1 ERDF Transition ii 1 ERDF Transition ii Table 12: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 1 ERDF Transition ii 1 ERDF Transition ii Table 13: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 14: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 15: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.1.3. Specific objective: (iii) enhancing growth and competitiveness of SMEs, including by productive investments 2.1.1.3.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] The interventions focus on promoting entrepreneurship and the creation and growth of knowledge-intensive business, the creation and export of higher value-added products and services, and investments in all regions of Estonia. Interventions will contribute to smart specialisation areas (ICT, health health technologies and services; transformation of resources; smart and sustainable energy solutions). The intervention logic involves three directions: 1. Support to grow entrepreneurship, starting a business, develop the start-up ecosystem and developing the necessary business support system and networks in different regions of Estonia. 2. Increasing SME competitiveness and the capacity to create higher added value and export Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 3. Improving access to finance (capital) for SMEs including in regions The interventions include the support for entrepreneurship and starting a business. Support will be given for the implementation of new business models, including the principles of circular economy and responsible entrepreneurship; support services to encourage technological innovation, the use of best available technologies, better management, and generational change. Uptake of digital commerce (e-commerce, platform economy, sharing economy) in order to improve the competitiveness of Estonian micro, small and medium- sized enterprises and the development and implementation of the real-time economy will be supported. The application of automation, including digitalisation, standardisation, AI and robotics technologies, should be increased in businesses. The intervention will also support increased competitiveness of the start-up ecosystem and more research and development intensive start-ups. The goal is to make Estonia more attractive for the establishment of growth companies with a global reach. Establishment of an environment suitable for the development of technology companies will be fostered as a public-private partnership, based on current challenges faced by the start-up ecosystem and global developments in this field. The competitiveness of start- ups for retaining and developing talent in the long term and fostering diversity (gender and age diversity, inclusion of persons with various educational backgrounds) will be increased. Flexible and sustainable financing instruments will be created for start-ups active in research and development intensive areas and scale-ups. Furthermore, capital will be provided for existing successful Estonian-established, venture capital funds in all growth phases (including follow-on investment for early-phase start-ups) and also to new venture capital funds that invest into other emerging ares, for example start-ups that are more research and development intensive (green technologies etc). The actions for increasing SME competitiveness and the capacity to create higher added value and export include supporting the growth of exports of RD & I-intensive products and technologies improving their placement in global value chains. We invest in developing value-chain-based cooperation models and create means for efficient transfer of knowledge and technology from research institutions to businesses. Support will be provided via, inter alia, incubation and acceleration programs, trainings, master classes, mentoring and development programs, consultations and fostering the development of international and intersectoral cooperation. Support the involvement of technology- and development-intensive investments, in particular in smart specialition areas. Furthermore, support will be provided for services necessary for increasing innovation capability of SMEs. In addition SME cooperation will be faciltitated and supported by existing cluster initiatives and new network activities. Support for the growth and expansion of companies in existing and new export markets, including through finding the necessary contacts, a network of foreign representatives, participation in trade fairs, consulting, targeted services based on target markets and promoting business cooperation and joint activities. Businesses' capability for market analysis, market signal detection, developing market-directed products and services and marketing products and services, will be increased. Businesses' capability for integrated sales and marketing management when entering international markets will be increased, e.g. via seminars, training, and growth and development programmes. Increasing the international visibility of Estonian companies, including through business diplomacy and targeted promotion and marketing will be addressed. Regional gap in competitivess of enterprises in Estonia remains large. Regional differences are prominent in the added value, in exports, in the ability to implement research and development, and in entrepreneurial activity. In South-East Estonia, additional support will be provided for SME productive investments to speed the uptake of new technologies and to increase the value added per employee. However, support for improving access to finance (capital) for SMEs will include activities to create a competitive and flexible investment environment in all regions of Estonia, including by ensuring suitable financing opportunities. The main target groups [1000 characters] Ambitious and growth-savvy SME-s (including SMEs in South-East Estonia) in various sectors, including creative economy and tourism; start-ups, including technology-intensive businesses, and new and established regional businesses. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2000 characters] Entire Estonia, South-East Estonia The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 characters] The Nordics and the Baltics are developing real-time economy action plans and projects for upcoming periods in parallel with Estonia. Therefore it is crucial for Estonia to actively cooperate and agree with the Baltics and the Nordics to synchronise their actions towards developing common standards and economic transaction data semantics. Cooperation with these countries will help Estonian businesses execute cross-border transactions easier and more efficiently, with support functions operating largely automatically with no excessive intervention, similarly to what is planned domestically. The planned use of financial instruments [1000 characters] Financial instruments in the form of loans and guarantees will be implemented. 2.1.1.3.2 Indicators Table 16: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO01 Enterprises enterprises supported (of which: micro, small, medium, large) 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO02 Enterprises enterprises supported by grants 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO03 Enterprises enterprises supported by financial instruments 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO04 Enterprises enterprises with non- financial support 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO05 New enterprises enterprises supported 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO15 Capacity of enterprises incubation created 1 (iii) ERDF Transition RCO103 High enterprises growth enterprises supported Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 17: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Cat ID [5] Indicator [255] Meas Base Re Tar Sour Comm orit fic ego ure line fer get ce of ents y objec ry ment or en (20 data [200] tive of unit refer ce 29) [200 regi ence ye ] on valu ar e 1 (iii) ERDF Tra RCR12 Users of new and annu nisit upgraded digital al ion services, products users and processes developed by enterprises 1 (iii) ERDF Tra RCR13 Enterprises enter nisit reaching high digital prises ion intensity 1 (iii) ERDF Tra RCR17 New enterprises enter nisit surviving in the prises ion market 1 (iii) ERDF Tra RCR18 SMEs using enter nisit incubator services prises ion after incubator creation 1 (iii) ERDF Tra RCR19 Enterprises with enter nisit higher turnover prises ion 1 (iii) ERDF Tra RCR25 SMEs with higher enter nisit value added per prises ion employee 2.1.1.3.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 18: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 1 ERDF Transition iii 1 ERDF Transition iii Table 19: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 1 ERDF Transition iii 1 ERDF Transition iii Table 20: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 21: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 22: Dimension 7 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.2. ENHANCING DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY [KOGU PEATÜKI TEKST 2.04 SEISUGA] This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (xi) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation * This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (x) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 2(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 2(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation 2.1.2.1 Specific objective: (v) enhancing digital connectivity 2.1.2.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 char] The support for the construction of a very high capacity access network shall be granted in those sparsely populated areas, where companies are not able or willing to invest themselves, including territories in North- East and South-East. Estonia has invested in building 7000 km of backhaul networks in sparsely populated areas, which is a prerequisite for building very high capacity access networks. However, there are about 65,000 addresses in the "white" market failure areas. The detailed mapping of addresses or "white" areas will be done before granting support (2021-2022). Priority will be given to territories, which are lagging behind the most and expect demand growth, in order to ensure efficiency and take-up of broadband. Support for the development of the necessary infrastructure for 5G coverage will be provided in major transport corridors and in residential and business areas. The widespread deployment of 5G networks requires significant investments by private sector, not only in the terms of 5G-specific infrastructure, but also in the terms of increasing the coverage of the backhaul network and base stations. In order to unlock the potential of 5G technology, it is important that the service is available not only as a pilot project but also in a larger scale where commercial investments are not profitable. The 7,000 km backhaul network provides a good opportunity to invest in 5G infrastructure and services. 5G corridors and areas of market failure will be determined before the granting of state support (2022-2023). Investments contribute to closing the digital divide between urban and sparsely populated areas and create possibilities for businesses and people to develop and use new services. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 The main target groups [1000 char] The main target group is the potential end-user of high-speed broadband and 5G service - private households (residents), a business or a public sector organization that does not have access to next-generation broadband and 5G networks or is in a low-connectivity area. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 char] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Interventions are being prepared in cooperation with private market service providers and local governments. Areas of market failure will be determined in interventions prior to granting support – priority will be given to territories lagging behind to reduce regional disparities. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2000 characters] Entire country, but more focus on lagging behind territories like South-East Estonia and North-East. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned ues of territorial tools [2000 char] Entire country, but more focus on lagging behind territories like South-East Estonia and North-East. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 char] 5G crossborder corridors with Latvia and Lithuania The planned use of financial instruments [1000 char] n/a 2.1.2.1.2 Indicators Table 23: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 1 (v) ERDF Transition RCO41 Additional dwellings dwellings with broadband access to very high capacity broadband network 1 (v) ERDF Transition RCO42 Additional enterprises enterprises with access to very high capacity broadband network 1 (v) ERDF Transition PSO06 Base base stations stations for 5G Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 24: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Cat ID [5] Indicator [255] Meas Base Re Tar Sour Comm orit fic ego ure line fer get ce of ents y objec ry ment or en (20 data [200] tive of unit refer ce 29) [200 regi ence ye ] on valu ar e 1 (v) ERDF Tra RCR53 Dwellings with dwell nsiti broadband ings on subscriptions to a very high capacity network 1 (v) ERDF Tra RCR54 Enterprises with Enter nsiti broadband prise on subscriptions to a s very high capacity network 1 (v) ERDF Tra PSR05 Transport corridors lengt nsiti with 5G coverage h of on trans port corri dors with unint errup ted 5G cover age 2.1.2.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 25: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition v 2 ERDF Transition v Table 26: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition v 2 ERDF Transition v Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 27: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 28: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 29: Dimension 6 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.3. A GREENER ESTONIA [KOGU PEATÜKI TEKST 2.07 SEISUGA] This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (xi) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (x) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 2(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 2(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation 2.1.3.1. Specific objective: (i) promoting energy efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions 2.1.3.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Renovation support through grants and financial instruments has an immediate positive impact on inhabitants. Deep renovation in housing means that energy consumption of the building will drastically lower and living conditions will improve through better indoor climate and overall housing quality, for example accessibility. Renovation has also an important impact in rural areas where market failure is common because supporting schemes for renovation help to create a competitive quality housing that is comparable to the urban areas in Estonia, thus narrowing divide between the regions. 1. Grant for renovation of the apartment buildings In Estonia, 70% of population lives in apartment buildings. If the renovation of apartment buildings fails to pick up speed, there will be approximately 200,000 residents living in dwellings that have reached the end of their life expectancy in 2030. The measure will be implemented in all regions, but grants will be differentiated so that Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 higher amounts of grant will go to the areas with lower real estate prices (market failure areas). Statistics regarding renovation grant scheme show few applications from Ida-Viru county, Valga county and other peripheral regions. Renovation of apartment buildings is stimulated through grants and loans, thus allowing to reach targets regarding improvement of energy efficiency of housing stock and indoor climate. Loans will be provided in circumstances when credit institutions do not offer loans to apartment associations or provide loans under conditions unreasonable in comparison with market average. Loan facility is beneficial for peripheral regions where average real estate transaction prices are low and creditors consider risks too high. More detailed terms and conditions, including housing investment fund for loans, are under development. 2. Grant for phase-based renovation of the apartment buildings in peripheral regions By the year 2030, Estonia will have approximately 1,000 problematic, partially populated apartment buildings. Partially populated apartment buildings (the associations) are not capable of maintaining the building due to cost breakdown. In peripheral areas, it is necessary to implement asupport measure that divides deep renovation into smaller working packages targeting energy savings and facilitating phase-based renovation of buildings to prevent their further degradation. Building renovation passport would support the consistency of the renovation of the apartment building and positive experience is a prerequisite for the complete deep renovation and ensures the safety of housing stock.Transition to more sustainable energy consumption upon production and distribution of heat through boiler units and renovation of heat pipeline represent an important measure for increasing energy efficiency and the uptake of renewables. It also contributes to reducing air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions in energy sector. That allows reducing air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions and improve ambient air quality in the cities and reduce its impact on human health. The renovation measures will support better living standards in old apartment buildings based on today ’s quality criterias – lower energy costs, improved indoor climate, better accessibility, avoidance of further deterioration of the apartment buildings. Renovation measures will provide dwellings with better quality which will also grant better access to workforce for local businesses due to the positive influence on the attractiveness of local living environment. Reduction of carbon emissions in transport sector contributes directly to alleviation of climate change, improves the quality of urban air and has positive effect on public health. That requires facilitation of transition to more sustainable energy consumption (renewable energy) in public transport by supporting the introduction of CNG- powered buses and construction of CNG filling stations. Public regular service procurement period is ending in for instance Valga, Võru, Põlva, Järva, Jõgeva and Rapla county. Estimated total is 260 buses. All these buses could use renewable fuel – biomethane. Introduction of around 260 CNG-powered buses means additional biomethane consumption of 55 GWh. Such consumption is expected to demand production of corresponding amount of biomethane. Up to 10 additional CNG filling stations should be established to provide these buses with biomethane. As for local heat supply sector, it is important to promote new technologies and, where possible, support connecting private houses to district heating network and replace existing household heating stoves with new renewable ones which meet the stricter emission limit. Development of such measure would contribute directly to reduction of air pollution in cities and it should be first implemented in areas, where air quality limit and/or target values are exceeded. Main tool for checking the efficiency of measures implemented for reducing emissions of air pollutants and general environmental policy is air quality assessment. It is crucial to assess the impact of such substances both to ecosystem and human health. Integrated assessment allows to provide the society with clear reasoning of the relevance of implemented measures. For that purpose, exposure to air pollutants will be linked to personal health risks. Greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from private sector are directly linked to personal choices of each individual and households. This allows influencing the behavior of population (e.g. altering their heating habits), which leads to reduced emissions from heating private houses and improved energy efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas emission. Supported areas: 1) transition to more sustainable energy consumption (energy efficiency, renewable energy) upon production and distribution of heat through renovation of boiler units and heat pipeline. Support is given to only non-fossil investments; 2) transition to more sustainable energy consumption (renewable energy) in public transport by introduction of CNG-powered buses and supporting construction of CNG filling stations. Support is granted to projects in rural areas (e.g Valga, Võru, Rapla) that involve introduction of buses that run on biomethane; Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 3) replacement of outdated solid fuel heaters with heaters complying with environmental requirements in densely populated areas and connection to district heating network. Support is given to only non-fossil investments; 4) development of air quality and greenhouse gas monitoring network and improved distribution of monitoring data for assessment of efficiency of measures implemented and informing the population; 5) creation of location-based health risk assessment system and making the population aware of health risks caused by air quality. Interventions help to reach the targets of renovation volumes set for 2050. Residents will have reduced energy consumption and expenditure, leading to overall positive effect on Estonian economy. Fossil fuel boiler units are renovated into boiler units powered by renewable fuels to the extent of max 21 MW, district heating pipeline is renovated to the extent of max 55 km. Transition from using fossil fuels for district heating to using renewables and replacing old district heating pipes with new energy efficient ones helps to futureproof the district heating systems, making them more resilient to the coming changes (increase of fossil fuel prices, risks stemming from climate change (e.g. flooding, storms)). It also contributes towards attaining our energy and climate targets.Private houses in densely populated areas will be subject to replacement of outdated solid fuel heaters and support will be granted to connect to district heating network approximately of 1 850 residential buildings. Boilers should be compliant with the legal and sustainability requirements, i.e. energy efficient equipment in accordance with eco-design and energy labelling standards.. National monitoring network has been modernized and allows assessment of levels of relevant air pollutants and greenhouse gases like methane and SLCP-s (such as black carbon). Combination of measuring network and modelling system allows assessing the levels of corresponding compounds across the whole territory of Estonia with sufficient spatial resolution. Average pollutant content of ambient air in densely populated areas has decreased by up to 20%. Total emissions of air pollutants with short-term climate impact emitted to ambient air in Estonia has reduced by 10%. The number of deaths caused by exposure to pollutant content in ambient air has reduced by 20%. 3. Energy efficiency of healthcare sector infrastructure The COVID-19 crisis has brought into sharper focus on the healthcare infrastructure. The infrastructure of Estonian county hospitals is outdated. County hospitals were built in the 1950s and 1970s, in several counties even earlier (e.g. 1906, 1938, etc.). Buildings are often too large, inefficiently used and they raise fixed costs. Increasing the energy efficiency of the infrastructure of county hospitals will ensure optimal and cost-effective solutions. It also helps to achieve cost-effectiveness, save on administrative costs, improve energy efficiency and get rid of excess space which has overall impact on the suistainability of health care sector. The development of energy efficiency in county hospitals goes hand in hand with the investments necessary for the integration of the health and social spheres and the creation of county welfare centers, which are supported by ERDF funds in PO4. The main target groups [1000 characters] Apartment associations, local government units, private houses/apartment buildings in densely populated areas that use solid fuel heaters, district heating providers, integrated welfare centres, companies providing public regular service, fuel suppliers, policymakers, population exposed to pollutants in urban air, general public. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Regarding energy efficiency measures in housing sector, the focus is to provide balanced measures to housing improvement across the regions to avoid disparities including energy poverty. Due to low property cost outside urban regions, also phase-based energy efficiency measures are considered instead of deep renovation where all the necessary improvements are made at once. Because of the large share of old apartment buildings and near non-existent new housing developments in most of the regions, eligible jobs regarding energy efficiency improvements include accessibility to provide better access for all inhabitants. Accessibility is especially important because of the growing proportion of the elderly and people with special needs in the society. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Also, The National Long-term Strategy for Building Renovation included relevant stakeholders to consider related proposals that would guarantee wider benefits regarding energy efficiency – accessibility, safety, regional shrinkage. The relevant measures to boost the share of biomethane in transport and the boosting RES in district heating and cooling will be developed by including the relevant sectors (i.e. the transport and district heating companies). The measures will be publicly available for all of the market participants. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2000 characters] Entire Estonia, however, specific focus is put on ensuring a high regional/rural benefit. Since so far more than 60% of grants were distributed in Tallinn and Tartu and their neighbouring areas, during the next programming period more focus is on the regional dimension and higher percentage of grants will go to the areas with the lower real estate price. This is primarily achieved by allocating certain amount of financing to regions based on average real estate transaction prices and the amount of apartment buildings per region. Connecting residential buildings to district heating networks or renovation of solid fuel heater: densely populated areas in major cities. Supporting renovation and construction of district heating systems and boiler units (incl. investments in medium combustion plants): entire Estonia. Facilitating introduction of biomethane: rural areas currently without CNG filling stations (e.g. Valga, Põlva, Rapla). Improvement and updating the air monitoring network and air pollutants modelling system that covers entire Estonia. Investing in social nfrastructure; specifc investment objects will be chosen on the basis of regional and socio- economical profiles and priority will be given to the objects in most disadvantaged positions. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 characters] n/a The planned use of financial instruments [1000 characters] Financial instruments in housing sector energy efficiency improvements will be used to reduce regional disparities and provide means for areas where market failure is present. To implement a loan facility, an investment fund will be developed that will be provide suitable interest rates and repayment period for the renovation of housing stock. Also, synergies between financial instrument and grant will be possible. 2.1.3.1.2 Indicators Table 30: Output indicators Priorit Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator [255] Measure Mileston Target y objectiv of ment e (2024) (2029) e region unit 2 i ERDF Transitio PSO01 Dwellings with better dwellings 3 600 8 100 n technical building systems and loadbearing structures 2 i ERDF Transitio RCO18 Dwellings with improved dwellings 13 800 32 000 n energy performance Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2 i ERDF Transitio RCO22 Additional production MW 7 21 n capacity for renewable energy of which: thermal 2 i ERDF Transitio RCO20 District heating and km 15 55 n cooling network lines newly constructed or improved 2 i ERDF Transitio RCO59 Alternative fuels refuelling 3 10 n infrastructure /rechargi (recharging points) ng points 2 i ERDF Transitio PSO05 Residential buildings dwellings 230 1 850 n with improved heating system 2 i ERDF Transitio PSO06 Air quality assessment nr 4 16 n and monitoring systems 2 i CF - RCO19 Public buildings with square 0 40 000 improved energy metres performance Table 31: Result indicators Pri Specifi Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurem Baselin Refer Target Source Co orit c of region [255] ent unit e or ence (2029) of data mm y objecti referen year [200] ent ve ce s value [20 0] 2 i ERDF Transitio RCR2 Annual MWh/year 3 100 2020 2 978 n 6 primary 000 000 consumption (of which dwellings, public buildings, enterprises, other) 2 i ERDF Transitio RCR2 Estimated tons of 2 168 2018, 2 138 n 9 greenhouse CO2eq/yea 000 2020 230 gas emission r 2 i ERDF Transitio PSR0 Additional GWh 63 2019 118 n 1 biomethane used in transportatio n per year 2 i ERDF Transitio RCR5 Population persons 32 000 2020 653 Monitor n 0 benefiting 150 ing from system, measures for Populat air quality ion register 2.1.3.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 32: Dimension 1 – intervention field Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition i 041 103 700 000 2 ERDF Transition i 042 280 800 000 2 ERDF Transition i 044 16 200 000 2 ERDF Transition i 045 6 300 000 2 ERDF Transition i 049 12 000 000 2 ERDF Transition i 077 10 000 000 2 CF - i 044 30 000 000 Table 33: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition i 01 358 800 000 2 ERDF Transition i 03 70 200 000 2 CF - i 01 30 000 000 Table 34: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition i 33 402 000 000 2 ERDF Transition i 28 12 000 000 2 ERDF Transition i 32 15 000 000 2 CF - i 25 30 000 000 Table 35: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 36: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, Cohesion Fund and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.3.2. Specific objective: (iv) promoting climate change adaptation and disaster risk prevention, resilience, taking into account eco-system based approaches 2.1.3.2.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] 1) Supporting the measures of flood related risk management plan, which reduce flood effects in identified risk areas and prevent occurrence of risk areas related to new floods. Risk management includes flood protection, flood preparedness, flood forecasting and early warning systems. Grants for investments that reduce the risk for coastal erosion, floods and water scarcity problems with a focus on prevention in coastal areas and riverbanks of Estonia. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2) Restoration of wetlands, rivers, lakes and oxbow lakes including water bodies in poor condition to increase preparedness for adaptation to climate change. Interventions rely on the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, the Climate Change Adaptation Development Plan until 2030, Natura 2000 Prioritized Action Framework (PAF) for 2021 to 2027, and EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 Bringing nature back into our lives. The latter goal is also to enhance biodiversity in urban areas. 3) Support combined stormwater solutions to deal with stormwater problems in densely populated areas. 4) Increasing rescue management capacities and preparedness for coping with extreme weather conditions. This includes: raising people awareness, maritime rescue, forest fire fighting, search and rescue (SAR), but also crisis management capacities and capacities necessary for the rescue centers for also the general rescue operations that have derived from the risk analysis. The rescue services have to be ready to respond to emergencies anytime, therefore we also need to ensure the self-sufficiency of rescue capacities like buildings, communications. This intervention is based on the Internal Security Strategy 2020-2030 and on the National Adaptation Strategy where is a sub goal 1 (Improved rescue capacity and the ability of people to protect their health and property has reduced the negative effect of climate change on health and the quality of life.) and measure 1.2 related to increasing rescue capability. 5) Protecting water area of the ports and reconstruction of the coastal waterways for securing the public ferry transport. Protection of water area from the effects of climate change - increased storms, changes in major coastal wind directions and longer storm periods due to ice-free winters with consequent rapid changes in sea levels and floods, foresee the construction of breakwaters in the ports securing regional mobility and regular public transport to Estonian islands. The effects of climate change have also led to deterioration of navigation conditions of the waterways in shallow coastal seas. In order to avoid disruptions in public ferry transport, existing waterways must be reconstructed and alternative passages must be built to ensure regular public maritime transport. In terms of increasing extreme winds and floods, it is important to upgrade public ports and waterways to be climate resilient to ensure better adaptation with the climate changes for the Estonian population living on the islands. The most affected area here is Estonian western coastline and archipelago. There is immediate need for breakwaters in Rohuküla and Heltermaa ports, securing the public ferry traffic to Estonia's second biggest island Hiiumaa. The waterways between these ports must be reconstructed to apply to maritime safety conditions (Rukki channel, Heltermaa channel, Kuivarahu passage). On smaller remote islands additional breakwaters are needed in harbours securing the connection to Ruhnu (Ringsu port) and Kihnu (Kihnu port). Securing public transportation to the islands and avoiding disruptions in public ferry transport is essential to maintain and enliven permanent inhabitation and services on islands. Investments to develop and modernize the meteorological (incl. radar network), environmental and hydrological monitoring network and weather radar network. In order to reduce the negative impact on health and quality of life, it is also necessary to invest in environmental monitoring systems (both in-situ and remote monitoring (meteorological radars) to produce/ensure reliable weather forecasts and early warnings of dangerous weather events. The data received from the meteorological and hydrological monitoring network are the basis for weather forecasts and warnings. In addition, meteorological and hydrological data can be used for research and other new digital services. 6) Increase awareness of risks and opportunities involved in climate change. Raising awareness of climate change through information campaigns, trainings, information days and educational programs on adaptation and mitigation, both among the population in general and among local government land use, planning specialists, planners and architects. Main output of implementation of adaptation measures consists in increased public awareness and ensuring climate risk management and operative preparedness. Supporting of flood risk management measures helps to reduce damage arising from the effects of climate change to economic and natural environment. The measures of flood related risk management plan have been implemented. Reduction of effects of flood in 16 flood related risk areas and prevention of emergence of new flood related risk areas. Restoration of wetlands, mitigate climate change and increase preparedness for adaptation, including reducing flood risks and forest fires. CO2 sequestration through restoration of wetland (mires) mitigates climate change (e.g. restoration of one hectare of mire will absorb ca 800 kg of carbon per year), also restoration of mires reduces fire risks and contributes to maintaining clean water supplies. Restoration of river habitats and wet forests reduces the impact of unwanted floods. Restoration of hydromorphology of rivers and lakes reduces the water scarcity problems during droughts and improves the ecological status of waterbodies. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Improvement the statues of bodies of water in a poor status: a) Support for removing of sediments from lakes in poor statues and utilisation of sediments, incl. support for development of technologies for increasing the value of lake sediments; b) Restoration of natural hydromorphology of watercourses in a poor state due to hydromorphologic load, incl. restoration of natural riverbed, opening oxbow lakes and other landscaping activities; c) Improvement of water exchange in bodies of water, biomanipulation and other technical activities resulting in good condition of the body of water. The geographical coverage of the restoration of wetlands and improvement of the statues of the bodies of water is the whole territory of Estonia according to the small surface and dense surface water network of Estonia. Supporting of combined stormwater solutions reduces the load on sewage treatment plants, which eventually translates into reduced price of water services for end user. Reduced effect of stormwater floods in densely populated areas, establishment of at least 10 separate sewer systems. Enhanced rescue management and preparedness to cope with extreme weather conditions. The main target groups [1000 characters] Local government units, local population, universities and researchers, enterprises and entrepreneurs, NGOs, companies, incl. water companies in 100% ownership of local government, Rescue Board, Estonian Association of Planners, Estonian Association of Architects, educational institutions, tourists, all Estonian population. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2000 characters] Flood risk areas (Pärnu city; Võiste small town; Häädemeeste small town; Virtsu small town; Kuressaare city and Nasva small town; Kärdla city, Haapsalu city, Tartu city, Aardlapalu village, Võru city, Tallinn city (Haabersti, North Tallinn, City Centre and Pirita), Kiisa small town and Maidla village, Maardu city, Paide city, Sindi city, Raasiku small town). Other activities: entire Estonia. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 characters] At transnational level we strive to strengthen coordination and better knowledge exchange of climate related disaster prevention preparedness and response between Baltic States countries. In addition, we continually support the participation of Estonian universities in various projects under the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. The planned use of financial instruments [1000 characters] n/a 2.1.3.2.2 Indicators Table 37: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region unit (2024) (2029) 2 iv ERDF Transition RCO25 Coastal strip, river km 1 7 bank and lakeshore Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 flood protection newly built or consolidated 2 iv CF - PSO07 Surface area of ha 500 11 400 habitats supported to improve conservation status 2 iv CF - RCO26 Green ha 100 350 infrastructure built or upgraded for adaptation to climate change 2 iv CF - PSO02 Number of number of 7 60 municipalities municipalities where trainings, seminars and information days have been carried out and/or climate adaptation and mitigation measures (at local level) have been implemented 2 iv CF - RCO24 Investments in new eur 3 500 000 5 220 or upgraded 000 disaster monitoring, preparedness, warning and response systems against natural disasters 2 iv CF - PSO03 Area occupied by ha 0 300 water remediation activities 2 iv CF - RCO28 Areas covered by ha 720 000 1 200 protection 000 measures against wildfires 2 iv CF - PSO04 Safeguarded ports number of 2 4 to face climate ports change Table 38: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Categ ID [5] Indicator Measure Baselin Refere Target Source of Com orit fic ory of [255] ment e or nce (2029) data ment y objec regio unit referen year [200] s tive n ce [200] value 2 iv ERDF Trans RCR35 Population persons 0 2021 35 000 ition benefiting from flood protection measures 2 iv CF - RCR35 Population persons 0 2021 65 000 benefiting from flood protection measures 2 iv CF - PSR02 Percentage of percentag 59 2019 85 Eurobaro people who are e meter aware of and act on the Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 effects of climate change 2 iv CF - RCR96 Population persons 0 2021 200 benefiting from 000 protection measures against non- climate related natural risks and risks related to human activities 2 iv CF - PSR03 Number of number 0 2021 2 bodies of water of water that have bodies improved from poor to good status 2 iv CF - PSR04 Number of number 0 2020 60 sites where the of sites conservation status of habitats and species has improved due to support 2 iv CF - RCR36 Population persons 0 2020 400 benefiting from 000 wildfire protection measures 2 iv CF - PSR05 Long-term useful 25 2020 50 operational lifespan reliability of in years liner shipping ports is guaranteed 2.1.3.2.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 39: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition iv 058 16 210 229 2 CF - iv 058 34 400 000 2 CF - iv 059 27 450 000 2 CF - iv 060 13 600 000 2 CF - iv 064 4 000 000 2 CF - iv 078 16 000 000 2 CF - iv 079 2 550 000 Table 40: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition iv 01 16 210 229 2 CF - iv 01 98 000 000 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 41: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition iv 33 16 210 229 2 CF - iv 30 9 500 000 2 CF - iv 33 88 500 000 Table 42: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 43: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.3.3. Specific objective: (vi) promoting the transition to a circular and resource efficient economy 2.1.3.3.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Main objective of interventions is to drive further the transition to circular economy (CE) and address all levels of waste hierarchy in order to prevent and reduce waste generation and establish production and consumption models that take into account sustainable design principles for the whole resource chain. There are five interventions: 1. Grant for prevention and reduction of waste generation and packaging, reuse of products. According to CE principles, these should be the priority. Actions contribute to reduction of GHG, as they decrease the need to produce new materials and products. The target group is reuse centers, enterprises that practice reuse, e.g. repair cafes, enterprises that practice reducing packaging and other waste prevention, and those who want to pilot their solutions or expand significantly the use of such solutions. Measures are linked with improved role of consumers and business models which support sustainable product policy implementation in first stages of resource use chain. 2. Grant for implementing CE based production and consumption models and training of relevant experts, industrial symbiosis and reduction of damage from raw material sourcing. Increase the share of secondary raw materials is needed by creating CE cooperation projects for more efficient use of resources of B2B cooperation, as well as industrial symbiosis – using production residues generated in the production process in one enterprise as an input in production process of another enterprise. There is potential of bioeconomy to produce high value chemicals, design innovative wooden products and biobased materials, healthy and sustainable food systems. Development of CE production models reduces the need to acquire raw materials and related damage in the future, as well as eliminate already caused damage by applying industrial symbiosis and restoration of sources of raw materials. Interventions must improve development of regions and industrial parks. One part of encouraging the use of secondary raw material is systemization of formerly used and now abandoned sources of raw materials, starting with sites that endanger human and animal health or have direct negative impact on natural environment, which help regions that are influenced by them and might also be less developed to be more attractive to producers and citizens. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 It is also important to raise awareness of sustainable production and consumption practices and behaviour as well as to have relevant experts who would provide additional support to enterprises and local governments to provide sufficient expertise, with special focus on less developed regions. Therefore, we would move from already trained resource efficiency experts to training CE experts. Competent experts who assist enterprises and local governments in comprehensive technical analysis of their activities, are a prerequisite for the development of CE based production and development models. CE is an integrated material circulation concept that connects various fields of activity and its comprehensive implementation requires improved competence of experts in areas covered by CE. Local governments would get recommendations for CE related investments for their regional plans. 3. Grant for energy and resource efficiency of industrial and service sector and conducting resource efficiency audits. We will continue with improving resource efficiency, including energy efficiency. However, main focus should shift to CE on a broader scale in order to improve economic competitiveness. There are competent resource efficiency specialists (auditors) in place and awareness of resource efficiency of enterprises has increased. Enterprises have shown great interest in the measure and there is a need for additional funding based on completed resource audits. Measure will be further improved and the target group extended in addition to manufacturing sector to include the service sector. It will also be more linked with energy efficiency, digitalization and automation. Such combination will increase interlinkages and effectiveness of support measures. The measure contributes to the implementation of the obligation to reduce GHG in Estonia and improvement of Estonian resource productivity. When planning measures, it is important that it will be based on environmental benefits to be consistent with goals of current policy objective and that other innovative and smart solutions will be supported elsewhere. 4. Grant for separate collection infrastructure. Quality of secondary raw materials is needed for new business models and it requires high rate of separate collection and management of materials. Functional and effective unified waste collection is a prerequisite for efficient waste management system, including using digital solutions. Local governments are the main partner for the state for municipal waste. Based on the feedback, there is still significant need for civic amenity sites, containers, composters and other smart collection solutions in near future, which cannot be covered from fixed costs. There are other large scale waste streams, which need a comprehensive collection system. National priority is to develop fully the entire waste management infrastructure and it requires significant investments into developing a smart and effective infrastructure. The capacity of local governments needs to be improved, including collecting separately hazardous waste through civic amenity sites and collection rounds. Trained experts would consult local governments and give recommendations that are suitable for their regions and originality. Ministry of the Environment has started with visits by waste management staff and compiled guidance and recommendations. 