Saatja: "Michael See" <
[email protected]>
Saaja:
[email protected],
[email protected], "Invest In Estonia" <
[email protected]>,
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected], "Rasmus Noormägi" <
[email protected]>,
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected], "MKM info",
[email protected]
Teema: Re: Climate change fund, estonia
Kuupäev: 2023-02-09 09:50
Dear Indrek
We met in Tallinn in 2009, my regards to Andres.
Dear Ms Bantseko (Environment)
We also met in Tallinn in 2009
Enc our initiatives to meet the objective of the Paris Climate Agreement
We hope these are of interest and look forward to hearing from you
With best regards
Mr. Michael See
Principal, Integra Clean Energy
Author, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Global Business Aspects
Pavilion Tower
16th Floor
Jalan Raja Chulan
50200 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Tel +603 2182 9776
Cell +65 9734 8618
Fax +603 2182 9797
Email <mailto:
[email protected]>
[email protected]
Web <https://www.integracleanenergy.com/>
https://www.integracleanenergy.com/
Climate Change – Let us keep it below 1.5 Degrees for future generations
On Thu, Aug 8, 2019 at 3:20 AM Michael See
<
[email protected]
<mailto:
[email protected]> > wrote:
8 Aug 2019
Dear Keit
Introduction – Integra Global Renewable Energy ESG Fund
I apologize for contacting you as we have tried to find projects from your
country since the beginning of this year and have no received projects that
we can raise capital to invest.
My experience with Estonia is:
European Business Sourcebook: Foreign Direct Investments in East & West
Europe
Published by International Thomson Business Press in 1998, London
Authors: Michael See and Stefan Zhurek
A copy of the book can be reviewed at the British Library in Euston, London.
The country preface in the book was provided by:
Andreas Tarand
“The Role of Foreign Direct Investments in Estonia“
Mr Allan Sepp
Mr Andrew Inkley-Leitch
Mr Agu Remmelg
Mr Tit Reiman
Integra Clean Energy is developing a new global renewable energy ESG equity
and bond financing initiative to accelerate local and regional renewable
energy power generation and integration with transmission networks and
infrastructure.
We would like to request summary project pipeline information so that we can
size our equity and bond funds, aiming for first closing in Q3-Q4 this year.
We hope that our initiatives can create more employment in your renewable
energy industry sector, strengthen renewable energy capacity and
integration, and reduce the cost of energy to commerce, industry and end
consumers.
Project Proposal Guidelines – Simplified Excel Template
Enclosed is a simplified Excel template that the government or private
sector can use to provide information on prospective projects. The
guidelines are provided in the template.
You can find more information on Integra Clean Energy on our website, for
more information on our role, types of projects, fund and ESG, please refer
to the following sections of our website:
Fund Page
Sectors Page/Role/Twelve sectors/Provision of services
Sectors Page/Renewable Energy Fund
Sectors Page/Environmental and Social Governance
Please kindly share the Project Template with the Government and Private
Sector.
Let us do our best for future generations to slow down climate change.
With best regards
Michael See
Principal
Integra Clean Energy
Integra Tower
28th Floor
348 Jalan Tun Razak
Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Tel +603 2775 9727
Cell +60 10 4311376
Cell +65 9734 8618
Email <mailto:
[email protected]>
[email protected]
Website <http://integracleanenergy.com/> http://integracleanenergy.com/
Website <http://www.integracleanenergy.com/>
http://www.integracleanenergy.com/
Climate Change – Let’s keep it below 2 Degrees for future generations
CLIMATE DECADE CHALLENGE
2023-2033
INTEGRA CLEAN ENERGY
Edition: 4 February 2023
AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY
GLOBAL AND LOCAL RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS
PROMOTING UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Goal 1: No Poverty
Create new jobs in the renewable energy and infrastructure industry to local communities
Goal 5: Gender Equality
Increase women employment in the renewable energy value chain including management
Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation
Utilize renewable energy for desalination and wastewater treatment
Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy including access to electricity
Reduce electricity cost through renewable energy generation and transmission to the public
Goal 13: Climate Action
Invite all countries/states to join a global climate bank to finance renewable energy projects
PROMOTING UNITED NATIONS
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Climate Strategy
Global and Regional Climate Funds, RAIF, Luxembourg SICAV RAIF SCA, Closed-End Fund
Global Climate Bank: Concessional Loans, Euro Medium-Term Notes Issuance Program, Luxembourg
Direct Investment: Arranged in Luxembourg: Co-Investment/Direct Investment Vehicles in Projects
Country ESG Funds
Investment Strategy: Greenfield Renewable Energy Projects to meet Paris Climate Agreement Goals
Wind, Solar, Pumped Hydro Storage, Bioenergy, Small Hydro, Geothermal
Power/Heat/Green Hydrogen Purchase Agreements - Govt, City, Community, Corporate, Genco, Disco, Retail, PPP
Energy Storage: Solar/Hydrogen CHP Homes/Commerce/Industry; Industrial Scale Caverns; Pumped Hydro
Green Transport: Charging Stations, Green Hydrogen for Passenger/Commercial Vehicles, Aviation, Shipping
Transmission: Private, JV govt/private - Acceptable weighted average cost of capital, PPP
ESG Mandate to provide pro-bono impact contribution to host project communities
Target Net Return: 12%-15% over 15 year period
CAPITAL AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
THE ROLE OF INTEGRA CLEAN ENERGY AND PARTNERS
▪ Integra Clean Energy was founded in 2019 by a group of consultants with experience in renewable energy, electricity generation,
transmission and distribution, electricity markets, project management, asset management, indigenous community participation,
public private partnerships and works with local and international partners in energy and infrastructure projects.
Role
▪ Origination and scoping of greenfield renewable energy projects: wind, solar, bioenergy, small hydro and geothermal;
pumped hydro and battery storage projects; green hydrogen fuel cell and battery electric vehicles charging stations;
green hydrogen infrastructure for road transport, aviation, shipping; food security enhancement, digital microgrids for
distributed energy resources.