5. Grant for waste recycling and safe recycling of materials. Specific focus will be given to supporting waste management solutions and sectoral innovation. Secondary materials wasted pose a problem across entire EU due to lacking waste management capacities. Prerequisite for recycling consists of supporting waste collection infrastructure and capacities for identifying and managing hazardous substances in the waste to ensure safe material circulation and promote product development for replacing hazardous substances in production processes and in products. Measures support treatment plants for preparing separately collected waste for reuse and recycling by establishing sufficient capacities. Interventions are fully supported and in line with the Estonia 2035 and the new national waste management plan (NWMP), the latter focusing on four main pillars - sustainable and conscious production and consumption, promoting waste prevention and reuse, including national waste prevention programme, increasing safe circulation of materials and consideration of the impacts of waste management on both the human and the natural environment. As a result of the interventions there will be enterprises in Estonia that use resources efficiently and are sustainable and competitive on global market. Estonia features enterprises practicing new CE business models. Achieved implementation of separate collection of waste and targets set for waste management. There are more CE experts who assist both public and private sector. There are increased capacities for waste management on the higher levels of the waste hierarchy and the use of secondary raw materials for production has increased. Investments will generate more value in CE for businesses, including in manufacturing and waste management sector. Natural resources are used more efficiently by reducing pressure on environment. Interventions would also reduce regional disparities as enterprises in rural areas have difficulties to get additional private financing Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 as the value of land is low. Also less developed municipalities would benefit from support as their capacity to invest is limited. Where relevant, we will encourage GPP. The main target groups [1 000 characters] SMEs, large enterprises (mainly small mid-caps), NGOs, reuse centers, circular economy and resource efficiency experts, local governments, associations of local governments, waste management enterprises, manufacturing enterprises using more waste and less chemicals in their production. Circular economy transition needs contribution from all stakeholders, therefore we envisage supporting large enterprises as well, mainly small mid-caps, who would have larger effect on influencing on other parties and set sustainable production as a norm. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2 000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2 000 characters] All over Estonia, focusing on balanced regional development and keeping in mind the need to ensure measures to support regions with different capacities. As Estonia is small, solutions should be encouraged all over Estonia. Projects in rather less developed regions will be preferred if applicable. Implementing circular economy-based production and consumption models, including repair and reuse activities, separate waste collection practices, local waste treatment solutions (for example composting) and reduction of damage from legacy pollution or remedying the impacts of environmental degradation, including mining. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2 000 characters] Estonia and Latvia have Interreg project (Estonia-Latvia) PACKGDEPO (2021-2022) to encourage improvements and cross-border cooperation for packaging deposit systems. There have also been discussions about potential cooperation project between Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia for harmonisation of cross-border movement and reporting of hazardous waste. Circular economy and its solutions are important part of different Interreg programs in new period. The planned use of financial instruments [1 000 characters] As business models and developing of quality resource streams based on circular economy still pose higher risk marginals in investments and could have longer payback periods compared to more conventional projects, we assessed that financial instruments will not solve the market barriers with sufficient momentum to incentivise action, that grants will. We also see how the coronavirus has hampered the investments lately, causing even higher uncertainty in the markets. For a green and circular recovery, it will be essential to provide sufficient incentives for a green transition as soon as possible. A study to assess possibility to use financial instruments will be conducted. 2.1.3.3.1 Indicators Table 44: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region unit (2024) (2029) 2 vi CF - PSO08 Enterprises enterprises 20 150 supported in circular economy 2 vi CF - RCO107 Investment in eur 16 000 000 53 293 facilities for 463 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 separate waste collection Table 45: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Catego ID [5] Indicator Measure Baselin Referenc Targe Source Com orit fic ry of [255] ment e or e year t of data ment y objec region unit referen (202 [200] s tive ce 9) [200] value 2 vi CF - PSR0 Primary raw tonnes/y 0 2021 80 6 materials ear 000 saved by projects 2 vi CF - RCR1 Waste tonnes/y 0 2021 45 03 collected ear 000 separately 2.1.3.3.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 46: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 CF - vi 067 35 528 963 2 CF - vi 069 35 000 000 2 CF - vi 071 6 000 000 2 CF - vi 075 24 500 000 2 CF - vi 076 10 000 000 Table 47: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 CF - vi 01 111 028 963 Table 6: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 CF - vi 33 111 028 963 Table 48: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 49: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2.1.4. SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY [KOGU PEATÜKI TEKST 2.07 SEISUGA] This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (xi) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (x) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 2(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 2(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation 2.1.4.1 Specific objective: (viii) promoting sustainable multimodal urban mobility, as part of transition to a net zero carbon economy 2.1.4.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Investments in sustainable urban mobility will be supported with three types of activities: construction of cycling path core networks and improving bike parking possibilities, development of intermodal passenger transport hubs and development of tram traffic. Activities will be eligible in Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu functional urban areas (tram traffic only in Tallinn), because addressing those bottlenecks in those areas have the most impact (most problematic areas). In addition, development of cycling paths in Ida-Viru urban areas will also be eligible under policy objective 5. Construction of interconnected cycling path core networks, including storage areas and passageways will be supported to promote sustainable means of transport and improve safety in cities. The mileage of cycle paths to be built in 2021-2027 depends very much on the needs of the accompanying infrastructure restructuring, on which the cost of 1 km of cycle path development also depends on. For example, the estimated length of the bicycle core network is 165 km in Tallinn, in Tartu approximately 40 km etc and the need for new core network bicycle roads in those three urban areas is up to 150 km. Construction of core cycling networks and linking those with existing cycle routes (including rather well developed connections from neighbouring municipalities to city borders) is crucial for creating a comprehensive regional cycling network. Tallinn and Tartu have recently developed their cycling strategies which will be taken into account in intervention planning (Tallinn Cycling Strategy 2018-20286, Tartu Cycling Strategic Action Plan 2019-20407, strategic document for Pärnu is being drafted). Development of intermodal passenger transport hubs including Park&Ride car parks, bicycle parking, real-time platforms will be supported. With offering good solutions for first and last mile mobility it will help to increase the catchment area of public transit and improve connections between urban centres and the surrounding countryside resulting in safer and quicker journeys, effectively connecting peoples’ home and workplaces better, thus improving competitiveness of alternative modes of transportation and help reduce car dependency. Hubs will enable transfers between different modes of transport. The existing park & ride lots in Tallinn are overloaded and in combination with public transport developments (including tram traffic), such solutions will become more attractive also for people commuting from outside the Tallinn urban area. Development of Tallinn tram traffic will be supported to increase the proportion of people commuting by tram (reducing the use of cars) by expanding the network of tramways. The selection of routes is based on the 6 https://www.tallinn.ee/est/ehitus/Tallinna-Rattastrateegia-2018-2028 7 https://tartu.ee/sites/default/files/uploads/Linnavarad/SECAP/Tartu%20jalgrattaliikluse%20strateegiline%20tegevuska va_Final_22042019.pdf Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 feasibility and cost-benefit analysis of light rail transport in Tallinn and Harju County. It is necessary to combine funding to achieve 100% coverage and the indicative list is: Viimsi, Rae (Peetri), Center-Endla, Mustamäe (Sõpruse), Stroomi, Tondi-Tammsaare road, Lasnamäe, Tondi-Järve, about 50 km in total. The estimated average price is around 2.5 million euros (simpler sections) per kilometre. In more difficult sections (intersections, city centre) the price might be up to 10 million per kilometre. After indication and framework agreement that new tramway support will be available, then the cities can start making designs and procurements. After preparations it may take up to 5 years, depending on the routes. The city must propose the most viable routes, while considering fiscal, schedule (i.e. time frame for the usage of funds) and other limitations. Proposed actions need to be consistent with national Transport and Mobility Strategy 2021-20358 (in preparation) and local mobility strategies which are specified with more detailed sectoral development plans (for example Tallinn development strategy "Tallinn 2035" and Tallinn sustainable urban mobility plan 2035 9). Planned actions are part of transition to a net zero carbon economy with positive impacts to problems with accessibility, traffic congestion and emissions. Developing segregated cycle paths, establishing new tram links and building multimodal nodes are all important parts of promoting sustainable multimodal urban mobility, helping to improve the use of active mobility modes and efficiency and speed of public transport and its competitiveness in relation to private cars. As a result, those interventions will have positive impacts on decreasing travel times and costs, decreasing growing dependence on personal cars and the resulting inequalities, increasing travel by sustainable modes, decreasing transport-related energy consumption and CO2 emissions, also decreasing negative health effects and improving integration of land use and transport planning. The main target groups [1 000 characters] Estonian residents, tourists, entrepreneurs, residents of Tallinn capital region Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2 000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Moving towards more sustainable transport and housing can bring considerable savings, in particular for low income households, at the same time improving transport accessibility and safety for society as a whole (including more vulnerable groups as elderly, children, disabled people etc). For example, the yearly costs for owning and using a bike only amount to around 5% or 10% (for electric bicycles) to the costs for owning and using a car. By providing cheap transport options and alternatives (cycling, public transport, walking) we can help to make jobs and participation in social life better accessible to disadvantaged population groups. Developing sustainable means of transport also benefits in gender equality (research shows that women use more public transport or tend to benefit more from higher cycling levels). Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2 000 characters] Functional urban areas of Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu and connections between these urban centres and suburbs, also bordering municipalities. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2 000 characters] n/a The planned use of financial instruments [1 000 characters] n/a 2.1.4.1.2. Indicators 8 https://www.mkm.ee/et/eesmargid-tegevused/transport/transpordi-ja-liikuvuse-arengukava-2021 9 https://www.tallinn.ee/est/liikuvuskava2035/ Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 50: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region unit (2024) (2029) 2 viii ERDF Transition RCO55 Length of new km 0 3 tram and metro lines 2 viii ERDF Transition RCO54 New or intermodal 0 1 modernised connections intermodal connections 2 viii ERDF Transition RCO58 Dedicated cycling km 0 10 infrastructure supported 2 viii ERDF Transition RCO75 Strategies for contributions to 0 1 integrated strategies territorial development supported Table 51: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Catego ID [5] Indicator Measure Baselin Refer Target Source of Com orit fic ry of [255] ment e or ence (2029) data ment y objec region unit referen year [200] s tive ce [200] value 2 viii ERDF Transiti PSR0 Annual users of users/yea 0 2020 540 000 on 7 new or r modernised intermodal connections 2 viii ERDF Transiti RCR6 Annual users of users/yea 0 2020 720 000 on 4 dedicated r cycling infrastructure 2 viii ERDF Transiti RCR6 Annual users of users/yea 0 2020 720 000 on 3 new or r modernised tram and metro lines 2.1.4.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 52: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition viii 081 54 000 000 2 ERDF Transition viii 083 42 000 000 Table 53: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2 ERDF Transition viii 01 96 000 000 Table 54: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2 ERDF Transition viii 27 96 000 000 Table 55: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 56: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.5. A MORE CONNECTED ESTONIA [KOGU PEATÜKI TEKST 2.07 SEISUGA] This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (xi) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (x) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 2(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 2(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund regulation 2.1.5.1. Specific objective: (ii) developing a sustainable, climate resilient, intelligent, secure and intermodal TEN-T 2.1.5.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Intense development of road network is necessary due to the obligation to complete TEN-T core network by 2030. Core TEN-T E263 Tallinn-Tartu-Võru-Luhamaa road completeness is at 22% (covering 64 km 2+2 and 2+1 road sections of 283 km in total). By the end of 2019, 19% of the Core TEN-T E67 Tallinn-Pärnu-Ikla road (covering 34 km of 2+2 and 2+1 road sections of 179 km in total) met road safety and environmental standards of the Regulation No 1315/2013. Comprehensive TEN-T E20 Tallinn-Narva road completeness is at 38% (covering 80 km of 2+2 road sections of 209 km in total). Abovementioned suggests TEN-T transport links are still inadequate and hinder the development of sectors that involve travelling or the transportation of goods. Investments mainly concern road safety (incl. ITS systems), reduction of travel time, road user costs and construction of environmental mitigation measures. Grants will be used in compliance with the requirements of Article 17.3 b) and Article 39.2 c) of Regulation (EU) No. 1315/2013 and will contribute to completion of TEN-T core network and access to them by constructing 2+1 or 2+2 road sections to meet road safety and environmental requirements. That also includes reconstruction of dangerous one level junctions to separated junctions, installation of proper lighting and noise barriers including safe parking areas. In terms of nature, animal fencing and ecoducts or green corridors (or Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 other alternative smart solutions) will be built, also putting focus on landscaping and planting as compensation measures, drainage to deal with heavy rains, climate change impact etc. Also, pedestrians’ and cyclists’ safety will be improved by bridges, tunnels and roads. Existing roads go through several settlements, so new road alignment with bypasses improves environment and living conditions of the settlements. Investments into transport infrastructure are significant enablers for boosting growth and employment. The main benefits are improvement of traffic safety, reduction of travel time and boosting connectivity for people and businesses. It also helps to improve effectiveness of land use, attract both private and public sector investments in the area (development of logistics parks, housing projects and other property investments), reduce environmental costs (noise, CO2, improvement of conditions of wildlife migration etc.) and has direct and indirect employment effects. Preparations for the electrification of railway started in 2019. Today an electric train can travel from Tallinn to Turba, Paldiski and Aegviidu. By the end of 2029, the overhead network will be extended to Narva, Tartu, Koidula and Valka. In the course of electrification, a new 25 kV overhead line and new traction substations will be built to east and southeast of Tallinn. To the west of Tallinn, the existing 3 kV power system will remain in use. The aim of the project is to take railway transport to a new quality level and significantly reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector through the use of renewable energy in railway transport and to create infrastructure enabling to reach speeds up to 160 km/h (contributing to the climate objectives set by the European Union). As Estonia is in the Nordic open electricity market, renewable electricity is generated by all countries in the pool, purchased according to supply-demand and accessed when needed. Hence giving the ability to use railway transport system using renewable energy and reduce impact on the environment. Railway electrification has a direct impact towards reducing CO2 emissions. In order to increase safety and speed of railway passenger transport to 160 km/h from Tallinn to Narva and Tartu and 135 km/h to other directions, traffic management system will be renewed (this will not be done from Cohesion Fund). Straightening the railway in Tallinn-Tartu and Tapa-Narva sections: In order to achieve significant reduction in Tallinn-Tartu intercity trains’ connection time to 1 h 36 minutes, it is necessary to straighten the railway route and adjust the geometry of the tracks to the requirements arising from the increase of speed limit. The railway line will be straightened based on the design speed of 160 km/h in approx. 28 places. Reconstruction of Tallinn-Tartu, Tapa-Narva, Tartu – Koidula and Tartu-Valga sections: The aim of the reconstruction of railway and facilities is to increase traffic safety and performance on problematic railway sections and to design these railway sections for speeds up to 160 km/h. The investment project on Tallinn-Tapa-Tartu railway line was started in 2018 and was financed from the state budget. The aim of the second stage of the project is to reconstruct those sections that were not included in the first stage. Increasing capacity and reconstruction of Tallinn-Lelle section: Tallinn-Rapla-Lelle (TEN-T comprehensive rail network) is an important railway trunk line for building sustainable public transport in Tallinn and its surrounding Harju and Rapla regions. It is a fast public transport mode to access Tallinn. Demand for this line is increasing and the need to provide denser and higher quality public transport is crucial to provide a good alternative for car. To increase the capacity of network and to provide more frequent train service the railway passings need to be built. Rail Baltic In order to maximise the efficiency of Rail Baltic and ensure synergies between Connecting Europe Facility and Cohesion Fund, local stops are built on the RB rail route between Tallinn and Ikla. The investment will contribute to regional development and save CO2 emissions by enabling daily commute using an electric high-speed train. The locations of local stops have been set out in the county plans as part of the participation process. Local stops connect the hinterland to the city centres helping to reduce heavy traffic caused by passenger cars. Local stops will become small multimodal passenger terminals. The stops will have good access to existing road and cycling/walking infrastructure, they will be equipped with parking lots for bicycles and cars (incl. recharging possibilities for electric vehicles), a bus stop and other necessary facilities. The development of local stops on RB rail route ensures complimentarity with the investments planned from PO2 SO8, which also addresses problems and challenges related to growing dependence on personal cars and decreasing travel by sustainable modes. Rail Baltic, the largest new railway in the Baltic States has two international passenger stations on the territory of Estonia ‒ Ülemiste and Pärnu. Railway infrastructure of both of the stations is built using a contribution from Connecting Europe Facility. Pärnu passenger terminal and its surroundings will form a key transport node in Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Pärnu, contributing to higher usage of public transport in the area; the investment also enhances accessibility of the station as public transport stops and parking areas will be created next to the terminal building, also surrounding streets will be refurbished. From the financing perspective, synergies in utilization of Connecting Europe Facility, Cohesion Funds and RRF (financing source of Ülemiste terminal building) are foreseen. The planning and construction of Rail Baltic changes the landscape in all three affected counties in Estonia. New linear spatial objects as a high-speed railway bring about the need to reshape and rebuild existing connections that would be cut off due to the railway embankment. For this purpose, new traffic solutions in Kangru (Harju county) and Kohila (Rapla county) have to be built. 10 new level crossings with access ramps will be constructed beside the railway crossings that are financed from Connecting Europe Facility under the Rail Baltic project. The main target groups [1000 characters] International transport, entrepreneurs, locals, tourists. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. These could be adjustments in creating infrastructure according to principle 8-80. That means that infrastructure, information exchange, e-services etc must be comfortable both for 8 year old and 80 year old users. It includes details to improve the visibility and usability for all users with different needs and must be coherent to directive (EU) 2019/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the accessibility requirements for products and services. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned ues of territorial tools [2000 characters] There is territorial cohesion in electrifying the railroad in Tallinn-Narva section and strengthening the railroad in Tapa-Narva section, so that it takes Narva closer to the capital Tallinn. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 characters] The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions include reconstruction of public roads in the border area Pärnu-Ikla (Via Baltica).Also reconstruction of railroads in Tartu-Koidula and Tartu-Valga sections and construction of Rail Baltic railroad ‒ the largest new railway in the Baltic States. The planned use of financial instruments [1000 characters] n/a 2.1.5.1.2 Indicators Table 57: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 3 i CF Transition RCO45 Length of km 19 41 roads reconstructed or modernised - TEN-T 3 i CF Transition RCO49 Length of rail km 20 105 reconstructed or modernised - TEN-T Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 3 i CF Transition RCO53 New or stations and 0 13 modernised stops railway stations and stops 3 i CF Transition PSO01 Length of km 50 450 railways electrified - TEN-T Table 58: Result indicators Prior Specif Fu Categ ID Indicato Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sour Comm ity ic nd ory of [5] r [255] ment unit ne or nce et ce of ents object region refere year (202 data [200] ive nce 9) [200 value ] 3 i CF Transi PSR Fatalities fatalities/ 1,2 2019 0,84 tion 01 on year fataliti fatalit reconstr es per ies ucted or year per new road year sections 3 i CF Transi PSR Annual Mln 5,98 2020 15 tion 03 users of passenger mln mln railways /year 2.1.5.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 59: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 3 CF ii Table 60: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 3 CF Transition i 087 134 100 000 3 CF Transition i 088 25 000 000 3 CF Transition i 096 129 697 000 3 CF Transition i 097 71 054 000 3 CF Transition i 100 113 124 000 3 CF Transition i 101 28 225 000 Table 61: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 3 CF Transition i 01 501 200 000 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 62: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 63: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.5.2 Specific objective: (ii) developing and enhancing sustainable, climate resilient, intelligent and intermodal national, regional and local mobility, including improved access to TEN-T and cross-border mobility 2.1.5.2.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Better connections outside Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu urban areas Outside the urban areas of Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu, support will be provided to municipalities’ investments in infrastructure for active modes of transport, which will ensure safe and convenient access to public services, work, and public transportation (including Rail Baltic). The investments will contribute to regional development and save CO2 emissions by enabling daily commutes by walking or cycling. Better connections with public transportation also help to increase the overall use of sustainable modes of transport including mixed-mode commuting. Open calls for applications targeted to municipalities are the basis for project selection. Investments will increase safety, reduce spatial distances, and make it easier for people to go to work/school, and reduce commuting and travel time. The central goal of Estonian policy on mobility is to reduce people’s dependence on using a private car. Municipalities can contribute to through cycling and walking promotion activities, including the construction of bike and/or walking paths to ensure better and safe accesses to services and transport. The aim of the measure is to increase the motivation of municipalities to find solutions to traffic-hazardous road sections that impede daily mobilities (cycling or walking) to ensure better access to services, public transport (including Rail-Baltic local stops), and workplaces outside the largest urban areas (Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu). Within the Rail-Baltic project, connections will be built from the local railway stops to the closest public road only. The measure will help municipalities to connect bike and/or walking paths from the Rail Baltic local stop’s closest public road to the rest of the cycling network in municipalities. So, the measure will also amplify the positive effects of environmentally friendly public transport, including fast and safe railway connection within Estonia and connecting Estonia with Central Europe, Western Europe, and neighbouring countries. The main activity of the measure is the construction of bike and/or walking paths with the accompanying supporting infrastructure (lighting, bicycle parking spaces, benches and small forms). PO2 measure is aimed at development of bike and/or walking paths in the largest urban areas (Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu). RRF measure has the same aim as PO3 measure, but it would start earlier. Using RRF (5 mln €) and CF PO3 (20 mln €) investments will give municipalities opportunity to build up more comprehensive cycling and pedestrian networks. Double financing and double counting of indicators is excluded at the level of the specific objective and the project: support for the construction of the same bike and/or walking path would be granted only from one Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 measure and would be counted as indicators only once. The opening call for RRF's EUR 5 million is expected to take place earlier than the Cohesion Fund PO3 call for EUR 20 million. The main target groups [1000 characters] Residents, tourists, entrepreneurs. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. These could be adjustments in creating infrastructure according to principle 8-80. That means that infrastructure, information exchange, e-services etc must be comfortable both for 8 year old and 80 year old users. Itincludes details to improve the visibility and usability for all users with different needs and must be coherent to directive (EU) 2019/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the accessibility requirements for products and services. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2000 characters] Entire country. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2000 characters] Not applicable The planned use of financial instruments [1000 characters] Not applicable 2.1.5.2.2 Indicators Table 64: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 3 ii CF Transition PSO02 Dedicated 10 76 bike- and walkways km infrastructure supported Table 65: Result indicators Prior Specif Fu Catego ID Indicato Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sour Comm ity ic nd ry of [5] r [255] ment ne or nce et ce of ents object region unit refere year (202 data [200] ive nce 9) [200 value ] 3 ii CF Transit PSR Annual users 0 2020 600 ion 02 users of 000 dedicated bike- and Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 walkway s infrastruc ture supporte d 2.1.5.2.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 66: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Transition 3 CF ii 083 20 000 000 Table 67: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 3 CF Transition ii 01 20 000 000 Table 68: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 3 CF Transition ii 32 20 000 000 Table 69: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 70: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 2.1.6. A MORE SOCIAL ESTONIA This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (m) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ Regulation This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (l) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ Regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 3(1)(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund Regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 3(1)(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund Regulation 2.1.6.1. Specific objective (a) improving access to employment and activation measures for all jobseekers, in particular young people, especially through the implementation of the Youth Guarantee, for long-term unemployed and disadvantaged groups on the labour market, and for inactive people, as well as through promoting self-employment and the social economy 2.1.6.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions [8000 characters] Different trends (automatization, digitalization, employment of new technologies, transition to climate neutrality, prolonged life expectancy, ageing population and many more) make it increasingly important to provide more, versatile, active labour market measures for all target groups, including more vulnerable groups, among which people with reduced work ability and health related issues, people with lower or outdated skills, people living in regions with high unemployment or in higher risk of unemployment due to the climate goals, among those also high proportion of non-Estonians; youth (especially in NEET situation), but also people with high, but mismatched skills in the labour market. Interventions will address barriers and shortcomings in achieving better position at the labour market, smoother job-to-job mobility or being competitive in the labour market. Interventions: • Flexible and diverse labour market measures and support services are developed to promote social economy and provided addressing labour market barriers for the unemployed and inactive people and groups in high risk of unemployment. • Concentration of women and men as well as Estonians and non-Estonians in different fields both in education and at the labour market will be reduced by promoting more versatile occupational and educational choices and thereby better harnessing the potential pool of the work force. More versatile career choices will be encouraged among women and men. Focus will also be put on removing barriers for gender, geographical, and language-based labour mobility. • To reduce regional and socio-economic gaps, labour market measures, which are taking into account local and regional circumstances and the climate goals, are developed and provided in areas with high unemployment. For the purpose of improving career prospects of youth with migrant background, especially from predominantly Russian-speaking areas, additional activities are developed to increase their possibilities to find suitable employment (e.g. job shadowing programme, information and motivation events). For adults with migrant background, especially those with weak labour market attachment, additional targeted support is provided combining different elements e.g outreach, counselling, trainings, follow-up support. • Labour market measures (incl. measures to support acquisition of work skills) are prepared and developed to support the remaining active in employment and transition into employment of individuals with health problems (incl. individuals with reduced work ability). • Measures are developed to support participation in the labour market of older individuals through changing stereotypical attitudes among employers and employees. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 • To ensure that skills of the labour force are in line with the needs of the post virus COVID-19 crisis and the recovering economy and with the labour market, upskilling and support is provided through flexible reskilling and upskilling training programs and regional measures. Through this, groups in risk of unemployment are provided with access to learning opportunities, financial support (for example degree study allowance, stipend, transport and accommodation allowance etc.) and other support services. Also system developments to improve active labour market policies are included. Interventions will be designed in co- operation with employers and stakeholders and taking into account the needs of the sectors with demand for labour and keeping in mind the objective of decreasing regional differences and segregation. Also, obstacles or barriers hindering target groups’ participation (examples of obstacles include care burden, health related restrictions, language barriers and low levels of digital skills, NEET situation) will be addressed. The goal is effective and smooth transition to new jobs, alleviated labour force mismatches and reduced regional and socio- economic gaps. The main target groups [1 000 characters] Educational institutions, employers, personnel, recruitment, and career specialists, policy makers, pupils and students, educational personnel, employees, society as a whole, more vulnerable groups (incl. NEETs, individuals with insufficient proficiency in the official language, individuals with reduced work ability, low or outdated education, old-aged), social partners (trade unions, employers), NGOs, local municipalities, companies, state authorities, older adults, labour force that resides in areas with high unemployment (working age population, incl. risk groups, and stakeholder), companies interested in job creation in the area and affected by labour market developments, individuals with skills that do not meet the labour market needs or low-skilled individuals, organizations that provide labour market services, Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund (Eesti Töötukassa), people with reduced work ability and organizations that provide them with services. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination [2 000 characters] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools [2 000 characters] Whole of Estonia, regions. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions [2 000 characters] n/a The planned use of financial instruments [1 000 characters] n/a 2.1.6.1.2 Indicators Table 71: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 4 a ESF+ Transition Total number of Nr 8901 23356 participants Table 72: Result indicators Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Prior Specifi Fu Catego I Indicato Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sour Comme ity c nd ry of D r [255] ment unit ne or nce et ce of nts object region [5 refere year (202 data [200] ive ] nce 9) [200 value ] 4 a ESF Transit Particip Number 0 2020 8363 + ion ants or with an proportio improve n d labour market situation six months after leaving 2.1.6.1.3. Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 73: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 4 ESF+ Transition a 134 54 930 270 Table 74: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 75: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 76: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 77: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.2. Specific objective (d) promoting adaptation of workers, enterprises and entrepreneurs to change, and active and healthy ageing and a healthy and well- adapted working environment addressing health risks 2.1.6.2.1. Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions The general objective of the interventions is to promote adaptation of workers, enterprises and entrepreneurs to change, and active and healthy ageing and a healthy and well-adapted working environment addressing health risks. In order to maintain a long-term and healthy working life, an occupational health and safety service measures will be developed, considering the outcome of the revised EU Strategy on Health and Safety at Work as well. This also includes activities to build capacity of social partners, enhancement of supervision and making Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 the counselling service more accessible. Support is offered to increase occupational safety in the company with the help of qualified specialists and within the framework of various research and trainings. A training plan for work environment specialists, commissioners and council members will be developed, and a training program will be implemented. These include the development and promotion of e-learning opportunities and the design of sector-based and work environment risk-based training. This intervention is linked to other interventions, which seek to reduce structural problems in the labor market, to develop a long-term care system, integrated welfare services and service delivery centers, and with the intervention, which is directed to children and young people. It also has an impact on the intervention, which is for most deprived. Measures will be developed for the early detection and prevention of the loss of work ability and deterioration of health, supporting the development of a safe, health maintaining occupational environment and p developing services promoting healthy ways of life in the whole life span. Developing activities for early detection and diagnosis of work-related injuries to health, incl. reforming of occupational healthcare services. In addition, measures to improve the institution’s capacity to monitor the compliance of working conditions; promoting flexible ways of working, to promote innovative ways of organizing work and strengthening the capacity of authorities, incl. social partners and other representative organizations dealing with issues related to the working environment and conditions. Mapping the need gaps in identifying and measuring physical, chemical and biological risks in living environment, developing and piloting the methodologies and necessary tools and models to fill the gaps, raising the competence and capacity of Estonia in identifying and measuring the physical, chemical and biological risks in living environment. Developing, testing, and implementing measures to support the retention in employment of individuals subject to temporary incapacity for work and to prevent the development of permanent loss of work ability. Analysing current fragmented services provided by different sectors (health, education, justice, labor, social) and at different levels, developing improved integrated models, piloting and implementing the measures addressing main health risks causing the loss of workability (cardiovascular diseases, mental health problems, incl substance abuse, sceleto-muscular diseases, cancer etc.), including early identification of health risks, brief intervention, counselling, treatment and rehabilitation by different institutions (incl. in occupational health and primary health care system). The analysis will include the evaluation of needs for services, current skills, interest and readiness of different stakeholders to provide the services in improved way and possible new models. Contributing to raising awareness of the parties in the labor market and employers in meeting occupational safety requirements. Increasing the capacity of social partners and other interest groups. Promoting of a safety culture, providing counselling or other services that consider the needs of the target group and improving monitoring. Developing and implementing measures to improve the competitiveness of chronically ill individuals and addicts. Reforming the system of old age pension under favourable conditions and pensions based on years worked, considering the good practice of other countries. Developing a support structure for reorganizing and improving the system; designing and providing services, which cover communication, various labor market measures, retraining and training programs. Approximately 45% of the program support will be directed to the development of occupational health and safety services, 47% for prevention of permanent loss of work ability and 8% will be contributed to the improvement of accessibility of illness prevention measures. The provision of services and their availability are planned at regional or local level, considering regional differences. To achieve a more appropriate result, local governments and community representatives, but all other relevant social partners will be involved in the development of appropriate measures. Greater involvement of social enterprises would be considered by measure design. The main target groups - Employees and employers, incl. SMEs (social enterprises), specialists and organizations that engage in working environment and working conditions related issues, incl. social partners and other employees of representative organizations, health care service providers, developers and implementers of the labor related legal framework; Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 - Employees and employers, partner organizations, policy makers and implementers in the labor domain; - People responsible for health promotion, health professionals in primary health care and occupational health system; - People with health risks, risky behaviour and their family members, local municipalities and communities, state authorities related to prevention, counselling, treatment, rehabilitation, and support service providers, population, workers, health policy makers and implementers Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Estonia, regional level The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions n/a The planned use of financial instruments n/a 2.1.6.2.2 Indicators Table 78: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 4 d ESF+ Transition Number of Nr 6 12 solutions developed for working conditions, occupational health and safety 4 d ESF+ Transition Establishment of N/A 1 1 a support system for the prevention of development of permanent incapacity for work and employment retention of people with temporary incapacity for work 4 d ESF+ Transition Users of the Nr 0 37 700 support system for the prevention of the development Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 of permanent incapacity for work and the retention of persons with temporary incapacity for work Table 79: Result indicators Prior Specifi Fu Catego I Indicat Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sour Comme ity c nd ry of D or ment unit ne or nce et ce of nts object region [5 [255] refere year (202 data [200] ive ] nce 9) value [200 ] 4 d ESF Transit Share % 1,12 2019 1,11 + ion of new people with partial and absent ability to work from workin g age populat ion 4 d ESF Transit Share % 12 2019 12 + ion of people who have lost their job due to health reasons (15 years and older) 2.1.6.2.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 80: Dimension 1 – intervention field Specific Priority No Fund Category of region Code Amount (EUR) objective Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 4 ESF+ Transition d 144 38 050 000 Table 81: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 82: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 83: Dimension 6 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 84: Dimension 7 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.3. Specific objective (e) improving the quality, inclusiveness, effectiveness and labour market relevance of education and training systems including through validation of non-formal and informal learning, to support acquisition of key competences including entrepreneurial and digital skills, and by promoting the introduction of dual-training systems and apprenticeships 2.1.6.3.1. Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] In a rapidly changing world, study opportunities must be rich in choice, accessible, future oriented, and in line with the learner’s capabilities and interests. Interventions must help harmonize study opportunities with the development needs of society and the labor market and improve the equal opportunities. The effectiveness of interventions is supported by a joint intervention logic that is applied to formal studies and different education types and is based on the following needs: • support the implementation of a contemporary approach to teaching and learning across formal education and different levels of education, introduce a research based and contemporary approach to personalization of teaching and learning and development of the learning motivation and learning-to-learn skills throughout a learner’s life; • ensure the supply of skilled education and training workforce and support their professional development; • establish accessible study opportunities rich in choice that enable smooth transitions within formal education and from one level of education to another; • establish conditions for inclusive and research-based development and implementation of curricula in different levels of formal education aiming at aligning of the curricula to labour market and societal needs, promoting cohesion of curricula across levels and types of education, incl. for the purpose of taking into account in formal education of knowledge and skills acquired through nonformal and informal learning; • ensure the labour market relevance of education and training. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021  improve the awareness and attractiveness of the study fields related to green and digital shift of the economy. Measures for curricula developing and the organization of studies and ensuring supply of education and training workforce By way of the intervention, the process of developing and implementing learner-centered curricula is better than before connected to teacher training, evaluation, monitoring and assessment of learning outcomes as well as learning and studying materials. In different levels and types of education, measures that support prioritization of relevant curricular focus, key competencies, future skills, and important areas (e.g. foreign languages; STEAM; digital skills; entrepreneurship; career skills, sustainable development; social and interpersonal skills) are planned in cooperation with and using the competence of interest groups external to education (incl. other ministries, employers, schools). Supporting entrepreneurship and career studies and development of entrepreneurial endeavors in general education, vocational education, and higher education as well as in youth work helps raise the learners’ awareness of their talents and opportunities to develop said talents and provide for a stronger connection of studies to each learner’s future career. Support is given to developing top-level skills (including digital skills) of learners with different capabilities and opportunities are expanded for learners to participate in projects and practical activities that develop talent. It is ensured that curricula will support a learner centered approach and acquisition of practical skills and that the content of studies will be in better concordance with the developmental needs of society and the labor market. Measures aimed at education and training workforce help develop methodology and didactics related competence for the purpose of implementing a learner centred approach, incl supporting of learners with different mother tongue and learners with special educational needs SEN). Application of innovative study methods is supported, learning materials are developed and accessibility thereof is ensured as well as digital pedagogy is better integrated for better premise for differentiation and personalization of learning and teaching. The creation of innovative learning materials is supported, including for children with SEN. Compilation of learning materials takes into consideration the relevant focus of studies and the need to support the key competencies and future skills of learners of different ages and needs incl. learners with different mother tongue as well as to use diverse study environments. Use of nonformal and informal study environments (incl. e- learning environments) in formal studies is supported as ensuring better opportunities to support each learner’s development and to shape their future career and choices related to lifelong learning. Support is given to research- and evidence-based introduction of quality assessment and developmental needs monitoring as well as longer term and more extensive lines of research in educational sciences, considering the area’s developmental needs. Applied research (Such as PIAAC)provide evidence-based input to teacher training and policy development and/or help respond to social and (education) p olicy related challengesTo ensure curricula development and achievement of national study objectives, educational institutions are ensured support in the area of the curriculum, implementation of a contemporary approach to teaching and learning, and cross-subject didactics. A monitoring system and monitoring means for implementation of contemporary curricula is set up. In assessing study outcomes, in addition to assessing learning outcomes in terms of subject- specific knowledge, opportunities are set up to provide feedback on acquisition of key competencies and skills that shape readiness for the future. Conditions are established to assess the effectiveness and quality of the activity of educational institutions, incl. to provide for learning analytics, so as to support the organization of personalized studies. The interventions have also been designed to enchance the quality and knowledge-based development of education through activities of research education and science communication. This will popularize required fields among learners (including STEM) and align studies and training with employer needs, help to secure high- level (future) specialists for labour market and especially for RDI-intensive companies, and support the development of knowledge-based education and RDI-intensive society at large. The activities will include citizen science and RD&I-related initiatives for different age groups, different levels of education and STEM to increase the attractiveness of RD&I activities and exploitation of research outputs. The supported activities will contribute to securing high quality of (research-based) education and its relevance for the needs of the Estonian labour market Support is given to implementation of the updated quality assessment of vocational education so as to enable use of the assessment results as an input for betterment of educational institutions’ activities, development of relevant quality culture, and provide for strategic management as well as to inform interest groups about adherence of vocational education to national requirements, objectives of relevant development plans, needs of the labour market, and expectations of learners. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 By way of the intervention, so as to ensure the supply of workforce in the education domain, flexible opportunities to commence employment, support for beginners, and opportunities for professional development throughout one’s career are set up. Measures are developed to increase mobility both internal and external to the domain and to popularize the relevant profession. For the purpose of disseminating and implementing innovation in education and establishing a collaborative school culture, heads of educational institutions and local municipality officials are empowered. So as to improve youth work quality, the number of youth workers with relevant professional education must be increased and best practices must be disseminated more systematically. Youth workers are provided refresher training in priority topics (e.g. smart youth work, mental health of youths, support of participation of youths with special needs, involvement of 19-26 year-old youths), a platform is established for sharing best practices and for learning from one another. In addition, youth workers are provided interview and process based job counselling as a form of efficient self-improvement and development. Improving teaching capacity and flexibility in higher education institutions and guiding study choices in vocational and higher education Measures to support updating of study programmes and improvement of the organisation of studies to improve the quality and flexibility of higher education, including doctoral studies. Digital learning is supported to increase the flexibility of studies and also inclusion of digital competences in different study fields. In doctoral studies, cooperation between universities is supported to raise the quality. In selected fields attention is paid to the capacity building of teaching in higher education, incl. supporting mobility of academic staff and hiring additional teaching personnel, where the quality or number of study places does not correspond to societal challenges or the labour market needs. Measures are launched to bring vocational and higher education into better conformity with employer and labour market needs and to increase the number of graduates with required qualifications. Support is given to cooperation of professional associations or employers’ umbrella organizations and educational institutions, curricular updates and improvement of the quality of studies, including doctoral studies for the purpose of popularizing required fields among learners and bringing studies into conformity with employer needs. The focus is on areas with labor market gaps, for example ICT skills, incl. updating of studies, as well as on introduction of digital competence in higher education and professional education (IT and mechatronics / industrial informatics), social- and healthcare workforce. Cooperation between different educational institutions is also supported to facilitate transitions from one level of education to another and to create synergies. Offering of scholarships in the fields of economic growth fields motivates learners to choose study programmes in those fields, supports successful completion of studies, and motivates learners to undertake research and projects in cooperation with companies and considering the interests of companies. . Specific support is provided to develop ICT skills through all education levels in formal education. Adjusting vocational and higher education to labour market needs (PRÕM+) By the intervention, work-based learning is expanded in priority fields and target groups (foremost youths). The quality and accessibility of the process of internship and work-based learning (incl. training of company and school instructors, cooperation between schools and companies in developing and implementing internship and work-based learning, evidence based and cooperational learning (benchlearning), development activities) are ensured. The cooperation of employers and educational institutions in developing an internship system and work-based learning is supported. Various work-based learning models are piloted, e.g. in fields that are priority in the cooperation between schools, small businesses, and professional associations. National skills competitions are carried out as well as development programs for competitors and instructors and the circle of instructors is expanded so as to ensure more successful performance in the international competition. The main target groups Text field [1 000] - Educational institution teams (educational institution teams, teachers, incl. teachers in vocational schools, lecturers, heads, support specialists), youth workers, internship instructors, universities (incl. lecturers and researchers), education officials, policy makers, institution that organizes quality assessment, assessors, companies, employers, potential teachers entering the profession, support specialists and heads, learners in higher education studying under the sector’s curricula, educators in the education and youth field, learners, target groups and stakeholders in education and youth fields, general public - Institutions and stakeholders related to science communication and research education, students in different levels of education, general public - Higher education institutions, vocational education institutions, learners (incl. SEN students), employer organizations and professional associations, Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 - Learners (incl. SEN), employers, incl. SMEs, vocational educational institutions, institutions of higher education Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Interventions help to harmonize study opportunities with the development needs of society and the labor market and improve equal opportunities. The so-called learner-centered approach covers all students, especially the most vulnerable students with a different mother-tongue and lower socio-economical background. Special measues will be taken if needed in order to support specific groups (e.g. targeted measures and activities based on gender, measures targeted to vulnerable groups or regions at risk) based on concrete situation and analyses. Measures aimed at education and training workforce help to develop their methodological and didactical competence for the purpose of implementing learner-centered approach, incl. supporting of learners with SEN, learners with different mother tongue etc. Equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are addressed in the activities through setting the requirements and conditions for the participants (non-discriminative access), composition of the selection bodies/committees (e.g. gender balance in the composition of the bodies/committees), evaluation and selection procedures (non-discriminative principles and procedures for project evaluation and selection). Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Whole of Estonia The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.6.3.2 Indicators Table 85: Result indicators Priori Specifi Fun Category ID Indicator Measurem Baselin Referen Target Sourc Commen ty c d of region [5 [255] ent unit e or ce year (2029) e of ts [200] objecti ] referen data ve ce [200] value 4 e ESF Transiti Participan participan 70% 2020 12560 + on ts gaining ts (75% of qualificati all on upon participan leaving. ts) 4 e ESF Transiti Share of % of all to be to be to be + on students students specifie specifie specified studying d d in priority study fields 4 e ESF Transiti Number of number of 0 NA 13 + on higher institution (new education s activity institution ) s who have Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 completed quality developm ent projects Participan participan 69% 2020 2250 ts gaining ts (75% of qualificati all on upon participan leaving (2) ts) Table 86: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 4 e ESF+ Transition Total number of participants (education and youth 3800 16 750 participation workers) events participating in trainings (minimum 32 academic hours) 4 e ESF+ Transition narrow field 2 3 Number of priority (according to study fields supported ISCED 2013) 4 e ESF+ Transition Number of higher 13 13 education institutions number of participating in institutions quality development projects 4 e ESF+ Transition Total number of 800 3000 participants in work- participants based training 2.1.6.3.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 87: Dimension 1 – intervention field Category of Specific Priority No Fund Code Amount (EUR) region objective 4 ESF+ Transition e 145 15 690 673 4 ESF+ Transition e 148 9 597 817 4 ESF+ Transition e 149 57 586 899 4 ESF+ Transition e 150 48 406 791 Table 88: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 89: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 90: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 91: Dimension 5 – ESF+*, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.4. Specific objective (f) promoting equal access to and completion of, quality and inclusive education and training, in particular for disadvantaged groups, from early childhood education and care through general and vocational education and training, and to tertiary level, as well as adult education and learning, including facilitating learning mobility for all and accessibility for persons with disabilities 2.1.6.4.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] With the intervention we target following country specific recommendations for Estonia (2019)  Population is decreasing and ageing. There is increased pressure on the labour market, health care and social system due to demographic changes. In a context of low birth rates and a declining working-age population, the quality of human resource is a key issue for Estonia's competitiveness and sustainability. In a situation where few generations are entering the labour market, it is necessary to ensure that they are able to participate to the maximum in social and working life.  Prevention of early school leaving and supporting inclusive education for children and youth with disabilities and enhancing the equal and timely access to related services  Increasing participation in active and preventive labour market measures. The activities cover a noteworthy part of the population in Estonia: as at January 1, 2019 there were 374,811 children and youths (aged 0-26) in Estonia, making up 28.3% of the entire population. By reference to ESF+ priorities, national developments, and challenges faced by children and youths, activities are planned in these areas: I Youth work measures to support enrollment into the labor market To reduce risk behavior and prevent the risk of exclusion in youths, improvement of regional accessibility of youth work and involvement of youths in youth work is supported. 1) Local municipalities are offered support in joint planning of youth work services, incl. support to raising municipalities’ strategic planning capability and establishing implementation models as well as sharing best practices, networking, and joint offering services. 2) To plan, implement, and assess the effect of quality services that meet youth needs, functioning and further advancement of the developed youth monitoring and analysis system is supported. 3) To support youth competitiveness and improve readiness for employment, implementation of innovative programs that are aimed at youths and focus mainly on social entrepreneurship is supported. II Provision of support measures to NEETs Relying on youth work institutions, additional support is provided to youths not in employment, education, or training (NEET). The objective of the support service is to locate NEETs, motivate them, and activate them by offering them personalized support services. Additional resources are directed into mobile youth work (i.e. street work), within the framework of which first contact is established with youths and on which initial involvement of the youths in program activities depends. III Educational support services Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Further development of educational support services system. State supports local municipalities in organizing educational support services and ensures the functions of the Pathfinder centres network. The aim of the Pathfinder network is to support the development and learning of all children and youths and to promote the principles of inclusive education. The Pathfinder network offers services to children, learners, their parents, teachers, support specialists etc. The services are based on unified standards, provision is aligned with the education and skills goals for 2035 as well as tailored to the regional and local needs. Interventions aimed at children and young people that help to fight the early school leaving and consequently prevent social exclusion. . Children and young people, that have been excluded from education and the labor market and wish to make informed choices for their future, must be supported and empowered. Measures for children and young people will be developed in cooperation with local level and stakeholders (local municipalities, PES, NGO-s etc.). By implementing relevant interventions: 1) we offer young people in all regoins versatile, developing, and interesting activities (incl. youth work opportunities) that support their participation in education or the labor market and prepare them better for life; 2) we help young people with NEET status return to school or the labor market to enable them to self- actualize themselves in the best possible way. 3) we tackle exclusion of children and youths as early as possible, focusing on early detection, prevention of and reaction to the risk of exclusion and early school leaving, The main target groups Text field [1 000] - children aged 1.5 - 7; learners engaged in formal studies, students at risk of dropping out; parents; heads of educational institutions; teachers; support specialists; youth workers and other local municipality specialist and heads - Young people aged 10-19 (including those with NEET status), children and young peoplestudying in general education schools, children and young peopleat risk, parents, teachers; youths aged 10-14, all local municipalities dealing with children and youths, representatives of local institutions, representatives of companies and organizations, NGOs and communities Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Whole of Estonia The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.6.4.2 Indicators Table 92: Result indicators Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Prior Specif Fu Categ I Indicat Measurem Baseli Refere Targ Source Comm ity ic nd ory of D or [255] ent unit ne or nce et of data ents object region [ refere year (20 [200] [200] ive 5 nce 29) ] value 4 f ES Transi Educatio recommen 75% 2019 75% benefici F+ tion nal dation ary's counsell index (%) annual ing reports service custome r feedbac k f ES Transi Proporti % of 68% (2016- 65% benefici F+ tion on of participant 2020) ary's NEETs s annual particip reports ating in support measure s who are no longer classifie d as NEET 6 months after leaving Table 93: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 4 f ESF+ Transition Number of 7500 30000 children and students who counselling receive cases educational counselling services 4 f ESF+ Transition Total number of 19 600 136 900 participants (in participation (incl. (incl. youth work events 2100 10000 services) NEET) NEET) 2.1.6.4.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 94: Dimension 1 – intervention field Specific Priority No Fund Category of region Code Amount (EUR) objective 4 ESF+ Transition f 136 8 846 597 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 4 ESF+ Transition f 152 20 642 061 Table 95: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 96: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 97: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 98: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.5. Specific objective: (g) promoting lifelong learning, notably flexible upskilling and reskilling opportunities for all taking into account entrepreneurial and digital skills, better anticipating change and new skills requirements based on labour market needs, facilitating career transitions and promoting professional mobility 2.1.6.5.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] To achieve a swift recovery from the economic and labour market impact of the COVID-19 crisis support to people re-and upskilling is needed. Skills development gives great benefits in restoring the sustainable growth of economy to maintain and advance technically innovative and competitive economy and welfare. The EU’s move to a resource-efficient, circular, digitised and climate neutral economy and the wide deployment of artificial intelligence and robotics also need substantial support to adults training. People need access to a broad set of skills, combining digital with job specific and transversal skills. Although participation in adult learning is improving, in-service training and retraining of adults is currently not taking place fast enough to keep pace with labor market trends and future skills needs. Also, there are great gender and regional inequalities in participation, also older people are less interested in life long learning. Therefore developing qualitative and flexible lifelong learning opportunities is priority. However, fragmentation of the training market, lack of information about non-formal learning opportunities, lack of user- friendly ways to access the information and shortcomings with the quality evaluation system pose challenges to providing quality non-formal training. Heterogeneity of students and the need for balance between studies and work will add to the increasing need for flexible and quality studying opportunities. Skills anticipation and monitoring system OSKA has launched successfully but further reforms and cooperation are implemented to reform the whole professional qualifications system. Skills descriptions, classifications and national databases do not match and do not provide evidence for a comparable overview of populations skills needs. The process of amending occupational standards is inflexible and does not allow for an efficient reaction to the needs of the labour market. Incentives and cooperation formats for educational institutions and employers and for modernization of content should be significantly more efficient. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Skills (self) assessment and validation opportunities of acquired skills and microqualifications (microcredentials) are still insufficient and of uneven quality, and do not support individuals in planning their studies and career. Innovative technologies, automation, digitalisation and prolonged life expectancy make it increasingly important to provide more reskilling and upskilling opportunities and non-stationary formal education for adults. Interventions address shortcomings in developing skills and the capacity of the education and training system in providing quality non-formal training that is in line with the needs of the labour market. Training must be contemporary, of high quality and flexible. Adult education has to take into consideration the regional differences and has to address the needs of different age groups and also non-Estonian population. The planned activities have to ensure that the skills of the adult population are in line with the needs of the post-corona society, recovering economy and the labour market short-term and long-term needs. Awareness raising, outreach and popularisation activities aimed to adults are implemented to increase participation in lifelong learning, improve learning related attitudes and raise awareness of lifelong learning and the importance of self- improvement. Accessibility of information on reskilling and upskilling opportunities is improved. Working adults whose skills need updating or are outdated are provided with contemporary, high quality flexible reskilling and upskilling non-formal trainings which take into account the skills needs forecast of OSKA system and are in line with the needs of economy and labour market and considering regional needs and the needs of groups in risk. The main target groups for upskilling include, in particular, the working-age population and working adults without professional education, with low or outdated skills, adults who need additional specific skills to increase the added value of their work, adult trainers. Adults with low level of education and skills are supported to continue their studies in non-stationary formal education to ensure that their skills could meet the requirements for further career and study paths. The measures are planned with the aim to develop the ability of educational institutions in providing quality training (including development of new programs, microqualifications (microcredentials) and development of trainersʼ skills). Activities are initiated to promote non-formal training quality framework. Quality assessments of providers of non-formal training are carried out. Principles, requisites and requirements applicable to micro-qualifications (micro-credentials) are developed and implemented in order to better harmonize reskilling and upskilling training with skills demand and future skills need. To support flexible study paths, opportunities are enhanced to apply the system of validation of non-formal and informal learning (VÕTA) in the education and professional qualifications system. The study path counselling capacity is improved by providing training for adult study path counsellors and assessors. Involving social partners as well as employers by establishing and implementing inclusion practices in recognizing and validating non-formal and informal studies. Validation of non-formal and informal studies is developed, incl. development of instructive and assessment materials and other tools necessary to support lifelong learning and digital solutions for recording training history. Professional qualifications system reform is initiated for a better inclusion of the skills requirements of the economy into qualifications. Skills classification will be updated, skills descriptions will be unified in qualification databases and the above connected to ESCO. The skills anticipation and monitoring system OSKA will be further developed to better monitor, analyse and forecast skills demand and labour supply of labour market. OSKA will also monitor the implementation of proposals made for the purpose of improving skills and labour force accessibility. Methods will include the use of additional data sources (big data and data mining). Displaying and sharing of information of OSKA results and future skills needs to different target groups will be considerably widened and improved. The main target groups Text field [1 000] Employers, adult learners, training institutions, teachers and training instructors of adult learners, local municipalities, social partners. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Special measues will be taken if needed in order to support specific groups (e.g. targeted measures and activities based on gender, measures targeted to vulnerable groups or regions at risk) based on concrete situation and analyses. Also equality, inclusion and non-discrimination are addressed in the actions through setting the requirements and conditions for the participants (non-discriminative access), composition of the selection bodies/committees (e.g. gender balance in the composition of the bodies/committees), evaluation and selection procedures (non- discriminative principles and procedures for project evaluation and selection). Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Estonia, regions The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.6.5.2 Indicators Table 99: Result indicators Prior Specif Fu Catego I Indicat Measure Baseli Refere Target Sour Comme ity ic nd ry of D or ment ne or nce (2029) ce of nts object region [ [255] unit refere year data [200] ive 5 nce [200 ] value ] 4 g ESF Transit Particip Nr of 93% 2020 56000 Applies + ion ants people (85% of only to gaining (nr of all particip a participat participa ants in qualifica ions) nts) non- tion formal upon educaat leaving ion Table 100: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 4 g ESF+ Transition Total number of 16500 66000 participants (in Nr of people continuing (nr of education participations) trainings) 4 g ESF+ Transition Number of 1250 5000 participants in formal education participants reintegration activities for adults Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2.1.6.5.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 101: Dimension 1 – intervention field Specific Priority No Fund Category of region Code Amount (EUR) objective 4 ESF+ Transition g 151 81 631 006 Table 102: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 103: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 104: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 105: Dimension 7 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.6. Specific objective (h) fostering active inclusion with a view to promoting equal opportunities, non-discrimination and active participation, and improving employability, in particular for disadvantaged groups 2.1.6.6.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] Social, labor market and healthcare related, and law enforcement problems of children and young people are interconnected and preventable. Investing in children and young people is the most cost effective way to prevent and solve the Estonian state’s significant challenges related to economics, employment, social protection, law enforcement, and healthcare. Those areas are also linked with education, its supportive services and youth work that are covered under SO (f) In relation to children and youth the interventions are concentrated on enhancing the equal and timely access services supporting integrated measures for active inclusion and preventing the risk behaviour with the engagement of local communities and civil society. By reference to ESF+ priorities, national developments, and challenges faced by children and young people, activities are planned in two areas: 1) Interventions aimed at children and young people that prevent social exclusion. It is important to offer children and youth, as well their parents quality services based on relevant target group needs needs by also improving the competencies of specialists working with them. Increasingly, topics related to mental health are more important in the target group of children and young people. Measures for children and young people will be developed and implemented in cooperation with local level and stakeholders (local municipalities, NGO-s etc.). Systematic and network-based inclusion of the young people and the empowerment of communities requires the development and deployment of civic initiative. 2) Creation of a comprehensive child protection system, including cooperation between different levels and sectors. Organization and integration of services aimed at children and young people, developing networking Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 and case management models and service arrangement systems to provide support to children and young people, including provision of support to local municipalities in service organization. By implementing relevant interventions, we support the implementation of the European Child Guarantee: 1) we prevent causes of mental health issues and risk behaviours in youths as well as youths becoming involved in persistent offences; 2) we offer all youths versatile, developing, and interesting activities (incl. youth work opportunities) that support their participation in education or the labor market and prepare them better for life; 3) we ensure for children and youth suitable services and sufficient support for their physical and mental health, intellectual and social development; 4) we create a basis for the next generation of civil society leaders and participants 5) we develop cross-sectoral cooperation in child protection and support the renewal of the support system for children with special needs. Activities which are related to local municipalities are jointly planned within 3 ministries. Local municipalities have support from the state level to implement activities. This includes financial support as well as advice to local government professionals, the development of methodological guidance materials and assessment tools, and training, supervision and networking. The intervention is based on the principle that the better the adaptation and integration of permanent residents, new immigrants, and returning residents, the greater their wellbeing in Estonia and the more cohesive Estonian society is. Successful adaptation and integration, integration in the labour market, and participation in community life of new immigrants, permanent residents of other nationalities, and returning residents in turn supports the safety/security of Estonian society and economic development: employed individuals bring tax income and advance consumption as well as participate in civil society and lifelong learning. The interventions planned reduce a burden on the social system as well as risks related to public order, security, social exclusion, ethnic conflicts, and radicalization etc. Intervention mechanisms use services that support Estonia’s (as the host society) capability to cope with cultural diversity horizontally and, on the other hand, support target groups’ adaptation and integration with a stress on regional aspects. Consider the vast majority of ethnic minorities in Estonia resides in Ida-Virumaa and Harjumaa including Tallinn. This is 26% of the total Estonian population. Only 4% of ethnic minorities lives elsewhere in Estonia. The capability of Estonian society to cope with diversity and to foster active inclusion with a view to promoting equal opportunities and active participation, and improving employability for immigrants, returning residents, and permanent residents of other nationalities is supported by the following integrated measures with the engagement of local communities and civil society: 1. Strategic communication related to migration, adaptation/civic orientation, and integration to understand the migration processes and shape an objective opinion. Without strategic communication, conflicts may emerge between nationalities and communities. Conflicts are also fostered by contacts between diverging values, attitudes, and identities in context of distrust and scant resources as well as by sensing unfairness and danger and by spreading of incorrect facts. It is important to find by way of an open debate in society a consensual balance point in issues related to migration, adaptation/civic orientation, and integration. Otherwise, social cohesion is weakened and threats public order and security emerge from nationality and community related conflicts. In addition, biased information and perceptions hinder successful employment and labour market integration of target groups. The clearer and more coordinated the organization and fact related base of migration, adaptation/civic orientation, and integration related communication in Estonia, the more efficiently can be organized and carried out relevant migration, adaptation/civic orientation, and integration policies. Clearly managed expectations and direction of such expectations fosters emergence of social cohesion. Within the framework of communication, different opinions and attitudes are reconciled to find balance points based on democratic values. 2. Development of the regional capability among local municipalities, public and private sector organizations, incl. culture and sports related institutions, and NGOs in the domain of integration and adaptation/civic orientation. Services aimed at immigrants, incl. strategic development thereof, has thus far predominantly been the responsibility of the central government. Local municipalities provide, within their competencies, local services to immigrants; however, they lack a strategic understanding of their role, function, solutions, and expectations in supporting adaptation/civic orientation and longer-term integration of new Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 immigrants. At the same time, the number of municipalities with new immigrants and returning residents within Estonia tends to expand, which means that new destinations, such as Pärnu, will emerge alongside larger centres. Under this measure regional municipalities such as Narva and Ida-Virumaa (northeast), Tartu and Tartumaa (southeast), Tallinn and Pärnu (south-west) receive targeted support to develop local level integration strategies and targeted measures with integration pathways. By supporting local municipalities, public and private sector organizations, and NGOs, we help them independently provide to immigrants additional adaptation/civic orientation and integration services on a wider scale and assist immigrants in being involved in civil society. Culture and sports related institutions and NGOs are empowered in providing services to residents whose first language is not Estonian. 3. Language learning possibilities should be provided not only in the formal education system by considering the relevant target group needs but also in non-formal training and through other innovative language learning methods that support developing communication skills for everyday life. For the purpose of developing and practicing work related Estonian and improving readiness to work in an Estonian-speaking environment, it is effective to provide language learning opportunities and language support by way of labour market measures, enabling youths and adults whose first language is other than Estonian to participate in job related exchange programs and job shadowing and to utilize mentor support in an Estonian- speaking work environments. Language learning opportunities are also provided to imprisoned persons in order to promote their integration. In addition to language learning, a language environment that supports language practice through intercommunity contact at different cultural and sporting events, language cafes and culture clubs must be established. Next to language learning, learning opportunities related to civics and citizenship as well as national defence are provided to raise relevant awareness. Within the framework of early childhood education, the methodology of early language learning must be developed in kindergartens and a seamless continuation of professional teaching methods in teaching Estonian in basic education must be ensured. Early language learning is essential in order to ensure sufficient language skills for higher/further education and success in the labour market. In VET and in upper-secondary education, compensation measures to improve the learners’ language skills should be developed and implemented. Shortages of Estonian language teachers and trainers as well as the lack of high quality learning and teaching materials should be addressed, collaboration between educational and research institutions (universities) should be promoted with the purpose of improving the methodological quality of language teaching. 4. Implementation of an adaptation/civic orientation program. The adaptation/civic orientation program supports emergence of social cohesion and reduces risks in terms of non-adaptation and non-integration in Estonian society of new immigrants and returning residents. It also helps to increase migrants active participation in labour market, provides necessary information and tools to access education, especially children who have born abroad and adults who have school aged children. The program gives new immigrants basic knowledge in topics related to functioning of the Estonian state and society, organization of daily life, work and entrepreneurship, studying, science, and family life. The program enables foreigners that have recently settled in Estonia and returning residents to cope independently, find required information, and successfully participate in the labour market, lifelong learning, and society, including civil society, at large. The adaptation/civic orientation program set up a favourable premise for further integration of foreigners, helps foreigners contribute to society more quickly, and reduces risks of intercommunity conflict as well as other risks. New immigrants (incl. short-term workers and their family members) are among other things provided with work related information and counselling in relation to Estonian labour market, incl. issues related to rights and obligations, for the purpose of ensuring for new immigrants high employment and active participation in Estonian labour market. It is important to ensure the systematic provision of the adaptation/civic orientation program by municipalities to ensure the involvement of local authorities in the provision of the service as well as the consistent use of feedback in the design of other services. The coherent intervention logic that will foster active inclusion and participation, to improves the employability and guarantees equal opportunities for immigrants, returning residents, and permanent residents of other nationalities will also complement several other interventions planned and contribute to other SO-s addressed under ESF+, such as alleviating the problems in the labour market, promoting socio-economic integration, enhancing the equal and timely access to labour market and social services, promoting the inclusion of inactive people and reducing the risk of poverty or social exclusion. Therefore, larger target groups will be benefitting from the remarkable synergy created by the strong linkages with other interventions and SO-s. The healthy synergy between ESF and AMIF also will be guaranteed. Measures implemented under the ESF+ are aimed at promoting socio-economic integration of new immigrants, permanent and returning residents. The focus of AMIF would be on early intervention measures and the primary and rapid response in supporting the adaptation and integration in the principle of one-stop-shops right after the arrival of third country nationals to Estonia, e.g. support person service, information and participation activities, counselling (migration advisory Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 service etc.), pre-departure measures etc. Special attention goes to the persons granted international protection. The compiling process of the AMIF programme has started; therefore, it is possible to avoid double financing and to ensure complementarity. The main target groups Text field [1 000] - Parents, children and young people with serious traumatic experience; children inalternative care, alternative care service providers; young people entering life from foster care; parties engaged in assessing the situation of children, specialists working with children, local municipalities; specialists working with children and young people and their representative organizations, universities, relevant professional association; young people incl. those with NEET status - Suspects and accused persons, probationers, imprisoned persons of up to 29 years of age involved in the criminal justice system. Specialists handling children and young people involved in the criminal justice system - Children and young people at risk, parents, all local municipalities dealing with children and young people representatives of local institutions, representatives of companies and organizations, NGOs and communities Children and young people arriving from EU states and third countries, incl. children and youth of families temporary staying in Estonia; in formal education permanent residents whose first language is other than Estonian; local municipalities (owners of ECEC and schools), officials and staff; teachers and other members of education institutions teams in ECEC; VET, general secondary education, researchers and teacher trainers; adult learners and teachers of Estonian language as a second language, teacher trainers; researchers, universities’ and higher education institutions’ staff; imprisoned persons; individuals whose first language is other than Estonian; employers; new immigrants, incl. third country nationals, EU citizens and their family members; local population; public, private, and third sector institutions that come into contact with new immigrants; individuals of other nationalities and ethnic groups residing in Estonia. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. In the field of children and youth, the planned interventions include both universal and targeted activities. The activities are aimed at different target groups taking into account their specifics. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] By reference to relevant intervention logic, measures are aimed at 1) the whole of Estonia (improvement of diversity related societal capability). 2) Considering the geographical distribution of immigrants and permanent residents of other nationalities (nearly 30% of the general population in Estonia), special attention is paid to Ida-Viru County and Harju County, incl. Tallinn, where most of the representatives of the target group reside (8.8% and 17% of the general population, respectively). Measures are also aimed elsewhere where representatives of the target group constitute a significant part of the population in the local municipality (Tartu, Pärnu, Valga etc). The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.6.6.2. Indicators Table 106: Result indicators Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Prior Specif Fu Catego I Indicato Measure Baseli Refere Target Sour Comm ity ic nd ry of D r [255] ment ne or nce (2029) ce of ents object region [ unit refere year data [200] ive 5 nce [200 ] value ] 4 h ESF Transit Particip participan 70% 2020 7500 trainin + ion ants ts (75% of gs gaining all related a participa to qualifica nts) languag tion e upon learnin leaving g and/or integrat ion 4 h ESF Transit Percenta % 74 2020 80 + ion ge of (percenta benefici ge) aries of the measure who have complet ed the planned activitie s for the target group 4 h ESF Transit A cross- 0 2020 1 4 + ion cutting child protecti on model is develop ed 4 h ESF Transit Measure 0 2020 5 4 + ion s for children and youth in risk are develop ed Table 107: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 4 h ESF+ Transition Total number of participation 2500 10000 participants (in events language and integration- related training (minimum 32 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 academic hours)) 4 h ESF+ Transition Number of services 1 4 electronic language learning services to be created 4 h ESF+ Transition A cross-cutting model 0 1 child protection model is implemented 4 h ESF+ Transition Measures for Nr of 2 5 children and measures youth in risk are implemented 4 h ESF+ Transition Total number of 1500 6000 participants) participants 2.1.6.6.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 108: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 4 ESF+ Transition h 152 102 420 255 4 ESF+ Transition h 154 8 428 729 4 ESF+ Transition h 158 2 195 788 Table 109: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 110: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 111: Dimension 6 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 112: Dimension 7 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.7. Specific objective (k) enhancing the equal and timely access to quality, sustainable and affordable services, including services that promote the access to housing and person-centred care including healthcare; modernising social protection systems, including promoting access to social protection, with a particular focus on children and disadvantaged groups; improving accessibility Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 including for persons with disabilities, effectiveness and resilience of healthcare systems and long-term care services 2.1.6.7.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] The intervention includes development of activities that support independent living and empower local communities, coordination and integration of different policy fields in order to facilitate the accessibility of high- quality social services and increasing social workers and other workforce competence and skills. The aim of the intervention is to develop a comprehensive long-term care (LTC) system which prevents, reduces and helps to cope with the care needs, promotes people's independent living and coping and supports caregivers. The cornerstones of such system are: 1) good overall coordination, 2) well-designed modern working methodology and knowledgebase 3) well-functioning and regionally accessible social services, 4) professional social workers and other workforce in LTC, 5) supported by investments into the contemporary social services infrastructure (please see chapter on investments into infrastructure). Good overall coordination and well designed modern working methodology and knowledgebase  An important component of LTC is the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation system, which includes necessary data warehouses, data exchange systems and instruments. Currently, there is lack of intra-sectoral cooperation, coordination between the national and local levels, social and health sectors, and a shortage of innovation.  In order to establish a functioning system, it is necessary to increase the capacity of policy makers both at national and local level and service providers, as well as cooperation between actors in field.  One of the aims of the actions supported is to empower communities, clients and their umbrella organizations. For this, it is necessary to raise their awareness and support actions which will increase the use of innovative digital and technological solutions. Involvement of public sector but also private and non-profit sector and as educational research institutions is of crucial importance for success..  Support for the use of innovative solutions includes enabling a wider use of different assistive technologies both at home environment and in the provision of different services. Also, activities that promote the quality, availability and effective monitoring must be supported. Well functioning and regionally accessible social services  Estonian social policy aims at establishing conditions and supporting life in dignity, independent coping, living at home and participation in the society of people with mental special needs and elderly as long as possible. Estonia has established new services (for example interval services), is piloting person-oriented service models in local governments and established sheltered work service. The precondition for independent living is the existence of high-quality social infrastructure and availability of social services that help to prevent institutionalisation.  To increase the uptake of innovative solutions, it is necessary to support local initiatives. It contributes to improving the accessibility and quality of services; integration and coordination of services; person- centred service provision; supporting people’s daily coping and well-being in their homes; new support measures for elderly, who do not have abilities to cope alone, but need less assistance than provided in care homes, new measures for new target groups (for example addicts with mental disorders, people with autism etc), enabling flexible working conditions for the elderly and people with special needs and people with care burden; supporting healthy and active aging; more effective resolution of complex problems; mobilizing additional resources to address social issues.  One of the goals is to support the development and provision of services for people with dementia.  Projects related to the community-led local development will be supported to maximize community involvement and to help communities meet the region's challenges and promote innovative solutions. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021  Professional social workers and other workforce in LTC Changes in services also lead to the need for new skills. In order to meet the demand for skilled labour force in the social protection sector, there is a need to bring in additional specialists to the sector and raise the skills of those already working there. LTC services and assistance are currently provided in more than 80,000 service places, while the actual need is for at least 132,000 places. This means that the relevant demand for labour force is even greater than estimated in 2016 in the OSKA report.  It is necessary to develop the study programmes. This includes basic formal education, in-service training, work-based learning, etc. Establishing qualification requirements for people working in the field and raising the competencies of people already working there (trainings, developing study materials, etc.). Special attention will be paid to professionals working with children. Supported activities include basic training and in-service training of specialists.  There is a need to popularize occupations in the social welfare sector and to support entry into the sector. The problem is that large proportion of people study in social field, do not continue working there after graduation. According to the survey which analysed the success rate of people who graduated vocational and higher education level in the field of health and social welfare, only 54% and 58% of them worked in the sector afterwards. Social and behavioural sciences give students universal skills that can be applied in different sectors, so it cannot be expected that even if their employment rate is high, that they will go directly to work with people who need services. Popularisation of social welfare has to be done in cooperation with universities and employers and there should be other support measures like supervision, counselling and other workplace-based measures.  Activities related to the improvement of qualification of the social workforce, which do not fit into the intervention “Improving the quality, inclusiveness, effectiveness and labour market relevance of education and training systems including through validation of non-formal and informal learning, to support acquisition of key competences including entrepreneurial and digital skills, and by promoting the introduction of dual-training systems and apprenticeships”, will be covered under this intervention. It must be taken into account that the qualifications base of the social workforce starts with curricula and training that meet the needs of the labour market, ie high-quality in-service and advanced training. Social field can contribute, in particular, to finding providers of special training and, if necessary, to obtaining training in topics that are specific to a narrow target groups or in nature, and which are not practical to develop, for example, within the framework of higher education. Changes in services also lead to the need for new skills. There is lack of intra-sectoral cooperation, coordination between the national and local levels, social and health sectors, and a lack of innovation. There are not enough skills to develop and provide modern and people-centered services, including lack of digital competences. As a result, the sector, including local governments, is unable to provide people with quality services, and as a result, the pressure on social protection costs is constantly increasing. It is necessary to develop the study programmes. This includes basic formal education, in-service training, work-based learning, etc. Establishing qualification requirements for people working in the field and raising the competencies of people already working there (trainings, developing study materials, etc.). Special attention will be paid to professionals working with children. Supported activities include basic training and in-service training of specialists. The main target groups Text field [1 000] - People with special needs - People with care need - People with dementia and their family members - People with care burden or with a potential to develop a care burden - Local governments (LG) and communities - Social Insurance Board - Social-, employment- and healthcare policy makers - Social-, employment- and healthcare workers and service providers - Social-, education-, employment- and healthcare sector - (Technology) companies - Parties of the guardianship system - Private and non-profit organizations Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Estonia. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.6.7.2. Indicators Table 113: Result indicators Prior Specifi Fu Catego I Indicat Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sour Comme ity c nd ry of D or [255] ment unit ne or nce et ce of nts object region [5 refere year (202 data [200] ive ] nce 9) [200 value ] 4 k ESF Transit Number of + ion people 4 k ESF Transit Number Number 0 2020 8500 + ion of particip ants whose coping has improve d or maintai ned 4 k ESF Transit Number Number 0 2020 3600 + ion of particip ants whose situation related to the burden of care has improve d 4 k ESF Transit % + ion 4 k ESF Transit % + ion Table 114: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 4 k ESF+ Transition Nr 4 k ESF+ Transition N/A 4 k ESF+ Transition Nr 4 k ESF+ Transition Recipients of 900 11100 social welfare Number of services people 2.1.6.7.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 115: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 4 ESF+ Transition K 161 48 160 000 Table 116: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 117: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 118: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 119: Dimension 5 – ESF+*, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.8. Specific objective (ii) improving equal access to inclusive and quality services in education, training and lifelong learning through developing accessible infrastructure, including by fostering resilience for distance and on-line education and training 2.1.6.8.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] Intervention logic is in line with and complementary to the interventions planned under the Specific Objective on improving the quality, effectiveness and labour market relevance of education and training systems and help to tackle such challenges as supply of the education and training workforce and insufficient responsiveness of education and training to the changing skills needs. In order to ensure quality education and a resource-efficient network and infrastructure of educational institutions, it is necessary to take into account demographic changes in regions as well as to review the content of education and the responsibilities and roles in the education system. It is planned to develop and implement the concept of regional education centers, which on the one hand favors co-operation in general, vocational and higher education and on the other hand between education and the Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 world of work. Changes due to population decline and aging have the greatest impact on Ida-Virumaa, South- Eastern and Central Estonia and regions further away from the centers. In areas with a below average socio- economic situation, declining population and with large share of permanent residents of other nationalities it is necessary to find special solutions that take into account the cultural environment and development background of the area.There will be the following main strands shaping the investment possibilities: 1) Investments supporting the collaboration between educational institutions, including VET schools, general education schools, non-formal learning providers as well as higher education (for example, including regional colleges of the universities). The projects will be selected based on the partnerships-based concept of educational consortia and in full alignment with regional and local circumstances. Projects should help to deliver high quality upper secondary education programs in collaboration between at least VET and general education institutions, where appropriate including also higher education and non-formal learning providers as well as basic schools (when necessary to facilitate the transitions from secondary education to upper secondary level). Small scale investments will be targeted at creating modern quality learning and teaching environments, including infrastructure for digital learning, as well as reconstruction and modernization of already existing infrastructure necessary to deliver a high quality upper secondary education programs in collaboration between several education institutions. Intervention helps to reduce the gaps in the educational attainment and regional disparities. Priority will be given to projects in regions with large share of permanent residents of other nationalities and higher risks of early school leaving of youth, and to projects that would have a positive impact on promoting innovation as well as cooperation between schools and companies to improve the quality of work-based learning and apprenticeship type of training. 2) Investments into reorganisation of the basic school network, allowing for reconstruction of education infrastructure aiming at reorganizing and optimizing the basic education provision and proactively mitigating the impact of demographic changes in regions with below average socio-economic situation, with most declining and aging population focusing on quality and accessibility of education for all students. To be granted support, projects must be sustainable in the long term (according to prognosis for learner places until 2035), must contribute to quality criteria in education, including impact assessment of project outcomes on education workforce working conditions and quality of learning and teaching environments, and support the cross-use of educational resources and facilities for formal education, non-formal and informal learning for youth and adults to cooperate with educational centers, especially in thelower secondary school level.. As a result of the projects, prescribed resource efficiency criteria should be achieved considering the regions´ educational institutions network as a whole as well as other facilities used for provision of non-formal and informal learning for young people and adult learners in the community. All buildings and facilities constructed or reconstructed under this strand should be compliant with the accessibility, energy efficiency and other horizontal criteria. 3) Investments that enable enhancement of and support to inclusion of individuals with special needs in general schools, VET schools as well as youth work institutions. Investments in the study environment are supported so as to facilitate implementation of the principles of inclusive education in education and in youth work 44. Implementation of abovementioned interventions will be supported by measures to promote quality assessment and quality and innovation management of education. The development and introduction of a complex service that is focused on management of the school network and schools and is based on an evidence- based school / school network quality management methodology suitable in different circumstances across the school network will be supported. This is a knowledge-based way to provide a toolbox for the local municipalities to monitor and plan the input, processes and impact of the activities to modernize the school network and improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning. The main target groups Text field [1 000] - Students, teachers, local municipalities, state; - Local municipalities, school heads, educational institutions (school managers, teachers). Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 While making investments into development of the basic school network the focus is on regions with declining and aging population, with large share of population with migrant background and with lower socio-economic background. This approach safeguards inclusion and quarantees equal access to good quality education. Urban regions of Tallinn and Tartu are excluded from basic school network support activities The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.6.8.2 Indicators Table 120: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 6 ii ERDF Transition Area of modernised 3000 25000 square metres facilities Table 121: Result indicators Priorit Specific Category ID Indicator Measureme Baselin Referen Targe Sourc Commen y objecti of region [5 [255] nt unit e or ce year t e of ts [200] ve ] referen (2029 data ce value ) [200] 6 ii ERD Transiti Square square 8,3 (by 2020 <=11, F on metres per metres per end of 5 pupil in pupil 2020) schools that received support in the process of rearrangeme nt of the education network 2.1.6.8.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 122: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 6 ERF Transition ii 122 72 000 000 Table 123: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 124: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 125: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 126: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.6.9. Specific objective (iii) promoting the socioeconomic inclusion of marginalised communities, low income households and disadvantaged groups including people with special needs, through integrated actions including housing and social services 2.1.6.9.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] Main challenges from the social sector perspective of the LTC concern the availability, adequacy and quality of LTC services, expanding the choice of service providers, improving the qualification and motivation of workforce, and improving the financial sustainability of LTC. There is a clear need to increase the public funding of LTC, implement more cost effective approach and support local governments to increase the provision of home based LTC services. Considering future needs and expenditure demands, Estonia needs to explore new financing models for LTC. Based on the work of LTC task force in 2016-2017 and initial reform proposals, adopted in 2018, the Cabinet of Ministers approved the LTC care management and financing model in January 2020. The model, prepared together with social partners, stakeholders and experts, will be state and local goverments’ co-operation model. The organisation of LTC care services shall be done in state-local government partnership. The state shall take more responsibility to develop and provide those LTC services, which are not reasonable to develop and provide on local level. State and local governments’ contribution shall be increased in order to improve the accessibility and quality of long-term care services. The intervention aims to support activities which help to implement the long-term care (LTC) reform and support the integration of the health and social sectors through investments in infrastructure based on the principle of deinstitutionalization (DI) and fully supporting people's independent living and coping. Transition from institutional based care to cooperation, coordination, and integration between the health and social care sectors in an integrated way is necessary to ensure the sustainability of social protection and health care systems and to provide comprehensive assistance to people. The intervention has two main action lines, which in the end form an integrated package. The first action line is oriented to the social welfare sector. Main activities are related to investments which enable to provide additional community based services for people, who cannot cope alone at home, but need less assistance than provided in general care homes. This need includes redevelopment of existing infrastructure for creating infrastructure for new intermediate service type between home care and general care and adaption of homes to enable independent living and prevent institutionalisation, development of home care based services and establishment of community based special care services. In the reorganisation of special care services, the principle of close to home shall be applied. While developing services and infrastructure, the priority is to retain contact with family of origin and enable people to get support from their families and move from more light services when person is ready for less assistance and more Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 independence. Taking into account the increasing number of people with dementia, investments in their supporting infrastructure, including general care homes, are needed. Support will be given to activities aimed at encouraging the private and non-profit sector to invest in the social welfare domain; increased use of technology and innovative solutions in the social protection sectors will be encouraged both for the purpose of improving access to local governments, state services, and educational and research institutions and involving the private sector. The aid system is expanded by supporting obtainment of assistive technologies in homes. The second action line is oriented on the healthcare sector and the aim is to create integrated health and welfare centers. All the investments support promoting living at home or within the community as well as support activities that improve coping, while improving people’s quality of life and hindering increase in the cost of care. For the provision of integrated health and welfare services (basic health and general hospitals, specialized care and community services; social welfare services provided close to home), establishment of a sufficiently functional infrastructure or adjustment of existing infrastructures in smaller counties into integrated welfare centers is commenced. Establishment of the first integrated welfare centre is underway in Viljandi County, however, establishment of such county centers is reasonable also in other counties. In 2015, Estonian Health Insurance Fund (EHIF) commissioned a study from the World Bank, which resulted in a project on the integration of health and social services in cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs and Viljandi Hospital. As a result of the project, a regional cooperation model was created between the hospital, primary care and social sector, which can be applied elsewhere in Estonia. As a result of the project and also from the cofunding from European Regional Development Fund, Viljandi will be the first in Estonia to build a new county welfare center that meets modern needs and is economically viable, contrary to the current situation in other counties where the hospital building in use is are too large, their planning is inadequate and their fixed and operational costs are overwhelming. The goal is to reach to the same result also in other counties and to provide people with timely and effective services. All the investments in health care will be based on the person-centerd integrated hospital master plan which is developed with the support of Structural Reform Support Programme (SRSP). A comprehensive mapping of the current hospital system is prepared which will show the supply of healthcare in different specialties, the distribution of physical and human resources, the financial flows, and the mechanisms of governance and information sharing. Based on this a sound analytical prediction model is developed, which will provide evidence-based estimates of the population needs and the supply of health workforce and healthcare services and infrastructures. The master plan will enable to make investment decisions to establish a sustainable hospital network that is integrated with outpatient specialist care, primary healthcare and social services. The main target groups Text field [1 000] - Individuals in need of care, incl. the elderly, people with cognitive disorders, individuals with difficulties in social coping - Local municipalities, communities, non-profit associations, private sector, healthcare and social sector service providers, incl. specific labor force), family members of individuals in need of care, i.e. potential individuals subjected to the burden of care - Healthcare and social domain (service providers, incl. specific labor force) Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Estonia, regional level The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] n/a The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 n/a 2.1.6.9.2 Indicators Table 127: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 6 iii ERDF Transition Number of 0 2 number modernised hospitals 6 iii ERDF Transition Number of dwellings 0 4695 and services places number created or adapted Table 128: Result indicators Prior Specifi Fun Catego I Indicat Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sour Comme ity c d ry of D or [255] ment unit ne or nce et ce of nts object region [5 refere year (202 data [200] ive ] nce 9) [200 value ] 6 iii ER Transit Annual users/yea 0 2020 3756 DF ion users of r new or moderni sed social care dwelling and service places 2.1.6.9.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 129: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 6 ERF Transition iii 127 95 600 000 Table 130: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 131: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Table 132: Dimension 6 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 133: Dimension 7 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.7. ADDRESSING MATERIAL DEPRIVATION This is a priority dedicated to youth employment This is a priority dedicated to innovative actions This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (m) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ Regulation This is a priority dedicated to support to the most deprived under the specific objective set out in point (l) of Article 4(1) of the ESF+ Regulation This is a priority dedicated to urban mobility specific objective set out in point (viii) of Article 3(1)(b) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund Regulation This is a priority dedicated to ICT connectivity specific objective set out in point (v) of Article 3(1)(a) of the ERDF and Cohesion Fund Regulation 2.1.7.1. Specific objective (m) addressing material deprivation through food and/or basic material assistance to the most deprived, including children, and providing accompanying measures supporting their social inclusion 2.1.7.1.1 Interventions of the Funds Types of support Text field [2 000] The funding is used to provide food and basic material assistance, food donations and accompanying measures to the target group. Despite improvements, poverty, social exclusion and income inequality are high in Estonia. In 2018, 21.7% of Estonian population lived at risk of poverty and 2.4% in absolute poverty. Compared to 2017, the share of people at risk of poverty decreased by 0.2 percentage points and the share of those living in absolute poverty decreased by 0.3 percentage points. The at-the-risk-of-poverty decreased for single person households, i.e. people living alone, as well as among single parents. By age groups, the gap is smallest among older persons (aged 65 and older), although in the last decade, it has widened slightly each year. By age groups, the gap is smallest among older persons (aged 65 and older), although in the last decade, it has widened slightly each year. Social transfers, i.e. state benefits and pensions, helped to prevent falling into poverty. Without including these in income, 39.1% of the population would have been at risk of poverty and 22.7% in absolute poverty. The risk of poverty rate remained at the level of 20.9% among young people aged 16–24. Among children under 18, the at-risk-of-poverty rate increased by 1,9 percentage points to 17.1% in 2018. At the same time, the absolute poverty rate of children fell from 2.5% in 2017 to 1.6% in 2018. There has been a decrease in the share of older people living at risk of poverty – the rate among persons aged 65 and older fell from 46.4% in 2017 to 43.1% in 2018. In 2019, 7.6% of the population in Estonia lived in deprivation. The deprivation rate was the highest among the elderly (at least 65 years old) (10.4%) and the lowest in the 18–24 year-old age group (5.3%). Main target groups Text field [2 000] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 People at the absolute poverty, homeless, people at the risk of poverty. Decryption of the national or regional schemes of support Text field [2 000] The general objective of the intervention is to enhance social inclusion and contribute to the objective of eradicating poverty, including child poverty, in Estonia. More specifically, the most deprived persons are provided food and basic material assistance and social inclusion activities. Providing food enables to establish better contact with the person in need and thereby to involve her in other services and/or support, incl. for example, referring to active labor market services, social welfare services, access to education and training that in the long run could contribute to improving the individual’s socio-economic situation and reduce the need for assistance. The following activities are planned to achieve this goal: 1) Making food and basic material assistance available to the target group and 2) collecting and distributing food donations, which also reduces food waste. Activity referred to in the first point involves either the purchase of food and/or basic material assistance centrally and distribution at the local level or providing the target group vouchers allowing them to purchase/receive the basic food aid and material assistance directly. Activities will be carried out in cooperation with partners such as NGOs, food stores and wholesalers, local governments etc. Mutual learning, networking and promoting social responsibility in the food sector will contribute to the effectiveness of the intervention. Both activities will be complemented by some accompanying measure aimed at alleviating the social exclusion of the most deprived persons. These measures include for example advice and information on nutrition and cooking recipes; on available social services or other types of public and private assistance, on ALM measures, some basic counselling activities and workshops, e.g. on managing a household budget, cooking classes, etc. Some of these are provided directly from other ESF+ interventions aimed at increasing social inclusion and reducing inequalities. The poorest children will be directed to supplementary services as free early childhood education and care, free education, free health care. Criteria for the selection of operations Text field [4 000] In designing the implementation, the starting point is to reach the widest possible target group while paying attention to the nutritional value and quality of the food and the dignity of the beneficiaries. 2.1.7.1.2 Indicators [lisatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Table 134: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category of ID Indicator [255] Measurement objective region [5] unit Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 135: Result indicators [lisatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Priori Specifi Fun Catego ID Indicat Measurem Referen Referen Sourc Commen ty c d ry of [5 or ent unit ce value ce year e of ts [200] objecti region ] [255] data ve [200] 2.1.8. ESTONIA CLOSER TO PEOPLE 2.1.8.1. Specific objective: (i) fostering the integrated social, economic and environmental local development and cultural heritage, tourism and security in urban areas 2.1.8.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] Support is given in the form of grants. Functional urban areas are expected to focus their selected actions on a limited number of challenges that need complex and integrated actions to achieve expected results. The operations are selected in the process of drawing up an urban action plan. In the selection of projects, the representatives of municipalities and other key stakeholders of functional urban areas are involved. All projects must be in accordance with territorial strategies. To support the selection projects and drawing up the action plan for urban area detailed guidelines and networking are foreseen and financing for necessary analyses is made available to all relevant actors. To strengthen the capacity of local authorities to generate projects, consultancy and training will be coordinated centrally (see chapter 2.5.2). Measures under PO2 and PO5 targeted at functional urban areas are planned in an integrated manner, combining interventions solving specific challenges for each functional urban area with interventions targeted at environmental and sustainable mobility bottlenecks in larger urban areas. Synergy with other POs and SOs is achieved by implementing the territorial strategies.Interventions related to promoting sustainable multimodal urban mobility are planned under PO2. Specific objective for urban areas under PO5 focuses on other challenges and development opportunities identified in the process of updating territorial strategies focusing on innovative solutions. Smart solutions (including green solutions) Until now, major Estonian functional urban areas have not utilized enough digital and other smart solutions for provision of services, altering the transport arrangements or making urban space more attractive. Due to the presence of innovative businesses and R&D institutions, cities represent a good environment for testing and implementing innovative solutions. Testing of such solutions would allow solving urgent developmental issues of the cities while supporting their international competitiveness. Support is granted to development, testing and implementation of smart services and solutions provided in the cities (i.e. new e-services, usability of big and open data, e-democracy / inclusion solutions, intelligent systems (incl. for monitoring) and smart grids (traffic, lighting, etc.)). These interventions are also perfected by PO1 intervention logics where companies are supported in RDI investments, innovation is supported and interactions between R&D institutions, universities and companies. The purpose of green solutions projects is to increase biodiversity in urban space, making the urban environment more resilient against climate changes and liveable for people. Activities include the use of biodiversity-enhancing elements and design techniques in urban planning, the creation of species-rich areas, the construction of natural waterways, etc. Urban revitalization of Ida-Viru urban area For Ida-Viru urban area special focus on underused urban areas is needed. As stated in the mid-term evaluation report interventions taken by sustainable urban measures are clearly insufficient to renew deprived and underused urban areas in Ida-Viru county. In case of Ida-Viru county, it is important to continue supporting the development of urban environment by investing in utilization of urban space and renovation of public infrastructure (including cycling infrastructure) in order to make living environment of the urban areas more Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 attractive to qualified labour force and adapt to depopulation. Additional attention must be paid to problems related emptying residential properties that bring along the necessity to develop the city more compact. The impact for citizens and businesses is mainly related to the improvements in urban space, making urban areas more attractive and comfortable for living or economic activity. In the implementation of investments in urban infrastructure or smart solution developments supported the principles of accessibility and universal design are taken into the consideration. The main target groups Text field [1 000] Local governments, public transport centres, enterprises, NGOs, R&D institutions. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. In the implementation of investments in urban infrastructure or smart solution developments supported, the principles of accessibility and universal design should be taken into the consideration. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Integrated implementation of both PO2 (SO (viii) promoting sustainable multimodal urban mobility) and PO5 (SO (i) measures contributes at least 8% ERDF resources to sustainable urban development. Specific objective is implemented in the form of “other territorial tool” and is based on workforce catchment area level strategies, which describe multi-sectoral development challenges and needs of the specific functional region, including the functional urban area within. Strategies are developed in coordination with different local authorities and bodies using bottom-up approach. The strategies describe the main development challenges (incl. economic, climate-related, mobility, demographic and social issues) of the urban centres and their role in the development of the functional urban area and the territorially wider workforce catchment area. Such approach has the benefits of mitigating the negative consequences of urbanization and increasing the positive effects of urban development for the entire workforce catchment area. Therefore, considering urban-rural linkages is vital when planning for the interventions at the territorial strategy level. Functional urban area (target area of this SO) covers both the urban centre as well as the surrounding high- density area with very close ties to its urban centre. The surrounding high-density areas are defined as continuous settlement areas surrounding urban centres with high commuting intensity. Support is targeted to functional urban areas with population exceeding 50 000 – larger functional urban areas of Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu and functional urban areas of Ida-Viru county. These are areas where sustainable mobility and environmental issues (i.e. air quality, green public spaces) are most acute and require more attention than smaller towns (all other towns in Estonia have less than 18 000 inhabitants). The specific geographical target area may vary depending on the interventions and territorial strategies. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] Possible links between different urban interventions could be identified in development strategies, presence and extent of interregional and transnational actions depends on development strategies of urban areas and the activities chosen. Potentially all interventions could complement actions of interregional (INTERREG, URBACT) programmes, as selected development challenges are important on both national and cross-border level. The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.8.1.2 Indicators Table 136: Output indicators Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of unit (2024) (2029) region 8 i ERDF Transition RCO Open space m2 0 80 000 new created or rehabilitated in urban areas 8 i ERDF Transition RCO36 Green ha 10 40 infrastructure supported for other purposes than adaption to climate change 8 i ERDF Transition RCO76 Integrated Nr of projects 2 18 projects for territorial development 8 i ERDF Transition RCO75 Strategies for Strategies 4 4 integrated territorial development supported 8 i ERDF Transition RCO74 Population Nr of population 855 076 855 076 covered by projects in the framework of strategies for integrated territorial development Table 137: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Categor ID [5] Indicator Measure Baseli Refe Target Sour Co orit fic y of [255] ment unit ne or renc (2029) ce of m y objec region refere e data me tive nce year [200 nts value ] [20 0] 8 i ERDF Transiti PSR02 Population Nr of 0 2021 232 000 on benefitting people from open space developed in urban areas 8 i ERDF Transiti RCR11 Users of new Nr of 0 2021 128 000 on and upgraded people public digital services, products and processes 2.1.8.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 138: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 8 ERDF Transition i 131 21 516 000 8 ERDF Transition i 075 2 000 000 8 ERDF Transition i 050 4 000 000 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 8 ERDF Transition i 012 8 000 000 Table 139: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 8 ERDF Transition i 01 35 516 000 Table 140: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 8 ERDF Transition i 33 35 516 000 Table 141: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 142: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 2.1.8.2. Specific objective (ii) fostering the integrated social, economic and environmental local development and cultural heritage, tourism and security in areas other than urban areas. 2.1.8.2.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] Support is given in the form of grants. The projects are selected in open calls where different local authorities are involved in the projects selection process. Projects must be in accordance with territorial strategies. Beneficiaries are expected to focus their selected actions on a limited number of challenges that need complex and integrated actions to achieve expected results. A positive example of using territorial and integrated approach in 2014-2020 period are the regional initiatives to promote employment and entrepreneurial activity. For the purpose of that initiative, all relevant local and regional organisations were brought together and a long-term coordinated plan for the enhancement of employment and entrepreneurial activity in each region was developed. Territorial approach was also used for infrastructure investments where projects were selected in regions involving local and regional organisations, however the co-ordination and integration between individual investments was lacking. A lesson learned from previous period is that it is important to motivate integrated solutions that are developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders and other municipalities of the region. To support the project preparation quality, necessary analyses are supported. To strengthen the capacity of local authorities to generate and execute projects and to involve all relevant actors, consultancy and training will be coordinated centrally as part of this SO. As the population in many regions of Estonia is declining and ageing and in other regions is growing, modern and target-oriented service management capacities should be developed in local governments, incl. the ability to develop smart service and digital solutions. Low development capacity at local level hampers successful implementation of support measures, reforms and policies. Territorial administrative reform has created the Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 prerequisites for a leap in the development of the local government level, but without capacity building, local governments will continue the old path and change in development pace will not take place. While in 2010 69.9% of the country's GDP was produced in Harju County and Tartu County, in 2017 it was already 74.4%, which is at the same time 0.2% less than a year earlier. Of the regions, GDP per capita exceeds the national average only in Harju County (143%), while in some counties it is below 50% of the national average. Although entrepreneurial activity has been steadily increasing in all counties since the economic crisis, it has been faster in the urban areas of Tallinn and Tartu with the highest economic activity and slower in the areas with the lowest entrepreneurial activity. There are also remarkable regional differences in access to capital and qualified workers. Besides Hiiumaa the slowest growth and lowest level of entrepreneurial activity is still in Ida-Viru County. Several analyses have shown that export growth leads to raise of gross wages. Therefore, it is important that support for innovation, growth and competitiveness and other business development support activities (including under PO1) will help regional companies to become more export-oriented and move further in the value chain and efficiency by adding more value to local resources. Ida-Viru county differs from the rest of Estonia by persisting higher unemployment rate, underdevelopment of basic infrastructure, unutilized buildings, large share of industrial wasteland and low value of residential property. Just Transition Fund proposition by EC complements investments in that territory already planned by other POs and national schemes. Attractive regional business and living environment: Business environment attractiveness differs a lot in regions: outside capital region the population is ageing and decreasing, bringing along the lack of qualified workforce and the low value of the real estate hinders the access to capital for local companies that would like to invest in increasing the added value of the products/services. Potential of LGs has been underused in developing attractive business environment. Public sector support to increase entrepreneurship, development and innovation capabilities and provision of region-specific support services, will make businesses outside capital region more competitive and benefit more from PO1. To strengthen the role of local governments in development of business environment and to increase the attractiveness of regional business environment requires supporting a variety of different actions in integrated manner. Such actions may include promotion of tourism and destination management, developing business networks, centres of excellence and clusters in region-specific areas, promoting entrepreneurship and remote work, business diagnostics, training and other activities prescribed in county development strategy. There may also be need to combine such actions with some targeted investments (visit sites, better use of potential of industrial areas and other technical infrastructure necessary for business activities (such as access roads), public urban space, including enlivening town centres and reusing built heritage, product development and business cooperation centres or incubators). Accessible high-quality public services: To grant access to high-quality public services, the measure provides opportunity for service providers in a functional area to plan for an integrated set of actions needed to achieve expected results. Such actions may include development of public services (improved service quality and innovative ways to provide services, e.g. e-services, mobile services, services provided in cooperation with LG, community services, various pilot projects) as well as some adjustments of public services infrastructure (mostly multifunctional service centres or filling caps in the service provision network, promoting sustainable water management). Enhanced capabilities of LG: It is necessary to develop the capability on local and regional level (local governments, local government associations, county development centres, etc.) to implement county development strategy and generate high- impact projects. Necessary interventions include:  research, analyses, expert assessments, consultancy that support economic development and service design as well as design of service network;  development programmes and training of local and regional key participants to support and enhance development capacity (focusing on services, business, labour market, skills and economic development);  supporting network operation (task force and expert groups that comprise the representatives of regional key participants for achieving particular objective). The aim of the research, analyses and expert assessments is to help prepare other projects and to improve projects quality. Trainings and support of network operation are coordinated centrally and made available to all relevant actors at the local and regional level. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Supported activities provide accessible and quality services for citizens and better employment and business development opportunities outside capital region. Expected outcome is:  enhanced R&D capacity of regional businesses and improved cooperation with R&D organizations;  increased value added of regional business;  addition of well-paid jobs;  improved accessibility of high-quality public services;  decreased area of under-used buildings and territories in urban centers;  enhanced LGs capacity to provide high-quality public services;  enhanced LGs capacity to implement strategies, generate and implement projects;  network and organization of services correspond to the needs of declining population. In the implementation of investments in infrastructure principles of accessibility and universal design are taken into account. In the implementation of service development equal non-discrimination participatory and accessibility, principles are taken into account. In the enhancement of capabilities of local governments equal non-discrimination participatory principles are taken into account. The main target groups Text field [1 000] Local governments, county development centres and other regional organizations, SMEs, NGOs, regional water enterprises. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. In the implementation of investments in infrastructure, principles of accessibility and universal design are taken into account. In the implementation of service development, equal non-discrimination participatory and accessibility principles are taken into account. In the enhancement of capabilities of local governments equal non-discrimination participatory principles are taken into account. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] Specific objective is implemented in the form of “other territorial tool” and is based on workforce catchment area level strategies, which describe multi-sectoral development challenges and needs of the specific functional region. In case of Estonia, the functional areas have developed based on a network of towns/cities. Each such town/city acts as a centre for its surrounding rural areas providing specialized services, jobs (as centre of the workforce catchment area), transport connections to other towns/cities. The functional areas (in terms of commuting data) in Estonia greatly coincide with the county borders. The counties in Estonia are the most common co- operation area of providing public services, organizing public transport and providing support services for the enterprises. Due to these reasons after the territorial-administrative reform, the regional level development strategies in Estonia were created all at the county level. Specific objective targets all functional areas in Estonia. Considering the regional development challenges, Tallinn urban area in excluded from the scope of the measure. Special attention is paid to South-East Estonia and Ida-Viru region, to support the catch-up with the rest of the country. When enlivening the smaller town centres, special focus will be given to the ones that are under heritage protection. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] Presence and extent of interregional and transnational actions depends on development strategies and the activities chosen. Border regions collaborate with neighbouring regions (for example Valga-Valka and Narva- Ivangorod twin cities) in order to solve mutual problems, in particular through participation in cross-border programs such as Central Baltic Programme, Baltic Sea Region Programme, Estonia-Latvia Programme, Estonia- Russia Programme. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] n/a 2.1.8.2.2 Indicators Table 143: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID [5] Indicator Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [255] unit (2024) (2029) 8 ii ERDF Transition RCO76 Integrated Nr of projects 42 135 projects for territorial development 8 ii ERDF Transition RCO01 Enterprises Nr of 15 160 supported enterprises 8 ii ERDF Transition RCO02 Enterprises Nr of 0 10 supported by enterprises grants 8 ii ERDF Transition RCO04 Enterprises with Nr of 15 150 non-financial enterprises support 8 ii ERDF Transition PSO02 Number of new Nr of 8 20 training programmes programmes 8 ii ERDF Transition PSO01 Number of Number of 10 70 renewed services services 8 ii ERDF Transition RCO75 Strategies for Strategies 0 15 integrated territorial development supported 8 ii ERDF Transition RCO74 Population Nr of population 780 000 780 000 covered by projects in the framework of strategies for integrated territorial development 2.1.8.2.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 145: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 8 ERDF Transition ii 131bis 83 890 000 8 ERDF Transition ii 121 70 000 000 8 ERDF Transition ii 132 3 500 000 Table 146: Dimension 2 – form of financing Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Table 144: Result indicators Pri Speci Fund Categor ID [5] Indicator Measur Base Refe Targ Sour Comm orit fic y of [255] ement line renc et ce of ents y objec region unit or e (202 data [200] tive refer year 9) [200 ence ] valu e 8 ii ERDF Transitio RCR02 Private Eur 0 2021 9 300 n investments 000 matching public support 8 ii ERDF Transitio PSR03 Number of Nr of 0 2021 50 n projects where projects use of surface or administrative costs reduced min 20% 8 ii ERDF Transitio PSR05 Number of Nr of 0 2021 20 n developed service service networks networks 8 ii ERDF Transitio PSR04 Number of Nr of 0 2021 270 n organisations organisati benefitting from ons integrated projects 8 ii ERDF Transitio PSR06 Number of Nr of 0 2021 2 000 n persons who persons passed the training (to improve their professional competence) Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 8 ERDF Transition ii 01 157 390 000 Table 147: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 8 ERDF Transition ii 37 157 390 000 Table 148: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective Table 149: Dimension 5 – ESF+, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2.1.9. JUST TRANSITION 2.1.9.1. Specific objective: enabling regions and people to address the social, employment, economic and environmental impacts of the transition towards the Union’s 2030 target for climate and a climate-neutral economy by 2050, based on the Paris Agreement 2.1.9.1.1 Interventions of the Funds The related types of actions Text field [8 000] In order to overcome the transition challenges and address the development needs described in Territorial Just Transition Plan, two strands of interventsions are forseen. This approach is chosen to alleviate in the most effective fashion the unique challenges faced by the Ida-Viru region in view of the transition to a carbon-neutral economy by year 2050. Responces to the development needs will have to address effectively both the immediate effects of the transition and the long-term structural changes needed in the Ida-Viru region. The first strand is called “Economy and labour” and aims to solve what most of the local stakeholders and the general population of Ida-Viru perceive as the main challenge of the transition: restructuring and diversifying the local economy and workforce. Actions foreseen as part of this programmatic strand largely correspond to activities described in points a, b, c, d, k, l and m of paragraph 2 Article 8 of the Regulation establishing the Just Transition Fund. The first and foremost challenge of the transiton is transforming the economy of the Ida-Viru region with the view of diversifying it and creating new high value-added jobs. For that reason the main emphasis in the first strand is on supporting grand investments, to attract relatively large industrial developments and to create new businesses with higher value-added jobs. Complementing the investments in fixed assets, support for increasing the knowledge intensity of enterprises is also foreseen. This includes not only research and development (R&D) and innovation activities by enterprises, but also empowering local educational and research institutions, to achieve the long-term effect in the region. As diversification of the economy is identifies as an important developpment need in the transition process, establishing a dedicated support infrastructure for the emergence of a lively ecosystem of microenterprises, start-ups, creative industries, ICT and other auxiliary fields will be paramount to the holistic transformation of the region’s economy. Services in support of economic diversification and SMEs investment grants are provided for that reason. The second major challenge posed by the transition is supporting the people and communities impacted by the transition process. Through the Just Transition Fund (JTF), we will need to provide a safety net for those whose transition will start with losing their income. We need to encourage effective re-profiling and provide comprehensive labor mobility solutions for the employees of the oil shale sector, if we want to avoid long-term unemployment and poverty. Labour market measures, such as Temporary income support to workers who are transitioning into jobs and reskilling and upskilling programmes for the oil shale workers is foreseen. To match the needs of the new businesses in the regions and enterprises developing new business models, the region will need a wider augmented training programme as well, ensuring the up-to-date skills profile that matches the new growth areas. Therefore, increasing the volume of in-service training, vocational and higher education offering is also necessary to achieve the positive results of the transition process. The second strand is called “Environment and social inclusion” and tackles the social, environmental and community aspects of the transition. Actions foreseen as part of this programmatic strand largely correspond to activities described in points d, e, f, g, h, i, j and o of paragraph 2 Article 8 of the Regulation establishing the Just Transition Fund. Alternative climate-neutral heating solutions will also need to be developed for the larger municipalities of Ida- Virumaa, since historically they have been heated by waste heat and gases from electricity production and shale oil production. Intervention for decoupling district heating from oil shale in major towns in Ida-Viru region is planned. During the transition we will need to address the legacy environmental and health effects of oil shale exploitation through rewilding and rehabilitation of contaminated brownfield sites, increasing the region’s circular capacity (while developing it as part of restructuring the economy) and better understanding the health effects of oil shale processing. Support for alleviating environmental and health impacts of oil shale mining and processing is provided to create preconditions for reusing contaminated areas for the needs of other sectors, e.g. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 forestry, brownfield industrial development, etc. To further understand the health effects of oil shale processing, bio-monitoring is carried out, which is one of the most effective methods for assessing human exposure to natural and synthetic compounds in the living and working environment. Empowering people's wellbeing in Ida-Virumaa is also vital for there transition process. A measure for development of social and health services supporting social change is developed to ensure the development of social and health care sectors in order to create a unified and easily accessible network of services in the region, develop better links between the health and social care system, including child protection, and support socio- economic development, thereby contributing to the process of fair transition in Ida-Virumaa. Local municipalities play a key role in the region in mitigating transition impacts and speeding up the transition process. As the municipalities at the same time have to cope with budgetary cut-backs related to decreasing inome from the oil shale sector, investments made by local governments to mitigate the effects of transition will be supported, e.g. in the field of providing social and care services (since a lot of associated activities could previously be performed by the unemployed members of oil shale households), energy performance, which will allow local governments’ to trim their expences, and local mobility in order to knit the region closer together as a labour market. It is important to keep in mind that people are not merely subjects of the transition, but also makers of it. It is paramount to ensure “ownership” of the transition towards a climate-neutral economy by the local community via encouraging individual agency in the process. Support for regional initiatives amplifying the just transition is provided for the communities ans NGOs for activities that result from or contribute to the transition to climate neutrality and are in line with the activities supported under the JTF, e.g. community-based educational and social inclusion initiatives; promotion of environmental awareness and circular practices; social, cultural and other innovation; preservation, development and interpretation of local industrial heritage and identity; youth- oriented and youth-initiated activities, etc. The main target groups Text field [1 000] Both new and existing companies (mostly SMEs), who are interested in job creation and in developing knowledge and technology intensive business model in Ida-Viru county, R&D institutions, higher education institutions, regional organizations, municipalities, communities, non-profit associations, district heating providers, population exposed to environmental and social impacts of the transition process, workers in oil shale sector, learners acquiring adult education. Actions safeguarding equality, inclusion and non-discrimination Text field [2 000] In the preparation and implementation of interventions, the possible impact on equality, inclusion and non- discrimination are taken into account and safeguarding actions taken where relevant. Information about just transition process and support measures will be made available in Estonian and Russian language throughout the implementation process. Ida-Viru has the highest gender pay gap in Estonia and there is a significant labor gap between Estonians and non-Estonians as well, due to the latters' insufficient Estonian skills. In training activities it is important to secure an offering of Russian-language curricula combined with in-depth Estonian language study in order to support the readiness of adult learners to study in a familiar language environment and to secure them with wider career opportunities in different language environments at the same time. Indication of the specific territories targeted, including the planned use of territorial tools Text field [2 000] The specific territories targeted is Ida-Viru county as it is the region most affected by the transiton to climate- neutral economy in Estonia. The use of territorial tools is not planned for JTF but all interventions are developed in close partnership with regional organizations. The interregional, cross-border and transnational actions Text field [2 000] The interregional and transnational actions are not directly covered by the interventions, but the regional development organization (association of local municipalities) is encouraged to participate in the work of the Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Just Transition Platform for support and knowledge related to the just transition in other regions in EU undergoing the similar transition. Ida-Viru county is a border region that collaborates with neighbouring regions (for example Narva-Ivangorod twin cities; Finlands coastal regions across the Gulf of Finland) in order to solve mutual problems, in particular through participation in cross-border programs such as Central Baltic Programme, Baltic Sea Region Programme, Estonia-Russia Programme. The planned use of financial instruments Text field [1 000] The use of financial instruments is not planned in the JTF interventions. Complementarity with other pillars of Just Transition Mechanism is covered in the territorital just transition plan. 2.1.9.1.2 Indicators Table 150: Output indicators Priority Specific Fund Category ID Indicator [255] Measurement Milestone Target objective of region [5] unit (2024) (2029) 9 JTF JTF Transition RCO Enterprises Number of 01 supported enterprises 9 JTF JTF Transition RCO Enterprises Number of 02 supported by enterprises grants 9 JTF JTF Transition RCO / Enterprises Number of 04 with non- enterprises financial support 9 JTF JTF Transition RCO Enterprises Number of 10 cooperating enterprises with research institutions 9 JTF JTF Transition EECO Total number of Number of 11 participants participants 9 JTF JTF Transition RCO Additional MW 22 production capacity for renewable energy 9 JTF JTF Transition RCO Surface area of ha 38 rehabilitated land supported 9 JTF JTF Transition n/a Volume of euro municipal investments 9 JTF JTF Transition n/a Number of Number of participating organisations organisations Table 151: Result indicators Prior Specif Fu Catego ID Indicator Measure Baseli Refere Targ Sourc Comm ity ic nd ry of [5] [255] ment ne or nce et e of ents object region unit refere year (202 data [200] ive nce 9) [200] value 9 JTF JTF Transit RC Jobs Number 0 2021 SFOS ion R created in of jobs / 01 proje Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 supporte ct d entities repor ts 9 JTF JTF Transit RC Private euro 0 2021 SFOS ion R investme / 02 nts proje matching ct public repor support ts 9 JTF JTF Transit RC Small and Number 0 2021 SFOS ion R medium- of / 03 size enterpris proje enterpris es ct es (SMEs) repor introduci ts ng product or process innovatio n 9 JTF JTF Transit RC SMEs Number 0 2021 SFOS ion R introduci of / 04 ng enterpris proje marketin es ct g or repor organisat ts ional innovatio n 9 JTF JTF Transit RC SMEs Number 0 2021 SFOS ion R innovatin of / 05 g in- enterpris proje house es ct repor ts 9 JTF JTF Transit RC Research Number 0 2021 SFOS ion R jobs of jobs / 10 created in proje 2 supporte ct d entities repor ts 9 JTF JTF Transit EE Participa Number 0 2021 SFOS ion CR nts of / 03 gaining a participan Statis qualificati ts tics on upon Eston leaving ia 9 JTF JTF Transit EE Participa Number 0 2021 SFOS ion CR nts in of / 04 employm participan Statis ent, ts tics including Eston self- ia employm ent, upon leaving 9 JTF JTF Transit RC Estimate t CO2eq 0 2021 SFOS ion R d / 29 greenhou proje ct Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 se gas repor emissions ts 9 JTF JTF Transit RC Rehabilit ha 0 2021 SFOS ion R ated land / 52 used for proje green ct areas, repor social ts housing, economic or other uses 9 JTF JTF Transit n.a Public Number 0 2021 SFOS ion services of / with services proje approved ct quality repor ts 9 JTF JTF Transit n.a Additiona euro 0 2021 SFOS ion l funding / matching proje public ct support repor ts 2.1.9.1.3 Indicative breakdown of the programme resources (EU) by type of intervention Table 152: Dimension 1 – intervention field Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 9 JTF Transition JTF 002 9 JTF Transition JTF 003 9 JTF Transition JTF 004 9 JTF Transition JTF 010 9 JTF Transition JTF 011 9 JTF Transition JTF 012 9 JTF Transition JTF 013 9 JTF Transition JTF 020 9 JTF Transition JTF 021 9 JTF Transition JTF 023 9 JTF Transition JTF 024 9 JTF Transition JTF 025 9 JTF Transition JTF 026 9 JTF Transition JTF 027 9 JTF Transition JTF 028 9 JTF Transition JTF 043 9 JTF Transition JTF 045 9 JTF Transition JTF 053 9 JTF Transition JTF 066 9 JTF Transition JTF 069 9 JTF Transition JTF 072 9 JTF Transition JTF 081 9 JTF Transition JTF 085 9 JTF Transition JTF 120 9 JTF Transition JTF 126 9 JTF Transition JTF 138 9 JTF Transition JTF 144 9 JTF Transition JTF 147 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 9 JTF Transition JTF 148 9 JTF Transition JTF 149 9 JTF Transition JTF 150 9 JTF Transition JTF 156 9 JTF Transition JTF 157 9 JTF Transition JTF 158 9 JTF Transition JTF 160 9 JTF Transition JTF 161 Table 153: Dimension 2 – form of financing Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 9 JTF Transition JTF 01 339 740 000 Table 3: Dimension 3 – territorial delivery mechanism and territorial focus Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 9 JTF Transition JTF 32 339 740 000 Table 154: Dimension 4 – ESF+ secondary themes Priority No Fund Category of Specific Code Amount (EUR) region objective 9 JTF Transition JTF n/a 339 740 000 Table 155: Dimension 5 – ESF+*, ERDF, CF and JTF gender equality dimension Priority No Fund Category of region Specific objective Code Amount (EUR) 3. FINANCING PLAN 3.1. Transfers and contributions Programme amendment contribution to InvestEU related to transfer to instruments under direct or indirect management transfer between ERDF, ESF+, Cohesion Fund or to another Fund or Funds Table 156: Transfers between ERDF, ESF+ and Cohesion Fund or to another Fund or Funds * (breakdown by year) [lisatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Transfers from Transfers to Breakdown by year Category of region Category 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 Tota Fund Fund (where of region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 l relevant ) ERDF More ERDF, develope ESF+ or d Cohesio Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Transfers from Transfers to Breakdown by year Category of region Category 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 Tota Fund Fund (where of region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 l relevant ) Transitio n Fund, n EMFAF, Less AMIF, develope ISF, d BMVI ESF+ More develope d Transitio n Less develope d Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Transfers from Transfers to Breakdown by year Category of region Category 202 202 202 202 202 202 202 Tota Fund Fund (where of region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 l relevant ) Cohesio N/A n Fund EMFAF N/A Table 157: Transfers between ERDF, ESF+ and Cohesion Fund or to another Fund or Funds (summary) ERDF ESF+ Cohes EMF AM IS BM To ion AF IF F VI tal More Transi Less More Transi Less Fund develo tion develo develo tion develo ped ped ped ped ERDF More develo ped Transi tion Less develo ped ESF+ More develo ped Transi tion Less develo ped Cohes N/A ion Fund EMFA N/A F Total Justification [3500 characters; lisatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 3.2. JTF: allocation in the programme and transfers 3.2.1. JTF ALLOCATION TO THE PROGRAMME PRIOR TO TRANSFERS BY PRIORITY Table 158: JTF allocation to the programme in accordance with Article 3 JTF Regulation, prior to transfers JTF priority 1 Total 3.2.2. TRANSFERS TO THE JTF AS COMPLEMENTARY SUPPORT N/A – Estonia is not planning to transfer ERDF or ESF+ to JTF. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 3.3. Financial appropriations by year [täidetakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Table 159: Table 10: Financial appropriations by year 2026 2027 2026 Financial Financial Category for Fund 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 appropriation appropriation Total of region Flexibility EMFAF Flexibility without without amount only amount flexibility flexibility amount amount ERDF More developed Transition Less developed Outermost and northern sparsely populated Total Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2026 2027 2026 Financial Financial Category for Fund 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 appropriation appropriation Total of region Flexibility EMFAF Flexibility without without amount only amount flexibility flexibility amount amount ESF+ More developed Transition Less developed Outermost and northern sparsely populated Total Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2026 2027 2026 Financial Financial Category for Fund 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 appropriation appropriation Total of region Flexibility EMFAF Flexibility without without amount only amount flexibility flexibility amount amount JTF Article 3 JTF Regulation resources Article 4 JTF Regulation resources Article 7 JTF Regulation resources (related to Article 3 JTF Regulation resources) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2026 2027 2026 Financial Financial Category for Fund 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 appropriation appropriation Total of region Flexibility EMFAF Flexibility without without amount only amount flexibility flexibility amount amount Article 7 JTF Regulation resources (related to Article 4 JTF Regulation resources) Total Cohesion N/A Fund EMFAF N/A Total 3.4. Total financial appropriations by fund and national co-financing [täidetakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Table 160: Table 11: Total financial allocations by fund and national contribution Basis for Indicative Policy/JT breakdown of calculation F specific National national Co- Union Union objective Priority contributio contribution Total financing support Category contribution number n rate (total Fund of Breakdown of Union contribution or (a)=(b)+(c)+(i)+ publi privat eligible cost region* technical (j) c e or public assistanc contributio (g)=(a)+( (h)=(a)/( e (d)=(e)+(f) (e) (f) n) d) g) Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Union contribution Flexibility amount without for without for technical technical technical technical assistanc assistanc assistanc assistanc e e e e pursuant pursuant pursuant pursuant to to to to Article Article Article Article 36(5) 36(5) 36(5) 36(5)*** (b) (c) (i) (j) Priority P/T ERDF More 1 develope d Transitio n Less develope d Outermo st and northern sparsely populate d Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Priority ESF+ More 2 develope d Transitio n Less develope d Outermo st and northern sparsely populate d Priority JTF Article 3 3 ** JTF Regulatio n resource s Article 4 JTF Regulatio n resource s Total Priority Cohesion Fund 4 Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Technica Priority ERDF or ESF+ or l 5 JTF or Cohesion assistanc Technica Fund e l assistanc e pursuant to Article 37 CPR Total ERDF More develope d Transitio n Less develope d Outermo st and northern sparsely populate d Total ESF+ More develope d Transitio n Less develope d Outermo st and northern sparsely populate d  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 JTF* Article 3 * JTF Regulatio n resource s Article 4 JTF Regulatio n resource s Total Cohesion Fund Grand total 4. ENABLING CONDITIONS 4.1. Thematic enabling conditions Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 1.1 Good ERDF 1) developing and YES Smart specialisation strategy(ies) 1. YES Estonian Criteria are fulfilled with the new Estonian Research and governance enhancing research shall be supported by: 2. YES Research and Development Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development of national and innovation 1. Analysis of challenges Development Plan 2021–2035 (TAIE 2021-2035) approved by government 3. YES or regional capacities and the including bottlenecks for Innovation and on 29 October 2020. smart uptake of advanced 4. YES Entrepreneurshi innovation diffusion specialisati technologies 5. YES p Development 2. Existence of competent on strategy 6. YES Plan 2021–2035 regional / national institution or body, responsible for the 7. YES  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition management of the smart (https://mkm.ee specialisation strategy /et/eesmargid- 3. Monitoring and evaluation tegevused/areng TAIE tools to measure ukavad) performance towards the objectives of the strategy 1. Peer Review of the Estonian Research and Innovation system: 4. Functioning of stakeholder The Estonian government requested specific support from the co-operation Horizon 2020 Policy Support Facility (PSF) to support the work ("entrepreneurial discovery of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications process") (MoEAC) and Ministry of Education and Research (MoER) in 5. Actions necessary to improve preparing to produce a joint research, development, innovation national or regional research and entrepreneurship strategy for the period 2021-2027 and and innovation systems, onwards, via a general assessment of the effectiveness of the where relevant research and innovation (R&I) system, and a specific assessment of the role and impact of the R&I system in 6. Where relevant, actions to promoting added-value creation. support industrial transition 7. Measures for enhancing cooperation with partners 2. Shared responsibility of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and outside a given Member State Communications and Ministry of Education and Research; a in priority areas supported steering committee is being established (TAIE juhtkomisjon). by the smart specialisation 3. Annual reports will be submitted; also steering committee strategy. meetings will be held regularly, to monitor the progress of the strategy. At least two mid-term evaluations are planned. In addition an additional study for renewal of the governance model and monitoring system for smart specialization policy in Estonia will be finalized by May 2021. 4. According to the Estonian Research and Development Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Plan 2021– 2035 (TAIE) new governance model and implementation model will be introduced, including renewed stakeholder co-operation process in the framework of TAIE focus areas. 5. A redesigned applied research and experimental development programme will be launched in February 2021. 6. According to TAIE, the transition from a linear economic model to a circular economy, the adaptation of companies'  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition business models to low-carbon and circular economy-friendly and sustainable and environmentally sustainable technology developers and deployment will be supported. 7. Measures to support the creation of higher added value products and export will be introduced as envisaged in TAIE. 1.2 ERDF v) enhancing digital A national or regional broadband 1.YES The national broadband plan is mainly part of „Estonian e-state National or connectivity plan is in place which includes: 1a. SHALL strategy for 2025“ where problems are defined and goals will be regional 1. An assessment of the BE agreed. broadband investment gap that needs COMPLETE 1a. Detailed mapping on VHC networks will be done 2021 or plan to be addressed to ensure D NO 2022 (before giving state aid). ECC art 22 obliges national that all Union citizens have LATER regulatory authority to conduct the mapping by 21 December access to very high capacity THAN 2021 2023. networks10, based on: 1b. NO 1b. Consultation on planned investments in VHC networks will a) a recent LATER be done after the mapping. mapping11 of THAN 2021 2. Appropriate public intervention conditions will be set with existing private 2.YES minister decree for applying support. and public 2a.YES 2a. In Estonia there are approximately 60 000 households in infrastructure 2b.YES sparsely populated areas, where state aid is needed to build and quality of VHC networks. 5G corridors/areas market failure will be service using 2c.YES determined. standard 3.YES broadband https://www.netikaart.ee mapping 4.YES 2b. Consultations with stakeholders to find the best investment indicators 5.YES model will last until summer of 2021. b) a consultation 2c. The future state aid measures will include all appropriate on planned available financing sources. investments in line with State 3. EU Broadband Cost-Reduction Directive was transposed into aid Estonian national legislation in 2016. Additional changes to requirements relevant legislation as also been done to reduce red tape costs. For example, when installing new fibre-optic cables on existing 10 In line with the objective defined in article 3(2)(a) in conjunction with recital 24 of the [Proposal for a] Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Electronic Communications Code]. 11 In line with article 22 of the [Proposal for a] Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing the European Electronic Communications Code].  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 2. The justification of planned electricity poles, no additional permits need to be applied from public intervention on the the municipality and in case of building the cable line that basis of sustainable connects broadband network termination point with access investment models that: point in end-users premises, no notification needs to made to the a) enhance municipality. affordability 4. The function of Broadband Competence Office is fulfilled by and access to the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, who open, quality coordinates with other relevant bodies: Ministry of Finance and future- (regional development, state aid, ESIF funds etc.), Ministry of proof Rural Affairs (rural development), National Regulatory infrastructure Authority (mapping, market analysis, access regulation). and services 5. Estonian National Regulatory Authority manages a database, b) adjust the forms where address level data on broadband speeds can be of financial monitored (www.netikaart.ee) assistance to the market failures identified c) allow for a complementary use of different forms of financing from EU, national or regional sources 3. Measures to support demand and use of Very High Capacity (VHC) networks, including actions to facilitate their roll-out, in particular through the effective implementation of the EU Broadband Cost- Reduction Directive12 12 Directive 2014/61/EU  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 4. Technical assistance and expert advice mechanisms, such as a Broadband Competence Office, to reinforce the capacity of local stakeholders and advise project promoters 5. A monitoring mechanism based on standard broadband mapping indicators 2.1 ERDF i) promoting energy YES 1. A national long term 1. YES Long-term 1. To meet this requirement, new national strategy for Strategic and efficiency and renovation strategy to 1a.YES Building reconstruction of buildings was adopted on 9 July 2020. policy CF reducing greenhouse support the renovation of the Renovation Notification on the new strategy was sent to the European 1b.YES framework gas emissions national stock of residential Strategy Commission (see article 4 of the Energy Efficiency Directive to support and non-residential 1c.YES (https://ec.euro 2012/27/EU and paragraph 4 of the Estonia’s Energy Sector energy buildings is adopted, in line 2. YES pa.eu/energy/sit Organization Act). efficiency with the requirements of es/ener/files/do 1a. New strategy includes requirements outlined in article 1 renovation Directive 2018/844 cuments/ee_ltrs_ section 2 subsection 2a of the Energy Efficiency Directive of amending Directive 2020.pdf) 2018/844/EU. The necessary analysis was partially written in residential 2010/31/ EU on the energy ”Estonia’s National Development Plan of the Energy Sector until and non- performance of buildings, 2030”, but no indicative targets for 2030, 2040 or 2050 were set National residential which: in the document. Within the framework of the “National Development buildings a. Entails indicative Development Plan of the Energy Sector until 2030” research Plan of the milestones for 2030, 2040 Energy Sector development programme, more detailed studies were and 2050 until 2030 commissioned that contributed to the preparation of new b. Provides an indicative (https://www.m “Estonia’s Long-term Building Renovation Strategy” that sets outline of financial km.ee/sites/defa out indicative milestones for the existing building stock (2030 – resources to support the ult/files/enmak_ 22%, 2040 – 64% and 2050 – 100%) in chapter 7.1. implementation of the 2030.pdf) 1b. The requirement is met with the new” Long-term Building strategy Renovation Strategy” (described in chapter 7.2) and partially c. Defines effective covered with the annual state budget strategy process. The mechanisms for “National Development Plan of the Energy Sector until 2030” has promoting investments in indications, but they are outdated. building renovation 1c. The requirement is met with the new “Long-term Building Renovation Strategy” as the “National Development Plan of the  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 2. Energy efficiency Energy Sector until 2030” does not cover the requirement. improvement measures to Effective mechanisms for promoting investments are described achieve required energy in chapter 10. A separate study was also commissioned by the savings Ministry of Finance of Estonia during the previous programming period (2014-2020). 2. The requirement is met with the Energy Sector Organization Act (https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/502092016001/consol ide/current) chapter 8. Government Actions in Promoting Energy Efficiency and Developing Energy Services and Long- term Building Renovation Strategy” chapter 10. Measures (https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/ee_ ltrs_2020.pdf). 2.2 ERDF i) promoting energy YES The National Energy and Climate 1. YES “National Energy 1. The requirements are met by the “Estonia’s 2030 National Governance and C efficiency and Plan is notified to the Commission, and Climate Plan Energy and Climate Plan” that was submitted to the European 2. YES of the F reducing greenhouse in accordance with the provisions until 2030” Commission on December 2019. energy gas emissions of Article 3 of Regulation (EU) https://ec.europ 2. The National Energy and Climate Plan include the targets and sector 2018/199913 and in consistency a.eu/energy/site measures to promote low-carbon energy under the section “3. with the long-term greenhouse s/ener/files/doc Policies and Measures” and “ 5.3. Overview of investment gas emission reduction objectives uments/ee_final_ needs”. under the Paris Agreement and necp_main_en.pd includes: f 1. All elements required by the template in Annex I of that14 13 Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 328, 21.12.2018, p. 1). 14 Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action, amending Regulations (EC) No 663/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Directives 94/22/EC, 98/70/EC, 2009/31/EC, 2009/73/EC, 2010/31/EU, 2012/27/EU and 2013/30/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, Council Directives 2009/119/EC and (EU) 2015/652 and repealing Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 2. An outline of envisaged financing resources and mechanisms for measures promoting low-carbon energy 2.4 ERDF iv) Promoting climate YES A national or regional disaster 1.YES 1. Contingency plans for climate change, such as storms and Effective and change adaptation, risk management plan, 2.YES large-scale forest and landscape fires, and floods in densely disaster CF: and disaster risk established on the basis of risk populated areas were prepared in Estonia by July 1, 2019. They 3. YES risk prevention, resilience, assessments, taking due account were based on risk analyzes, which in turn took into account the manageme taking into account of the likely impacts of climate “Estonian Future Climate until 2100” climate scenarios nt eco-system based change and the existing climate developed by the Environmental Agency. The emergency risk framework. approaches adaptation strategies, is in place assessments (based on the Emergency Act § 9: and includes: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/516052020003/consolide ) 1. A description of key risks, were renewed in December 2020, include among other things assessed in accordance with measures to reduce the risk of an emergency (prevention, the provisions of Article 6 (1) preparedness and response measures). More information can be of Decision No found from the Ministry of the Interior’ website: 1313/2013/EU15, reflecting https://www.siseministeerium.ee/et/siseturvalisuse- current and evolving risk valdkond/kriisireguleerimine profile. The assessment shall or from the Rescue Board’ website: build, for climate related https://www.rescue.ee/et/haedaolukorra-riskide-hindamine . risks, on climate change 2. In Estonia, risk analyzes have been prepared for three projections and scenarios. emergencies caused by climate change (storms, floods in 2. Description of the disaster densely populated areas, large-scale landscape and forest fires). prevention, preparedness Capability analysis is an integral part of emergency risk analysis. and response measures to The capacity analysis describes the activities needed to prevent, address the key risks prepare for and respond to the emergency. The analysis also identified. The measures shall describes the preparedness of the authorities, stakeholders and be prioritized in proportion the capabilities available. That icludes description of the to the risks and their responsible authorities, capacity gaps and measures to prevent economic impact, capacity gaps, bringing out possible alternatives and their estimated cost. gaps16, effectiveness and 15 Decision No. 1313/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Union Civil Protection Mechanism 16 As assessed in the risk management capabilities assessment required under Article 6 (b) of Decision 1313/2013  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition efficiency, taking into account The capability analysis identifies significant and critical possible alternatives capability gaps separately and prioritizes (with finances) 3. Information on financing capability gaps (agency budget, application for additional resources and mechanisms funding through national budget strategy, external resources available for covering the etc). operation and maintenance A summary of the national emergency risk assessments was costs related to prevention, submitted to the European Commission by the end of December preparedness and response 2020 (according to the UCPM Article 6 (1d): https://eur- lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02013D1313-20190321) 3. The operational and maintenance costs of emergency prevention, preparation and response shall be covered by the budgets of the agencies, the Government Reserve and, in the case of major emergencies, also by the EU Solidarity Fund. Relevant information is available to the authorities. Due to the decentralized system, the authorities responsible for the organisation of an emergency, according to the Emergency Act are also responsible for their own budget planning in their field of expertise. The Government regulation annex 108: “List of events that could lead to an emergency and that are subject to a risk assessment, and the authorities in charge of preparing an emergency risk assessment” establish following events and authorities, who are responsible to assess the risks: 1) Rescue event – the Rescue Board; 2) Police event – the Police and Border Guard Board; 3) Cyber incident – the Information System Authority; 4) Radiological or nuclear accident – the Environmental Board; 5) Health care event – the Health Board; 6) Infectious animal disease – the Veterinary and Food Board; 7) Event caused by the malicious or terrorist use of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear material (added in May 2020) – the Internal Security Service.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition This time, the focus is on the impact of climate change on emergencies. It is also planned to better prioritize capacity gaps and appropriate measures. 2.6 Cohes vi) promoting the YES Waste management plan(s) are in 1.YES National Waste As a state of play - the criteria are fulfilled partly and is based on Updated ion transition to a circular place in accordance with Article 2. YES Management the existing National Waste Management Plan (NWMP) and its planning Fund economy 28 of Directive 2008/98/EC as Plan (NWMP) implementation report. It will be fulfilled fully via the extention 3. YES for waste amended by Directive EU 2014-2020 of the National Waste Management Plan 2014-2020 which also manageme 2018/851/EU and covering the 4. YES addresses the Article 28 of Directive 2008/98/EC as amended https://www.en nt entire territory of the Member vir.ee/et/eesmar by Directive EU 2018/851/EU and covering the entire territory State and include: gid- of the Member State. The extension is yet to be approved by the 1. An analysis of the current tegevused/jaatm Government but is scheduled for February 2021. waste management ed/riigi- The extension is an intermediate step that is required to fully situation in the jaatmekava- cover the respective criteria, but it is also provisional, as the key geographical entity 2014-2020 analysis for future waste framework are still ongoing. Estonia concerned, including the has undertaken with the expertise of the World Bank a “Waste * Government type, quantity and source of system analysis” which is financed by the The Structural Reform made a decision waste generated and an Support Programme (EC Contract No. REFORM/GA2020/007) on 25.02.2021 to evaluation of their future and an additional nationally funded study “Current situation, extend the development taking into future potential and necessary measures of the Estonian circular current national account the expected economy and waste sector” which is being conducted by waste impacts of measures set out Technopolis Group Eesti OÜ. Both studies are to be completed in management in the Waste Prevention the first half of 2021. Furthermore, the MoE analysis for the plan and it`s Programme(s) developed in current waste management plan 2014-20 concluded that goals implementing accordance with Article 29 set in NWMP are still relevant. The extension of the NWMP was report of Directive 2008/98/EC as planned to be executed already by the end of 2020, but has been Dokument: „Riigi delayed because of government crisis management in relation to amended by Directive jäätmekava the ongoing COVID situation and additionally due to the current 2018/851/EU 2014–2020“ change in the Estonian government. 2. An assessment of existing täitmise aruanne waste collection schemes, These 2 analyses together with the baseline assessment ja riigi including the material and conducted by the Estonian Environmental Agency, lay the basis jäätmekava territorial coverage of of a renewed waste management strategy as well as for further tagasiulatuvalt separate collection and in depth shaping of the new EU funding period and other actions pikendamine measures to improve its (e.g. plan for marine litter, food waste prevention plan) . (riigikantselei.ee operation, as well as the ) As the current NWMP stipulates the most relevant priority areas and objectives, the proposed waste management support interventions are based on the goals of the National Waste  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition need for new collection A report on the Management Plan and the Waste Framework Directive. schemes implementation In this regard, reduction in waste generation and packaging is a 3. An investment gap of the Waste priority as it leads to reduced costs and environmental impacts assessment justifying the Management throughout the whole product chain. Estonia is also still far need for the closure of Plan 2014-2020 behind in terms of reaching targets for the recycling of municipal existing waste installations https://eelnoud. waste. Efficient and effective waste management needs to be and additional or upgraded valitsus.ee/main developed, including high separate collection rate and waste infrastructure, with /mount/docList/ availability of suitable recycling capacities. an information of the 57a2a100-e94f- In the context of developing a new National Waste Management sources of revenues 4210-bf9c- Plan, following the waste hierarchy will remain a foundational available to meet operation 4f444aea546a concept in the NWMP, and it will be framed around 4 pillars as and maintenance costs *The national follows: 4. Information on how future waste  Sustainable and conscious production and site locations will be management consumption determined and on the plan and its  Promoting waste prevention and reuse capacity of future waste strategic  Increasing safe circulation of materials treatment installations environmental  Consideration of the impact of waste management on assessment are both the human and the natural environment. expected to be Adequate requirements are set in the Waste Act and in the ready in Amended Waste and Packaging Acts. The latter is in ratification November 2022. in the Parliament, but will provide a full legal basis for all planning and strategic approaches in accordance with the Waste Act Article 28 of Directive 2008/98/EC as amended by Directive EU https://www.riig 2018/851/EU and covering the entire territory of the Member iteataja.ee/en/eli State. /521122020002 The criteria will thus be met preliminarily via the extended /consolide NWMP as well as via a new strategic approach. The factual and analytical basis of the considerations: Amended Waste 1. Trends in Estonian waste management 2014-2018, The World and Packaging Bank report “Baseline Review of Estonian Municipal Solid Waste Acts which are Management System”, report on the implementation of the under Waste Management Plan 2014-2020. proceedings in 2. The World Bank report “Baseline Review of Estonian the Parliament, Municipal Solid Waste Management System” and report on the bill SE190 implementation of the Waste Management Plan 2014-2020.