▪ Preliminary due diligence on renewable energy resource and green transport infrastructure
▪ Coordination with country public and private stakeholders, project community stakeholders
▪ ESG environmental, social, corporate and public sector governance
▪ Contractual arrangement with off-takers and counter parties
▪ Negotiation and finalization of sales contract
▪ Capital raising of equity and debt with partners, financial close
▪ Shortlisting of consultants, contractors and service providers
▪ Project management on construction and asset management with partners
INTEGRA CLEAN ENERGY TEAM AND PARTNERS EXPERIENCE
▪ TECHNICAL ▪ COMMERCIAL & FINANCIAL
▪ Biomass ▪ Energy Asset Management
▪ Biogas ▪ Currency and Interest Rate Hedging
▪ Distributed Energy Resources ▪ Development Financing
▪ Electric Vehicles: Battery and Fuel Cell ▪ Electricity Markets
▪ EV Chargers and Hydrogen Refuelling Dispensers ▪ Electricity Trading/Hedging
▪ EV Charging Stations, Forecourt Electrolysis Stations ▪ Emissions Trading/Hedging
▪ Geothermal ▪ Enterprise Risk Management
▪ Green Fertilizer, Green Ammonia with/without Hydrogen ▪ Fixed Income and EMTN
▪ Green Fertilizer, Nitrogen and Water Synthesis ▪ M&A, Energy Assets
▪ Green Hydrogen ▪ Power Purchase Agreement
▪ Hydro, Pumped Hydro Storage ▪ Public Private Partnership
▪ Solar, Homes, Fuel Cell Hot Water, Electricity, Storage, Supply ▪ Project Development
▪ Solar, Rooftop, Ground Mounted, Floating ▪ Project Finance
▪ Transmission, AC, HVDC, Overhead, Underground, Subsea ▪ Renewable Energy Portfolio Structuring
▪ Wind, Onshore, Offshore ▪ Structured Finance
▪ Virtual Power Plant, Aggregation ▪ Virtual Power Plant, Trading/Hedging
▪ Shortlisted Contractors:
Tier 1 and Tier 2, above technologies ▪ Integra Clean Energy website: Team experience
UN: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.5 DEGREES BY 2050, INTEGRA: 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
▪The Role of Integra Clean Energy and its Partners
▪Integra Clean Energy and Partners Experience
▪The Climate Crisis, The Emissions Gap to 2050
▪The Climate Solution and Assumptions
▪Global Climate ESG Fund and Direct Investment Vehicle: Power and Transport
▪EU Climate, USA Climate, ESG Fund and Direct Investment: Vehicle Power, Transport and Industrial Emissions
▪Africa, Caribbean-Latin American, Middle East, Indo-Pacific, ESG Fund and Direct Investment Vehicle: Power and Transport
▪Global Climate Bank: Concessionary loans based on 20-year US Treasury interest rates
▪Project Guide: Overview of project size and operating parameters; Power Generation, Green Mobility EV Battery and Fuel Cells
▪Green Hydrogen: Household, Commerce, Industry, Power and Heat applications
▪Energy and Food Security Matrix: Global Summary Matrix and Country Matrix
▪Countries for Investments: Provisional List (subject to revision/update)
▪Investment Platforms: Summary of Entry Points for Investments
▪Country Renewable Energy ESG Fund and Renewable Energy Direct Investment ESG Vehicle Formation Services
▪ESG: Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance, to include Public Governance
▪Conference Calls of 21 Oct 2022 and 5 Dec 2022: Discussions on formation of Global Climate Fund and Global Climate Bank
▪Status on Initiatives at 31 January 2023
▪Cost of Mitigating Climate Change
▪Tuvalu: Construction of Man-Made island south of Funafuti for future generations
* Assuming Integra’s annual investments cover generation, transmission and charging to EVs; and other investors cover generation,
EVs, energy efficiency, industry, forestry, agriculture and buildings
THE CLIMATE CRISIS
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
▪Source: Our World in Data, Climate Action Tracker, CO2 eq. tons, degrees Centigrade
▪By 2030: No Climate Policies: 65 bn tons, 3.2 degrees; Current policies: 50 bn tons, 2.9 degrees
▪By 2050: No Climate Policies: 80 bn tons, 4.2 degrees; Current policies: 45 bn tons, 2.8 degrees > Integra to cut emissions by 32 bn tons
▪By 2100: No Climate Policies: 125 bn tons, 4.4 degrees; Current policies: 30 bn tons, 2.7 degrees
THE CLIMATE CRISIS
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
▪Source: Wikipedia, Climate Change Scenario
▪Under Paris Increased Ambition, temperature rise by 2030 is about 3 degrees C from 40 billion tons CO2 from energy and industry
▪Integra proposes climate financing solutions by 2030 to cut emissions to 5 billion tons, filling the horizontal bar with dark grey color
THE EMISSIONS GAP TO 2030, 2050 and 2100
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
▪Source: Climate Action Tracker
▪23 billion CO2 eq. tons needs to be reduced below “2030 targets only” scenario by 2030 to comply with 1.3-1.5 C temperature cap
▪35 billion CO2 eq. tons needs to be reduced below “2030 targets only” scenario by 2050 to comply with 1.3-1.5 C temperature cap
▪Integra proposes $ 42.4 trillion investments from 2023-2030 to reduce 21 billion tons of fossil CO2 emissions, outside China
▪Integra proposes $ 63.6 trillion investments from 2031-2050 to reduce 32 billion tons of fossil CO2 emissions, outside China
▪Total investment of $ 106 trillion between 2023-2050 to abate 53 billion tons of fossil CO2 emissions, outside China
THE CLIMATE SOLUTION AND ASSUMPTIONS
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
Solutions and Assumptions
▪Global Fossil CO2 emissions, baseline reference 2021: 38 billion tons
▪European Union: 2.8 billion tons
▪USA: 4.8 billion tons
▪China: 12.5 billion tons
▪India: 2.7 billion tons
▪Russia: 2 billion tons
▪Japan: 1.1 billion tons
▪Total: 25.9 billion tons
▪Rest of the world: 12.1 billion tons
▪Assuming China can self-finance fossil CO2 emissions, Integra’s initiatives aims at abating 25.5 bn tons by 2030
▪Integra global climate finance initiatives with international partners to be achieved by 2050, projects outside China
▪By 2030, Baseline Fossil CO2 emissions 2021
▪EU Fossil Power, Transport and Industrial CO2 Emissions Abatement: 3.2 bn tons/year, $ 9.6 trillion
▪US Fossil Power, Transport and Industrial CO2 Emissions Abatement: 2 bn tons/year, $ 7 trillion
▪Africa Fossil Power and Transport CO2 Emissions Abatement: 0.5 bn tons/year, $ 58 billion
▪Caribbean and Latin America Fossil Power and Transport CO2 Emissions Abatement: 1.3 bn tons/year, $ 1.1 trillion
▪Indo-Pacific Fossil Power and Transport CO2 Emissions Abatement: 2 bn tons/year, $ 2.3 trillion
▪Middle East Fossil Power and Transport CO2 Emissions Abatement: 1.5 bn tons/year, $ 1.2 trillion
▪Total: 10.5 billion CO2 tons abatement, $ 21.2 trillion
▪2023-2030
▪Double Investments to $ 42.4 trillion, 21 billion CO2 tons abatement, relative to 2021 emissions by 2030, to meet 1.3 C limit by 2050
▪2031-2050
▪Triple Investments to $ 63.6 trillion, 32 billion Fossil CO2 tons abatement, to meet 1.3 C limit by 2050
▪China
▪Baseline Fossil CO2 emissions 2021, Integra estimates China needs $ 10.6 trillion to reduce 13.3 bn tons/y from power, transport and industry
▪2031-2050, with additional coal power plants, Integra estimates additional $ 29 trillion to reduce additional 36 fossil CO2 bn tons
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
GLOBAL CLIMATE ESG FUND (F) AND ESG DIRECT INVESTMENT (DI)
Abating Fossil Power and Fossil Transport Emissions in 2025
Investment required: $ 16.8 trillion to reduce 9.6 bn tons CO2
$ 1,750/ton CO2 inclusive of infrastructure and electrolyzers
▪2023-2025 Investments in renewable energy in 109 countries with international partners (additional countries to be considered)
▪Source: Integra_GlobalGreenhouseGasEmissions_2022-Invest_2027
▪Targeting $ 16.8 trillion to reduce 9.6 bn tons CO2 from global fossil power and fossil transport emissions in year 2025
▪Targeting $ 4.2 trillion: Fossil power 5 bn tons CO2 reduction in 2025 (2,108 GW of renewable energy assets)
▪Targeting $ 4.2 trillion: Road transport 3.3 bn tons CO2 reduction with battery vehicles in 2025
▪Targeting $ 4.2 trillion Road transport 1 bn CO2 tons reduction with green H2 vehicles in 2025 (H2=x3 gasoline energy)
▪Targeting $ 4.2 t:rillion Aviation and shipping 0.3 bn tons CO2 reduction with green H2 in 2025
▪Target 10 million jobs creation per year in Renewable Energy in year 2025
▪Tripling investments by 2030 to $ 50.4 trillion to reduce global fossil power and fossil transport CO2 by 28.8 bn tons
▪Compare with global fossil power, fossil transport and fossil industrial emissions reduction of 31.5 bn tons by $ 63.6 trillion
▪Estimate $ 13.2 trillion for reducing fossil industrial CO2 emissions by 2.7 bn tons, much larger multiple than power and transport
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2030*
2025 EU CLIMATE ESG FUND (F) AND ESG DIRECT INVESTMENT (DI)
Abating Fossil Power, Transport, Industrial Emissions in 2025
Investment required: $ 9.6 trillion to reduce 3.2 billion CO2 tons
$ 3,000/CO2 ton inclusive of infrastructure and electrolyzers
CO2 Fossil Emissions 2021: 2.8 bn tons
▪2023-2025: Investments in Emissions Abatement, Green Hydrogen and GW New Renewable Energy Capacity
EU countries Total Fossil District Steel Transport Manuf. Ccgt CHP
power indust. cement commerce design design
heat
▪bn tons 3.2 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8
▪CO2/y
▪Mt/year 362 4 20 20 300 25 4 (40 GW) 3 (30 GW)
▪Green h2/y
▪GW/year 4,501
▪Renewable
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
2025 USA CLIMATE ESG FUND (F) AND ESG DIRECT INVESTMENT (I)
Power, Transport, Industrial Emissions
Investment required: $ 7 trillion (estimate) to reduce 2 billion CO2 tons
$ 3,500/CO2 ton inclusive of infrastructure and electrolyzers
CO2 Fossil Emissions 2021: 4.8 bn tons
▪2023-2025: Investments in Emissions Abatement, Green Hydrogen and GW New Renewable Energy Capacity
EU countries Total Fossil District Steel Transport Manuf. Ccgt CHP
power indust. cement commerce design design
heat
▪bn tons 2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.5
▪CO2/y
▪Mt/year 254 3 18 18 200 15 3 (40 GW) 2 (30 GW)
▪Green h2
▪GW/year 4,875
▪Renewable
INTEGRA TARGET: LIMIT TEMP RISE TO 1.3 DEGREES BY 2050*
2023-2025 REGIONAL CLIMATE ESG FUNDS (F)
AND ESG DIRECT INVESTMENTS (DI)
ABATING FOSSIL POWER AND FOSSIL TRANSPORT EMISSIONS IN 2025
Inclusive of infrastructure and electrolyzers
AFRICA CARIB IND0- MIDDLE
CLIMATE LATAM PACIFIC EAST
ESG CLIMATE CLIMATE CLIMATE
F+DI F+DI F+DI F+DI
Investment $bn/year, 2025 $ 58 $1,120 $2,300 $1,249
Fossil CO2 reduction, Mt/y 471 1,347 1,991 1,490
$/CO2 ton $ 124 $ 832 $1,155 $ 838
Renewable Energy Invest/GW 30 560 1,064 627
GLOBAL CLIMATE ESG BANK
Reasons for Formation Ownership
▪No single bank dedicated to finance renewable energy globally ▪Propose 60% private sector, qualifying investors
▪Commercial interest rates/guarantees increase financing cost ▪Propose 40% public sector, qualifying investors
▪High interest rates result in high levelized cost of energy ▪Combined private and public sector shares from the country
▪Most loans do not provide pro-bono ESG grants to projects of origin of holders of the private and public shares shall not
exceed 10% of total shares, except for any G7 country whose
Type of bank private and public shareholdings shall not exceed 20% of total
shares on a first-come-first-serve basis
▪Infrastructure investment bank, non-deposit taking
▪Subject to Basel III capital adequacy requirements on risk weighted 2 independent oversight committees
assets, issue debt to include project-backed bonds and project
backed EMTNs ▪ESG
▪Commercial and financial
Interest rate policy for renewable energy projects/infrastructure Time-Line
▪Concessional loans based on 20y US Treasury interest rates ▪Feb 2023 Communication with prospective bank managers
▪Margins not to exceed 200 basis points for developing countries ▪Mar 2023 IM and prospectus finalization
▪Margins not to exceed 100 basis points for developed countries ▪Apr 2023 Issuance of bank prospectus
▪Margins not to exceed 50 basis point for least developed countries ▪May 2023 First financial close for bank pre-capitalization
PROJECT GUIDE 1: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE
PROJECTS: KEY TYPES OF PROJECTS:
Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Onshore Solar Offshore Solar
Transmission
Hydro Power Bioenergy Geothermal
PROJECT GUIDE 2: PROJECT SCALE AND CAPACITY
▪ Wind: Onshore and Offshore: Up to 2000 MW
▪ Hydro: Conventional: Up to 50 MW
▪ Hydro: Pumped Hydro Storage: Up to 1500 MW
Conventional and Solar
▪ Solar: Utility Mounted, Floating: Up to 1000 MW Wind Pumped Hydro
▪ Biomass and Biogas: Up to 50 MW
▪ Green Hydrogen by Electrolysis: Up to 1000 MW
▪ Geothermal: Up to 300 MW
Green Hydrogen for
Bioenergy Geothermal
▪ Green Transmission: HVDC, 3 Ph, up to 600 kV Power, Transport, Industry
▪ Green Distribution: On/Off Grid: 33 kV, 400 V
▪ Green Food Security: Green Electricity and Fertilizers
▪ Green Energy Storage: Battery, Compressed/Liq.H2 Energy Storage,
Transmission and Food Security
Distribution EV Charging Stations
▪ Green Charging Station: 11-350 kW, 0.04-4 m EV/y
PROJECT SIZING OPTIONS: GENERATION, EVS-BATTERY-FUEL CELL
Countries, states, private sector firms and municipal authorities can propose renewable energy, transmission, distribution and
EV charging station installed capacities based on Renewable Energy and Infrastructure Project Guide 1 and Project Guide 2
Slides for investments through funds, co and direct investment vehicles.
For generation, if countries, states, private sector firms and municipal authorities are not able to size projects due to
insufficient resources for technical and financial due diligence, then Integra can suggest the following capacity options based
on project scoping that it has performed for specific countries and states.
Wind, Solar and Pumped Hydro Hybrids: 20 MW, 200 MW, 2000 MW
Wind, Solar and PH Hybrids; Balance comprising Solar, Small Hydro, Biomass, Biogas, Green H2: 30 MW, 300 MW, 3000 MW
Geothermal: 50 MW, 100 MW, 150 MW, 200 MW, 250 MW, 300 MW
Green Hydrogen: 500 MW-1000 MW Electrolysers; 0.5 MTPA-3 MTPA; Shipping and Re-Gas utilizing Green Hydrogen; Atlantic-Indian Ocean-Pacific
EV Charging Stations: 10 kW, 22 kW, 60 kW, 180 kW, 350 kW
EV Green Hydrogen Refuelling Stations: 3 MW Electrolyzer Forecourt Green Hydrogen Refuel Station, 500 kg/day dispensing, $ 5 million Capex
Solar PEM Systems: Electrolyzer, Residential, Co-Gen, Tri-Gen: 1 kW-1000 kW, $ 1000-$ 30,000 Capex
PROJECT LOCATION OPTIONS
Countries, states, municipal authorities and eligible private sector firms can propose locations for renewable energy, transmission,
distribution and EV charging (battery and fuel cell) stations based on the Renewable Energy and Infrastructure Project Guide Slides.