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition https://m.riigiko 3. 2020 assessments – situation of organised waste collection in gu.ee/tegevus/e municipalities by Environmental Board and overview of waste elnoud/eelnou/c management in municipalities by MoE. f2190f4-e433- 4. Report on the implementation of the Waste Management Plan 4590-8667- 2014-2020 and the extension of NWMP, supported by analysis 2ae543bcb20f/J for future waste framework (World Bank “Waste system %C3%A4%C3% analysis” and the Technopolis Group Eesti OÜ study “Current A4tmeseaduse% situation, future potential and necessary measures of the 20ja%20pakendi Estonian circular economy and waste sector” seaduse%20muu https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/KKO/Uuringud/1.2_r tmise%20seadus ingmajanduse_indikaatorid_lopparuanne_050719.pdf (in Estonian)) Trends in Estonian waste management 2014-2018 https://jats.kesk konnainfo.ee/fail id/Jaatmekaitlus e_trendid_2014- 2018.pdf Proposal for the preparation of the Environmental Development Plan 2030 https://eelnoud. valitsus.ee/main /mount/docList/ c0dd300d-9028- 40c3-8fbf- ea9de525fd8e  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition Plan for marine litter https://www.en vir.ee/sites/defa ult/files/news- related- files/mereprugi_ plaan_.pdf 3. Cohes ii) developing a YES Multimodal mapping of existing 1.YES 1. ITF/OECD study (financed by the EC SRSS) for the Estonian Comprehen ion sustainable, climate and planned infrastructures, 2. YES, Transport and Mobility Master Plan 2021-2030, which also sive Fund resilient, intelligent, except at local level, until 2030 is indicatively entails the creation of a strategic policy model for the whole of transport secure and intermodal in place which: 2021 Estonia, encompassing all modalities and is to help Estonian planning at TEN-T 1. Includes economic policy makers understand the main drivers of transport activity 3. YES, the assessment of the planned in Estonia and make evidence-based decisions on the future appropriat indicatively development of their transport infrastructure. This will be used investments, underpinned by 2021 e level demand analysis and traffic as an input for the Master Plan (indicatively completed 2021, 4. YES, https://www.mkm.ee/et/eesmargid- modelling, which should take indicatively tegevused/transport/transpordi-ja-liikuvuse-arengukava-2021 into account the anticipated 2021 ). The modelling tool will be able to forecast the evolution of impact of rail liberalisation 5. N/A traffic flows and assess the impact of transport policies and 2. Is consistent with national 6. YES, investments. It will be designed to be a strategic decision making energy and climate plans indicatively tool with a time horizon to 2050. 2021 ITF/OECD study: https://www.itf- 7. YES, oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/passenger-mobility-goods- indicatively transport-estonia.pdf 2021 8. YES, 2. The new Transport and Mobility Master Plan will be in line indicatively with national energy and climate plans. 2021 9. YES, indicatively 2021  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition iii) developing and 3. Includes investments in core 3. The new Transport and Mobility Master Plan will outline the enhancing sustainable, TEN-T network corridors, as general direction of investment priorities in line with TEN-T climate resilient, defined by [Proposal for a network corridor plans. In detail investment plans are reflected intelligent and regulation establishing the in 4 year transport programmes, which are revised annually and intermodal national, Connecting Europe Facility in detail infrastructure investment plans in each respective regional and local and repealing Regulations authority (e.g. Road Administration and Estonian Railways). mobility, including (EU) 1316/2013], in line Current Transport Programme: improved access to with the respective TEN-T https://www.mkm.ee/sites/default/files/ TEN-T and cross- network corridors work transpordi_programm_2020-2023.pdf border mobility plans 4. Complementarity will be ensured with the Master Plan. 4. For investments outside the 5. N/A, deployment of ERTMS is not planned. core TEN-T, ensures complementarity by 6. This will be part of the Master Plan. providing sufficient 7. This will be part of the Master Plan. connectivity of the regions 8. This is included in the Master Plan on a strategic level, main and local communities to the directions in the transport programmes, and in detail activities core TEN-T and its nodes in the Traffic Safety strategy. At the strategic level, the Road 5. Where relevant, reports on Safety Risk Assessment is part of the Transport Development the deployment of ERTMS Plan and more detailed activities are described in the Road according to Commission Safety Program. Funding is provided for the safety of traffic- Implementing Regulation EU hazardous areas, as well as the methodology for selecting traffic- 2017/6 of 5 January 2017 on hazardous areas. the European Rail Traffic Methodology: https://www.mkm.ee/sites Management System /default/files/riigiteede_teehoiukava_2020-2030.pdf European deployment plan 9. Information on the financing resources corresponding to 6. Promotes multimodality, investments will be part of the infrastructure investment plan identifying needs for and in the transport programmes, which will be in line with the multimodal or transhipment Master Plan. Operation and maintenance costs will be covered in freight and passengers strategic level in the transport programmes and in detail in terminals relevant infrastructure management plans for each respective 7 Includes measures relevant authority (e.g. Road Administration and Estonian Railways). for infrastructure planning aiming at promoting alternative fuels, in line with  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition the relevant national policy frameworks 8. Presents a summary of the assessment of road safety risks in line with existing national road safety strategies, together with a mapping of the affected roads and sections and providing with a prioritisation of the corresponding investments 9. Provides information on financing resources corresponding to the planned investments and required to cover operation and maintenance costs of the existing and planned infrastructures 4.1 ESF a) Improving access to YES A strategic policy framework for 1. YES Welfare The strategic framework for active labor market policies is Strategic employment of all active labour market policies in 2. YES Development described in the Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023 policy jobseekers, in the light of the Employment Plan https://www.sm.ee/et/heaolu-arengukava-2016-2023 3. YES framework particular youth and guidelines is in place and (https://www.s . Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023 includes all the target for active long-term unemployed includes: 4. YES m.ee/sites/defau goals for the employment. labour and disadvantaged 1. Arrangements for 5. YES lt/files/content- 1. The Estonian Unemployment Insurance Fund organizes market groups on the labout conducting jobseekers’ editors/eesmargi services in accordance with the Employment Services and policies market, and of inactive profiling and assessment of d_ja_tegevused/S Benefits Act. people, promoting their needs otsiaalse_turvalis One of the objectives of the Employment Program 2017-2020 is self-employment and use_kaasatuse_ja 2. Information on job to support starting entrepreneurs and longevity of new the social economy; _vordsete_voimal vacancies and employment businesses. uste_arengukava opportunities taking into Estonian labor force is constantly monitored through the _2016_2023/hea account the needs of the Estonian Labor Force olu_2016- labour market Survey (https://www.stat.ee/index.php/et/avasta- statistikat/metoodika-ja-  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 3. Arrangements for ensuring 2023_juhtkomite kvaliteet/statistikatood/2020/40701). Aim of the study is to that its design, e.pdf) assess labor market situation and have an overview of economic implementation, activity (employment, unemployment) and working conditions. monitoring and review is 2. OSKA (https://oska.kutsekoda.ee/en/) analysis is Unemployment conducted in close continuously carried out to analyze the needs for labour and Insurance Fund cooperation with relevant skills necessary for Estonia’s economic development over the Development stakeholders next 10 years. Analysis is carried out in cooperation with the Plan for 2020- 4. Arrangements for 2023 following Estonian ministries: the Ministry of Education and monitoring, evaluation and (https://www.to Research, the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications, review of active labour otukassa.ee/sites the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Social Affairs and the market policies /tootukassa.ee/fi Ministry of Finance. 5. For youth employment les/arengukava_ 3. The steering committee of the Welfare Development Plan interventions, evidence- 2020-2023.pdf) includes, in addition to the ministries, representatives of various based and targeted social partners pathways towards young (https://www.sm.ee/sites/default/files/content- people not in employment, editors/eesmargid_ja_tegevused/Sotsiaalse_turvalisuse_kaasat education or training use_ja_vordsete_voimaluste_arengukava_2016_2023/heaolu_2 including outreach 016-2023_juhtkomitee.pdf). measures and based on The Supervisory Board of the Unemployment Insurance Fund is quality requirements taking formed in the following way: the Government appoints one into account criteria for member; Trade Union Confederation and the Employees' Trade quality apprenticeships and Union Organization each appoint one member; Employers' traineeships, including in Confederation appoints two members. The minister responsible the context of Youth for the field is a member of the Council by office. Guarantee schemes implementation. 4. A report on the fulfillment of the objectives of the Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023 is drawn annually and presented to the steering committee of the Welfare Development Plan. Pursuant to the Unemployment Insurance Fund Development Plan for 2020-2023, the Supervisory Board evaluates the implementation of the Development Plan and the Annual Plan on the basis of reports submitted to the Supervisory Board. 5. In cooperation with the Ministry of Social Affairs (https://www.sm.ee/et/noortegarantii) and the Ministry of Education and Research, an action plan has been prepared for the implementation of the European Union Youth  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition Guarantee (https://www.tooelu.ee/et/Noortegarantii), which provides an overview of the planned activities, the roles of different organizations in the implementation stage and performance evaluation based on activities. 4.3 ERDF ii) Improving access to YES A national or regional strategic 1.YES Education Education Strategy 2021-2035 (to be approved by the Strategic and inclusive and quality policy framework for the Strategy 2021- government in 2021 in compliance with all-encompassing 2.YES policy ESF services in education, education and training system is 2035 strategy Estonia 2035) framework 3.YES training and lifelong in place and includes: (https://www.h https://www.hm.ee/en/activities/strategic-planning-2021- for the learning through 4.YES 2035 covers education and training system policy framework. 1. Evidence-based systems for m.ee/en/activiti education developing 5.YES skills anticipation and es/strategic- Education Strategy 2021-2035 is a comprehensive strategy in and infrastructure; forecasting 6.YES planning-2021- the area of education (all levels, formal, non-formal and informal training 2. Graduate tracking 7.YES 2035) education). In order to achieve the objective and sub-objectives system at ESF: mechanisms and services for of the strategy, there are programmes that are prepared and all levels. 8.YES quality and effective modified within the framework of the state budget strategy and e) Improving the the state budget. quality, effectiveness guidance for learners of all and labour market ages 1. OSKA system (https://oska.kutsekoda.ee/en/) is a system of relevance of education 3. Measures to ensure equal labour market monitoring and future skills forecasting. The and training systems, access to, participation in systems’ sectoral analyses are used by career specialists to to support acquisition and completion of quality, guarantee quality and effective guidance for learners of all ages. of key competences relevant and inclusive 1.a. Annual analysis of the implementation of the Strategy. including digital skills; education and training, and Administrative data from various sources (Estonian Education acquisition of key Information System, Estonian Tax and Customs Board, Estonian competences at all levels National Social Insurance Board, the Population register, the f) Promoting equal 4. A coordination mechanism register of persons eligible to be drafted and Estonian access to and covering all levels of Unemployment Insurance Fund) is used to analyse the labour completion of, quality education and training and a market success of VET and HE graduates. Statistics and analyses and inclusive clear assignment of on MoER webpage: education and responsibilities between the https://www.hm.ee/en/activities/statistics-and-analysis training, in particular for disadvantaged relevant national and/or 2. Education Strategy 2021-2035 and the State Budget Strategy groups, from early regional bodies programmes cover all levels and fields of education and training. childhood education 5. Arrangements for In order to implement the general objective and strategic and care through monitoring, evaluation and objectives of the development plan, a program will be been general and vocational review of the strategic policy created every year, which will be prepared and amended within education and framework the framework of the budget strategy and the preparation of the training, and to state budget. To implement the Strategy, Education and Youth  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition tertiary level, as well 6. Measures to target low- Program 2021-2024 has been approved by the minister. In the as adult education and skilled, low-qualified adults program, there are specific measures and activities planned and learning, including and those with resources allocated to guarantee equal access to, participation in facilitating learning disadvantaged socio- and completion of quality education and training at all levels. mobility for all; economic backgrounds and Link to programme document: upskilling pathways https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/haridus_ja_noorteprog 7. Measures to support ramm_2021_2024.pdf g) Promoting lifelong learning, notably teachers, trainers and 3. Education Strategy 2021-2035 and the State Budget Strategy flexible upskilling and academic staff as regards programmes cover all levels and fields of education and training. reskilling appropriate learning A coordination of strategy implementation is described in its opportunities for all methods, assessment and chapter “Management and implementation of the strategy” . An taking into account validation of key assignment of responsibilities between the relevant national digital skills, better competences and/or regional bodies are centrally regulated by legal acts: anticipating change 8. Measures to promote https://www.hm.ee/en/activities/legislative-drafting and new skills mobility of learners and staff The Republic of Estonia Education Act covers all education levels requirements based and transnational and institutions: on labour market collaboration of education https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/524042014002/consolide/ needs, facilitating and training providers, current . career transitions and including through 4. National monitoring system. The implementation and promoting recognition of learning performance of the Education Strategy is reported within the professional mobility outcomes and qualifications framework of the annual performance areas report by programmes and through needs-based assessments and evaluations. The overall implementation of the strategy shall be evaluated at least once at least three years before the end of the strategy period. The implementation and reporting of the strategy is supported by a broad steering committee. The committee advises the Minister, supports the consideration of cross-cutting links and impacts in the implementation of the strategy, analyzes performance reports and evaluates progress towards the objectives of the strategy. The Steering Committee shall make recommendations for the initiation, modification and termination of programmes on the basis of performance reports. 5. Different ongoing measures of the Adult education programme, including the training courses for adults (free of charge). Job-related courses are offered through the national offer of in-service training. These courses are primarily aimed at  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition adults with lower levels of education and competitiveness. https://www.hm.ee/et/tegevused/taiskasvanuharidus/tasuta- kursused The regional co-operation is also being developed to return low- skilled adults without secondary and vocational education to formal education. 6. Education Strategy 2021-2035. The ESF funded programme ÕKPAT (https://www.innove.ee/opetaja-ja-koolijuhi- areng/okpat/), TALIS (Teaching and learning international survey), ITEL (Innovative Teaching for Effective Learning). In the Education and Youth Program 2021-2024 there are actions (measure 2., activity 2.1) planned and resources allocated to support teachers, trainers and academic staff as regards appropriate learning methods. Link to programme document: https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/haridus_ja_noorteprog ramm_2021_2024.pdf 7. Education Strategy 2021-2035 and the State Budget Strategy programmes include measures to promote mobility of learners and staff, transnational collaboration of education and training providers. In the Education and Youth Program 2021-2024 there are actions (measure 1., activity 1.5 Promoting the international competitiveness of education) planned and resources allocated to support mobility and transnational collaboration of education and training providers. The activities contribute to the internationalization of education, incl. international education marketing, development of international co-operation in vocational education and higher education. There are activities offering scholarship programs to facilitate learning mobility and organizing the assessment of foreign educational qualifications; provision of information and support services for the recognition of foreign professional qualifications. https://www.hm.ee/sites/default/files/haridus_ja_noorteprog ramm_2021_2024.pdf  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition 4.4 ERDF iii) Increasing the YES A national or regional strategic 1. YES Welfare The strategic framework is described in the Welfare National or socio-economic policy framework or legislative Development Development Plan 2016-2023 and accordingly three programs and 2. YES regional integration of framework for social inclusion Plan 2016-2023 have been prepared – Labor Market Program 2020-2023, Social ESF 3. YES strategic marginalised and poverty reduction is in place (https://www.s Security Program 2020-2023, Welfare Program 2020-2023, policy communities, migrants that includes: 4. YES m.ee/sites/defau Children and Families Program 2020-2023. framework and disadvantaged lt/files/content- (https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/riigieelarve-ja- 1. Evidence-based diagnosis for social groups, through editors/eesmargi majandus/riigi-eelarvestrateegia). of poverty and social inclusion integrated measures d_ja_tegevused/ exclusion including child 1. Evidence-based diagnosis of poverty and social exclusion are and including housing and welfare_develop poverty, access to early covered with the following – Welfare Development Plan 2016- poverty social services ment_plan_2016- childhood education and 2023, Labor Market Program 2020-2023, Social Security reduction 2023.pdf) h) Fostering active care of good quality, Program 2020-2023, Welfare Program 2020-2023, Children and inclusion with a view homelessness, spatial and Families Program 2020-2023. to promoting equal educational segregation, Labor Market 2. Measures to prevent and combat poverty and social opportunities and limited access to essential Program 2020- exclusion are brought out in the Labor Market Program 2020- active participation, services and infrastructure, 2023 2023,the Social Security Program 2020- and improving and the specific needs of (https://www.s 2023 and the Welfare Program 2020-2023. In order to reduce employability; vulnerable people of all m.ee/sites/defau barriers to entry into employment will be raised awareness ages. lt/files/lisa_8_to among employers and reduced prejudices towards different 2. Measures to prevent and oturuprogramm. target groups (eg older people, non-native speakers of Estonian, combat segregation in all pdf) people with reduced working ability). Employers' skills for fields, including social diversity management and for equal treatment in the protection, inclusive labour organisation are enhanced. To encourage working of retirees Social Security markets and access to labour market services will be provided for them. Program 2020- quality services for 3. One of the aims of the Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023 2023 vulnerable people, is to provide clients who receive special care with services that including migrants and (https://www.s m.ee/sites/defau support living at home and in community. Welfare Program refugees 2020-2023 has a target that is described by the ratio of lt/files/lisa_5_sot 3. Measures for the shift from siaalkindlustuse_ assistance services to 24-hour institutional care services. Target institutional to community- programm.pdf) for 2023 is 4,6 and in 2018 baseline was 2,1. based care 4. The Steering Committee of the Welfare Development Plan 4. Arrangements for ensuring includes representatives of various social Welfare Program that its design, partners (https://www.sm.ee/et/heaolu-arengukava-2016- 2020-2023 implementation, 2023). Implementation report will be provided every year in (https://www.s monitoring and review is order to have an overview about the achievements of Welfare m.ee/sites/defau conducted in close lt/files/lisa_4_ho  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition cooperation with relevant olekandeprogra Development Plan. The report will be presented to Steering stakeholders, including mm_2020_2023. Committee. social partners and relevant pdf) civil society organisations Children and Families Program 2020- 2023 (https://www.s m.ee/sites/defau lt/files/lisa_7_las te_ja_perede_pro gramm_2020_20 23.pdf) 4.6 ESF: k) Enhancing the equal YES A national or regional strategic 1. YES Welfare There are two national strategic policy frameworks in place: Strategic and timely access to policy framework for health is in Development Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023 and Public Health policy quality, sustainable 2. YES place that contains: Plan 2016-2023 Development Plan 2020-2030. framework and affordable 3. YES (https://www.s for health services; modernising 1. Mapping of health and long- 1. Health and long-term care needs with appropriate policy m.ee/sites/defau and long- social protection term care needs, including in measures are discussed in Welfare Development Plan 2016- lt/files/content- term care. systems, including terms of medical and care 2023 and Public Health Development Plan 2020-2030. In the editors/eesmargi promoting access to staff, to ensure sustainable context of decreasing and aging population, the health sector is d_ja_tegevused/ social protection, and coordinated measures facing a shortage of health professionals and other welfare_develop improving professionals. The training capacity must be increased primarily 2. Measures to ensure the ment_plan_2016- accessibility, in the field of nursing. In the long run, insufficient training efficiency, sustainability, 2023.pdf) effectiveness and capacity of pharmacists and doctors and aging medical staff are accessibility to health and resilience of Public Health also a problem. A serious problem is the shortage of family long-term care services, healthcare systems Development doctors, especially in rural and sparsely populated areas. In view including a specific focus on and long-term care Plan 2020-2030 of the aging population, the need for long-term care is individuals excluded from services (https://www.s increasing. the health and long-term m.ee/et/rahvasti care systems 2. Measures to ensure health and long-term care services are ku-tervise- elaborated in the following documents – Welfare Development 3. Measures to promote arengukava- Plan 2016-2023 and Welfare program 2020-2023. In order to community and family- 2020-2030) reduce and prevent long-term care burdens, to enable family based services through de- members with care burdens to work and participate in society, institutionalisation, including to provide social guarantees and to support the coping of long- prevention and primary care,  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabling Fund Specific objective Fulfil Criteria Fulfilment Reference to Justification conditions ment of criteria relevant of documents enab eling cond ition home-care and community- Welfare term dependent households, realistic interventions with based services. programm 2020- sustainable funding, in particular in the field of social, health and 2023 work and their interaction. The development and delivery of (https://www.s social services to reduce the burden of care, including social m.ee/sites/defau services based on innovative technological solutions, will also lt/files/lisa_4_ho continue. Priority will be given to the development of solutions olekandeprogra implemented in cooperation between several local authorities. mm_2020_2023. The policy instrument will redesign the structure of special care pdf) services, make the use and organisation of services more flexible, reorganise special care infrastructure and improve the quality and availability of services. 3. Measures promoting community based services are covered with Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023 and Welfare program 2020-2023. The purpose of the policy instrument is to provide services that support clients living in a more homelike environment and opportunities for community living to receive special care services. The service system will be improved and queues for community-based services will be improved to ensure the availability and accessibility of existing special care services. Funding for current special care services will be made activity-based and accessible to users. Large (more than 30 places) 24-hour care facilities will be reorganised and housing for people living in the community will be acquired, resulting in a reduction in the number of 24-hour specialised care facilities provided in large units and an increase in community-based facilities.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 4.2. Horizontal enabling conditions Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n Effectiv YES Monitoring mechanisms are in place that cover all Public 1. All public contracts above national thresholds and their procurement under the e public contracts and their procurement under the 1. YES Procurement Funds in line with EU procurement legislation are published and carried out in the monitor Funds in line with EU procurement legislation. 2. a. YES Register central e-procurement portal - Public Procurement Register ing This requirement includes: (https://riigihan (https://riigihanked.riik.ee), administered by the Ministry of Finance - in line with mechan 2. b. YES ked.riik.ee) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1986 of 11 November 2015. 1. Arrangements to ensure compilation of isms of effective and reliable data on public According to Procurement Act Ministry of Finance is responsible for monitoring, the procurement procedures above the EU reporting, consulting according to Article 83 and 84 of Directive 2014/24/EU and public thresholds in accordance with reporting article 99 and 100 of Directive 2014/25/EU. Monitoring and reporting is based on procure obligations under Article 83 and 84 of the data retrieved from the central Procurement Register. ment Directive 2014/24/EU and article 99 and 100 2. a. Names of winning bidder, number of initial bidders and contractual value are market of Directive 2014/25/EU. published at Public Procurement Register in the form of a Contract Award Notice in 2. Arrangements to ensure the data cover at line with Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/1986 of 11 November least the following elements: 2015. a. Quality and intensity of competition: 2. b. Information on final price after completion is Buyer’s obligation to publish in names of winning bidder, number of Public Procurement Register after completing the contract. Information on initial bidders and contractual value; participation of SMEs as direct bidders is published in a Contract Award Notice by the system – 100% e-procurements are carried out in the central Procurement b. Information on final price after Register. completion and on participation of SMEs as direct bidders, where national 3.Ministy of Finance in responsible authority for supervision (monitoring) and systems provide such information; analysis. The task of supervision is set out in Public Procurement Act. There are 4 people responisble for monitoring and one for general public procurement data 3. Arrangements to ensure monitoring and analysis. analysis of the data by the competent national authorities in accordance with Article 83(2) of 4. Supervision reports and yearly summaries of supervision are available online at Directive 2014/24/EU and Article 99(2) of the web page of the ministry of finance Directive 2014/25/EU. (https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/eesmargidtegevused/riigihangete- poliitika/jarelevalve). Yearly published public procurement statistical data and data 4. Arrangements to make the results of the analysis is also available online at the web page of the ministry of finance analysis available to the public in accordance with (https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/eesmargidtegevused/riigihangete- Article 83(3) of Directive 2014/24/EU and Article poliitika/kasulik-teave/riigihankemaastiku-kokkuvotted). 99 (3) of Directive 2014/25/EU. 5. There is an informal agreement with Competion Authority about information 5. Arrangements to ensure that all information exchange. In public procurement act there is also provision that if circumstances, pointing to suspected bid-rigging situations is learned during supervision may give rise to a suspicion of an offence that does not communicated to the competent national bodies amount to a misdemeanour provided for in §§ 213–215 of PPA or it has the in accordance with Article 83(2) of Directive characteristics of a possible corruption case, the Ministry of Finance informs an  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n 2014/24/EU and Article 99(2) of Directive investigative body or the Prosecutor’s Office of the circumstances known to the 2014/25/EU. Ministry of Finance. Competion Authority is also an investigative body in that meaning. Tools YES Managing authorities have the tools and capacity 1. YES Declaring certain 1. According to the Estonian government’s 21.08.2014 regulation No 133 and to verify compliance with State aid rules: 2. YES categories of aid “Requirements and conditions for application and proceedings of applications for capacit 1. For undertakings in difficulty and compatible with 2014-2020 structural assistance for establishment of regulation on conditions for y for undertakings under a recovery requirement. the internal provision of support“ § 3 subsection 2 clause 3 requires that applicants, pursuant to effectiv market in the European Union law, cannot be undertakings in difficulty if they are beneficiaries e 2. Through access to expert advice and guidance application of of state aid. applicat on State aid matters, provided by State aid Articles 107 and experts of local or national bodies. Implementing entities follow definition for the undertakings in difficulty brought out ion of 108 of the Treaty in European Commissions’ regulation “Declaring certain categories of aid compatible State (https://eur- with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty“ and aid lex.europa.eu/le notification in 2014 “Guidelines on State aid for rescuing and restructuring non- rules gal- financial undertakings in difficulty“. Based on the definition and using IT solutions, content/EN/TXT implementing entities can control applicants tax-arrears using Tax and Customs /PDF/?uri=CELE Board (https://www.emta.ee/eng) database and e-Business Register X:32014R0651&f (https://www.rik.ee/en/e-business-register). Implementing entities have also rom=EN) access to the applicants fiscal year report through the e-Business Register and all implementing entities have compiled control questionnaires to verify that applicants are not undertakings in difficulty. Guidelines on State aid for Aid grantors (Implementing authorities, Implementing bodies) can verify that the rescuing and applicant is not subject to the outstanding recovery, order following a previous restructuring Commission decision, declaring an aid granted by the Member State illegal and non-financial incompatible with the internal market (i.e. undertaking under a recovery undertakings in requirement) from the Estonian State aid and de minimis aid register. In the register difficulty such undertaking is marked by the Ministry of Finance (coordinating body for State (https://ec.euro aid matters) as “Aid not recovered”. pa.eu/competitio 2. Ministry of Finance (MoF) as a coordinating body on State aid matters has n/state_aid/legis expertise on State aid rules. MoF gives advice and guidance to all aid grantors. lation/rescue_re National rules of procedure for state aid are set out in Chapter 6 of the Competition sctructuring_com Act. In accordance with the § 492 of the Competition Act, a register of State aid and munication_en.p de minimis aid has been established, it is operational since 2009. The register covers df) all de minimis and State aid in Estonia except state aid given in the field of agriculture and fishery. Grantors of State aid use registry to control compliance with the de Estonian minimis rules. Ministry of Finance is responsible for the State aid and de minimis aid Ministry of reporting tasks that are done through the registry. Access to the register is granted  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n Finance State Aid to State aid and de minimis aid grantors who have an agreement with the Ministry of information Finance on the submission of State and de minimis aid data to the register. (https://www.ra Queries about aid and disbursements can be made through a publicly accessible handusministeer website: https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/riigiabi. State aid information, ium.ee/et/riigiab including references to European Commission guidance materials, is available on i) Ministry of Finance website: https://www.rahandusministeerium.ee/et/riigiabi. The website also contains Ministry of Finance’s State Aid Manual to support grantors in state aid analysis. A State aid network has been set up and it includes around 90 persons. The purpose of this network is to quickly share state aid information, experiences and also exchange views. Communication between members of the network is via e-mail. Each State aid grantor has at least one employee who has in-depth knowledge of State aid regulation. Effectiv YES Effective mechanisms are in place to ensure 1. YES United Nations, 1. In Estonia, a mechanism to ensure compliance with the human rights, including EU e compliance with the EU Charter of Fundamental 2. YES Common core Charter of Fundamental Rights, are in place through national law and international applicat Rights which include: document treaties. Estonia has a monist legal system and the provisions of international ion and 1. Arrangements to ensure compliance of the forming part of instruments become binding in the domestic legal order upon ratification. When laws implem programmes supported by the Funds and the reports of or other legislation of Estonia are in conflict with an international treaty ratified by entatio their implementation with the relevant States parties – the Riigikogu, provisions of the international treaty apply (United Nations, Common n of the provisions of the Charter. Estonia core document forming part of the reports of States parties - Estonia, 2016). EU (https://tbintern Human rights are protected under the Constitution and specific legislation in certain Charter 2. Reporting arrangements to the monitoring et.ohchr.org/_lay committee on the cases regarding non- areas. All public authorities (legislative, executive or judicial) are obliged to respect of outs/15/treatyb human rights (Section 14 of the Constitution). The concepts used in Constitution are Fundam compliance of operations supported by the odyexternal/Do Funds with the Charter. general and open enabling implementation – laws and regulations implement human ental wnload.aspx?sy rights. Laws that are related to human rights are subject to more attention and Rights mbolno=HRI%2f scrutiny – they can be passed and amended only by a majority of the members of the CORE%2fEST%2 Riigikogu. Laws are promulgated by the President and the President can, under the f2015&Lang=en) circumstances, apply to the Supreme Court for a declaration of unconstitutionality in respect of the law. Regulations are adopted by the Government of the Republic of Estonian Estonia and the Government ministers. All cases of regulations must be provided for Constitution in a law. (https://www.rii The Chancellor of Justice is a public official who scrutinises legislative instruments of giteataja.ee/en/e the legislative and executive branch of government and of local authorities for li/ee/52105201 conformity with the Constitution and the laws, and who is independent in discharging his or her duties. The main constitutional duty of the Chancellor of Justice is to ensure that laws and regulations would be constitutional and in compliance with  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n 5001/consolide/ other laws. The Chancellor of Justice considers proposals made to him or her current) concerning the amendment of laws, the passage of new laws and the work of Gender Equality government agencies, and, if necessary, reports his findings to the Riigikogu. Act The Chancellor of Justice ensures that authorities and officials performing public (https://www.rii duties would not violate people’s constitutional rights and freedoms, laws and other giteataja.ee/en/e legislation of general application, as well as the principles of sound administration; li/53010201303 persons held in detention would not be treated in a degrading, cruel or inhumane 8/consolide) way. The Chancellor of Justice acts also as ombudsman for children’s. The Chancellor of Justice is responsible for the protection and promotion of children's rights. To fulfil Equal Treatment the tasks of the Ombudsman for Children, there is the Children’s and Youths' Rights Act Department in the Office of the Chancellor of Justice. (https://www.rii giteataja.ee/en/e The Commissioner of the Gender Equality and Equal Treatment shall monitor li/53010201306 compliance with the requirements of the Equal Treatment Act and the Gender 6/consolide) Equality Act (https://volinik.ee/en/). The Gender Equality and Equal Treatment Commissioner has been given a mandate to oversee the implementation of gender Chancellor of equality and equal treatment rights in Estonia. The Commissioner is an independent Justice and impartial expert who acts independently, monitors compliance with the https://www.oig requirements of the Gender Equality Act, and the Equal Treatment Act. The uskantsler.ee/en Commissioner accepts applications from persons and provides opinions concerning ) possible cases of discrimination; advises and assists persons upon filing discrimination complaints, analyses the effect of legal acts on the situation of women Ombudsman for and men as well as minorities in society; makes proposals to the Government of the children Republic, government agencies, local governments and their agencies for http://lasteomb amendments to legislation; advises and informs the Government of the Republic, udsman.ee/en/w government agencies and local government agencies on issues relating to the elcome implementation of Gender Equality Act and Equal Treatment Act; takes measures to promote gender equality and equal treatment, also publishes reports on implementation of the principle of gender equality and equal treatment. (United Nations, Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties - Estonia, 2016) Other relevant authorities: -The Legal Information Centre for Human Rights (http://www.lichr.ee/home/?lang=en) - Human Rights Centre https://humanrights.ee/en/ - Estonian Institute of Human Rights NGO https://www.humanrightsestonia.ee/en/  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n The principles of the Charter are integrated into the fundamental principles and strategic goals of the “Estonia 2035”. The operational programme, in turn, is linked to the principles of the Charter through strategy Estonia 2035. A list of indicators, which are linked to the strategic goals: Indicators of Estonia2035 A number of sectoral partners (https://www.riigikantselei.ee/et/valitsuse- toetamine/strateegia-eesti-2035/kontakt-ja-osalus) participated in the development of the strategy Estonia 2035, including the Commissioner for Gender Equality ((http://www.vordoigusvolinik.ee/?lang=en) and the Estonian Chamber of Disabled People (https://epikoda.ee/en), who are also members of the monitoring committee. All development plans in the field have been or will be linked to the goals and principles of “Estonia 2035” and through them the principles of Charters are taken into account. For the preparation of the sectoral development plan, the line minister shall establish the steering committee, where are representatives and experts from the relevant ministries, also representatives from Governement Office and interest groups. 2. In the Monitoring Committee umbrella organisations and institutions for the protection of fundamental rights (e.g. Gender Equality and Equal Treatment Commissioner) are represented and their task is to bring the consolidated vision of their field and, if necessary, problems to the monitoring committee. The monitoring committee will approve project selection criteria and procedure of the committee. The selection criteria for projects (document, currently being updated) stipulate that criteria shall be used for the selection of projects which: - are non-discriminatory and transparent; - take into account the general principles laid down in regulation 2018/0196, Article 9: - ensuring gender equality and non-discrimination - having regard to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union - upholds the principle of sustainable development - the Union’s environmental policy shall be guided in accordance with Articles 11 and 191(1) TFEU.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n For the communication, the monitoring committee has own e-mail and committee members list is available in the structural funds homepage https://www.rtk.ee/seire-ja-seirekomisjonid#seirekomisjoni-koosseis; https://www.rtk.ee/seire-ja-seirekomisjonid#seirekomisjoni-liikmed. All committee members have the opportunity to open discussion by using the email list or by adding the discussion points to the monitoring committee meeting agenda, including if there are any concerns, that despite all procedures in place today, there might be possible case of non-compliance with the Charter. Social partners and umbrella organisations of the current period monitoring committee are: - Estonian Trade Union Confederation - Estonian Association of Information Technology and Telecommunications - Estonian Chamber of Commerce and Industry - Council of Estonian Environmental Nongovernmental Organisations - The Association of Estonian Cities and Municipalities - Estonian Society for Nature Conservation - Estonian Chamber of Disabled People - The Estonian Academy of Sciences - Estonian Association of SMEs - Rectors’ Conference - Network of Estonian Nonprofit Organizations - Gender Equality and Equal Treatment Commissioner Depending on the content of the 2021+ operational programme, we are ready to expand the members list. The role of the Equality Competence Center of the Equality Policies Department of the Ministry of Social Affairs is to advise and train intermediate bodies, applicants and recipients on gender mainstreaming, nondiscrimination and ensuring accessibility for people with special needs in the process of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programmes and projects (related articles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union are 21, 23, 25 and 26). The competence center also advises the intermediate bodies in the preparation and implementation of open application rounds. Introduces the requirements and opportunities for promoting gender equality and ensuring equal treatment at information days for grant applicants. Monitoring the implementation of gender mainstreaming and equal treatment (including accessibility) activities in projects etc. The Equality Competence Center participates in the coordination  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n process and assesses compliance with the principles of gender equality and equal treatment (including accessibility) in the conditions for the provision of support. Besides Chancellor of Justice and Gender Equality and Equal Treatment Commissioner’s reports, Human Rights Centre, Human Rights Institute, and The Legal Information Centre for Human Rights, systematically prepare reports on human rights situation in Estonia. Also, Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs publishes reports of human rights treaty based bodies at its website (http://vm.ee/en/human_rights), and concluding observations. (United Nations, Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties - Estonia, 2016) If a person feels that his or her rights have been violated, he or she must turn to court (usually an administrative court). It is possible to demand the elimination of the infringement or compensation for the damage. A statement of claim is filed with the court of first instance, an appeal with the court of second instance and an appeal in cassation with the court of third or the highest instance. A matter shall be heard in the Supreme Court after all previous court instances have been passed. The filing of an appeal is governed by respective codes of court procedure. Only sworn advocates are allowed to present the case to the Supreme Court to ensure the legal and physical persons the best quality of legal aid. If a person has gone through all the judicial bodies of the Republic of Estonia and the desired results have not been achieved, one can turn to the European Court of Human Rights. (United Nations, Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties - Estonia, 2016). Every person has the right and the opportunity to turn to the Chancellor of Justice, the Equality Commissioner or the Labour Dispute Committee in Estonia. A number of relevant partners, who monitor the compliance with the Charter are members of the monitoring committee (e.g Gender Equality and Equal Treatment Commissioner; Estonian Chamber of Disabled People etc) and they have right to raise issues at the monitoring committee meetings or open discussion on the monitoring committee email list. The compliance with the EU Charter is guaranteed through strategy Estonia 2035, sectoral development plans, project selections criteria, measure based legislation, etc. Social partners and umbrella organisations are members of the steering and monitoring committees, also involved with the development of the legislation.