For generation, if countries, states, municipal authorities and private sector firms are not able to propose the locations of projects
due to insufficient resources for technical and financial due diligence, then Integra can suggest potential locations based on its initial
analysis of renewable energy resources for several countries.
Onshore and Offshore Wind Resource locations, based on average wind speed of 11.33 m/s for all countries
▪ 149 Countries
Land and Floating Solar Resource locations, based on Global Horizontal Irradiation
▪ 201 countries
Wind Solar and Potential Pumped Hydro-Storage Hybrid locations
▪ 84 Countries
Biomass, Biogas
▪ 140 countries
Geothermal
▪ 56 countries
Green Hydrogen
▪ More than 100 countries that have Wind, Solar, Bioenergy, Geothermal, Small Hydro, Potential Pumped Hydro Storage
Hydrogen
PROJECT INVESTMENT OPTIONS
PRIVATE EQUITY AND DIRECT INVESTMENT:
Greenfield (construction), re-power and expansion projects
Wind Solar Pump Pump Small Biomass Geo
On/Off Land Hydro Hydro Hydro Biogas thermal
Solar
MW MW MW MW MW MW MW
100 25 50 15 50 50 50
300 50 150 50 100 80 100
500 100 250 80 150 100 200
1000 300 500 150 200 150 250
2000 500 1000 300 300 200 300
GREEN HYDROGEN INVESTMENT: POWER, ROAD VEHICLES, AVIATION AND SHIPPING, INDUSTRY
GLOBAL AND COUNTRY HYDROGEN FUNDS AND DIRECT INVESTMENTS
Domestic Markets Exporting Countries by Shipping
▪Target: 2023 Financial Close ▪Target: 2023 Financial Close
▪Integra Renewable Energy Plant Permitting ▪Integra Renewable Energy Plant Permitting
▪Battery and Hydrogen Vehicle Affordability ▪Green Electricity Price US 2.5 c/kWh
▪Green Electricity Price US 2-5 c/kWh ▪Electrolyzer USD 500/kW, Green Hydrogen Price $ 1-2/kg (2025)
▪Electrolyser USD 500/kW; 1 kg Hydrogen (LHV) = 120 MJ ▪Liquefaction Price USD 1-1.5/kg
▪Green Hydrogen Target Price: USD 1-2/kg (2025) ▪Shipping Price USD 0.5-1.5/kg (subject to distance)
▪Target IRR Fund, Direct Invest SPV 12%-15% ▪CIF Price USD 3/kg (2025)
▪Volumes available: 300,000 -1,000,000 tonnes/annum ▪Import Terminal and Re-Gas $ 1/kg (2025)
▪Target Re-Gas Gate Price $ 4/kg (2025)
Aviation Green H2 Guide: $580/tonne: 1 kg (LHV) = 43 MJ. ▪Target IRR Fund, Direct Invest SPV 12%-15%
Boeing 737: 10,000 US gallons: 13 tonnes Jet A1
Boeing 777: 45,000 US gallons: 60 tonnes Jet A1 ▪Physical Volumes available
Airbus 380: 310,00 litres: 250 tonnes Jet A1 ▪300,000 -3,000,000 TPA (tonnes/annum)
Airbus 320 neo: 27,000 litres: 22 tonnes Jet A1
Conversion: 1 t green H2 = 3 t aviation fuel energy ▪Target Importing Countries
▪Felixstowe-Heathrow, Guangzhou-Baiyun, Houston-Atlanta,
Shipping Green H2 Guide: $600/tonne: 1 kg (LHV) = 42.6 MJ Istanbul, Mumbai, New York, Rotterdam-Schiphol, Santos-Sao
3 million US gallons Diesel: 10,000 tonnes Paulo, Tokyo-Haneda
2023: PROVISIONAL LIST OF POTENTIAL COUNTRIES FOR INVESTMENTS
TO BE UPDATED TO INCLUDE OTHER COUNTRIES
▪Albania ▪Honduras ▪Philippines
▪Rwanda
▪Andorra ▪India ▪Seychelles
▪Australia ▪Indonesia ▪Sierra Leone
▪Bahrain ▪Italy ▪Slovenia
▪Barbados ▪Jamaica ▪South Africa
▪Spain
▪Bhutan ▪Kazakhstan ▪St Kitts
▪Botswana ▪Korea, South ▪Swaziland
▪Bolivia ▪Kyrgyzstan ▪Switzerland
▪Brazil ▪Malawi ▪Taiwan
▪Tanzania
▪Canada ▪Malaysia ▪Tunisia
▪Chile ▪Mauritius ▪Turkey
▪China ▪Mexico ▪Tuvalu
▪Croatia ▪Mongolia ▪Uganda
▪United Kingdom
▪Ecuador ▪Namibia ▪United States
▪El Salvador ▪New Zealand ▪Uzbekistan
▪Ethiopia ▪Nigeria ▪Vietnam
▪Fiji ▪Norway ▪Zimbabwe
▪France ▪Pakistan
▪Germany ▪Papua New Guinea
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY SUMMARY
SUMMARY GLOBAL CLIMATE ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY MATRIX: AGRO-SOIL, LOCAL FOOD & FERTILIZER PRODUCTION
Re ne w able Ene rgy Proje cts : *Soil organic carbon, ne ar w ind and s olar locations s cope d by
Inte gra, data as available , tons /he ctare
*Soil organic **Food **Food production in 2050 vs 2010 due to clim ate change , data as available , %
carbon production Source s : Inte gra Cle an Ene rgy; FAO, UNCCD, IPCC, RCP 8.5 Clim ate Im pacts , World Bank
Countrie s av. 75 -3.6%
Food prod, 2050 vs 2010 due to clim ate Alge ria, Angola, Brazil, Cam e roon, Gam bia, Gre e ce , Honduras , Hungary, Italy, M orocco, Nicaragua,
change , -15% to - 20% Nige r, Rom ania, Slove nia, Ve ne zue la
-21% to - 30% Be larus , Croatia, Guate m ala, Se ne gal, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunis ia, US
- 30% to - 40% Cuba, Cyprus , M alaw i, Rw anda
Afghanis tan, Alge ria, Aus tralia N+W, Banglade s h, Brazil, Chad, China NE, Cuba, Egypt, Eq.Guine a,
High re duction in agricultural production Es w atini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guyana, India NE+NW, Iraq, M ali, M e xico, M yanm ar, Nige r, Pak is tan,
due to clim ate change Paraguay, Philippine s , Saudi Arabia, Som alia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sri Lank a, Sudan,
Surinam e , Tanzania, Turk e y, US W+M idW, Ve ne zue la, Ye m e n, Zam bia, Zim babw e
Be nin, Cote d'Ivoire , Cabo Ve rde , Colom bia, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritre a, Fiji, Gam bia,
Ghana, Guate m ala, Guine a, Guine a Bis s au, Guyana, Indone s ia, Gam bia, Kiribati, Libe ria, M ars hall
High re duction in fis he rie s production
Is lands , M auritania, M yanm ar, Nige ria, Palau, Papua Ne w Guine a, Pe ru, Philippine s , Sam oa, Sao
due to clim ate change
Tom e , Se ne gal, Sie rra Le one , Solom on Is lands , Som alia, Surinam e , Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,
Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
Re duce d w he at prod/w he at s tre s s due Brazil, Egypt, Gre e ce , Iran, Iraq, Italy, Le banon, M e xico, M orocco, M yanm ar, Pak is tan, Pe ru, Saudi
to clim ate change Arabia, Spain, Syria, Turk e y, Uk raine , US
Aze rbaijan, Bos nia, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Egypt, Gre e ce , Guyana, India, Iran, Iraq, italy,
Re duce d m aize prod/m aize s tre s s due
Japan, Le banon, Rom ania, Rus s ia, Slove nia, South Kore a, Spain, Surinam e , Syria, Thailand,
to clim ate change
Turk e y, Uk raine , US, Ve ne zue la
Re d.rice prod/rice s tre s s ,clim ate change Brazil, Ce ntral African Re p, China, India, Iran, M orocco, M ozam bique , Pe ru, Spain, Uganda
Re duce d fis h/aqua production due to Canada, Fiji, France , Gabon, Guine a, Indone s ia, Kiribati, M ars hall Is lands , M icrone s ia, Palau, Papua
clim ate change Ne w Guine a, Philippine s , Rus s ia NE, Sam oa, Solom on Is lands , Spain, Tonga, Tuvalu, US, Vanuatu
Aus tralia N, Bolivia, Brazil, Cote d'Ivoire , Cam bodia, China S+SW, Colom bia, Honduras , India N+NW,
Re duce d live s tock production due to
Indone s ia, Iraq, Libe ria, M e xico E+SE, Nicaragua, Nige ria, Pak is tan, Papua Ne w Guine a, Paraguay,
clim ate change
Se ne gal, South Sudan, Thailand, US SE, Ve ne zue la
Afghanis tan, Angola, Brazil, Burk ina Fas o, Chile , Ethiopia, Iran, Iraq, Kazak hs tan, Ke nya, Le s otho,
Countrie s , drought, 2020-2022 M adagas car, M alaw i, M ali, M auritania, M ozam bique , Nige r, Pak is tan, Som alia, South Sudan,
Sudan, Syria, US, Zam bia
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 1
CLIMATE ENERGY-FOOD SECURITY MATRIX: AGRO-SOIL, LOCAL FOOD & FERTILIZER PRODUCTION, GLOBAL SURVEY
Notes: Renew able energy projects for som e countries subject to referral to UN/other organizations for clim ate cooperation
Integra's greenfield w ind, solar, hydro and geotherm al projects produce electricity for the electrolysis of dem ineralized w ater to green
hydrogen and green oxygen for aquaculture; synthesis of am m onia by com bining green hydrogen and green nitrogen produced from
ionization of air; nitrate salts by ionization of air and w ater vapor; green urea by synthesis of green hydrogen, green nitrogen; and carbon
dioxide from bioenergy pow er/heat plants. Food production in countries w ithout agro-soil is m ainly based on cattle and poultry farm ing.
Sources: Integra Clean Energy; FAO, UNCCD, IPCC, RCP 8.5 Clim ate Im pacts, World Bank
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, near production vulnerability
w ind and solar in 2050 vs score on
locations 2010 due food
scoped by to clim ate High Reduced Reduced Reduced Countries security,
Integra, change, High reduction w heat m aize rice Reduced affected available
data as data as reduction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fish/ Reduced by public
available, available, in agric. fisheries w heat m aize rice aqua livestock drought dom ain
Country tons/hectare % prod prod stress stress stress prod prod 2020-2022 sources
1 Afghanistan 63 1.7% Afghan Afghan
2 Albania 90 -5.5%
3 Algeria 82 -15.1% Algeria High
4 Andorra 80
5 Angola -19.2% Angola High
6 Antigua 79 -6.3% High
7 Argentina 87 -0.4%
8 Arm enia 86 25.6%
9 Australia 108 -11.0% N+W Aus N Aus High
10 Austria 79 11.1%
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 2
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
11 Aze rbaijan 68 -11.5% Aze rb High
12 Baham as -6.3% High
13 Bahrain 21
14 Banglade s h -10.7% Bde s h High
15 Barbados 73 -6.3% High
16 Be larus 62 -23.5% Ve ry High
17 Be lgium 74 -5.8%
18 Be lize -30.6% Ve ry High
19 Be nin -13.6% Be nin High
20 Bhutan 13.0%
21 Bolivia 97 8.5% Bolivia High
22 Bos nia 64 Bos nia
23 Bots w ana 11.7%
24 Brazil 66 -14.9% Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Brazil Ve ry High
25 Brune i
26 Bulgaria 64 -10.3% Bulgaria High
27 Burk ina F -11.2% Burk ina High
28 Burundi 81 -6.0% High
29 Cote d'Ivoire -0.5% Cote Iv Cote Iv
30 Cabo Ve rde 57 Cabo V High
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 3
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
31 Cam bodia 55 -11.3% Cam bod High
32 Cam e roon 66 -16.3% High
33 Canada 99 6.0% Canada
34 CAR 59 -9.3% CAR High
35 Chad -10.6% Chad High
36 Chile 67 14.5% Chile
37 China 66 4.2% NE China China China S+SW Ch High
38 Colom bia 102 13.5% Colom bia Colom bia
39 Com oros High
40 Congo Re p 67 -9.8% High
41 Congo DR 92 -4.1%
42 Cos ta Rica 92 -5.1%
43 Croatia 92 -23.3% Croatia Ve ry High
44 Cuba 60 -31.0% Cuba Ve ry High
45 Cyprus 64 -31.8% Ve ry High
46 Cze ch Re p 65 16.7%
47 De nm ark 59 9.1%
48 Djibouti 3.7% Djibouti
49 Dom inica 97 -6.3%
50 Dom Re p 83 6.8%
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 4
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
51 Ecuador 104 15.4%
52 Egypt 54 -2.5% Egypt Egypt Egypt Egypt Ve ry High
53 El Salvador 63 -1.4% El Salv
54 Eq. Guine a 75 -5.3% Eq. Guin
55 Eritre a 77 -8.4% Eritre a High
56 Es tonia 99 13.1%
57 Es w atini 62 -9.2% Es w atini High
58 Ethiopia 81 1.0% Ethiopia Ethiopia High
59 Fiji 95 -12.3% Fiji Fiji High
60 Finland 107 34.2%
61 France 81 -10.6% France High
62 Gabon 83 -5.6% Gabon Gabon
63 Gam bia 39 -17.3% Gam bia High
64 Ge orgia 67 -4.6%
65 Ge rm any 100 1.4%
66 Ghana 54 -7.4% Ghana
67 Gre e ce 57 -14.6% Gre e ce Gre e ce High
68 Gre nada 79 -6.3% High
69 Guate m ala 74 -22.3% Guate m Ve ry High
70 Guine a 90 -3.4% Guine a Guine a
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 5
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
71 Guine a-Bis -2.9% Guine a B
72 Guyana 92 1.5% Guyana Guyana Guyana High
73 Haiti 81 1.0%
74 Holy Se e
75 Honduras 79 -18.7% Honduras High
76 Hungary 79 -15.7% High
77 Ice land 93 0.1%
78 India 97 -7.4% NE+NW India India N+NW Ind High
79 Indone s ia 104 -1.6% Indone s Indone s Indone s
80 Iran 76 4.7% Iran Iran Iran Iran High
81 Iraq 33 -1.7% Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq Iraq High
82 Ire land 110 8.4%
83 Is rae l 63 -6.7%
84 Italy 79 -16.8% Italy Italy High
85 Jam aica 96 8.8%
86 Japan 103 -9.6% Japan High
87 Jordan 33 11.3%
88 Kazak hs tan 80 -6.1% Kazak h High
89 Ke nya 111 0.4% Ke nya Ke nya High
90 Kiribati Kiribati Kiribati High
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 6