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n The 2021+ evaluation plan includes different areas and themes (Charter, equal opportunities, equality and accessibility, regional development, and environment). At least two times is planned to assess the fulfilment of Estonia2035 targets and horizontal principles. In addition, all monitoring committee members have the possibility to comment the evaluation plan and if so recommended and considered relevant specific evaluations will contain CPR Article 9 related questions. All ministries are responsible for the protection and promotion of human rights in their area of administration. Ministries also prepare, adopt and implement Government action plans on various human rights related issues – responsible ministries use networks resulting wide participation amongst government and non- government authorities. There are also legal persons in public law, which are founded in the public interest and pursuant to an Act concerning such legal person. A legal person in public law shall not have civil rights or obligations which are contrary to its objective. Development plans and programmes of all ministries must be consistent with the strategy Estonia 2035, where are also link with the principles of the Charter. All documents have relevant indicators which are reported annually in the performance reports. All development plans (and ministries) have the steering committees, who are involved with sectoral policy making. Implem A national framework to ensure implementation 1. YES Welfare 1. Objectives with measurable goals, data collection and monitoring mechanisms. entatio of the UNCRPD is in place that includes: 2. YES Development n and Plan 2016-2023 The indicators we collect on people with disabilities are included in the Welfare 1. Objectives with measurable goals, data Development Plan different programs. For example, in a welfare program applicat collection and monitoring mechanisms. (https://www.s (https://www.sm.ee/sites/default/files/lisa_4_hoolekandeprogramm_2020_2023.p ion of m.ee/et/heaolu- 2. Arrangements to ensure that accessibility df ), we have an indicator: the proportion of working age disabled persons who the arengukava- policy, legislation and standards are properly receive open care or non-institutional services, which support independent coping at United 2016-2023). reflected in the preparation and home, and day-and-night institutional care. The Ministry of Social Affairs collects Nations YES implementation of the programmes. data on service recipients annually from service providers and local governments. Conven Accessibility The actual level for this indicator for 2018 was 1,9, contrary to prognosis, the ratio tion on Council has fallen year on year because non-institutional services are not provided to a the (https://www.rii sufficient extent. With the social security program, we monitor the following rights gikantselei.ee/et indicators: absolute poverty rate among disabled persons and the impact of benefits of /ligipaasetavuse- persons rakkeruhm) for disabled people on reducing absolute poverty among disabled persons (aged 18- 64). In 2018, the absolute poverty rate among disabled persons was 1.2%. In 2017, with the benefits for disabled people reduced the absolute poverty of disabled persons disabilit 16.7% (Statistics Estonia).  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n ies Accessibility It is one part of the Statistics Estonia working program to collect statistical (UNCRP Task Force information on the situation of disability. Therefore, where it is possible, the D) in https://www.rii collected data from individuals is linked to the disability information and where it is accorda gikantselei.ee/et possible (depending on the survey’s sample size), the data are published in the nce /ligipaasetavus Statistics Estonia database https://www.stat.ee/et/avasta-statistikat/metoodika-ja- with kvaliteet/statistikatood/2020/40606. The disability information itself is collected Council by Social Insurance Board (https://sotsiaalkindlustusamet.ee/en) who identifies a Decisio Chancellor of disability for children, working-age people and people of retirement age. Social n Justice Act Insurance Board has data on the severity, type of disability and the diagnoses 2010/4 (https://www.rii underlying the determination of disability. 8/EC giteataja.ee/akt/ 12788991?leiaK On the other hand, if necessary, Ministry of Social Affairs has conducted also specific ehtiv) surveys (https://www.sm.ee/et/uuringud-ja- analuusid#Sotsiaalvaldkonna%20uuringud%20ja%20anal%C3%BC%C3%BCsid ) Detailed by focusing on the families who have a disabled child or adults with a disability. requirements for Those surveys have been carried out to collect specific information about usage of buildings related different services, occurring problems etc. to the special Advancing the rights of persons with disabilities in line with the principles of the needs of persons Convention are mainstreamed into several development plans and strategies (f.e with disabilities Eesti2035), the most relevant of them being Welfare Development Plan 2016-2023. (https://www.rii Problems the target group faces and addressing policy instruments are more or less giteataja.ee/akt/ directly described in all four sub-objectives. However, subobjective nr 3 131052018055) (https://www.sm.ee/sites/default/files/lisa_3_hoolekandeprogramm_2019_2022_ 0.pdf) focuses more directly on improving the accessibility and quality of social Requirements services, the development of services that include people in society and the set on living protection of fundamental rights. The DP also includes relevant indicators, that are space regularly followed-up to monitor the implementation. (https://www.rii giteataja.ee/akt/ On 13th of June 2018, the Parliament of Estonia adopted an amendment to the 103072015034?l Chancellor of Justice Act (https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/103072018014), the aim eiaKehtiv) of which was to designate the institution of the Chancellor of Justice with the tasks of the framework indicated in Article 33 point 2 of the CRPD to promote, protect and Web Content monitor implementation of the Convention. The amendment (Article 1 point 10) Accessibility came into force from the 1st of January 2019. The Chancellor of Justice is an Guidelines 2.0 independent official, who reviews the legislation for conformity with the Constitution https://www.mk of the Republic of Estonia and the Acts of the Republic of Estonia. Her tasks include m.ee/et/wcag- also, for example, exercising supervision over the compliance of the legislation with international agreements and resolving discrimination disputes, which arise  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n 20- between persons in private law on the basis of the Constitution and other Acts. In the rakendusjuhised past few years, the Office of the Chancellor of Justice has increased its monitoring of facilities in which persons with disabilities may be deprived of their liberty, in Sotsiaalkindlustu particular special care homes and psychiatric clinics. se programm (https://www.oiguskantsler.ee/et/seisukohad/otsing?sisutuup=seisukoht&vaade= otsing&valitsemisala=117&dokumendist=1 ). Small additional funds have been https://www.sm. allocated from the budget to allow for greater use of experts during its inspections, ee/sites/default/ including psychiatrists. files/lisa_5_sotsi aalkindlustuse_p All persons who have reached the statutory age have an equal right to vote and rogramm.pdf participate or stand in elections. Pursuant to electoral law (https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/1045561), all eligible voters must have the Hoolekandeprog possibility to vote in the manner of their choice: either in a polling station, ramm electronically or at home. As a general rule, voters are to vote independently, however voters who want or need assistance in filling out a ballot have the right to https://www.sm. assistance from whomever they choose, as long as that person is not a candidate in ee/sites/default/ the particular electoral district. The Riigikogu Election Act also requires that the files/lisa_4_hoole electronic voting application must provide support to visually impaired persons. kandeprogramm _2020_2023.pdf Polling stations in Estonia are located in public buildings, which must comply with the requirements of a Regulation of the Minister of Enterprise and Information Soolise Technology “Requirements for Structures arising from the Special Needs of Disabled võrdõiguslikkuse Persons” adopted on the basis of the Building Code. programm The State Electoral Office provides information on its website for persons with special needs, including information on which polling stations are fully accessible for https://www.sm persons in wheelchairs or with prams. .ee/sites/default /files/lisa_6_sool In Estonia, all persons also have the right to vote electronically, which means that ise_vordoiguslik they can choose to vote from any location with internet service that they choose. The kuse_programm. rules governing electronic voting (§ 483 (5) of the Riigikogu Election Act) also pdf require that the voting application must provide support to visually impaired persons, and this requirement is fulfilled in practice such that visually impaired persons can exercise their right to vote without assistance. In 2019, elections were held in Estonia both to the national parliament Riigikogu and also to the European Parliament. After both elections had been held, the Chancellor of Justice addressed the Constitutional Committee of the Riigikogu, the State Electoral Office and the National  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n Electoral Committee to point out both successful examples as well as shortcomings with regard to accessibility for persons with disabilities during the elections. The Chancellor of Justice made a number of recommendations for improvements in the organisation of elections. In November 2019, the Constitutional Committee of the Riigikogu and the State Electoral Office held discussions on the issue of accessibility and elections. - https://www.oiguskantsler.ee/sites/default/files/field_document2/Ligip%C3 %A4%C3%A4s%20valimisjaoskondadele.pdf - https://www.oiguskantsler.ee/sites/default/files/field_document2/Valimisjao skondade%20juurdep%C3%A4%C3%A4setavus.pdf - https://www.oiguskantsler.ee/sites/default/files/field_document2/Juurdep% C3%A4%C3%A4s%20avalikele%20hoonetele.pdf The Gender Equality and Equal Treatment Commissioner monitors compliance with the Equal Treatment Act and the Gender Equality Act both in public and private sector. According to the Commissioners’ office statistics (https://volinik.ee/voliniku-2019-aasta-tegevuste-ulevaade/ ), the total number of claims issued to the Commissioner during the period of 2015-2019 was 1450. The proportion of the claims based on disability was 17%. Claimants who filed claims of discrimination based on disability were 60% female, 20% male, 20% were filed by companies, 3rd sector or unknown. Data on the age of claimants is not collected. The sector in which the complaints were filed were 58% unknown, 26% public sector, 13% private sector, 3% 3rd sector. Barriers indentified in 2017-2019 considered 26% in employment, 13% education, 10% access to products and services, 5% social aid, social services and healthcare, 46% unknown, outside Commisioner’s competence. In 2016: 27% access to products and services, 24% employment, 18% social aid, social services and healthcare, 16% education , 16% unknown, outside Commisioner’s competence. The Commissioner cannot impose sanctions, but give opinions. The Chancellor of Justice Office statistics show, that the number of claims has been increasing (being 1484 in 2016 and 1652 in 2018). However, as the person does not always declare his or her disability, it is not possible to give exact numbers on the claimants. Still, the claims concerning the rights of persons with disabilities has had a steady yearly increase, being 37 in 2016 and 88 in 2019 (as of September 2019). There have been no high court decisions found making reference to the CRPD.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n 2. According to the regulation “Perioodi 2014–2020 struktuuritoetuse taotlemise ja taotluste menetlemise nõuded ja tingimused toetuse andmise tingimuste määruse kehtestamiseks” (https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/126082014006#para4) § 4 and 40, the application shall describe which activities are linked to the goals and principles of strategy Estonia 2035, including to accessibility requirements. The regulation is currently being updated. Ministry of Social Affairs is the national coordinator and a promoter of accessibility across sectors. The Ministry has been actively involved in promoting and coordinating accessibility through supporting the work of the Accessibility Council, that brings together different stakeholders from relevant ministries, private sector representatives and representative organisations of disabled persons. Ministry of Social Affairs is also coordinating the transposition of the Accessibility Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the accessibility requirements for products and services). The Accessibility Directive focuses on increasing the opportunities for people with disabilities to hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others, although it also benefits persons who experience functional limitations. According to Directive, the laws, regulations and administrative provisions must be transposed into national law (adopted and published) by 28 June 2022 at the latest. Estonian government recently launched a task force to develop a comprehensive accessibility policy. The Accessibility task force bringing together all relevant stakeholders from the government, NGOs and private sector had its first meeting in November 2019 and its mandate is for two years, resulting in improved cooperation between sectors and specific actions to improve accessibility. In the first year the task force has carried out comprehensive discussions about accessibility in six areas: public transport, buildings, roads, audiovisual media, tourism and e-services. Based on the discussions the task force presented mid term report to the government in October 2020 (https://www.riigikantselei.ee/sites/default/files/news-related- files/ligipaasetavuse_rakkeruhma_vahearuanne_09_2020.pdf ). In the second year the task force will continue to hold discussions on policy development in order to reach agreements with different ministries and other stakeholders that will eventually lead to final policy proposals for the government. The aim is to propose policy measures that will lead to a wider policy reform targeted at increasing accessibility of the society. The members of task force: https://www.riigikantselei.ee/et/ligipaasetavus.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n The Equality Competence Centre (https://www.sm.ee/et/vordne-kohtlemine-0), as an advisory and training unit, provides advice to managing autothorities and implementing agencies, how to take account of accessibility requirements and aspects of equal opportunities for people with disabilities in programmes/projects and assesses compliance with these requirements in measure based legislation. In 2018, a regulation of the Minister of Entrepreneurship and Information Technology came into force that provides detailed requirements for buildings related to the special needs of persons with disabilities.The regulation applies first and foremost to the buildings or parts of buildings where public services are provided and to public roads in urban areas and publicly accessible private roads. Starting from 1st of January 2019, Consumer Protection and Techincal Regulatory Authority performs state supervision over the application of this regulation. In 2018, also another regulation of the Minister of Entrepreneurship and Information Technology came into force that complemented the earlier regulation on “Requirements set on living space”. The new regulations’ goal is to improve the accessibility of living space and it requires to have an elevator in the houses that have at least four or more floors. This requirement will be applied to building projects implemented from the 1st of August 2019. In 2015 a support structure (The Equality Competence Centre) was created to provide additional support for the policy-makers and -implementers in gender mainstreaming and to ensure non-discrimination (incl. accessibility) in the process of planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the ESI Funds (ESF, ERDF, CF) programmes and projects. The centre has published a variety of information materials, including thematic fact sheets and guidelines and organised trainings for implementing agencies, intermediate bodies and applicants of the funds to raise the awareness about the accessibility and inclusion of people with disabilities. To promote accessibility of public services to people with intellectual disability, a project supported by the Norway Grants 2014-2021 through Active Citizens Fund in Estonia was launched. The project will enhance the use of simple language, for example libraries, local governments, sports facilities etc. The Ministry of Social Affairs made an analysis on public transport stops’ accessibility all over Estonia. The results will give an overview of a selection of most important junctions and related public transport stops together with cost calculations of needed adjustments in early 2020. Train and tramway stops.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n Of all transportation stops, train and tramway stops (89 units) have the best accessibility. Those stops have the most different accessibility features provided (physical access, tactile surfaces, contrasting colours, real time information on arrivals etc). The current statement is backed up by the average score value which is 80%. If we compare with bus stops (401 units), average score value is 59%. This is due to relatively recent reconstruction of train and tramway stops, what has enabled taking into account modern accessibility requirements. Bus stops. Bus stops are generally in good condition, while there are regional differences, where the best solutions and conditions are in bigger towns – Tallinn, Tartu, Pärnu. Regions have developed own „style“ along with graphics, functionality and architectural solutions. We hereby recommend the municipalities to start using elaborated best practices instead. In small town, villages and other rural areas the overall condition of stops is worse compared to towns – there are no shelters, proper lighting, waiting platforms, the surfaces are unsuitable for use with mobility devices. Station buildings. Accessibility was evaluated in case of 47 different buildings, of which bus terminals were 21, train stations 9, harbours 11 and airports 6. Lowest score gained the transport infrastructure related buildings, that is bus and train stations and harbours (average score 51-56%). Slightly better was the outcome for the airports (58%), what is possible to explain with the international regulations applied there, but even that situation could be much better. For instance Tallinn Airport is physically well accessible, but not that adapted what concerns other types of disability, total score was 50%. Pedestrian crossings. Measures needing more attention from the municipalities would be tactile marking of pedestrian crossings, easy leading to the crossing and the use of sound signals and timer solutions at crossings. Of station buildings mapped (47 buildings) there was no parking for people with disabilities in case of 29 buildings, that is 61%, which is a poor result. Parking for people with disabilities should be provided at each station building, harbour etc. From 2018-2022 the Ministry of Social Affairs is conducting a pilot project on social transportation. The aim of the project to test new service delivery models of social  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n transportation and find more information on who is a social transport customer and what kind of financing model should be used for a more efficient policy on the matter. The pilot project is carried out in 5 counties, in which four county public transport operators work in close cooperation with local governments to design and provide social transportation service in their region. The pilot project is financed from European Social Fund and partners’ own financing. To increase the accessibility of help to persons with disability, the Emergency Response Centre has developed a SMS-112 service. This enables people with hearing or speech disability to send a free SMS if they need rescue workers, an ambulance or police. In order to use the service, it is necessary to create a user account. The communication and awareness raising of such possibility among the target groups has been organised in cooperation with representative NGO-s. Special efforts have been made to ensure accessibility when launching and carrying out the awareness raising activities, therefore campaigns have been made accessible to people with visual and hearing disabilities. The preparation of campaigns has been in close cooperation with the representative organisations in order to have persons with disabilities involved in the preparation phase. The campaigns have successfully involved disabled people also as spokepersons. Having real people as spokepersons has helped the public to relate with the messages of the campaigns and has increased their success. Consultation and cooperation with the relevant representative organisations has also taken place when preparing and carrying out thematic analysis or studies. Every person, who has problems with accessibility, has the right and opportunity to connect with the Commissioner for Gender Equality and Equal Treatment (if necessary, anonymously). The website is customised for visually impaired people and information is available in five languages. Every person has also the right to send the application to the Chancellor of Justice, through the webpage, by e-mail, by calling etc. The website is customised for visually impaired people and information is available in three languages. Regarding the structural funds, the contact point for discussion is the monitoring committee. There are relevant umbrella organisations in the committee, and if necessary, the member state will extend the list of partners. In the monitoring committee meeting members may point out possible concerns in case there are any which require further attention.  Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Enabli Fulfilme Criteria Fulfilme Reference to Justification ng nt of nt of relevant conditi enabelin criteria documents ons g conditio n Accessibility is also among the base principles of the strategy “Estonia 2035” and addressed in the strategic goals – “The living environment is safe, and when planning public space, preference is given to solutions that promote safe and secure and health-promoting behaviours that ensure accessibility”. These goals function as “horizontal principles” in the sense of article 9 and are therefore covered throughout the implementation process. The member state (Ministry of Finance) and managing authority (State Shared Service Centre) also use monitoring data and may initiate discassion on the subject in the monitoring committee meeting if seen necessary. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 5. PROGRAMME AUTHORITIES [LISATAKSE AVALIKU KONSULTATSIOONI AJAKS] Table 161: Programme authorities Programme Name of the Contact name [200] E-mail [200] authorities institution [500] Managing authority Audit authority Body which receives payments from the Commission Where applicable, body or, bodies which receive payments from the Commission in case of technical assistance pursuant to Article 36(5) CPR Accounting function in case this function is entrusted to a body other than the managing authority Table 162: The portion of the percentages set out in point (b) of Article 36(5) CPR that would be reimbursed to the bodies which receive payments from the Commission in case of technical assistance pursuant to Article 36(5) CPR (in percentage points) Body 1 p.p. Body 2* p.p. 6. PARTNERSHIP [LISATAKSE AVALIKU KONSULTATSIOONI AJAKS] 10 000 characters Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 7. COMMUNICATION AND VISIBILITY [TEKST 18.06 SEISUGA] Text field [4 500] Objective of communication: The 2021-2027 communication of structural funds is to ensure target group awareness of EU structural support through comprehensive, open and relevant communication and the positive impact of EU funds. Increased awareness of the purpose, results and impact of EU structural support on Estonian development will be achieved by communicating to the target groups the structural support goals, including planning, the cohesion policy in general, as well as operational programme areas, and by ensuring visibility of supported projects and advertising the changes the support has helped effect in Estonia. Sub-objectives supporting the goal: · To increase the recognition of the importantce of EU contribution to Estonia´s economic growth and achieving digital and green revolution, focusing also on transport and digital networks, supporting quality employment, education, healthcare, locally led development and sustainable urban development; · To improve the quality and interest of grant applications through clear and simple communication procedures and rules and ensure that information is available to all interested parties in a clear plain language; · To ensure the visibility of EU supported projects (e.g ads, emblems, events, media relations, webpage etc.) · To improve transparency of distribution of grants. Target groups and stakeholders: - General public: o Native speakers; o Russian speakers. - Media - Applicants and potential applicants - Beneficiaries: o direct beneficiaries; o indirect beneficiaries (i.e communities, regions). - Stakeholders: o roof organizations (inc NGO-s, Unions etc); o policy makers; o public sector. Main channels: Media e.g: - national and local newspapers; - online portals; - TV and radio. Website e.g: · reviews of calls for proposals; · success stories on Estonian map; · helpful material for potential beneficiary and tips how to put together an eligible project; · EU branding (online plaque/billboard generator, FAQ about logo use etc.). Social media (managing authority, co-operation with ministries and implementing agencies) e.g: Facebook e.g: · the information about open calls and info days; · a selection of success stories; · success stories video content (at least 5 videos per year). Instragram /Messenger e.g: - ads; - games; - stories. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Activities aiming at less aware target groups: Based on yearly national public awareness survey of European funds the less aware target groups of positive impact of the funds are young people and Russian-speaking population. Teenagers and young adults e.g: - engagement via social media (yearly validation of the most important social networks for teenagers and young adults); - free student booklet (i.e games, crosswords, graphics). Russian-speaking population e.g: - PR releases and articles about the achievements in media; - Information about European funding are duplicated also in Russian if needed. Measuring The following sources will be used to measure goal achievement: - yearly surveys on structural support awareness; - media coverage analysis (monitoring of structural support visibility and dynamics); - regular monitoring on applicant’s satisfaction - website traffic monitoring (visits); - social media monitoring (number of engagements). Indicators: - general awareness of the European funding from 73% to 80%; - awareness of EU-co-funded regional projects from 42% to 45%; - awareness of young persons (18-24) from 52% to 55%; and Russian-speaking population from 51% to 55%; - positive impact of cohesion policy Funds on Estonian development – keep the positive rating in the same level (80% of responses). Communication manager of the programme is responsible for: - communication activities for general public in traditional and social media channels (e.g TV-shows, special newspapers, radio interviews, articles, events, seminars etc.); - supporting and advising IA-s on communication activities; - keep MA website up to date for providing helpful information materials for the media, policy makers, beneficiaries and applicants; - managing Facebook page called Eurotoetus to promote open calls and the results of calls and projects; - wide promotion and distribution of publication of new calls; - participating in the national communication network and in the EU communication initiatives; - strengthening communication-related cooperation with local governments in order to partner with local applicants and find ways to reach them more efficiently. 8. USE OF UNIT COSTS, LUMP SUMS, FLAT RATES AND FINANCING NOT LINKED TO COSTS [LISATAKSE AVALIKU KONSULTATSIOONI AJAKS] Table 163: Use of unit costs, lump sums, flat rates and financing not linked to costs Intended use of Articles 94 and 95 CPR YES NO From the adoption programme will make use of reimbursement of the Union contribution based on unit costs, lump sums and flat rates under the priority according to Article 94 CPR (if yes, fill in Appendix 1) From the adoption programme will make use of reimbursement of the Union contribution based on financing Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 not linked to costs according to Article 95 CPR (if yes, fill in Appendix 2) ANNEX 3: LIST OF PLANNED OPERATIONS OF STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE WITH A TIMETABLE [lisatakse avaliku konsultatsiooni ajaks] Text field [2 000] Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Annex 4: TERRITORIAL JUST TRANSITION PLAN [KOGU TEKST SEISUGA 20.04] 1. OUTLINE OF THE TRANSITION PROCESS AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE MOST NEGATIVELY AFFECTED TERRITORIES WITHIN THE MEMBER STATE 1.1 Outline of the expected transition process towards the Union’s 2030 targets for energy and climate and a climate-neutral economy of the Union by 2050 Text field [12000] Current strategic framework Estonia joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1994, a few years after regaining its indepence, and ratified the Paris Agreement in 2016 (link). In 2019 Estonia also commited to the common goal of reaching a climate-neutral Europe by 2050, and in 2020 – to the European Commission’s 2030 Climate Target Plan. The main principles of Estonia’s climate policy are set in the “General Principles of Climate Policy until 2050”, adopted by the Estonian Parliament in 2017 (link). The document sets the goal of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by ca 80 percent by 2050 compared to 1990 levels, and outlines both general and sectorial policy guidelines for reaching that goal. In the same year, the Estonian Government also adopted the “Climate Change Adaptation Development Plan until 2030” (link), which provides a roadmap for mitigating the risks posed by climate change, as well as the “National Development Plan for the Energy Sector until 2030”, or NDPES (link). In December 2019, in accordance with Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) No 2012/2018 Estonia communicated to the European Commission its “National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP 2030)” (link), that complements the NDPES and sets the following main objectives: • Reducing GHG emissions by 80% by 2050 compared to 1990 (-64% as of 2019); • Achievement of a 13% reduction of GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 2005 levels in the sectors falling under the scope of the Effort Sharing Regulation (transport, small-scale power, agriculture, non-ETS industry and waste); • The share of renewable energy in total final consumption must be at least 42% by 2030; • Final energy consumption must remain at the level of 32-33 TWh; • Reduction of primary energy consumption by 14% (compared to the peak of recent years); • Security of supply must be maintained. Hense, Estonia’s NECP 2030 is in line with the European Union’s 2030 target for energy and climate as set out to in Article 2(11) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999. Updated commitments Although the strategies and plans outlined above contribute to the fulfilment of the commitments under Paris agreement, reaching climate neutrality in Europe by 2050 and cutting greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030, a number of revisions are currently in progress that take into account increased climate ambition. In 2019 the Government Office of the Republic of Estonia commissioned the Tallinn branch of the Stockholm Environment Institute to analyse the steps the country must take over the next three decades to reach climate neutrality. The resulting report, entitled “Reaching climate neutrality in Estonia” (link) provides an analysis of sector-specific issues that Estonia must address, offers an outline of related measures and underscores the significant policy and business opportunities inherent in the pursuit of climate neutrality. The report concludes that reaching climate neutrality is “possible and likely profitable”. The report also establishes a maximum level of GHG emissions that Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 would allow Estonia to reach climate neutrality: 2,25 million ton per year (in 2019 Estonia’s emissions stood at 14,7 mln t CO2eq). The report informed the development of Estonia’s long-term development strategy “Eesti 2035”, expected to be adopted by the Estonian Parliament in the first half of 2021. The strategy states explicitly Estonia’s ambition to reach climate neutrality by year 2050 and also mentions the need for special attention towards regions that will be most affected by the transition (link, pp 15, 25). The new government of Estonia, sworn in on the 26th of January 2021, has made a commitment to quit additional governmental investments into fossil projects and instead focus on renewables. The government has also set year 2035 as the deadline for Estonia to exit oil shale electricity production and year 2040 – to phase out oil shale in the energy sector completely. In order to solidify its intentions, the government agreed on an “Action plan for reaching climate neutrality by 2050”, which will include:  initializing the update of NDPES by November 2021, taking into account the green transition, climate neutrality and digitalization;  initialising the revision of the “National plan for the use of oil shale in the period 2016-2030” by November 2022;  submitting a progress report of Estonia’s NECP 2030 by March 2023 and an updated version of the NECP 2030 by June 2023, persuant to Articles 7 and 14 of the Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The “General Principles of Climate Policy until 2050” are currently also being revised and the draft of the ammending act is scheduled to be ready by the end of 2021. Transition process towards a climate-neutral economy Estonia is well on its way towards a climate-neutral economy. In 2019, the share of renewable energy in the gross final energy consumption reached 31,9%, well exceeding the target for 2020 (25%). In 2020, the the share of oil shale electricity consumption dropped to 31,5% (~80% in 2018), while renewable electricity consumption had increased to 26%. According to the latest GHG inventory, in 2019, Estonian greenhouse gas emissions were down by 64% from 1990 levels; factoring in emissions and removals from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF), results in a net emission reduction of 63%. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 40000 35000 30000 25000 kt CO2 eq. 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 -5000 1996 2013 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Energy Industrial processes and product use Agriculture Land use, land-use change and forestry(5) Waste Figure 1: Greenhouse gas emissions trends by sector, kt CO2 eq The majority of Estonia’s GHG emissions are produced by the energy industries sector – 68% and 56% of total GHG emissions in 2018 and 2019 respectively. On the one hand, given its large proportion in the overall emissions, the transformation of this sector has most influence on Estonia’s progress towards climate neutrality; on the other hand, from a 12% drop just over the recent years, we can see that this sector is already undergoing major transformation. 0,14% 6,00% 16,47% IPPU, Waste and 16,29% Agriculture sector 5,07% 56,02% 1.A.1 Energy Industries 1.A.2 Manufacturing Industries and Construction 1.A.3 Transport 1.A.4 Other sectors 1.B Fugitive emissions Figure 2: Emissions from the energy sector compared to the total emissions in 2019, % A substantial amount of energy-related emissions are caused by an extensive consumption of fossil fuels for power and heat production. In 2019, the supply of primary energy was 218.9 PJ, of which oil shale comprised 65% and wood and municipal waste together – 26.4%. However, in the recent years the rate of phase out of oil shale electricity has been dramatic: if in 2018, electricity production in Estonia totalled 10.58 TWh, of which electricity from local non-renewables comprised 8.9 TWh (so Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 84%), then by 2020 the share of local non-renewables in Estonia’s electricity mix stood at 2.5 TWh, which indicates more than a tripple decrease over three years. -1,5% 1,8% 7,9% 26,4% 65,0% 0,4% Coal Oil Shale Peat Renewables and Waste Natural Gas Oil Products Figure 3: Structure of primary energy supply in Estonia in 2019, % This progress is both the result of the price of EU ETS allowances and national activities. The steep rise in the price of EU ETS emission allowances in the recent years renders oil shale electricity not cost effective enough to compete in the Nordic energy market. In addition, the equipment used for processing oil shale is gradually reaching the end of its useful lifespan, which further reduces the competitiveness of electricity produced from oil shale. Going forward, Estonia’s transition to a climate-neutral energy system will be based on four pilars: 1. Phasing out oil shale based power production. According to the “2020 Report on Security of Supply of Estonia’s Electrical System” (link, pp. 84-87), as of 2020, the installed net capacity of Estonian power plants stands at 3,041 MW, incl. 1,949 MW of supply, based on oil shale. Of the facilities operating on oil shale, a total of 1,291 MW will be decommissioned in the period 2021-2024 (due to their age) and an additional 386 MW is planned to be decommissioned by 2031. After 2031, the only power plant operating on oil shale will be the Auvere power plant (net capacity 272 MW, production capacity 250 MW), which can also use biomass as fuel (up to 50%). 2. Increasing renewable energy production. As of 2021 there is in total 175 MW of biomass capacity, 329 MW of onshore wind capacity and 164 MW of solar capacity in Estonia. Over the next three years renewable electricity reverse autions will be held to bring 1115 GWh more renewable electricity to the market. By 2030 it is planned to install 2600 MW of wind and 415 MW of solar capacities. Biomass based capacity will not change remarkably. New technologies such as fuel cells, ultracapacitors, electrification, automatisation and virtual solutions, charging stations and battery storage along with energy efficiency measures will be integrated into the present energy management system in order to deliver lower carbon solutions. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Intermittent (wind, solar) Dispatchable (biogas, natural gas, waste, biomass, oil shale, storage) 46% 42% 49% 50% 52% 59% 60% 55% 66% 74% 84% 54% 58% 51% 50% 48% 41% 40% 45% 34% 26% 16% 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 Figure 4: The projection of the proportion of dispatchable and intermittent capacities in electricity production in Estonia, based on NECP 2030 3. Securing power supply. New capacities of wind and solar energy are intermittent, so balancing options need to be developed. Estonia’s typical electricity consumption is around 900 MW, peaking in cold winter conditions at around 1500 MW. In 2020, Estonia imported ~42,5% of the electricity it consumed and during the transition to climate neutral electricity production, a significant amount of our consumption will most likely be covered via electricity imports. Interconnection capacities with our EU neighbours (~2500 MW) well exceed our peak consumption. The ongoing process of synchronising the Baltic States’ electricity system to the EU networks by 2025 will further enhance our energy security. When issues with generation adequacy are identified, a capacity mechanism can be initialised in order to maintain security of supply, whereas market-based solutions must be considered first. 4. Innovation, research and development, incl. surveys and piloting in the fields of energy efficiency, climate neutral power systems, carbon neutral heating and cooling, decarbonisation of the gas systems, exploring the potential of hydrogen, piloting CCS and CCU technologies and so on. 1.2 Justification for identifying the territories as most negatively affected by the transition process The oil shale sector in Estonia is highly concentrated in the eastern-most region of Ida-Virumaa (or Ida-Viru for short), resulting in the fact that oil shale related companies located in the region account for over 50% of Estonia’s total GHG emmisions in 2019. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Figure 5: Location of the Ida-Viru region in the larger east-Baltic context, incl distances from major population centers Ida-Viru factsheet:  Population as of 01.01.2021 amounted to 133 888 people, and is rapidly ageing and decreasing. If current trends continue, by 2045, the population of Ida-Virumaa will decrease by almost 50,000 people compared to today. The number of women in Ida-Virumaa is decreasing faster (-25%) compared to men (-19%).  Estonian language is spoken as their mother tongue by only 17.5% of the county's residents. The most commonly spoken language is Russian.  The economy of the region depends on 5,900 companies with a combined quarterly turnover of 505 mln €, employing a total of 40,800 people. There are 15 employers in the area with more than 250 employees; 11 of those employers are business companies and of those – 67% are companies in the oil shale sector.  Incomes in Ida-Virumaa are among the lowest nationally and amount to an average of 1161 €/mo (compared to Estonia’s average of 1448 €/mo; 2020), with the exception of the oil shale sector, where an average salary is 1,663 €/mo. Partly due to the region’s historically low wages and lack of job opportunities outside the energy sector, people from other regions of Estonia are reluctant to consider the region as a place to live; the same is applies for the region’s youth.  Labor market disparities have a crippling effect on Ida-Viru’s population. The first one is the labor gap between Estonians and non-Estonians, due to the latters' insufficient Estonian skills. In 2018 on the national level, the unemployment level of Estonians was almost three times lower (4.4%) compared to non-Estonian-speaking non-Estonians (13.0%). The second major gap is the gender pay gap, which in Ida-Viru is the highest in Estonia (27.9% as of 2019).  Unemployment rate in Ida-Virumaa has long exceeded the Estonian average. Pre-COVID 2019, the unemployment rate in Ida-Virumaa was 10,2%, being twice as high as in Estonia as a whole (5,3%). Unemployment rate as of 01.01.2021 is 13,9%.  Relative poverty is a daily reality for 35% of the county's population (vs. the Estonian average of 21%), and this share has steadily increased over the last decade. As of 2018, the relative poverty line is 576 euros per month per equivalent household member. Oil shale industry in the Ida-Viru region:  The oil shale sector has been strategically important for the Estonian economy since 1920’s and has substantially influenced the socio-economic and environmental conditions of Ida-Viru county. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 In 2019, oil shale industry accounted for an estimated ~5% of the national economy and ca 2.5% of total employment. Employees in the sector make up 13% of all employees in the region, but labor taxes paid for them account for 1/4 of the region's labor taxes.  The sector is undergoing major transition. The peak of oil shale mining and processing in Ida-Viru was in the 1980s, with over 14,000 people working in the mines alone. Since the 1990s the sector has been in decline (see Figure 7 below). As of 31.12.2019, 5,813 people worked in the oil shale sector in Ida-Virumaa. During 2020, 1,033 of them stopped working and another 43 contracts have been suspended.  The largest employer in the sector is the state energy company Eesti Energia and the related group of companies, which employ a total of almost 3,500 people. Figure 6: Profile of the core companies of the oil shale sector in the Ida-Viru region as of 2020 Figure 7: Ongoing transition: number of people, employed in the oil shale sector in Ida-Virumaa (1995 – 2020) Based on the information above, it is obvious that the transition to climate neutrality will have – and is already having – the largest impact specifically on the Ida-Viru region of Estonia. This corresponds to the conclusion of the Annex D of European Commission’s “Country Report Estonia 2020” (link, p 62). Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 2. ASSESSMENT OF TRANSITION CHALLENGES, FOR EACH OF THE IDENTIFIED TERRITORIES 2.1. Assessment of the economic, social and territorial impact of the transition to a climate-neutral economy of the Union by 2050 Text field [12000] Economic impact Companies in the oil shale sector are the cornerstone of Ida-Viru region’s economy, both in terms of their turnover and high impact on companies dependent on these companies. According to the study “Adaptation of Ida-Virumaa county´s economy and labor market to the reduction of oil shale industry” (link) by Praxis Centre for Policy Studies, we can best describe the economic impact of the shrinking oil shale sector on the economy of Ida-Virumaa via a cascading economic effect:  I tier – core companies of the oil shale sector;  II tier – entities, directly dependent on the core companies, whose services or products are largely directed at or receive significant input from oil shale sector’s core enterprises, e.g. producers of explosives, assemblers of thermomechanical and petrochemical equipment, etc. Due to such companies’ specific fields of activity, it will be difficult for them to re-profile in the absence of the oil shale sector;  III tier – indirectly dependent economic entities, for which the proximity of oil shale and tier II companies as well as related industrial infrastructure are beneficial and give a certain (scale) effect, e.g. regional cargo ports, manufacturers of workwear, installers and maintainers of various industrial equipment, hazardous waste handlers etc.;  IV tier – other indirectly dependent entities, such as service sector companies and SMEs. The shrinking of the oil shale sector effects these companies mostly through its employees, since the employees of the oil shale sector and their households consume the products and services of the tier IV companies;  V tier – other entities, e.g. various NGOs, government and state agencies. It is apparent that in addition to core oil shale sector companies, tier II and III entities are most at risk from the transition. According to the “Annual report of the oil shale sector 2019” (link), in 2019 the combined income of the companies in the oil shale sector was ca 725 mln €. Judging by the annual financial statements of the sector’s core companies, we can assume that at least 10% of the aforementioned income was spent procuring products or services from local businesses. Considering that a standard employment multiplier in Estonia is 6,2 jobs per every 1 mln € in sales, the disappearance of the oil shale sector would result in the immediate loss of 450 jobs in the direct partner-companies of the oil shale core companies alone. In addition, according to the study “Estonian national wealth created by the oil shale oil value chain”, carried out by KPMG Baltics in 2020 (link), one job in the oil shale sector generates anywhere between 1.3 to 3.9 indirect jobs in other sectors. This means, that the 4,737 jobs that existed in the oil shale sector as of January 2021 could have an influence on another 6,158 to 18,474 jobs in the region. Considering the total working population of Ida-Viru is ca 40,800 people, oil shale sector can have an impact on anywhere between 25% and 57% of Ida-Virumaa’s entire working population. In Estonia, local governments receive a part of the personal income tax of their residents and in Ida- Virumaa local income tax accounts for an average of 46% of municipalities’ income. In 2019, an average of 14% of this amount came from the income tax paid for the employees of the oil shale sector. In addition, municipalities benefit from the oil shale sector via fees for mining and special water use, on average amounting to only 4% of municipal income with two remarkable exeptions: Alutaguse municipality – 42%, and the town of Narva-Jõesuu – 11%. Therefore, the decline of the oil shale sector will decrease the combined income of Ida-Viru’s municipalities by 10% (ranging from 5% to 45% in individual municipalities), which has serious consequences for the capacity of Ida-Viru’s Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 municipalities to provide necessary services to their residents, such as social services, local transportation, waste management and upkeep of public infrastructure. Social impact Transition to a carbon-neutral economy in Ida-Virumaa can only be just and sustainable, if it includes the development of the wider educational and social systems, as this will determine, whether people will see the region as a place fit to live, work and invest in. The population of Ida-Virumaa has decreased from 221,807 people in 1990 to 133 888 in 2020, which is the largest decrease of population nationally. This has lead to a decrease in the working age population and an increase in the ratio of dependents. As a result, Ida-Virumaa stands out in terms of poorer socio-economic indicators (such as relative poverty, inequalities based on social, health- and social affiliation parameters, e.g. gender, age, disability, etc.) and therefore needs dedicated attention from ESF+ and other funds targeting social and territorial inclusion. The ongoing transition has the potential to exacerbate this situation further. The social impact of the transition manifests itself through the wellbeing of the employees of the oil shale sector and their families, as well as through wider repercussions. The average duration of employment in the oil shale sector is 10 years and the average monthly income is 1,663 euros (median salary 1,470 euros) with the average age of employees – 47 years. All this makes labor mobility difficult for the employees of the sector. An important trend is the decrease in the number of young employees in the oil shale sector. Proportion of people under 35 currently stands at 16% and in the last five years only 30% of new employees are under the age of 35. The attractiveness of jobs in the sector has been reduced by both the EU climate policy and Estonia's declaration of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. This outflux of youth manifests a wider issue: partly due to the region’s low wages and lack of job opportunities outside the energy sector, historically, the youth were reluctant to consider Ida-Viru as a place to live. In order to motivate them to stay, new creative jobs will need to be created. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Figure 8: profile of the employees of the oil shale sector’s core companies Ca 16,000 people, of which 3,500 are minors, live in households employed in the oil shale sector, with 34% of households having only one recipient of wage income. In the context of the decline of the oil shale sector, ca 8,000 people are at direct risk of falling below poverty line. As explained above, the decline of the oil shale sector also means an increasingly large hole in the budgets of the local municipalities, hindering them to provide adequate services to their communities. An increase in the number of recipients of subsistence benefits as a result of the transition poses an additional problem for local municipalities, since their ability to provide social assistance is low and capacity to apply for funding via social projects is often lacking. An invisible aspect of the transition is also its impact on the identity and cultural heritage of the region. Oil shale industry has been a source of pride for the local community since 1920’s, and has largely determined the values, attitudes and aspirations of local residents. In the context of the phase out of the oil shale sector, the identity of oil shale communities will need to be preserved and their continuity will need to be safeguarded, including paying attention to the tangible and non-tangible industrial heritage and culture. Environmental impact Exploitation of the region for oil shale has had a significant local environmental impact, which needs to be addressed. A total area of ~450 km2 has been mined for oil shale in Ida-Virumaa, with 300 km2 of it – underground. Collapsing of old and shallow (<15m) mine sites has increased recently, causing dangerous sudden changes in ground surface. Lower groundwater level in mining areas influences the water regime as well, undermining the ordovician aquifer (sulphates, coarseness) and rendering surface water in such areas unsuitable for drinking. This influences water-dependent ecosystems, which in case of Ida-Viru are mainly wetlands. The oil shale industry also produces almost 90% of all waste in Estonia. Although the waste rock from mining is today mostly inert, the old waste rock hills are a source of residual pollution. The recovery rate of oil shale waste is relatively small: while 60% of waste rock is reused, 97,6% of new oil shale ash is deposited in ash mountains. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Figure 9: Map of oil shale mining areas and ETS participant companies in Ida-Viru region All this has its impact on the health of Ida-Viru’s residents. First studies of the influence of oil shale on health dating back 30 years found increased levels of heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) metabolites among the population and workers in the oil shale sector. In 2014-2015 a preliminary study „Study of the Health Impact of Oil Shale Sector“ was conducted, confirming that the health status of residents of Ida-Viru County is worse in many respects than elsewhere in Estonia, with environmental pollution originating from the oil shale sector being one of the potential reasons. A comprehensive health study is needed to corroborate these findings. Potential growth areas Since Ida-Virumaa is a traditionally industrial area where people have the relevant knowledge, experience and habit of working in industrial companies, in restructuring the region’s economy one of the foci should be supporting the manufacturing industry. In case on new companies, it is critical to support developments which follow global technological trends and help Estonia achieve its climate goals, such as environmental and green technologies, renewable energy, circular industries, hydrogen production and the such. It is also important to keep the existing industries that still have growth potential due to their long-standing traditions, skilled labor and infrastructure, e.g. production of chemicals, plastics, metal products, textiles and clothing, electrical equipment and electronics, shipping equipment, mining of mineral resources. Manufacturing must be supported by the ICT sector, as a second priority, which will increase the competitiveness of local companies in the context of increasing automation and digitalisation. Other sectors that would further diversify the economy of Ida-Virumaa and advance its reputation should also be supported: construction, health and social work, cultural sector and creative industries, including the film industry, which is already present in the region and can use decommissioned mining and industrial sites as a unique advantage. All this will ensure a variety of employment opportunities for the residents, attract diverse talent, improve the attractiveness of the region and future-proof its economy. In the context of balanced development, improving the attractiveness of the Ida-Virumaa region as a whole is also important. Requalification needs: Based on the risk factors of various occupational groups (see Figure 8), about 49% of the entire oil shale sector workforce will need training or retraining in order to support their transition to new fields. The remaining 51% do not need further training or retraining as their skills are readily applicable in other fields, however, they may need additional job search support. The need for retraining is greatest in senior positions: retraining at higher education level is needed mainly for managers and top specialists (2% of the total need for in-service training and retraining) and at vocational level, especially for technicians and intermediate specialists (13% of the total need for in-service training and retraining). Replacing retraining with in-service training is possible primarily in the field of chemical and fuel technology, as there is a need for specialists in this field in the region due to the development of the chemical industry in fields other than oil shale chemistry. In the case of specialists in the field of mining, it is possible to replace retraining with in-service training if new opportunities for extracting other mineral resources arise in the region. Special attention needs to be paid to skilllworkers and machinery operators in order to support their transition to the specificities of other industries or applying skills in potential growth areas. In-service training should suffice in most cases, but there may also be a need for complete retraining due to an oversupply of skills or if there is a desire to apply oneself in a new field. In this case, there is high potential for work-based learning, which allows the acquired skills to be applied immediately in the workplace. Although the training offer in the region is already diverse today, it is important to keep in mind the possible new growth areas in the Ida-Viru region. The potential target group for in-service training and retraining in the oil shale sector exceeds the current capacity of vocational schools, which is why Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 it is important to prepare educational institutions for the growing training demand, especially in potential growth areas. Regardless of the occupational group, it is important to secure an offering of Russian-language curricula in order to support the readiness of adult learners to study in a familiar language environment. The study should be supported by in-depth Estonian language study and, if necessary, professional language study (incl. English language study) in order to develop the readiness to work in different language environments. 2.2. Development needs and objectives by 2030 in view of reaching climate neutrality by 2050 Text field [6000] The general objective of Estonia’s TJTP is to enable the transition to a climate-neutral economy in a way that guarantees the well-being of the population and continuing functioning of local governments of the Ida-Viru region, while supporting the entrepreneurs in identifying and implementing new business opportunities resulting from the transition. In order to accomplish this, the first and foremost challenge of the transiton is transforming the economy of the Ida-Viru region with the view of diversifying it and creating new high value-added jobs. Both the Praxis Centre for Policy Studies analysis quoted above and Ida-Viru’s “Business Plan” (or “Plan B”, please see chapter 2.3 below) observe that, granted decades of industrial development, robust infrastructural networks, a wealth of both greenfield- and brownfield development areas and a hard-working workforce with strong STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) skills, modern manufacturing industry should be the top priority for Ida-Virumaa in the context of transitioning to a climate-neutral economy. At the same time, both studies point out that the key to a successful economic transformation lies in diversification both in the areas highlighted as potential growth areas in the chapter 2.1 above and focus areas chosen by Estonia in its smart specialisation strategy (see chapter 2.3 below), and also in auxiliary fields. Regardless of the sphere of activity, the goal needs to be the development of higher value-added products and services which will in turn create jobs above the average wage level in their respective sectors. This goal will require leveraging the expertise of local research institutions to raise local companies' technology awareness, and support them in taking on research and development (R&D) and innovation activities of their own. Diversification is not something we can hope to happen naturally, so establishing a dedicated support infrastructure for the emergence of a lively ecosystem of microenterprises, start-ups, creative industries, ICT and other auxiliary fields will be paramount to the holistic transformation of the region’s economy. To unlock this transformation, we will need to address market failures in access to capital for investments and R&D. SMEs in the Ida-Viru region have historically had trouble raising necessary capital, therefore effort must be made to make sure that the existing local enterprises have access to necessary capital in order to participate in the actions foreseen in this territorial just transition plan (TJTP). The second major challenge posed by the transition is supporting the people and communities impacted by the transition process. Through the Just Transition Fund (JTF), we will need to provide a safety net for those whose transition will start with losing their income. We need to encourage effective re-profiling and provide comprehensive labor mobility solutions for the employees of the oil shale sector, if we want to avoid long-term unemployment and poverty. On the other hand, since 34% of households related to the oil shale sector have only one recepient of wage income and in the absolute majority of cases he is male, Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 it is important to empower women and make sure that the transition supports a wider socio- economic change by integrating previously unemployed members of households into the workforce and providing them with the necessary support for them to address the issues that have so far excluded them from the labor market. Decades of focusing on industrial labor has also had its impact on Ida-Virumaa peoples’ entrepreneural ambitions, which are among the lowest in Estonia, and estranged the region’s youth (see chapter 3 below). Therefore, in addition to re-profiling of the oil shale sector employees, the region will need a wider augmented training programme ensuring future students' proficiency in at least three languages, strong digital competencies, an entrepreneurial attitude and enthusiasm about their role in transforming their home region. Investments will need to be made into local governments, e.g. in the field of providing social and care services (since a lot of associated activities could previously be performed by the unemployed members of oil shale households), energy performance, which will allow local governments’ to trim their expences, and local mobility in order to knit the region – and its transforming economy – closer together. Alternative climate-neutral heating solutions will also need to be developed for the larger municipalities of Ida-Virumaa, since historically they have been heated by waste heat and gases from electricity production and shale oil production. It is important to keep in mind that people are not merely subjects of the transition, but also makers of it. The local community has not yet been able to recover fully from the disillusionment and social numbness that followed the collapse of the local industry some thirty years ago, so it is paramount to ensure “ownership” of the transition towards a climate-neutral economy by the local community via encouraging individual agency in the process. In turn, this puts extra pressure on communicating the transition – in a language understandable to the local population – not just carrying it out. During the transition we will also need to address the legacy environmental and health effects of oil shale exploitation through rewilding and rehabilitation of contaminated brownfield sites, increasing the region’s circular capacity (while developing it as part of restructuring the economy) and better understanding the health effects of oil shale processing. Responces to the aforementioned development needs will have to address effectively both the immediate effects of the transition (e.g. labor support schemes) and the long-term structural changes needed in the Ida-Viru region (e.g. economic diversification, education, health). 2.3. Consistency with other relevant national, regional or territorial strategies and plans Text field [6000] Apart from aferomentioned Estonia’s climate and energy related strategies that provide the overall framework for Estonia’s transition to a climate-neutral economy, the strategic framework of Estonia’s TJTP is established by two strategic documents: the national “Ida-Viru action plan for the period of 2015-2030” and the regional “Ida-Viru county development strategy for the period 2019-2030”. NB! Both documents are being revised concurently with the preparation of Estonia’s TJTP, therefore some of the information below might be outdated and will be updated by final submission of Estonia’s TJTP. The general logic and hierarchy of documents is valid. The “Ida-Viru action plan for the period of 2015-2030” is a national strategic document, which aims to support the development of Ida-Virumaa as an economically and strategically important region of Estonia. Based on regional studies of development needs, the action plan aims to contextualize various national strategies to the Ida-Viru region and plan specific actions on the national level (mainly actions by ministeries to speed up the region’s development and to support the implementation of the regional development strategy by adding new region-specific interventions or adjusting terms for national or EU funds usage). Among the strategies used as the base for the action plan are the “Estonian Regional Development action plan” and Estonian long-term development Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 strategy “Eesti 2035”. Ida-Viru action plan will be renewed, as several national sectoral strategies are being updated in the coming years. The implementation of the Just Transition Mechanism (hereafter: JTM) comprises only a part of the action plan. JTF investments are complementary to the rest of the OP and specifically targeted at Ida- Virumaa. The Ministry of Finance of Estonia is the responsible body for drawing up, monitoring the progress and updating the action plan. The “Ida-Viru county development strategy for the period 2019-2030” (link) is a regional strategic document that is drawn up by the Association of Local Authorities of Ida-Viru County in close cooperation with local stakeholders, and is the territorial strategy in the sense referred to in Article 23 of the new Common Provision Regulation (hereafter: CPR). The strategy defines the local vision for the development of Ida-Viru and outlines the most important regional development priorities for the period until 2030. As such, the strategy is the blueprint for setting up joint activities between county's eight local government units and their cooperation partners, planning joint investments of country- wide importance, and applying for support for such investments. The vision layed out in the strategy is that “by 2030, Ida-Viru will be an economically well-developed region with fast transport connections and a valued living environment, forming a part of the developing economic area of the Gulf of Finland”. To achieve this vision, the strategy defines sectoral goals, and also features a system of sectorial “sub-plans”:  “Plan B” – regional business plan for business development and investment;  “Plan C” – regional plan to reduce carbon emissions;  “Plan G” – regional green plan for boosting green-, bio-, blue- and circular economy sectors;  “Plan E” – regional education plan. The biggest challenge, layed out in the county's development strategy is how to ensure the availability of high-quality public services, economic development and the well-being of the population in a region with a declining and aging population. Being a border region of the EU, the activities planned in and the expected results of the development strategy of Ida-Viru county depend heavily on the changing external environment, including EU’s relationship with Russia. The “Ida-Viru county development strategy for the period 2019-2030” is currently being revised and is to be adopted by Ida-Viru region’s local governments in 2022. Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Figure 10: The strategic framework of Estonia’s territorial just transition plan (TJTP) Conceptually, Estonia’s TJTP is the result of the two aferomentioned strategic documents, overlayed on top of each other and looked at specifically through the lens of the transition to a climate-neutral economy. Although the transition process itself is very long-term, the TJTP focuses on the period until 2030. Apart from the Ida-Viru action plan and development strategy, the TJTP is supported by the “County- wide spatial plan of Ida-Viru County 2030+”, which covers the whole territory of the Ida-Viru county and lends local strategic documents a spatial dimension by defining main directions of Ida- Viru’s spatial development and serving as the base for developing comprehensive plans for individual municipalities’. The county-wide spatial plan defines in broad strokes the region’s land use, location of industrial areas and other areas with opportunities for development, corridors reserved for existing and planned infrastructure, objects and landscapes of high cultural and environmental significance, etc. Apart from the aforementioned documents, Ida-Viru is also subject to Estonia’s Smart Specialization Strategy, which currently includes five areas of focus:  digital solutions in all spheres of life;  health related technologies and services;  valorization of local natural resources;  smart, sustainable and climate-neutral energy solutions;  vigorous environment for Estonian society, language and culture. Since Estonia is a single NUTS2 unit, national strategies apply to the whole territory of Estonia, including the Ida-Viru region. 2.4. Types of operations envisaged Text field [12000] The operations envisaged in this TJTP and described in detail below aim to alleviate in the most effective fashion the unique challenges faced by the Ida-Viru region in view of the transition to a Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 carbon-neutral economy and take into account both the potential growth areas and regional development needs. Conceptually, Estonia’s JTF programme is split into two main strands. The first strand is called “Economy and labour” and aims to solve the main challenge of the transition: restructuring and diversifying the local economy and workforce. Actions foreseen as part of the first programmatic strand largely correspond to activities described in points a, b, c, d, k, l and m of paragraph 2 Article 8 of the Regulation establishing the Just Transition Fund. The second strand is called “Environment and social inclusion” and tackles the social, environmental and community aspects of the transition. Actions foreseen as part of this programmatic strand largely correspond to activities described in points d, e, f, g, h, i, j and o of paragraph 2 Article 8 of the JTF Regulation. For most interventions, the process of applying for funding will be competitive, being based on open calls. For each action, a set of conditions will be established, under which project ideas may be submitted; the incoming ideas will then be assessed and granted funding based on fulfilling these conditions. The focus of Estonia’s TJTP is on supporting the growth, diversification and competitiveness of SMEs. However, given the fact that the absolute majority of businesses operating in Estonia can be qualified as SMEs, a more nuanced approach to designing adequate support mechanisms will be necessary in case of Estonia. The resulting JTF programming structure is as follows: Name of the Brief description intervention Programmatic strand nr.1: Economy and labour Ida-Viru grand The goal of this action is to diversify the region's economy by investment grant supporting new large-scale productive investments in businesses with higher value-added jobs. Projects compete for funding in three categories: a) medium-sized new projects with the total amount of investment falling under 50 mln €, b) large new projects above 50 mln €, c) reprofiling projects. The measure will be available to both SMEs and larger companies (please see an indicative list below), provided they comply with the requirements set out in the JTF Regulation. Funding will be distributed via open calls. Increasing the The intervention has two aims: knowledge intensity 1) To support R&D and innovation activities, aimed at developing of Ida-Viru higher value-added products and services and thus creating jobs above enterpreneurship the average wage level in their respective sectors. The intervention will be available to private enterprises, both SMEs and larger companies, provided they comply with the requirements set out in the JTF Regulation. Funding will be distributed via open calls. 2) To empower local educational and research institutions, e.g. support research and development in areas relevant to the needs of the local business, establishment of special-purpose labs, hiring research staff, etc. Research topics are to be funded through research grants. Services in support The intervention will include advisory and development services of economic supporting the establishment of new companies and improving the diversification capacity of existing ones, revitalizing the regional business environment (including development of the start-up, tourism and creative economy ecosystem) and introducing the region as a destination for foreign investment, tourism and living. Funding will be distributed via a programme-based action and investment plan in two- Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 year sprints through local strategic partners, such as regional development organisations. Ida-Viru SMEs The purpose of this intervention is to increase the long-term investment grant competitiveness and export capacity of small and micro enterprises operating in Ida-Virumaa through supporting the development of innovative, circular and higher value-added products, services, technologies and processes or increasing the human and structural capital of region’s small businesses. The service or process developed under this scheme need not be market-oriented, but may also be aimed at increasing the company's internal capacity to develop and implement new and higher value-added product- or service-related processes, including staff development, sales and marketing, production and service processes etc. Funding will be distributed via open calls. JTF labor market Two intervention consists of two actions: measures 1) Temporary income support for oil shale sector workers, who are transitioning into new jobs. The action aims to temporarily reduce the disparity between the previous and the new income level for employees leaving the oil shale sector. This will motivate them to start a new job sooner, helping avoid long-term unemployment. The main component of the support measure is the partial compensation of the difference in wages for a certain period of time for former employees of the oil shale sector. 2) Reskilling and upskilling programmes, which will include an improved in-service, preventive and re-training offering, supporting the smooth transition of people leaving the oil shale sector for other fields or their re-profiling within the same company. The measure mostly targets current and former employees of the oil-shale sector. Funding will be distributed programmatically. Increasing the The intervention aims to broaden educational capacity in Ida-Viru volume of in-service county by better integrating formal and non-formal education, as well training, vocational as tying education with other spheres of life (e.g. entrepreneurship, and higher education tourism), developing digital competences, introducing lifelong offering learning, linking vocational education more effectively with entrepreneurship, etc. The measure aims to ensure students' proficiency in at least three languages, strong digital competencies and an entrepreneurial attitude. The target group of the measure are the youth (including prospective and current students), companies interested in raising the qualification of their employees, as well as currently employed persons engaging in life-long learning. Funding will be distributed programmatically. Programmatic strand nr.2: Environment and social inclusion Decoupling district Ida-Virumaa county is the last region in Estonia where fossil fuels are heating from oil used in district heating on a large scale, since the residual heat of the shale oil shale industry and electricity production is used to heat buildings. As the oil shale sector shrinks, the municipalities of Ida-Viru risk being left without viable heating solutions in the foreseeable future. This intervention will support investments in decoupling district heating from oil shale, including construction of combined heat and power (CHP) plants based on biomass, fuel switching to renewable sources, Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 etc. Funding will be distributed on a competitive basis between local heat providers. Alleviating The intervention aims at alleviating the legacy environmental effects of environmental and oil shale exploitation, thus creating preconditions for reuse of health impacts of oil contaminated areas for e.g. forestry, brownfield industrial shale mining and development, etc. The measure consists of three actions: a) processing decontamination and/or rewilding of brownfield areas, b) improving local hazardous waste processing and circularity capacity, c) carrying out biomonitoring, which will help assess human exposure to natural and synthetic compounds in the living and working environment. Funding will be distributed programmatically. Empowering The aim of the intervention is to create a unified and easily accessible people's wellbeing in network of social and health care services in the region, develop better Ida-Virumaa links between the health and social care systems, including child protection, thereby contributing to the process of the socio-economic transition in Ida-Virumaa. Funding will be distributed programmatically. Local government In the context of shrinking municipal budgets, this intervention intends investments in JTF- to support local governments of Ida-Viru in making necessary eligible areas investments that support the transition, e.g. construction of training centers, setting up welfare and childcare facilities, improving the energy efficiency of public buildings, developing sustainable mobility, promoting circular economy, etc. Funding will be distributed via open calls. Support for regional The intervention aims to give a "human dimension" to the transition initiatives amplifying process by supporting grassroot initiatives, e.g. community-based the just transition educational and social inclusion initiatives; promotion of environmental awareness and circular practices; social, cultural and other innovation; preservation, development and interpretation of local industrial heritage and identity; youth-oriented and youth- initiated activities, etc. The positive side effects of this measure are the growth of civil society, improvement of the feeling of belonging in people living in a historically difficult region, the increase of the region's attractiveness and the development of social entrepreneurship. Funding will be distributed via open calls. Expected contribution to alleviating the impact of the transition: Total JTF allocation to Estonia currently stands at 353,90 mln, including 14,16 mln technical assistance. Given Ida-Viru region’s current population within NUTS3 borders being 133 888 people (as of 01.01.2021), the resulting aid intensity is 2 643 eur / person. Some of the expected outcomes of the aforementioned actions are:  > 400 SME’s supported through the various interventions;  > 2,000 new jobs created in supported enterprises;  > 300 million € of additional private investment mobilized;  17,500 participants in training courses based on the skill demands of employers;  150 MW of additional renewable energy production capacity in district heating;  60 ha of rehabilitated land used for green areas, economic or other uses. Indicative list of productive investments to enterprises other than SMEs Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Since allocation of JTF funds for enterprises in Ida-Virumaa will be based on open calls, it is impossible to know in advance, what enterprises or operations will apply for funding, and hense no priliminary commitments can be made in advance. However, some operations that have been signaled for support through the JTF by enterprises other than SMEs during the preparation of this TJTP are the following: 1. Ragn Sells AS: a. The goal of the project is to produce high purity level precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC, used as a raw material in the production of construction materials, paper, etc.) from the waste of electricity production, the oil shale ash. PCC produced from oil shale ash is sustainable as it avoids limestone mining and the following CO2-intensive PCC production. In the first phase of the project, 2025-2035 the focus will be on refining the technology and using fresh ash to produce 0.5 million tons of PCC annually by valorising 1 million ton of ash. This will help avoid further depositing of new ash waste and related environmental issues. In the second stage (starting 2035) the goal of the project is to use the deposited ashes, scaling the production of PCC to 7.5 million tons annually. With mentioned production capacity, there will be enough raw material available for at least next 40 years. The project will generate 50+ direct jobs. 2. Eesti Energia AS: a. Converting one of the blocks of the Baltic Power Plant in Narva to biomass. Total investment need: 50-80 mln €. Number of jobs protected: ca 150. b. Converting Auvere Power Plant to biomass. Total investment need: 60-100 mln €. Number of jobs protected: ca 200. c. Building a Pumped hydroelectric power station on the grounds of the Baltic Electricity Plant or Auvere Electricity Plant. Total investment need: 40-100 mln €. Number of jobs created: ca 25, plus ca 400 temporary jobs during the construction process. d. Hydrogen production and end-use in gas infrastructure and heavy transport. The project is possible to implement either immediately by connecting the Narva Ash Fields wind farm to electrolysers or by adding electrolysers to the Baltic Power Plant or the Auvere Power Plant, once they are converted to biomass. Total investment need: 30-60 mln €. Number of jobs protected: TBC. e. Launch of an employee retraining programme in co-operation with the Virumaa College of TalTech and the Ida-Virumaa Vocational Education Center. The programme would include study of IoT (Internet of Things) and an establishment of a hydrogen storage competence center. Total investment need: 5-20 mln €. f. Establishment of a Renewable Energy Maintenance Center. Employees leaving the oil shale sector would be eligible to join the Center upon retraining: production managers, engineers, heads of the maintenance and repairs who already have higher professional training would receive training as wind farm managers and regional managers; operators and others would be eligible to work as maintenance engineers and specialists. In total, about 150 employees could receive retraining. 3. Aquaphor International OÜ a. An extension of an existing facility by an existing company, producing water filters. The list will be expanded by final submission. Exhaustive list of investments to achieve the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from activities listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC To be elaborated by final submission. Synergies and complementarities with other relevant Union programmes When programming the use of the JTF, activities funded through other structural funds and national programmes for the period 2021-2027, including REACT-EU, the Restructuring Facility (RRF) and the ETS trading revenue have been taken into account. In this TJTP it is proposed to only finance such measures that have no nationally planned analogues or do have analogues, but their volume is insufficient to support a truly just transition for Ida-Virumaa. The cumulative impact of all measures covered by all the different funding sources, including special solutions and major projects directed Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 to Ida-Virumaa financed from other sources, will be reflected in the implementation plan of the Ida- Virumaa Action Plan 2015-2030. Synergies and complementarities with other pillars of the Just Transition Mechanism To be elaborated by final submission. Sectors and areas to be supported under pillars 2 and 3 of the Just Transition Mechanism To be elaborated by final submission. 3. GOVERNANCE MECHANISMS 3.1. Partnership Text field [5000] In accordance with the Article 6 of the new CPR, in preparing this TJTP Estonia has organised and implemented a comprehensive partnership taking into account the specificities of the JTF. On the national level, the Ministry of Finance established a Steering Committee for the preparation and monitoring of the TJTP. The Steering committee includes 18 main stakeholders: relevant ministries, the Association of Local Authorities of Ida-Viru County (IVOL) and other regional bodies, representatives of employers, employees, SMEs, environmental NGOs, universities etc. The steering committee also acts as a working group under the Monitoring Committee (according to Art 15 of Commission Delegated Regulation 240/2014). On the regional level, IVOL established a regional Just Transition Platform, bringing together 52 regional and other stakeholders. In addition, other „soft“ networking structures (regional science council, education and tourism clusters etc.) provide input for both the TJTP and the regional development strategy. We intend to integrate necessary capacity building activities of both partners and beneficiaries of the JTF into the interventions listed in chapter 2.4. However, there are several administrative capacity related needs that we intend to support under JTF Technical Assistance, namely:  Dedicated communication focusing on the Russian-speaking beneficiaries / community;  Empowering the main regional coordinating body – IVOL – in securing efficient information flows and assistance to beneficiaries for project preparation / coordination and increasing the transition-related knowledge among regional partners;  Providing opportunities for IVOL and the beneficiaries to participate in EU-wide just transition networks, best practice sharing and skills development activities;  Increasing the capacity of main societal stakeholders (trade unions, business and environmental organisations) for active participation in the just transition process. Outcome of public consultation In addition to setting up the Steering Committee and the regional Just Transition Platform, diverse public consultation activities – incl. public seminars, written consultations, focus groups, discussions with stakeholders, public communication and information dissemination etc. – were carried out during the preparation of this TJTP. In the summer of 2020, a public opinion poll was carried out, aiming to gauge local residents’ satisfaction with the region’s current state and validating future development needs. The poll yielded over 1,500 responces. According to the poll, half of the respondents were satisfied with the natural environment of Ida-Viru and the diversity of places to visit; almost a third was also satisfied with the region’s cultural diversity, public spaces, educated and hard-working people, transport connections. Job creation, development of the business environment and competitive wages were the most frequently mentioned development needs. In transitioning to a new economy, finding new functions Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 for unused mining and industrial sites, developing the industrial sector and creating new companies were deemed most important areas of focus. According to the poll, the youth (persons under 30 years of age) diverge in their responces from the mainstream perception of Ida-Viru’s development needs and objectives: they are less satisfied with the region’s sites, educated and hard-working people, cultural diversity and public spaces, and more satisfied with an active and frugal local community and local public services. In prioritizing development objectives, the youth consider it important to invest in renewable energy, while industrial development, exploitation of new mineral resources, the modernization of the oil shale industry and creation of new companies seem less important. In a series of dedicated focus-groups it became apparent that the youth consider the man-made environment of Ida-Viru outdated and opportunities for active transport modes lacking; they value friendliness and kindness – qualities they struggle to see in the current older generation – and see their future in jobs that require interacting with people or are creative (incl. the IT sector). 3.2. Monitoring and evaluation The monitoring of the JTF interventions will be taking place continuously throughout the implementation period in accordance with the indicators outlined in chapter 2.5. There will also be two overarching evaluations: a preliminary assessment will be prepared during year 2023 and carried out in 2024; the final assessment will be prepared during 2029 and carried out in 2030. Both assessments will address the progress of the JTF, but will also take into account the projects within the II and III pillars of the JTM, projects within the scope of Policy Objective 5 (Estonia closer to citizens) that take place specifically in Ida-Virumaa, as well as other measures directed specifically at Ida-Virumaa. This approach will guarantee that the JTF is analysed in complimentarity with other actions. 3.3. Coordination and monitoring body / bodies In case of the JTF in Estonia, implementing bodies (i.e. 2nd level intermediate bodies) will be the same as in case of structural funds interventions, so the Structural Funds OP Monitoring Committee will be the body responsible for coordination and monitoring the implementation of the JTF. All relevant ministries and main national umbrella partner organisations (labour unions, business organisations, environmental organisations, association of local governments, academia etc.) are members of the Monitoring Committee. The JTF Steering Committee (described above) will act as a working group under the Monitoring Committee. 4. PROGRAMME-SPECIFIC OUTPUT OR RESULT INDICATORS Programme-specific indicators are only envisaged for actions regarding local government investments in JTF-eligible areas and support for regional initiatives amplifying the just transition. Both of these actions allow applicants to prepare a wider range of operations and therefore require programme-specific indicators to avoid using multiple indications with a very limited number of operations corresponding to each output or result indicator. Table 164: Output indicators Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 Specific ID [5] Indicator [255] Measurement unit Milestone Target objective (2024) (2029) JTF RCO 01 Enterprises supported Nr of enterprises TBC TBC JTF RCO 02 Enterprises supported by grants Nr of enterprises TBC TBC JTF RCO 04 Enterprises with non-financial Nr of enterprises TBC TBC support JTF RCO 10 Enterprises cooperating with Nr of enterprises TBC TBC research institutions JTF EECO 11 Total number of participants Nr of participants TBC TBC JTF RCO 22 Additional production capacity for MW TBC TBC renewable energy JTF RCO 38 Surface area of rehabilitated land ha TBC TBC supported JTF N/A Volume of investments euro TBC TBC JTF N/A Number of participating Nr of organisations TBC TBC organisations Table 165: Result indicators Specifi ID Indicator Measurem Baseline Referen Target Source of Comme c [5] [255] ent unit or ce year (2029) data nts objecti reference [200] [200] ve value JTF RCR Jobs created in Nr of jobs 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 01 supported project entities reports JTF RCR Private euro 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 02 investments project matching reports public support JTF RCR Small and Nr of 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 03 medium-size enterprises project enterprises reports (SMEs) introducing product or process innovation JTF RCR SMEs Nr of 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 04 introducing enterprises project marketing or reports organisational innovation JTF RCR SMEs Nr of 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 05 innovating in- enterprises project house reports JTF RCR Research jobs Nr of jobs 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 102 created in project supported reports entities JTF EEC Participants Nr of 0 2021 TBC SFOS / R 03 gaining a participants Statistics qualification Estonia upon leaving JTF EEC Participants in Nr of 0 2021 TBC SFOS / R 04 employment, participants Statistics including self- Estonia employment, upon leaving Tööversioon, 6.07.2021 JTF RCR Estimated t CO2eq 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 29 greenhouse gas project emissions reports JTF RCR Rehabilitated ha 0 2021 TBC SFOS / 52 land used for project green areas, reports social housing, economic or other uses JTF N/A Public services Nr of 0 2021 TBC SFOS / with improved services project quality reports JTF N/A Additional euro 0 2021 TBC SFOS / funding raised project by reports participating organisations