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
91 Kos ovo 65
92 Kuw ait 32
93 Kyrgyzs tan 75 36.5%
94 Laos 58 -5.8% High
95 Latvia 74 13.1%
96 Le banon 62 3.9% Le banon Le banon High
97 Le s otho 87 8.6% Le s otho
98 Libe ria 62 -1.6% Libe ria Libe ria
99 Libya 40 -3.9% High
100 Lie chte n 102
101 Lithuania 82 13.1%
102 Luxe m bourg 88 -5.8%
103 M adagas car 61 6.6% M adagas
104 M alaw i 87 -32.5% M alaw i Ve ry High
105 M alays ia 80 -1.7%
106 M aldive s High
107 M ali 30 -11.6% M ali M ali High
108 M alta 52 High
109 M ars hall Is l M ars h Is l M ars h Is l High
110 M auritania -7.5% M auritan M auritania High
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 7
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
111 M auritius 92
112 M e xico 120 -5.3% M e xico M e xico E+SE M e x High
113 M icrone s ia M icron High
114 M oldova 1.4%
115 M onaco 79
116 M ongolia 84 8.0%
117 M onte ne gro 100
118 M orocco 58 -19.6% M orocco M orocco High
119 M ozam bique 79 -12.4% M ozam b M ozam b High
120 M yanm ar 77 -1.7% M yanm M yanm M yanm High
121 Nam ibia 22 -1.4%
122 Nauru High
123 Ne pal 86 6.5%
124 Ne the rlands 105 3.2%
125 Ne w Ze aland 103 11.6%
126 Nicaragua 61 -14.2% Nicaragua High
127 Nige r 21 -16.9% Nige r Nige r High
128 Nige ria 44 -6.3% Nige ria Nige ria High
129 North Kore a 66 8.2%
130 North M ace d 90
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 8
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
131 Norw ay 84 26.3%
132 Om an 41
133 Pak is tan 20 -8.4% Pak is tan Pak is tan Pak is tan Pak is tan High
134 Palau Palau Palau High
135 Pale s tine -13.3% High
136 Panam a 107 -1.8%
137 Papua NG 65 4.8% Papua NG PapuaNG PapuaNG
138 Paraguay 62 -9.6% Paraguay Paraguay High
139 Pe ru 82 36.5% Pe ru Pe ru Pe ru
140 Philippine s 82 -1.3% Philipp Philipp Philipp
141 Poland 92 9.0%
142 Portugal 74 -1.2%
143 Qatar
144 Rom ania 76 -15.0% Rom ania High
145 Rus s ia 118 -0.6% Rus s ia NE Rus s
146 Rw anda 107 -41.8% Ve ry High
147 Saint Kitts 95 -6.3% High
148 Saint Lucia 75 -6.3% High
149 Saint Vinc 81 -6.3% High
150 Sam oa Sam oa Sam oa High
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 9
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
151 San M arino 87
152 Sao Tom e Sao Tom e High
153 Saudi Arabia 23 -1.1% Saudi Ar Saudi Ar High
154 Se ne gal 32 -20.8% Se ne gal Se ne gal Ve ry High
155 Se rbia 80
156 Se yche lle s 82
157 Sie rra Le one 84 -5.8% Sie rra L High
158 Singapore
159 Slovak ia 64 6.2%
160 Slove nia 112 -14.1% Slove nia High
161 Solom on Is l 161 -9.5% Sol Is l Sol Is l High
162 Som alia 37 -11.0% Som alia Som alia Som alia High
163 South Africa 96 -4.1% S Africa High
164 South Kore a 79 0.1% S Kore a
165 South Sud 57 S Sudan S Sudan S Sudan Ve ry High
166 Spain 82 -7.7% Spain Spain Spain Spain High
167 Sri Lank a 106 -1.2% Sri Lank a
168 Sudan 27 -28.7% Sudan Sudan Ve ry High
169 Surinam e Surinam Surinam Surinam High
170 Sw e de n 90 25.9%
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 10
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
171 Sw itze rland 107 8.1%
172 Syria 64 17.7% Syria Syria Syria Ve ry High
173 Taiw an 67
174 Tajik is tan 61 -6.9%
175 Tanzania 92 -8.1% Tanzania Tanzania High
176 Thailand 77 -10.2% Thailand Thailand Thailand High
177 Tim or-Le s te 66 -1.9%
178 Togo 66 -6.6% Togo High
179 Tonga tbd Tonga Tonga High
180 Trinidad 86 High
181 Tunis ia 70 -25.7% Ve ry High
182 Turk e y 74 6.2% Turk e y Turk e y Turk e y
183 Turk m e n 39 -3.9%
184 Tuvalu Tuvalu Tuvalu Ve ry High
185 Uganda 63 -11.2% Uganda High
186 Uk raine 63 -9.9% Uk raine Uk raine High
187 UAE 21
188 UK 106 6.6%
189 US 69 -21.6% M id-W+W US US US SE US US Ve ry High
190 Uruguay 84 4.3%
ENERGY AND FOOD SECURITY MATRIX 11
Soil organic Food Clim ate
carbon, ne ar production vulne rability
w ind and s olar in 2050 vs s core on
locations 2010 due food
s cope d by to clim ate High Re duce d Re duce d Re duce d Countrie s s e curity,
Inte gra, change , High re duction w he at m aize rice Re duce d affe cte d available
data as data as re duction in prod/ prod/ prod/ fis h/ Re duce d by public
available , available , in agric. fis he rie s w he at m aize rice aqua live s tock drought dom ain
Country tons /he ctare % prod prod s tre s s s tre s s s tre s s prod prod 2020-2022 s ource s
191 Uzbe k is tan -2.4% High
192 Vanuatu 82 -6.4% Vanuatu Vanuatu High
193 Ve ne zue la 85 -15.0% Ve ne z Ve ne z Ve ne z High
194 Vie tnam 73 -9.1% High
195 Ye m e n 75 7.3% Ye m e n Ve ry High
196 Zam bia 33 -8.9% Zam bia Zam bia High
196 Zim babw e 40 -7.7% Zim bab
Total av. 75 -3.6%
Inte gra Re ne w able Ene rgy > Food and Fe rtilize r Proje ct Prioritization w ith Com m e rcial and ESG financing
Re gion LDCs
1 Re gion 1 Carib+Latam -6.3% CarLat Ce nLatam High
2 Re gion 2 Ce ntral+WAfri -7.9% LDC WAfrica WAfrica WAfrica High
3 Re gion 3 Eas t+SAfrica -7.8% LDC SouthAfr SouthAfr High
4 Re gion 4 Eas tAs ia+au+nz -1.3% Eas t As ia Eas t As ia
5 Re gion 5 NAfri+C+WAs ia -1.8%
6 Re gion 6 NAm e r(us ,ca) -18.1% Ve ry High
7 Re gion 7 SouthEAs ia 2.1% SE As ia SE As ia
8 Re gion 8 Eur/balk /ru/ua -4.7% M e dite rr
World -5.3%
INVESTMENT PLATFORMS: FUND, DIRECT INVESTMENTS, PPP
Fund Investment (global, country, regional, special) Direct Investment Options (global, country, regional, special)
▪Fund Investor invests in a Fund ▪If a GP/Integra planned fund does not attract sufficient fund
investors and/or the fund is not sufficiently risk-diversified:
▪Fund invests in Project SPVs created by GP/Integra
GP/Integra may offer its pipeline projects to be invested by direct
▪Project SPV may source for revenue from off-takers or consumers investors, until such time additional projects become available to
through contracts with private and/or public companies, for the structure a diversified fund portfolio;
latter, without a Public Private Partnership agreement.
GP/Integra may decide to bid for a Public Private Partnership
▪Project SPV may source for revenue from public sector off-takers /auction in a country which it may qualify as the preferred bidder.
and/or public consumers through a competitive bidding process GP/Integra may seek direct investors to bid or jointly bid with the
such as a Public Private Partnership. GP/Integra for the PPP;
Direct Investment GP/Integra may discuss with a sovereign government to structure a
PPP for projects that the GP/Integra originates in a particular
▪Direct Investor does not invest in a Fund but invests in Project country, assuming revenue is provided by public sector off-takers
SPVs under Fund via Co-Invest Vehicle created by GP/Integra. and/or public consumers. GP/Integra proposes to be the PPP
adviser on conditionality that provides for GP/Integra fund capital
▪Direct Investor does not invest in Fund but invests in Project SPVs or direct investor partners to co-invest in the project.
not connected to Fund via Direct Investment Vehicle created by
GP/Integra. ESG Impact PPP Structure: Fund or Project
▪GP/Integra proposes government equity participation to meet part
▪Direct investments in fund’s projects/non-projects can be made of setup and prospectus cost of the Fund or Project, in return for
available for external LPs and parallel funds. up to 1% of capital proceeds to be paid on a quarterly basis.
COUNTRY RENEWABLE ENERGY ESG FUND FORMATION SERVICES
Setup of Country Renewable Energy ESG funds by Integra/partners Requirements for Country Proponents and Stakeholders
▪Renewable energy private equity ESG fund to finance renewable ▪At least 20% equity participation from private and public sector
energy generation; T&D; distributed energy resources; green investors, balance to be sourced from international investors
hydrogen for transportation, households, commerce and industry;
EV battery charging and green hydrogen refuel stations; hydrogen ▪Nomination of Country team representatives from private and
Infrastructure; solar CHP for homes, commerce and industry public sector to include one ESG representative, one NGO and
one international intergovernmental organization
▪Fund to be setup in Luxembourg as domicile country
▪Estimate GWh(e)/year (excluding electricity for green transport);
▪Fund shall invest in Project SPVs created by GP/Integra and estimate GWh(thermal) heating/year for residential, commerce
and industry
▪Propose Fund shareholding ratio of 60%: 40% private: public
▪Estimate passenger EV vehicles to be charged per year for
▪Propose private and public sector investors from G7 countries battery EVs and green hydrogen EVs for sizing of additional
as Fund anchor shareholders electricity generation
▪Fund shall establish a Public-Private-Partnership if required ▪Shortlist 3 potential counter parties for PPA (power purchase
agreement and, as applicable, HPA (heat purchase agreement)
▪Direct investments in fund’s projects can be made available for
external LPs and parallel funds through a co-investment vehicle ▪Estimate of transmission/distribution distance to consumers
▪Fund to target 12%-15% net IRR over 15 year period, target same ▪Subsidy for green h2 production, infra and refuel stations; battery
net IRR for direct investors over 15 year period EV charging stations; capex and opex: 50% by public sector
COUNTRY DIRECT INVESTMENT ESG VEHICLE FORMATION SERVICES
Setup of Country RE Direct Invest Vehicles by Integra/partners Requirements for Country Proponents and Stakeholders
▪Renewable energy direct invest vehicles to finance renewable ▪At least 20% equity participation from private and public sector
energy generation; T&D; distributed energy resources; green investors, balance to be sourced from international investors
hydrogen for transportation, households, commerce and industry;
EV battery charging and green hydrogen refuel stations; hydrogen ▪Nomination of Country team representatives from private and
Infrastructure; solar CHP for homes, commerce and industry public sector to include one ESG representative, one NGO and
one international intergovernmental organization
▪Direct Investment Vehicles to be setup in Luxembourg
▪Estimate GWh(e)/year (excluding electricity for green transport);
▪Vehicles shall invest in Project SPVs created by Integra/partners. and estimate GWh(thermal) heating/year for residential, commerce
Investors may not exit or transfer shares in first 5 years of project and industry
▪Propose Vehicle shareholding ratio of 60%: 40% private: public ▪Estimate passenger EV vehicles to be charged per year for
battery EVs and green hydrogen EVs for sizing of additional
▪Propose private and public sector investors from G7 countries electricity generation
as Vehicle anchor shareholders
▪Shortlist 3 potential counter parties for PPA (power purchase
▪Vehicles shall establish Public-Private-Partnerships if required agreement and, as applicable, HPA (heat purchase agreement)
▪Direct investments in projects under an Integra fund available for ▪Estimate of transmission/distribution distance to consumers
direct investors, external LPs/parallel funds via co-invest vehicles
▪Subsidy for green h2 production, infra and refuel stations; battery
▪Vehicle to target 12%-15% net IRR projects over 15 year period EV charging stations; capex and opex: 50% by public sector
ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL GOVERNANCE (ESG) CAPACITY BUILDING
PROPOSED CAPITAL ALLOCATIONS FOR IMPACT
Indicative total percentage of up to 1% of total investment capital to include equity and debt
Pro-bono: applicable to Global Bank lending/investments, Global Direct Investor Platform, Global/geographic/economic group funds
▪ Up to 0.05% Climate Adaptation and Displacement – Local and/or Regional;
▪ Up to 0.05% Covid-19 Community Protection;
▪ Up to 0.05% Contingency Responses Measures;
▪ Up to 0.05% Early Warning System for Natural Disasters – disabled, gender, children; to include weather satellite warnings;
▪ Up to 0.05% Environmental Protection from Coal-Fired Power Plants/Fossil Fuel Extraction, Mining and Exploitation;
▪ Up to 0.05% Food Security with new carbon soil land, electricity and green fertilizer production to farms by renewable energy;
▪ Up to 0.05% Green Hydrogen Infrastructure – transport by trucks and pipeline transmission;
▪ Up to 0.05% Indigenous and Minority Communities;
▪ Up to 0.05% Job Training in Renewable Energy and Infrastructure;
▪ Up to 0.05% Local Economic Development and Job Creation,
▪ Up to 0.05% Natural Habitats Protection;
▪ Up to 0.05% Security and Surveillance of Renewable Energy Assets by Host government;
▪ Up to 0.05% Technical assistance to LDC/Host governments on workings of the fund and bank;
▪ Up to 0.05% UNICEF Climate Children Programs/Red Cross and Red Crescent Children Programs;
▪ Up to 0.05% UN JFI Youth Climate Leadership Programs/National and Local Youth Climate Leaders Programs;
▪ Up to 0.05% Women’s Economic Empowerment including Climate Change Adaptation;
Pro-bono: To be discussed and agreed/not agreed by participating government entities and private sector entities
▪ Up to 0.05% Artificial Island 1 for Tuvalu
▪ Up to 0.05% Artificial Island 2 for a second Small Island State
▪ Up to 0.05% 3 other Small Island States for Climate Adaptation
▪ Up to 0.05% 13 LDCs including LDCs with Lowest Electrification Rates
GLOBAL CLIMATE FUND & GLOBAL CLIMATE BANK CONFERENCE CALL 21 OCT 2021
AND GLOBAL CLIMATE BANK CONFERENCE CALL 5 DEC 2022
Respondent countries to 1 Oct 2022 Global Climate Fund and Global
Climate Bank Conference Call and 5 Dec 2022 Global Climate Bank
Conference Call in terms of public/private sector to one or both events
▪ Argentina France Namibia Spain
▪ Australia Germany Netherlands Swaziland
▪ Benin Haiti Niger Switzerland
▪ Bosnia India Nigeria Thailand
▪ Brazil Indonesia Norway Tunisia
▪ Burkina Faso Ivory Coast Papua NG Turkey
▪ Cambodia Ireland Philippines Uganda
▪ Canada Italy Rwanda United Kingdom
▪ China Jamaica San Marino United States
▪ Czech Rep Japan Sao Tome Uzbekistan
▪ Denmark Kenya Saudi Arabia Zimbabwe
▪ Egypt Korea Sierra Leone
▪ El Salvador Malawi Singapore Observers
▪ Lesotho Malaysia Slovenia UNCCD, UNEP,
▪ Luxembourg Maldives South Africa UNICEF, UNDP,
▪ Fiji Mauritius Somalia UNIDO, WFP/FAO
POTENTIAL FOUNDING MEMBERS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE ESG FUND/GLOBAL CLIMATE ESG BANK
POTENTIAL CLIMATE YOUTH OBSERVERS TO THE FUND AND THE BANK
▪ Global climate ESG fund, Global climate ESG bank: ▪ Climate youth observer organizations
Regional/country origin of potential public and
private sector stakeholders ▪ Australia Nigeria
▪ Bangladesh Nepal
▪ Africa: 51 ▪ Brazil Pakistan
▪ Asia: 23 ▪ Cameroon Palestine
▪ Canada ▪ Chile Paraguay
▪ CARICOM: 16 ▪ Colombia Peru
▪ Eur/EBRD Europe: 52 ▪ Cook Islands Philippines
▪ LATAM: 17 ▪ El Salvador Romania
▪ Middle East: 14 ▪ Egypt Russia
▪ Oceania: 18 ▪ Germany Rwanda
▪ USA ▪ Ghana St Vincent
▪ Total 193 countries ▪ Guyana South Africa
▪ India Sweden
▪ Indonesia UK
▪ Mexico USA
▪ Morocco Zambia
▪ Namibia
▪ New Zealand
STATUS ON CLIMATE INITIATIVES: 31 JAN 2023
▪ GLOBAL CLIMATE ESG FUND ▪ PROPOSED FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS: FUND, BANK, DIRECT INVEST SPV
▪ Information Memorandum prepared ▪ Subject to legal advice on Set-Up Financing for Fund, Bank, Direct Invest SPV
▪ Funds, Co –Investment and Direct Investment Vehicles, EMTN Facility, Projects ▪ Up to 20% equity for eligible investors
▪ Up to 2% equity for set-up cost (dependent on fund size)
▪ Fund Management Procurement, ongoing
▪ First Financial Closing: Early Stage Investor Commitment, Preferential Share Price
▪ 3 Potential Master General Partners, 5 Potential Local General Partners ▪ Four More Financial Closing Periods at Increasing Share Prices
▪ 5 Share Classes: A, B, C, D, E
▪ Potential Service Providers, ongoing ▪ No subscription limit to final closing to finance climate change
▪ Up to 1% pro-bono for ESG stakeholders, 1% Integra for origination
▪ Potential Law Firms
▪ Potential Auditors ▪ Initial equity capital for set-up cost in exchange for shares proposal to be
▪ Potential AIFMs reviewed by legal advisors and governing financial authority
▪ Potential Administrators
▪ Potential Custodial/Depository Service Providers
▪ PROPOSED CAPITAL STRUCTURE FOR FUND AND BANK
▪ GLOBAL CLIMATE ESG BANK
▪ Global Climate Fund, 80% private equity, 20% private debt
▪ Information Memorandum prepared
▪ Global Climate Bank, equity subscription from qualifying private and public sector
▪ Pre-Capitalization is proposed subject to legal advice
▪ Fund and Bank: propose private/public sector ownership: 60:40
▪ Bank to prioritize concessionary loans for renewable energy generation
▪ Bank Management Procurement, ongoing ▪ PROPOSED GOVERNANCE LIMITS ON OWNERSHIP
▪ Potential Service Providers, ongoing ▪ Global Climate Fund and Global Climate Bank Fund
Limit of 10% shares to any single country, based on the total number of private
▪ Potential Law Firms sector investors and government investors from that country. Propose increase
▪ Potential Auditors limit to 20% to G7 private and public shareholders on 1come1serve basis.
▪ Potential Custodial/Depository Service Providers
COST OF MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE
HOW MUCH IS NEEDED IN GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY
TO FREEZE GLOBAL TEMPERATURE RISE AT 1.5 DEGREES BY 2050
Source Cost Estimate
UN $ 2.4 trillion/year in clean energy to 2035 and cut coal power by 2050
COP 27 The final agreement highlights that “$ 4-$ 6 trillion/year needs to be invested in renewable energy until 2030
– including investments in technology and infrastructure – to allow us to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.”
IPCC $ 3-$ 3.5 trillion/year in renewable energy and infrastructure from 2016-2050
IRENA $ 2 trillion/year in renewable energy and other energy transition technologies from 2021-2023, creating 5.5
million jobs. $ 4.5 trillion/year from 2024-2030, creating 19 million jobs.
OECD $ 6.9 trillion/year is required across energy, transport, building and water infrastructure to meet the world’s
climate and development objectives.
Integra Mobilize with local/international partners: 2023-2030: $ 42.4 trillion, 2031-2050: $ 63.6 trillion, Total $ 106 trillion
CLIMATE ADAPTATION INITIATIVE
NEW ISLAND PROJECT FOR TUVALU
Integra Clean Energy is leading a climate adaptation initiative to construct a man-made island for Tuvalu
The Tuvalu Cabinet welcomes any assistance from the international community
Man-made Island Initiative (technical design of infrastructure performed by Integra Clean Energy):
Construction of a new man-made island of 10 km2.
Proposed elevation is 5 meters above sea-level.
Renewable energy to include green hydrogen-to-power from a wind project under development in Australia.
Infrastructure to include a new airport, government and residential buildings, utilities and transportation.
The international community can contact Integra Clean Energy for more information on the initiative.
Summary
CLIMATE DECADE CHALLENGE: 2023-2030
Time-Line Time-Line is subject to revision
Feb 2023 Discussions with Potential Investors, Stakeholders and Host Countries
Mar 2023 Finalization of Fund Managers, Managing Bank, Project Managers, Information Memorandum
Apr 2023 Issue of Fund Prospectus, Bank Prospectus, Projects Prospectus
May 2023 First Financial Close for Fund, Bank, Direct Investments into Projects
Jun 2023 Second Financial Close for Fund, Bank, Direct Investments into Projects
July 2023 Final Financial Close for Fund, Bank, Direct Investments into Projects
Aug 2023 Share Issue for Fund, Bank, Projects: Pre-investment commencement
Shortlisted AIFMs, Master GP, Local GPs, Administrators, Custodial-Depositary, Lead Arrangers, Legal
and Technical Advisors, Auditors, EPC Contractors, O&M Service Suppliers, Asset Managers.
Integra Contact Details Proposed Global Financial Coordination Centre
Integra Clean Energy, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
[email protected]
https://www.integracleanenergy.com/
Tel: +60 3 2182 9776 Fax: 60 3 2182 9797